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Carneiro MDNDL, Gomes DL, da Fonseca AA, Ripardo RC. Relationship between Quality of Life and Adult Attachment Factors in Mothers of Children with and without Type 1 Diabetes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:7109. [PMID: 38063539 PMCID: PMC10706471 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20237109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
The mothers of children with a specific clinical situation such as type 1 diabetes mellitus may have a higher level of stress, causing a worse perception of their quality of life, greater anxiety, and greater avoidance (adult attachment factors). The objective of this research was to verify if there is a relationship between the adult attachment factors of mothers of children with and without type 1 diabetes mellitus and the perception of the quality of life of these mothers. This survey was carried out from July to September 2022, with mothers of children aged 5 to 10 years, with and without diabetes. The data were collected through an online questionnaire, with socioeconomic data from the attachment scale Experience in Close Relationship-(Reduced), and the questionnaire on the quality of life, the WHOQOL-abbreviated questionnaire. For statistical analysis, the Statistical Package for Social Science 24 was used. A total of 45 mothers of children with DM1 and 55 mothers of healthy children were evaluated. The mothers of children with DM1 had a worse perception of their quality of life when compared to the mothers of healthy children (p < 0.05), with no difference in terms of the attachment style. Therefore, it is understood that actions aimed at improving the quality of life of these mothers are necessary.
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Grover S, Bhadada S, Kate N, Sarkar S, Bhansali A, Avasthi A, Sharma S, Goel R. Coping and caregiving experience of parents of children and adolescents with type-1 diabetes: An exploratory study. Perspect Clin Res 2016; 7:32-9. [PMID: 26955574 PMCID: PMC4763515 DOI: 10.4103/2229-3485.173776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: To assess the coping strategies and the relationship of coping with subjective burden and positive caregiving consequences as perceived by the caregivers of children and adolescents with Type-1 diabetes. Design: Cross-sectional assessment. Setting: Outpatient of Endocrinology Department. Participants: Forty-one parents of children and adolescents with Type-1 diabetes Main Outcome Measure: Ways of coping checklist (WCC), involvement evaluation questionnaire (IEQ) and scale for assessment of positive aspects of caregiving experience (scale for positive aspects of caregiving experience) to study the coping, burden and positive aspects of caregiving respectively. Results: On WCC, the highest score was obtained for seeking social support, followed by planful problem-solving. More frequent use of coping strategies of confrontation and escape-avoidance was associated with significantly higher score on the tension domain of IEQ. Those who more frequently used problem-solving and distancing had significantly higher scores on worrying-urging-I domain of IEQ. supervision domain of IEQ was associated with more frequent use of confrontation, self-control, social support, escape-avoidance and positive reappraisal. More frequent use of distancing and problem-solving were associated with lower caregiving personal gains. More frequent use of problem-solving was associated with higher caregiver satisfaction and lower scores in the domain of self-esteem and social aspects of caring. Conclusion: Caregivers of patients with Type-1 diabetes predominantly use adaptive coping strategies. Higher use of certain coping strategies is associated with negative and positive caregiving consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Grover
- Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sanjay Bhadada
- Department of Endocrinology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Natasha Kate
- Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Siddharth Sarkar
- Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Anil Bhansali
- Department of Endocrinology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Ajit Avasthi
- Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Sunil Sharma
- Department of Psychiatry, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Rashi Goel
- Department of Endocrinology, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Freckleton E, Sharpe L, Mullan B. The relationship between maternal fear of hypoglycaemia and adherence in children with type-1 diabetes. Int J Behav Med 2015; 21:804-10. [PMID: 24190791 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-013-9360-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regular blood glucose monitoring is important for children with type-1 diabetes; however, the relationship between maternal fear of hypoglycaemia and glycaemic control is not well understood. PURPOSE The relationship between maternal beliefs about diabetes, concerns about glycaemic control and adherence to recommended blood glucose levels in young children with type-1 diabetes were examined in this study. METHOD Seventy-one mothers with children under 13 were recruited, and a prospective design was used. Demographics, maternal self-reported hypoglycaemic fear and illness perceptions were measured at baseline. Self-report daily blood sugar levels were recorded over 1 week, and glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c) blood glucose levels were collected at baseline and 3 months later. RESULTS High maternal fears of hypoglycaemia were predictive of suboptimal daily glycaemic control (elevated blood glucose levels), irrespective of illness duration or age at diagnosis. CONCLUSION The results suggest that mothers who worry most about hypoglycaemia compensate by maintaining their child's blood glucose levels above recommended levels. Elevated blood glucose levels have important consequences for long-term health, and further research could explore ways to target maternal fear of hypoglycaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evril Freckleton
- School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, 2006, Australia,
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Hanna KM, Stupiansky NW, Weaver MT, Slaven JE, Stump TE. Alcohol use trajectories after high school graduation among emerging adults with type 1 diabetes. J Adolesc Health 2014; 55:201-8. [PMID: 24661736 PMCID: PMC4108540 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2014.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Revised: 02/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore alcohol involvement trajectories and associated factors during the year post-high school (HS) graduation among emerging adults with type 1 diabetes. METHODS Youth (N = 181) self-reported alcohol use at baseline and every 3 months for 1 year post-HS graduation. Data were also collected on parent-youth conflict, diabetes self-efficacy, major life events, living and educational situations, diabetes management, marijuana use, cigarette smoking, and glycemic control. Trajectories of alcohol use were modeled using latent class growth analysis. Associations between trajectory class and specific salient variables were examined using analysis of variance, chi square, or generalized linear mixed model, as appropriate. RESULTS Identified alcohol involvement trajectory classes were labeled as (1) consistent involvement group (n = 25, 13.8%) with stable, high use relative to other groups over the 12 months; (2) growing involvement group (n = 55, 30.4%) with increasing use throughout the 12 months; and (3) minimal involvement group (n = 101, 55.8%) with essentially no involvement until the ninth month. Those with minimal involvement had the best diabetes management and better diabetes self-efficacy than those with consistent involvement. In comparison with those minimally involved, those with growing involvement were more likely to live independently of parents; those consistently involved had more major life events; and both the growing and consistent involvement groups were more likely to have tried marijuana and cigarettes. CONCLUSIONS This sample of emerging adults with type 1 diabetes has three unique patterns of alcohol use during the first year after HS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M Hanna
- Science of Nursing Care Department, Indiana University School of Nursing, Indianapolis, Indiana.
| | - Nathan W Stupiansky
- Department of Pediatrics, Adolescent Section, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Michael T Weaver
- Science of Nursing Care Department, Indiana University School of Nursing, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - James E Slaven
- Department of Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Timothy E Stump
- Department of Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
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Naughton MJ, Yi-Frazier JP, Morgan TM, Seid M, Lawrence JM, Klingensmith GJ, Waitzfelder B, Standiford DA, Loots B. Longitudinal associations between sex, diabetes self-care, and health-related quality of life among youth with type 1 or type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Pediatr 2014; 164:1376-83.e1. [PMID: 24582483 PMCID: PMC4500167 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2014.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the longitudinal associations between sex, diabetes self-care, and the health-related quality of life (HRQL) of children and adolescents with type 1 or type 2 diabetes. STUDY DESIGN The sample included 910 participants with type 1 and 241 participants with type 2, ages 10-22 years at baseline, from the SEARCH for Diabetes in Youth Study, a longitudinal observational study. The primary outcome measure was the Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory. Repeated measures, mixed-model regression analysis was conducted with the use of data from baseline and at least one follow-up assessment, spanning approximately 4 years. RESULTS HRQL was greater among those with type 1 versus type 2 diabetes. Among participants with type 1, greater (better) Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory total scores over time were related to greater parent education (P = .0007), lower glycated hemoglobin values (P < .0001), and greater physical activity during the past 7 days (P = .0001). There was a significant interaction between sex and age (P < .0001); girls' HRQL remained stable or decreased over time, whereas males' HRQL increased. For participants with type 2 diabetes, there was no significant interaction by age and sex, but lower total HRQL was related to being female (P = .011) and greater body mass index z-scores (P = .014). CONCLUSIONS HRQL in this cohort varied by diabetes type. The interaction between sex and age for type 1 participants, coupled with poorer HRQL among female than male participants with type 2 diabetes, suggests the impacts of diabetes on HRQL differ by sex and should be considered in clinical management. Encouraging physical activity and weight control continue to be important in improving HRQL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle J. Naughton
- Wake Forest Medical School, Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Joyce P. Yi-Frazier
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Michael Seid
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Jean M. Lawrence
- Department of Research & Evaluation, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA
| | | | - Beth Waitzfelder
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research Hawaii, Honolulu, HI
| | - Debra A. Standiford
- Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Division of Endocrinology, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Beth Loots
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Endocrinology, Seattle, WA
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Hanna KM, Weaver MT, Stump TE, Guthrie D, Oruche UM. Emerging Adults with Type 1 Diabetes during the First Year Post-High School: Perceptions of Parental Behaviors. EMERGING ADULTHOOD (PRINT) 2014; 2:128-137. [PMID: 25019036 PMCID: PMC4091844 DOI: 10.1177/2167696813512621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Among 182 emerging adults with type 1 diabetes (93% White and 57% female), changes during the year post-high school were examined in perceptions of diabetes-specific conflict with parents, parent-youth shared responsibility, parental tangible aid, and parental autonomy support, as well as the moderating effects of living situation, gender, years with diabetes, and glycemic control. A linear mixed effects model, controlling for baseline values, tested the changes in and relationships among these variables over time. Changes over time in parent-youth conflict were moderated by living independently of parents; autonomy support and shared responsibility were moderated by years with diabetes; and tangible aid was moderated by glycemic control. Future longitudinal research needs to examine whether changes in parental behaviors lead to positive or negative diabetes outcomes among these emerging adults with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Timothy E Stump
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Biostatistics
| | - Diana Guthrie
- Professor Emeritus University of Kansas School of Medicine - Wichita
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Wu YP, Hilliard ME, Rausch J, Dolan LM, Hood KK. Family involvement with the diabetes regimen in young people: the role of adolescent depressive symptoms. Diabet Med 2013; 30:596-602. [PMID: 23320523 PMCID: PMC4465388 DOI: 10.1111/dme.12117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/10/2013] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
AIMS In young people with Type 1 diabetes, depressive symptoms and shared responsibility for management of diabetes impact upon diabetes management and control. However, the simultaneous effects of both depressive symptoms and parental involvement on diabetes self-care and glycaemic control have not been examined. Thus, the aim of the current study was to examine the relationships between parental involvement and adolescent depressive symptoms in predicting blood glucose monitoring and glycaemic control. METHODS One hundred and fifty young people with Type 1 diabetes (mean age 15.3 years) and their parents completed responsibility sharing and depressive symptom assessments, meter assessment of blood glucose monitoring and HbA(1c) at baseline and then 6, 12 and 18 months. RESULTS Parental involvement affected HbA1c through blood glucose monitoring only at low levels of adolescent depressive symptoms (score ≤ 6), which made up only 20% of the sample. In the presence of more depressive symptoms, parental involvement no longer was related to HbA1c through blood glucose monitoring. This was the relationship in the majority of the sample (80%). CONCLUSIONS While most young people in this sample are not showing evidence of high levels of depressive symptoms, even modest levels of distress interfere with parental involvement in diabetes management. By addressing adolescent depressive symptoms, interventions promoting parental involvement in these families may be more effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y P Wu
- Center for Adherence Promotion and Self-Management, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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Céspedes-Knadle YM, Muñoz CE. Development of a Group Intervention for Teens With Type 1 Diabetes. JOURNAL FOR SPECIALISTS IN GROUP WORK 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/01933922.2011.613898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Psychological impact of type-1 diabetes mellitus on parents: an exploratory study from North India. Int J Diabetes Dev Ctries 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s13410-011-0040-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
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Psychosocial problems in adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus. DIABETES & METABOLISM 2009; 35:339-50. [PMID: 19700362 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabet.2009.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2008] [Revised: 05/11/2009] [Accepted: 05/11/2009] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Adolescents with diabetes are at increased risk of developing psychiatric (10-20%) or eating disorders (8-30%), as well as substance abuse (25-50%), leading to non-compliance with treatment and deterioration of diabetic control. At high risk are female adolescents with family problems and other comorbid disorders. Impaired cognitive function has also been reported among children with diabetes, mainly in boys, and especially in those with early diabetes diagnosis (< 5 years), or with episodes of severe hypoglycaemia or prolonged hyperglycaemia. Type 1 diabetes mellitus contributes to the development of problems in parent-child relationships and employment difficulties, and negatively affects the quality of life. However, insulin pumps appear to improve patients' metabolic control and lifestyle. The contributions of family and friends to the quality of metabolic control and emotional support are also crucial. In addition, the role of the primary-care provider is important in identifying patients at high risk of developing psychosocial disorders and referring them on to health specialists. At high risk are patients in mid-adolescence with comorbid disorders, low socioeconomic status or parental health problems. Multisystem therapy, involving the medical team, school personnel, family and peer group, is also essential. The present review focuses on the prevalence of nutritional and psychosocial problems among adolescents with diabetes, and the risk factors for its development, and emphasizes specific goals in their management and prevention.
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Lewin AB, LaGreca AM, Geffken GR, Williams LB, Duke DC, Storch EA, Silverstein JH. Validity and reliability of an adolescent and parent rating scale of type 1 diabetes adherence behaviors: the Self-Care Inventory (SCI). J Pediatr Psychol 2009; 34:999-1007. [PMID: 19423660 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsp032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Accurate assessment of diabetes regimen adherence behaviors in youth is a challenging endeavor and is limited by a paucity of empirically supported measures. The purpose of this research is to further demonstrate the validity and reliability of the Self-Care Inventory (SCI), a youth and parent report measure of adherence with diabetes self-care behaviors. The SCI was chosen given its ease of implementation, applicability to multiple diabetes regimens, and dual parent/youth formats. METHODS Participants were 164 youth with type 1 diabetes and a parent. Measures were administered at regular office visits to a tertiary care diabetes clinic. RESULTS The SCI has strong psychometric properties, including adequate internal consistency, parent-youth agreement, and test-retest agreement. Relations between the SCI and a structured interview of diabetes adherence (the Diabetes Self-Management Profile; DSMP) and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) were strong. CONCLUSIONS In addition to demonstrating strong psychometrics, this research provides independent support for the SCI. Thus, the SCI is consistent with recent criteria proposed by Quittner et al. (Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 33, 916-936) for an empirically supported measure of regimen adherence. Although other methods of accessing adherence may provide more comprehensive assessments, the brevity, ease-of-implementation, and robustness for multiple regimens makes the SCI an ideal tool for clinicians and researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam B Lewin
- Department of Psychiatry & Biobehavioral Sciences, UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA.
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Wysocki T, Nansel TR, Holmbeck GN, Chen R, Laffel L, Anderson BJ, Weissberg-Benchell J. Collaborative involvement of primary and secondary caregivers: associations with youths' diabetes outcomes. J Pediatr Psychol 2008; 34:869-81. [PMID: 19112077 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsn136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Collaboration between youths with type 1 diabetes (T1D) and their adult caregivers may be central to effective management of T1D. This article includes analysis of cross-sectional associations between T1D outcomes (adherence, glycemic control, quality of life, family conflict, depression, and self-efficacy) and scores on the Collaborative Parent Involvement (CPI) Scale obtained from 309 youths with T1D about their primary and secondary caregivers. METHODS MANCOVA, controlling for age, evaluated associations of diabetes outcomes with youths' CPI scores for each caregiver. RESULTS Diabetes outcomes were poor when both caregivers obtained CPI scores below the median. Diabetes outcomes were more strongly associated with CPI scores of primary, rather than secondary, caregivers. CPI scores at or above the median among primary caregivers were associated with more favorable status on multiple youth outcomes. When both caregivers obtained CPI scores at or above the median, children had significantly lower HbA1C and parents retained more responsibility for diabetes care. CONCLUSIONS Higher collaborative involvement, particularly among primary caregivers, was associated with favorable status along a variety of diabetes outcomes. Longitudinal studies could confirm if youth-parent collaboration is a justifiable intervention target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim Wysocki
- Nemours Children's Clinic, Jacksonville, FL 32207, USA.
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Eapen V, Mabrouk A, Bin-Othman S. Attitudes, perceptions, and family coping in pediatric cancer and childhood diabetes. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2008; 1138:47-9. [PMID: 18837882 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1414.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The importance of psychosocial factors in psychological adjustment and coping in children with cancer and their families is well recognized. In this study, parental attitudes, children's self-perceptions, and families' coping were studied in 38 children with leukemia, 30 children with juvenile diabetes, and 30 control subjects. Children with cancer scored themselves more negatively than their parents on all the subscales except scholastic competence, while children with diabetes scored negatively in the area of athletic competence. With regard to family coping, parental hope as well as social and family communication were the most important factors that contributed to better coping in children with leukemia, while parental education and health awareness were integral to better coping in children with diabetes. Awareness of family coping and understanding the domains of self-competence and self-worth, which are vulnerable in children with cancer, can help healthcare providers to target these issues and to offer appropriate psychosocial intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valsamma Eapen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
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Thorpe CT, Lewis MA, Sterba KR. Reactions to health-related social control in young adults with type 1 diabetes. J Behav Med 2008; 31:93-103. [PMID: 17701335 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-007-9125-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2006] [Accepted: 04/13/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Health-related social control refers to individuals' attempts to influence another's health behavior. We describe social control experienced by 109 adults aged 18-35 with Type 1 diabetes, and examine the influence of different types of social control on behavioral and psychological outcomes. Using a self-administered questionnaire, telephone interview, and chart review, we assessed individuals' social control experiences, behavioral and psychological reactions, psychological adjustment, metabolic control, socio-demographics, and clinical factors at baseline, and psychological adjustment and metabolic control at 6-months follow-up. Most participants (85%) reported experiencing social control. Regression analyses revealed that more frequent negative control predicted less behavior change and more negative cognitive reactions concurrently, and decreases in psychological adjustment over time. More frequent reinforcement/modeling and structural changes predicted more positive emotional reactions, but were not associated with behavior change, psychological adjustment, or metabolic control. Use of direct persuasion was associated with more pretending of behavior change. These results suggest that negative social control attempts by social network members may be counter-productive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn T Thorpe
- Center for Health Services Research in Primary Care, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 2424 Erwin Road, Hock Plaza, Suite 1105, P.O. Box 2720, Durham, NC 27705, USA.
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Eapen V, Mabrouk AA, Sabri S, Bin-Othman S. A controlled study of psychosocial factors in young people with diabetes in the United arab emirates. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2007; 1084:325-8. [PMID: 17151312 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1372.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Psychosocial factors were studied in 30 young people with diabetes and 30 control subjects in the UAE. Patients perceived themselves more negatively than their parents on several domains. Also, they had lower scores in the areas of physical appearance and athletic competence when compared to control subjects. There were significant gender differences, with girls perceiving themselves more negatively. Better maternal education and availability of social support were associated with a positive self-image in the child. Parents of children exhibiting behavioral/emotional problems had a higher score on the parental General Health Questionnaire. Awareness and understanding of these psychosocial variables can help healthcare providers to target these issues as part of comprehensive diabetes management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valsamma Eapen
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UAE University, PO Box 17666, Al Ain, UAE.
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