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Ramírez Idarraga JA, Restrepo Múnera LM. Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Their Role in the Tumor Microenvironment. TISSUE ENGINEERING. PART B, REVIEWS 2023; 29:681-691. [PMID: 37276173 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2023.0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been seen for years as great candidates for treating different diseases and an alternative to embryonic stem cells due to their differentiation capacity in vitro. More recent research has focused on their ability to modulate the immune response and regeneration at sites associated with inflammation, activities attributable to the release of trophic factors into the extracellular medium, a set of components known as the secretome. It has been possible to demonstrate the presence of these cells within the tumor microenvironment, which is associated with their tropism for sites of inflammation; however, their role here needs to be clarified. In different investigations, the feasibility of using MSCs or their secretome to treat cancer has been sought, with these results being ambiguous. It has been described that MSCs can be activated and present various phenotypes, which could explain the divergence in their action; however, these activation mechanisms and the different phenotypes still need to be well known. This review explores MSCs and their use in regenerative medicine with a targeted approach to cancer. Impact Statement This text addresses the diverging findings on the role of mesenchymal stem cells in the tumor microenvironment and discrepancies on the use of these cells as cancer treatment, separating the direct use of the cells from the use of the secretome. Multiple authors refer equally to the cells and their secretome to conclude on the positive or negative outcome, without taking into consideration how the cells are affected by their surroundings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhon Alexander Ramírez Idarraga
- Corporación Académica Ciencias Básicas Biomédicas, Universidad de Antioquía, Medellín, Colombia
- Grupo Ingeniería de Tejidos y Terapias Celulares, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas, Universidad de Antioquía, Medellín, Colombia
| | - Luz Marina Restrepo Múnera
- Grupo Ingeniería de Tejidos y Terapias Celulares, Instituto de Investigaciones Médicas, Universidad de Antioquía, Medellín, Colombia
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Banerjee SM, Acedo P, El Sheikh S, Harati R, Meecham A, Williams NR, Gerard G, Keshtgar MRS, MacRobert AJ, Hamoudi R. Combination of verteporfin-photodynamic therapy with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine enhances the anti-tumour immune response in triple negative breast cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1188087. [PMID: 38022682 PMCID: PMC10664979 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1188087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of breast cancer characterised by its high tumourigenic, invasive, and immunosuppressive nature. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a focal therapy that uses light to activate a photosensitizing agent and induce a cytotoxic effect. 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-ADC) is a clinically approved immunomodulatory chemotherapy agent. The mechanism of the combination therapy using PDT and 5-ADC in evoking an anti-tumour response is not fully understood. Methods The present study examined whether a single dose of 5-ADC enhances the cytotoxic and anti-tumour immune effect of low dose PDT with verteporfin as the photosensitiser in a TNBC orthotopic syngeneic murine model, using the triple negative murine mammary tumour cell line 4T1. Histopathology analysis, digital pathology and immunohistochemistry of treated tumours and distant sites were assessed. Flow cytometry of splenic and breast tissue was used to identify T cell populations. Bioinformatics were used to identify tumour immune microenvironments related to TNBC patients. Results Functional experiments showed that PDT was most effective when used in combination with 5-ADC to optimize its efficacy. 5-ADC/PDT combination therapy elicited a synergistic effect in vitro and was significantly more cytotoxic than monotherapies on 4T1 tumour cells. For tumour therapy, all types of treatments demonstrated histopathologically defined margins of necrosis, increased T cell expression in the spleen with absence of metastases or distant tissue destruction. Flow cytometry and digital pathology results showed significant increases in CD8 expressing cells with all treatments, whereas only the 5-ADC/PDT combination therapy showed increase in CD4 expression. Bioinformatics analysis of in silico publicly available TNBC data identified BCL3 and BCL2 as well as the following anti-tumour immune response biomarkers as significantly altered in TNBC compared to other breast cancer subtypes: GZMA, PRF1, CXCL1, CCL2, CCL4, and CCL5. Interestingly, molecular biomarker assays showed increase in anti-tumour response genes after treatment. The results showed concomitant increase in BCL3, with decrease in BCL2 expression in TNBC treatment. In addition, the treatments showed decrease in PRF1, CCL2, CCL4, and CCL5 genes with 5-ADC and 5-ADC/PDT treatment in both spleen and breast tissue, with the latter showing the most decrease. Discussion To our knowledge, this is the first study that shows which of the innate and adaptive immune biomarkers are activated during PDT related treatment of the TNBC 4T1 mouse models. The results also indicate that some of the immune response biomarkers can be used to monitor the effectiveness of PDT treatment in TNBC murine model warranting further investigation in human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shramana M. Banerjee
- Breast Unit, Royal Free London National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Pilar Acedo
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Institute for Liver and Digestive Health, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Soha El Sheikh
- University College London (UCL) Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rania Harati
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Amelia Meecham
- University College London (UCL) Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Norman R. Williams
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gareth Gerard
- University College London (UCL) Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammed R. S. Keshtgar
- Breast Unit, Royal Free London National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alexander J. MacRobert
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Rifat Hamoudi
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
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Niknam MR, Attari F. The Potential Applications of Stem Cells for Cancer Treatment. Curr Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 17:26-42. [DOI: 10.2174/1574888x16666210810100858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
:
Scientists encounter many obstacles in traditional cancer therapies, including the side effects
on the healthy cells, drug resistance, tumor relapse, the short half-life of employed drugs in
the blood circulation, and the improper delivery of drugs toward the tumor site. The unique traits of
stem cells (SCs) such as self-renewal, differentiation, tumor tropism, the release of bioactive
molecules, and immunosuppression have opened a new window for utilizing SCs as a novel tool in
cancer treatment. In this regard, engineered SCs can secrete anti-cancer proteins or express enzymes
used in suicide gene therapy which locally induce apoptosis in neoplastic cells via the bystander
effect. These cells also stand as proper candidates to serve as careers for drug-loaded nanoparticles
or to play suitable hosts for oncolytic viruses. Moreover, they harbor great potential to be
employed in immunotherapy and combination therapy. However, tactful strategies should be devised
to allow easier transplantation and protection of SCs from in vivo immune responses. In spite
of the great hope concerning SCs application in cancer therapy, there are shortcomings and challenges
to be addressed. This review tends to elaborate on recent advances on the various applications
of SCs in cancer therapy and existing challenges in this regard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malikeh Rad Niknam
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farnoosh Attari
- Department of Animal Biology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Optimization of 5-aminolevulinic acid-based photodynamic therapy protocol for breast cancer cells. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2020; 31:101854. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2020.101854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Noh MH, Lim HG, Park S, Seo SW, Jung GY. Precise flux redistribution to glyoxylate cycle for 5-aminolevulinic acid production in Escherichia coli. Metab Eng 2017; 43:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ymben.2017.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Revised: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Nwabo Kamdje AH, Kamga PT, Simo RT, Vecchio L, Seke Etet PF, Muller JM, Bassi G, Lukong E, Goel RK, Amvene JM, Krampera M. Mesenchymal stromal cells' role in tumor microenvironment: involvement of signaling pathways. Cancer Biol Med 2017; 14:129-141. [PMID: 28607804 PMCID: PMC5444925 DOI: 10.20892/j.issn.2095-3941.2016.0033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are adult multipotent stem cells residing as pericytes in various tissues and organs where they can differentiate into specialized cells to replace dying cells and damaged tissues. These cells are commonly found at injury sites and in tumors that are known to behave like " wounds that do not heal." In this article, we discuss the mechanisms of MSCs in migrating, homing, and repairing injured tissues. We also review a number of reports showing that tumor microenvironment triggers plasticity mechanisms in MSCs to induce malignant neoplastic tissue formation, maintenance, and chemoresistance, as well as tumor growth. The antitumor properties and therapeutic potential of MSCs are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul Takam Kamga
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere 454, Cameroon
| | - Richard Tagne Simo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere 454, Cameroon
| | - Lorella Vecchio
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere 454, Cameroon
| | | | - Jean Marc Muller
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere 454, Cameroon
| | - Giulio Bassi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere 454, Cameroon
| | - Erique Lukong
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere 454, Cameroon
| | - Raghuveera Kumar Goel
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere 454, Cameroon
| | - Jeremie Mbo Amvene
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere 454, Cameroon
| | - Mauro Krampera
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ngaoundere, Ngaoundere 454, Cameroon
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Li T, Guo YY, Qiao GQ, Chen GQ. Microbial Synthesis of 5-Aminolevulinic Acid and Its Coproduction with Polyhydroxybutyrate. ACS Synth Biol 2016; 5:1264-1274. [PMID: 27238205 DOI: 10.1021/acssynbio.6b00105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
5-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA), an important cell metabolic intermediate useful for cancer treatments or plant growth regulator, was produced by recombinant Escherichia coli expressing the codon optimized mitochondrial 5-aminolevulinic acid synthase (EC: 2.3.1.37, hem1) from Saccharomyces cerevisiae controlled via the plasmid encoding T7 expression system with a T7 RNA polymerase. When a more efficient autoinduced expression approach free of IPTG was applied, the recombinant containing antibiotic-free stabilized plasmid was able to produce 3.6 g/L extracellular ALA in shake flask studies under optimized temperature. A recombinant E. coli expressing synthesis pathways of poly-3-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) and ALA resulted in coproduction of 43% PHB in the cell dry weights and 1.6 g/L extracellular ALA, leading to further reduction on ALA cost as two products were harvested both intracellularly and extracellularly. This was the first study on coproduction of extracellular ALA and intracellular PHB for improving bioprocessing efficiency. The cost of ALA production could be further reduced by employing a Halomonas spp. TD01 able to grow and produce ALA and PHB under continuous and unsterile conditions even though ALA had the highest titer of only 0.7 g/L at the present time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Li
- Peking-Tsinghua
Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Ying-Ying Guo
- Peking-Tsinghua
Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Center
for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Guan-Qing Qiao
- Peking-Tsinghua
Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Guo-Qiang Chen
- Peking-Tsinghua
Center for Life Sciences, School of Life Science, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Center
for Synthetic and Systems Biology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- MOE
Key Lab of Industrial Biocatalysis, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100081, China
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Banerjee SM, MacRobert AJ, Mosse CA, Periera B, Bown SG, Keshtgar MRS. Photodynamic therapy: Inception to application in breast cancer. Breast 2016; 31:105-113. [PMID: 27833041 DOI: 10.1016/j.breast.2016.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is already being used in the treatment of many cancers. This review examines its components and the new developments in our understanding of its immunological effects as well as pre-clinical and clinical studies, which have investigated its potential use in the treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Banerjee
- Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, UK
| | - A J MacRobert
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, UK
| | - C A Mosse
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, UK
| | - B Periera
- Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - S G Bown
- Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, UK
| | - M R S Keshtgar
- Royal Free London NHS Foundation Trust, UK; Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, UK.
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Kawczyk-Krupka A, Latos W, Latos M, Czuba ZP, Sieroń A. ALA-induced photodynamic effect on viability, apoptosis and secretion of S100 protein, secreted by colon cancer cells in vitro. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2016; 15:218-27. [PMID: 27469201 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2016.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND S100 protein is a proven prognostic factor in cancers. In colorectal cancers, its secretion correlates with clinical stage of the disease. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is used as a supporting therapy in treatment of this particular cancer. The main aim of our study was to estimate the effect of photodynamic therapy with 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA) in sublethal doses (ALA-PDT) on the secretion of S100 protein by colon cancer cells. METHODS Investigations were performed on two colon cancer cell lines. The SW480 cell line is a culture containing locally malignant cancer. The SW620 line is characterized by high metastatic activity. Each line was exposed to different concentrations of photosensitizer's precursor-ALA, and various level of light radiation. Afterwards, cell viability, using MTT and LDH assays and apoptosis of both lines was assessed. Then measurement of S100 protein concentration was performed using a 2-step enzyme immunoassay. RESULTS After application of ALA PDT the S100 protein concentration was reduced by 27% in SW480 cell line and by 30% in SW620 cell line. At the same time there has been no increase in the concentration of S100 protein in cells exposed to the light alone. It was demonstrated that the more aggressive line SW620 releases higher levels of S100 proteins in comparison with the line SW480. CONCLUSION The outcome of this study presented beneficial effect of ALA-PDT on persistent colon cancer cells. This therapy leads to decrease of S100 protein concentration in both colon cancer cell lines: SW480 and SW620.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Kawczyk-Krupka
- School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Department of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Center for Laser Diagnostics and Therapy, Batorego 15, 41-902, Bytom, Poland.
| | - Wojciech Latos
- Center for Laser Diagnostics and Therapy, Specialist Hospital No 2 Batorego 15, 41-902, Bytom, Poland
| | - Magdalena Latos
- School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice Department of Microbiology and Immunology, 19 Jordana St., 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Zenon P Czuba
- School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice Department of Microbiology and Immunology, 19 Jordana St., 41-808 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Aleksander Sieroń
- School of Medicine with the Division of Dentistry in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia in Katowice, Department of Internal Medicine, Angiology and Physical Medicine, Center for Laser Diagnostics and Therapy, Batorego 15, 41-902, Bytom, Poland
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Irradiation enhances susceptibility of tumor cells to the antitumor effects of TNF-α activated adipose derived mesenchymal stem cells in breast cancer model. Sci Rep 2016; 6:28433. [PMID: 27329316 PMCID: PMC4916474 DOI: 10.1038/srep28433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene modified or cytokine activated mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have been used as a treatment in various types of cancer. Moreover, irradiation is usually applied as either a standard primary or adjuvant therapy. Here, we showed that the expression of TNF related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) and Dickouf-3 (Dkk-3), the promising anticancer proteins, increased in murine adipose-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (AD-MSCs) following activation with TNF-α, resulting in the induction of apoptosis in cancer cells. Also, anticancer effects of TNF-α activated AD-MSCs were intensified with irradiation. In vivo results showed that TNF-α preactivated AD-MSCs combined with irradiation decreased tumor size and increased survival rate in tumor bearing mice. On the other hands, both TNF-α preactivated AD-MSCs with or without irradiation prevented metastasis in ling and liver, and increased apoptosis in tumor mass. Finally, flowcytometry assay demonstrated that naïve AD-MSCs combined with irradiation but not TNF-α activated MSCs with irradiation increased Treg population in lymph node and spleen. Altogether, obtained results suggest that TNF-α activated MSCs combined with irradiation therapy can serve as new strategy in breast cancer therapy.
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He SJ, Cao J, Li YS, Yang JC, Zhou M, Qu CY, Zhang Y, Shen F, Chen Y, Li MM, Xu LM. CdSe/ZnS quantum dots induce photodynamic effects and cytotoxicity in pancreatic cancer cells. World J Gastroenterol 2016; 22:5012-5022. [PMID: 27275093 PMCID: PMC4886376 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v22.i21.5012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate the photodynamic effect of CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) on pancreatic cancer cells and elucidate the probable mechanisms.
METHODS: The pancreatic cancer cell line SW1990 was treated with different concentrations of CdSe/ZnS QDs (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0, 2.5 μmol/L), with or without illumination. The viability of SW1990 cells was tested using the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay. The ultrastructural changes of SW1990 cells were observed by transmission electron microscopy. Apoptosis was detected by nuclear staining and flow cytometry (FCM). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were measured by dichlorofluorescein diacetate via fluorescence microscopy. Expression of Bax, Bcl-2 and caspase-3 was measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and protein immunoblotting 24 h after SW1990 cells were treated with CdSe/ZnS QDs and illuminated.
RESULTS: The CCK-8 assay results showed that both CdSe/ZnS QDs with and without illumination suppressed SW1990 cell proliferation. Cell viability was significantly lower when illuminated or with a longer incubation time and a higher light dose. CdSe/ZnS QDs with illumination caused ultrastructural changes in SW1990 cells, such as organelle degeneration and chromatin condensation and aggregation at the periphery of the nucleus. Fluorescence microscopy and FCM showed that CdSe/ZnS QDs (1.5 μmol/L) with illumination increased SW1990 cell apoptosis (53.2%) and ROS generation compared with no illumination. Real-time PCR showed that expression of Bax and caspase-3 was upregulated and Bcl-2 was downregulated. Immunoblotting results were consistent with real-time PCR results. Inhibition of ROS and apoptosis both attenuated QD-photodynamic-therapy-induced cell death.
CONCLUSION: CdSe/ZnS QDs can be used as a photosensitizer to inhibit SW1990 cell proliferation through ROS generation and apoptotic protein expression regulation.
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Mohammadpour H, Fekrazad R. Antitumor effect of combined Dkk-3 and 5-ALA mediated photodynamic therapy in breast cancer cell’s colony. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2016; 14:200-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2016.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Gabashvili AN, Baklaushev VP, Grinenko NF, Mel'nikov PA, Cherepanov SA, Levinsky AB, Chehonin VP. Antitumor Activity of Rat Mesenchymal Stem Cells during Direct or Indirect Co-Culturing with C6 Glioma Cells. Bull Exp Biol Med 2016; 160:519-24. [PMID: 26902362 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-016-3211-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The tumor-suppressive effect of rat mesenchymal stem cells against low-differentiated rat C6 glioma cells during their direct and indirect co-culturing and during culturing of C6 glioma cells in the medium conditioned by mesenchymal stem cells was studied in an in vitro experiment. The most pronounced antitumor activity of mesenchymal stem cells was observed during direct co-culturing with C6 glioma cells. The number of live C6 glioma cells during indirect co-culturing and during culturing in conditioned medium was slightly higher than during direct co-culturing, but significantly differed from the control (C6 glioma cells cultured in medium conditioned by C6 glioma cells). The cytotoxic effect of medium conditioned by mesenchymal stem cells was not related to medium depletion by glioma cells during their growth. The medium conditioned by other "non-stem" cells (rat astrocytes and fibroblasts) produced no tumor-suppressive effect. Rat mesenchymal stem cells, similar to rat C6 glioma cells express connexin 43, the main astroglial gap junction protein. During co-culturing, mesenchymal stem cells and glioma C6 cells formed functionally active gap junctions. Gap junction blockade with connexon inhibitor carbenoxolone attenuated the antitumor effect observed during direct co-culturing of C6 glioma cells and mesenchymal stem cells to the level produced by conditioned medium. Cell-cell signaling mediated by gap junctions can be a mechanism of the tumor-suppressive effect of mesenchymal stem cells against C6 glioma cells. This phenomenon can be used for the development of new methods of cell therapy for high-grade malignant gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Gabashvili
- Department of Medical Nanobiotechnologies, Medico-Biological Faculty, N. I. Pirogov National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia.
| | - V P Baklaushev
- Department of Medical Nanobiotechnologies, Medico-Biological Faculty, N. I. Pirogov National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia.,Federal Research-and-Clinical Center, Federal Medico-Biological Agency, Moscow, Russia
| | - N F Grinenko
- Department of Fundamental and Applied Neurobiology, V. P. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Center of Psychiatry and Narcology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - P A Mel'nikov
- Department of Medical Nanobiotechnologies, Medico-Biological Faculty, N. I. Pirogov National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - S A Cherepanov
- Department of Medical Nanobiotechnologies, Medico-Biological Faculty, N. I. Pirogov National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - A B Levinsky
- Department of Medical Nanobiotechnologies, Medico-Biological Faculty, N. I. Pirogov National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - V P Chehonin
- Department of Medical Nanobiotechnologies, Medico-Biological Faculty, N. I. Pirogov National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Fundamental and Applied Neurobiology, V. P. Serbsky Federal Medical Research Center of Psychiatry and Narcology, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
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