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Najari E, Zamani S, Sheikh Arabi M, Ardebili A. Antimicrobial photodynamic effect of the photosensitizer riboflavin, alone and in combination with colistin, against pandrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates. J Infect Chemother 2024:S1341-321X(24)00075-8. [PMID: 38432556 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2024.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 02/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Development of multi-, extensively-, and pandrug-resistant (MDR, XDR, and PDR) strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa remains a major problem in medical care. The present study evaluated the effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) as a monotherapy and in combination with colistin against P. aeruginosa isolates. METHODS Two P. aeruginosa isolates recovered from patients with respiratory tract infections were examined in this study. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of colistin was determined by the colistin broth disk elution (CBDE) and the reference broth microdilution (rBMD) methods. aPDT was performed using the photosensitizer (Ps) riboflavin at several concentrations and a light-emitting diode (LED) emitting blue light for different irradiation times with or without colistin at 1/2 × MIC concentration. RESULTS Both PA1 and PA2 isolates were identified as colistin-resistant P. aeruginosa with a MIC ≥4 μg/mL by the CBDE and MICs of 512 μg/mL and 256 μg/mL, respectively, by the rBMD. In aPDT, neither riboflavin nor LED light alone had antibacterial effects. The values of colony forming units per milliliter (CFU/mL) in both isolates were significantly reduced by LED + Ps treatments in a time-dependent manner (LED irradiation time) and dose-dependent manner (Ps concentration). In comparison with control, treatment with Ps (50 μM) + LED (120 s) and Ps (100 μM) + LED (120 s) resulted in 0.27 log10 CFU/mL and 0.43 log10 CFU/mL reductions in PA1, and 0.28 log10 CFU/mL and 0.34 log10 CFU/mL reductions in PA2, respectively, (P < 0.01). The best results were obtained after the combination of aPDT followed by colistin, which increased bacterial reduction, resulting in a 0.41-0.7 log10 CFU/mL reduction for PA1 and 0.35-0.83 log10 CFU/mL reduction for PA2 (P = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS This study suggests the potential implications of aPDT in combination with antibiotics, such as colistin for treatment of difficult-to-treat P. aeruginosa infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Najari
- Laboratory Sciences Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
| | - Samin Zamani
- Laboratory Sciences Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Sheikh Arabi
- Medical Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
| | - Abdollah Ardebili
- Laboratory Sciences Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran.
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Banks JM, Capistrano KJ, Brandini DA, Zaidi F, Thakkar P, Rahat R, Schwartz J, Naqvi AR. Herpesviruses and SARS-CoV-2: Viral Association with Oral Inflammatory Diseases. Pathogens 2024; 13:58. [PMID: 38251365 PMCID: PMC10819702 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens13010058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
The oral cavity is a niche for diverse microbes, including viruses. Members of the Herpesviridae family, comprised of dsDNA viruses, as well as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), an ssRNA virus, are among the most prevalent viruses infecting the oral cavity, and they exhibit clinical manifestations unique to oral tissues. Viral infection of oral mucosal epithelia triggers an immune response that results in prolonged inflammation. The clinical and systemic disease manifestations of HHV have been researched extensively, and several recent studies have illuminated the relationship between HHV and oral inflammatory diseases. Burgeoning evidence suggests the oral manifestation of SARS-CoV-2 infection includes xerostomia, dysgeusia, periodontal disease, mucositis, and opportunistic viral and bacterial infections, collectively described as oral post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC). These diverse sequelae could be a result of intensified immune responses initially due to the copious production of proinflammatory cytokines: the so-called "cytokine storm syndrome", facilitating widespread oral and non-oral tissue damage. This review explores the interplay between HHV, SARS-CoV-2, and oral inflammatory diseases such as periodontitis, endodontic disease, and peri-implantitis. Additionally, the review discusses proper diagnostic techniques for identifying viral infection and how viral diagnostics can lead to improved overall patient health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M. Banks
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (J.M.B.); (K.J.C.); (F.Z.); (P.T.); (R.R.)
| | - Kristelle J. Capistrano
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (J.M.B.); (K.J.C.); (F.Z.); (P.T.); (R.R.)
| | - Daniela A. Brandini
- Department of Diagnosis and Surgery, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araçatuba 16015-050, SP, Brazil;
| | - Filza Zaidi
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (J.M.B.); (K.J.C.); (F.Z.); (P.T.); (R.R.)
| | - Pari Thakkar
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (J.M.B.); (K.J.C.); (F.Z.); (P.T.); (R.R.)
| | - Rani Rahat
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (J.M.B.); (K.J.C.); (F.Z.); (P.T.); (R.R.)
| | - Joel Schwartz
- Department of Oral Medicine and Diagnostics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA;
| | - Afsar R. Naqvi
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (J.M.B.); (K.J.C.); (F.Z.); (P.T.); (R.R.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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Kumar S. The Overview of Potential Antiviral Bioactive Compounds in Poxviruses. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2024; 1451:331-336. [PMID: 38801588 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-57165-7_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
Poxviruses belong to the family of double-stranded DNA viruses, and it is pathogenic for humans and spread worldwide. These viruses cause infections and various diseases in human. So, it is required to develop new drugs for the treatment of smallpox or other poxvirus infections. Very few potential compounds for the treatment of poxvirus such as smallpox, chickenpox, and monkeypox have been reported. Most of the compounds has used as vaccines. Cidofovir is most commonly used as a vaccine for the treatment of poxviruses. There are no phytochemicals reported for the treatment of poxviruses. Very few phytochemicals are under investigation for the treatment of poxviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunil Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Sant Kavi Baba Baijnath Government P.G. College Harakh, Barabanki (UP), 225121, India.
- Dr. Rammanohar Lohia Avadh University, Ayodhya, Uttar Pradesh, 224001, India.
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Kovalenko I, Kholina E, Fedorov V, Khruschev S, Vasyuchenko E, Meerovich G, Strakhovskaya M. Interaction of Methylene Blue with Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Envelope Revealed by Molecular Modeling. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15909. [PMID: 37958892 PMCID: PMC10650479 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Methylene blue has multiple antiviral properties against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-related Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). The ability of methylene blue to inhibit different stages of the virus life cycle, both in light-independent and photodynamic processes, is used in clinical practice. At the same time, the molecular aspects of the interactions of methylene blue with molecular components of coronaviruses are not fully understood. Here, we use Brownian dynamics to identify methylene blue binding sites on the SARS-CoV-2 envelope. The local lipid and protein composition of the coronavirus envelope plays a crucial role in the binding of this cationic dye. Viral structures targeted by methylene blue include the S and E proteins and negatively charged lipids. We compare the obtained results with known experimental data on the antiviral effects of methylene blue to elucidate the molecular basis of its activity against coronaviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilya Kovalenko
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia; (I.K.); (E.K.); (V.F.); (S.K.); (E.V.)
- Scientific and Educational Mathematical Center «Sofia Kovalevskaya Northwestern Center for Mathematical Research», Pskov State University, Pskov 180000, Russia
| | - Ekaterina Kholina
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia; (I.K.); (E.K.); (V.F.); (S.K.); (E.V.)
| | - Vladimir Fedorov
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia; (I.K.); (E.K.); (V.F.); (S.K.); (E.V.)
| | - Sergei Khruschev
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia; (I.K.); (E.K.); (V.F.); (S.K.); (E.V.)
| | - Ekaterina Vasyuchenko
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia; (I.K.); (E.K.); (V.F.); (S.K.); (E.V.)
| | - Gennady Meerovich
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 119991, Russia
- Institute for Physics and Engineering in Biomedicine, National Research Nuclear University “MEPHI”, Moscow 115409, Russia
| | - Marina Strakhovskaya
- Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow 119234, Russia; (I.K.); (E.K.); (V.F.); (S.K.); (E.V.)
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Sun Y, Chen YL, Xu CP, Gao J, Feng Y, Wu QF. Disinfection of influenza a viruses by Hypocrellin a-mediated photodynamic inactivation. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023; 43:103674. [PMID: 37364664 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Influenza A viruses can be transmitted indirectly by surviving on the surface of an object. Photodynamic inactivation (PDI) is a promising approach for disinfection of pathogens. METHODS PDI was generated using Hypocrellin A (HA) and red light emitting diode (625-635 nm, 280 W/m2). Effects of the HA-mediated PDI on influenza viruses H1N1 and H3N2 were evaluated by the reduction of viral titers compared to virus control. After selection of the HA concentrations and illumination times, the applicability of PDI was assessed on surgical masks. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) were determined using a 2'-7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate fluorescence probe. RESULTS In solution, 10 μM HA inactivated up to 5.11 ± 0.19 log10 TCID50 of H1N1 and 4.89 ± 0.38 log10 TCID50 of H3N2 by illumination for 5 and 30 min, respectively. When surgical masks were contaminated by virus before HA addition, PDI inactivated 99.99% (4.33 ± 0.34 log reduction) of H1N1 and 99.40% (2.22 ± 0.39 log reduction) of H3N2 under the selected condition. When the masks were pretreated with HA before virus addition, PDI decontaminated 99.92% (3.11 ± 0.19 log reduction) of H1N1 and 98.71% (1.89 ± 0.20 log reduction) of H3N2 virus. The fluorescence intensity of 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein in photoactivated HA was significantly higher than the cell control (P > 0.05), indicating that HA efficiently generated ROS. CONCLUSIONS HA-mediated PDI is effective for the disinfection of influenza viruses H1N1 and H3N2. The approach could be an alternative to decontaminating influenza A viruses on the surfaces of objects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Sun
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu-Lu Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chang-Ping Xu
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Detection and Etiological Research of Zhejiang Province, Department of Microbiology, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian Gao
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Detection and Etiological Research of Zhejiang Province, Department of Microbiology, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Public Health Detection and Etiological Research of Zhejiang Province, Department of Microbiology, Zhejiang Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Qiao-Feng Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Jurak I, Cokarić Brdovčak M, Djaković L, Bertović I, Knežević K, Lončarić M, Jurak Begonja A, Malatesti N. Photodynamic Inhibition of Herpes Simplex Virus 1 Infection by Tricationic Amphiphilic Porphyrin with a Long Alkyl Chain. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15030956. [PMID: 36986817 PMCID: PMC10058617 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15030956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is broadly used to treat different tumors, and it is a rapidly developing approach to inactivating or inhibiting the replication of fungi, bacteria, and viruses. Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) is an important human pathogen and a frequently used model to study the effects of PDT on enveloped viruses. Although many photosensitizers (PSs) have been tested for their antiviral properties, analyses are usually limited to assessing the reduction in viral yield, and thus the molecular mechanisms of photodynamic inactivation (PDI) remain poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the antiviral properties of TMPyP3-C17H35, a tricationic amphiphilic porphyrin-based PS with a long alkyl chain. We show that light-activated TMPyP3-C17H35 can efficiently block virus replication at certain nM concentrations without exerting obvious cytotoxicity. Moreover, we show that the levels of viral proteins (immediate-early, early, and late genes) were greatly reduced in cells treated with subtoxic concentrations of TMPyP3-C17H35, resulting in markedly decreased viral replication. Interestingly, we observed a strong inhibitory effect of TMPyP3-C17H35 on the virus yield only when cells were treated before or shortly after infection. In addition to the antiviral activity of the internalized compound, we show that the compound dramatically reduces the infectivity of free virus in the supernatant. Overall, our results demonstrate that activated TMPyP3-C17H35 effectively inhibits HSV-1 replication and that it can be further developed as a potential novel treatment and used as a model to study photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Jurak
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, HR-51000 Rijeka, Croatia
- Correspondence:
| | - Maja Cokarić Brdovčak
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, HR-51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Lara Djaković
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, HR-51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Ivana Bertović
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, HR-51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Klaudia Knežević
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, HR-51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Martin Lončarić
- Photonics and Quantum Optics Unit, Center of Excellence for Advanced Materials and Sensing Devices, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička Cesta 54, HR-10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Antonija Jurak Begonja
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, HR-51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Nela Malatesti
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, HR-51000 Rijeka, Croatia
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Piksa M, Lian C, Samuel IC, Pawlik KJ, Samuel IDW, Matczyszyn K. The role of the light source in antimicrobial photodynamic therapy. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:1697-1722. [PMID: 36779328 DOI: 10.1039/d0cs01051k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (APDT) is a promising approach to fight the growing problem of antimicrobial resistance that threatens health care, food security and agriculture. APDT uses light to excite a light-activated chemical (photosensitiser), leading to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Many APDT studies confirm its efficacy in vitro and in vivo against bacteria, fungi, viruses and parasites. However, the development of the field is focused on exploring potential targets and developing new photosensitisers. The role of light, a crucial element for ROS production, has been neglected. What are the main parameters essential for effective photosensitiser activation? Does an optimal light radiant exposure exist? And finally, which light source is best? Many reports have described the promising antibacterial effects of APDT in vitro, however, its application in vivo, especially in clinical settings remains very limited. The restricted availability may partially be due to a lack of standard conditions or protocols, arising from the diversity of selected photosensitising agents (PS), variable testing conditions including light sources used for PS activation and methods of measuring anti-bacterial activity and their effectiveness in treating bacterial infections. We thus sought to systematically review and examine the evidence from existing studies on APDT associated with the light source used. We show how the reduction of pathogens depends on the light source applied, radiant exposure and irradiance of light used, and type of pathogen, and so critically appraise the current state of development of APDT and areas to be addressed in future studies. We anticipate that further standardisation of the experimental conditions will help the field advance, and suggest key optical and biological parameters that should be reported in all APDT studies. More in vivo and clinical studies are needed and are expected to be facilitated by advances in light sources, leading to APDT becoming a sustainable, alternative therapeutic option for bacterial and other microbial infections in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Piksa
- Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Science, Weigla 12, 53-114, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Cheng Lian
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9SS, UK.
| | - Imogen C Samuel
- School of Medicine, University of Manchester, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
| | - Krzysztof J Pawlik
- Ludwik Hirszfeld Institute of Immunology and Experimental Therapy, Polish Academy of Science, Weigla 12, 53-114, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Ifor D W Samuel
- Organic Semiconductor Centre, SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, Fife, KY16 9SS, UK.
| | - Katarzyna Matczyszyn
- Institute of Advanced Materials, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Wyb. Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland.
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Martins LFB, de Sena LR, de Paula DM, Feitosa VP, Horliana ACRT, Fernandes KPS, Mesquita-Ferrari RA, Motta LJ, Gonçalves MLL, Bussadori SK. Investigation on the effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy as an adjunct for management of deep caries lesions-study protocol for a randomized, parallel groups, controlled clinical trial. Trials 2023; 24:165. [PMID: 36870982 PMCID: PMC9985277 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-023-07181-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alternatively to conventional treatments, chemo-mechanical caries removal agents can be used. A modality of treatment that has been increasing in dentistry is antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT). Bixa orellana is being researched for application in aPDT. This protocol aims to determine the effectiveness of aPDT with Bixa orellana extract in deep caries lesions. METHODS A total of 160 teeth with deep occlusal dental caries will be selected and divided into 4 groups: G1 - control group (Caries removal with a low-speed drill); G2 - Partial Caries Removal with Papacarie™ (Fórmula e Ação, São Paulo, SP, Brazil); G3 - Partial Caries Removal with Papacarie™ and application Bixa orellana extract (20%) (Fórmula e Ação, São Paulo, SP, Brazil); G4 - Partial Caries Removal with Papacarie™ and application Bixa orellana extract (20%) with LED (Valo Cordless Ultradent®, South Jordan, UT, USA) (aPDT). After treatment, all the teeth will be restored with glass ionomer cement and followed up clinically and radiographically, with evaluations at immediately, 1 week, and 1, 3, 6, and 12 months. Dentin samples before and after treatment will be analyzed microbiologically. The efficacy of treatments will be assessed with microbiological (colony-forming units, before and after carious tissue removal), radiographic (integrity of the periapical area and eventual changes in the radiolucent zones), and clinical examinations (retention of the restorative material in the cavity and occurrence of secondary caries), as well as with the time required for the procedures and the need for anesthesia during the procedures. In case data distribution is normal, analysis of variance (ANOVA) will be used for both the dependent and independent variables. In case the data distribution is not normal, the Friedman test will be used for the dependent variables. For independent variables, the Kruskal-Wallis test will be used. DISCUSSION Procedures using aPDT have been developed for the treatment of dental caries, but there are few controlled clinical trials in the literature confirming its efficacy. TRIAL REGISTRATION This protocol is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under the number NCT05236205 and it was first posted on 01/21/2022 and last updated on 05/10/2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Filipe Barbosa Martins
- Post Graduation Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Paulo Picanço School of Dentistry, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lara Jansiski Motta
- Post Graduation Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcela Leticia Leal Gonçalves
- Post Graduation Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.,Postgraduation Program in Health and Environment, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos, Santos, SP, Brazil
| | - Sandra Kalil Bussadori
- Post Graduation Program in Biophotonics Applied to Health Sciences, Universidade Nove de Julho, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Gholami L, Shahabi S, Jazaeri M, Hadilou M, Fekrazad R. Clinical applications of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy in dentistry. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1020995. [PMID: 36687594 PMCID: PMC9850114 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1020995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Given the emergence of resistant bacterial strains and novel microorganisms that globally threaten human life, moving toward new treatment modalities for microbial infections has become a priority more than ever. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has been introduced as a promising and non-invasive local and adjuvant treatment in several oral infectious diseases. Its efficacy for elimination of bacterial, fungal, and viral infections and key pathogens such as Streptococcus mutans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Candida albicans, and Enterococcus faecalis have been investigated by many invitro and clinical studies. Researchers have also investigated methods of increasing the efficacy of such treatment modalities by amazing developments in the production of natural, nano based, and targeted photosensitizers. As clinical studies have an important role in paving the way towards evidence-based applications in oral infection treatment by this method, the current review aimed to provide an overall view of potential clinical applications in this field and summarize the data of available randomized controlled clinical studies conducted on the applications of aPDT in dentistry and investigate its future horizons in the dental practice. Four databases including PubMed (Medline), Web of Science, Scopus and Embase were searched up to September 2022 to retrieve related clinical studies. There are several clinical studies reporting aPDT as an effective adjunctive treatment modality capable of reducing pathogenic bacterial loads in periodontal and peri-implant, and persistent endodontic infections. Clinical evidence also reveals a therapeutic potential for aPDT in prevention and reduction of cariogenic organisms and treatment of infections with fungal or viral origins, however, the number of randomized clinical studies in these groups are much less. Altogether, various photosensitizers have been used and it is still not possible to recommend specific irradiation parameters due to heterogenicity among studies. Reaching effective clinical protocols and parameters of this treatment is difficult and requires further high quality randomized controlled trials focusing on specific PS and irradiation parameters that have shown to have clinical efficacy and are able to reduce pathogenic bacterial loads with sufficient follow-up periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Gholami
- Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Shiva Shahabi
- Dental Implants Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Marzieh Jazaeri
- Dental Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mahdi Hadilou
- Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Fekrazad
- Radiation Sciences Research Center, Laser Research Center in Medical Sciences, AJA University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,International Network for Photo Medicine and Photo Dynamic Therapy (INPMPDT), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran,*Correspondence: Reza Fekrazad,
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10
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Praena B, Mascaraque M, Andreu S, Bello-Morales R, Abarca-Lachen E, Rapozzi V, Gilaberte Y, González S, López-Guerrero JA, Juarranz Á. Potent Virucidal Activity In Vitro of Photodynamic Therapy with Hypericum Extract as Photosensitizer and White Light against Human Coronavirus HCoV-229E. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14112364. [PMID: 36365182 PMCID: PMC9693429 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14112364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergent human coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and its high infectivity rate has highlighted the strong need for new virucidal treatments. In this sense, the use of photodynamic therapy (PDT) with white light, to take advantage of the sunlight, is a potent strategy for decreasing the virulence and pathogenicity of the virus. Here, we report the virucidal effect of PDT based on Hypericum extract (HE) in combination with white light, which exhibits an inhibitory activity of the human coronavirus HCoV-229E on hepatocarcinoma Huh-7 cells. Moreover, despite continuous exposure to white light, HE has long durability, being able to maintain the prevention of viral infection. Given its potent in vitro virucidal capacity, we propose HE in combination with white light as a promising candidate to fight against SARS-CoV-2 as a virucidal compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Praena
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Edificio de Biología, Darwin 2, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Mascaraque
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Edificio de Biología, Darwin 2, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigaciones Sanitarias, IRYCIS, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sabina Andreu
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Edificio de Biología, Darwin 2, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Bello-Morales
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Edificio de Biología, Darwin 2, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Edgar Abarca-Lachen
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad San Jorge, 50830 Villanueva de Gállego, Spain
| | | | - Yolanda Gilaberte
- Hospital Miguel Servet, Servicio de Dermatología, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Salvador González
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigaciones Sanitarias, IRYCIS, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Departamento de Medicina y Especialidades Médicas, Universidad de Alcalá, 28805 Madrid, Spain
| | - José Antonio López-Guerrero
- Departamento de Biología Molecular, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Edificio de Biología, Darwin 2, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, CSIC-UAM, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.A.L.-G.); (Á.J.)
| | - Ángeles Juarranz
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Edificio de Biología, Darwin 2, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigaciones Sanitarias, IRYCIS, 28040 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (J.A.L.-G.); (Á.J.)
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Is low-level laser therapy effective in the treatment of herpes labialis? Systematic review and meta-analysis. Lasers Med Sci 2022; 37:3393-3402. [PMID: 36214942 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-022-03653-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this systematic review is to evaluate the effectiveness of low-level laser therapy in the treatment of herpes labialis. The searches were carried out independently by 2 researchers and the articles were selected through the electronic databases according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria previously established. Initially, 480 articles were found, of which 7 randomized clinical trials and 1 clinical trial were selected. In total, 928 patients were included. In the meta-analysis, the mean healing time for laser use was significant, showing a mean reduction of 1.37 [CI 95% = 0.92 to 1.82] days for tissue healing (p < 0.0001). In the meta-analysis to evaluate the time for crust formation, there was no significant difference between the groups and no significant reduction in the mean time for crust formation (p = 0.150). Only one of the selected studies had a low risk of bias. The use of low-level laser proved to be effective in the treatment of herpes labialis. However, due to the high risk of bias in the included studies, there is a need to carry out new standardized studies to prove the effectiveness of this therapy.
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Khalil M, Hamadah O. Association of Photodynamic Therapy and Photobiomodulation As a Promising Treatment of Herpes Labialis: A Systematic Review. Photobiomodul Photomed Laser Surg 2022; 40:299-307. [DOI: 10.1089/photob.2021.0186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Khalil
- Department of Oral Medicine, Damascus University Faculty of Dentistry, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic
| | - Omar Hamadah
- Department of Oral Medicine, Damascus University Faculty of Dentistry, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic
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Eduardo FDP, Bezinelli LM, Gobbi MF, Bergamin LG, de Carvalho DLC, Corrêa L. Oral lesions and saliva alterations of COVID-19 patients in an intensive care unit: A retrospective study. SPECIAL CARE IN DENTISTRY 2022; 42:494-502. [PMID: 35239209 PMCID: PMC9115444 DOI: 10.1111/scd.12705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Aim To detect the type and frequency of oral lesions and clinical conditions suggestive of saliva alterations in COVID‐19 patients in an intensive care unit (ICU), as well as to describe the patient´s management in each case Methods Information about oral conditions and mechanical ventilation was collected from oral medicine records of COVID‐19 patients in an ICU (n = 519) Results From the total collected, 472 patients (90.9%) were examined by the oral medicine staff. In 242/472 patients (51.3%), alterations in the oral cavity were noted. The most frequent changes were mechanical trauma (18.1%, derived mainly from intubation), vascular/coagulation disturbances (24.1%, petechiae, bruises, varicoses, and oral bleeding), and saliva alterations (24.4%, dry mouth, and sialorrhea). Infectious lesions were mentioned in the oral medicine records (16.9%), most associated with a viral infection (15.7%), mainly herpesvirus. Improved oral change protocols included oral hygiene, use of specific medications, and laser therapy Conclusion COVID‐19 patients in the ICU often showed dryness in the oral and mucosa oral lesions related to vascular/coagulation disturbances, and mechanical trauma derived from orotracheal tube. An oral medicine staff must be aligned with the ICU multidisciplinary team to manage COVID‐19 patients, as well as to establish diagnoses and oral cavity treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Luciana Corrêa
- School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Ajmal M. Effectiveness of photodynamic therapy as an adjunct to topical antiviral therapy in the treatment of herpes labialis: A randomized controlled clinical trial. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2021; 34:102302. [PMID: 33894370 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present clinical trial assessed the effectiveness of photodynamic therapy in association with topical acyclovir in the treatment of herpes labialis in adolescent patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS 45 individuals with herpes labialis were divided into three groups on the basis of provision of treatment. (a) Group I: Topical acyclovir therapy (AVT) (n = 15, mean age: 17.5 years) (b) Group 2: photodynamic therapy (PDT) (n = 15, mean age:16.8 years) and (c) Group III: AVT + adjunctive PDT (n = 15, mean age: 17.0 years) respectively. HSV-1 quantification and pain scales [visual analogue scale (VAS) and McGill Pain Questionnaire (MPQ)] were calculated. Pro-inflammatory biomarkers including interleukin (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) were quantified using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Shapiro-Wilk test was used to assess the normality. The Friedman test was employed to compute the comparison for changes recorded in pain scores, proinflammatory cytokines and HSV-1 quantification, whereas Mann-Whitney test was used to analyze the mean values and establish inter-group comparisons. All assessments were performed at baseline, immediate post op, 2-weeks, 4-weeks, 3-months, and 6-months. RESULTS A total of 44 individuals completed the clinical trial. According to the data obtained from the clinical assessment, all the study groups reported a decrease in the parameters being observed. However, Group III (anti-viral (acyclovir) therapy + adjunctive PDT) showed a statistically significant decrease, in comparison to Group II (PDT) and Group I [AVT] respectively. The quantified HSV-1 among all groups showed significant reduction among all groups at each successive follow-up. However, Group-III (AVT + PDT) showed statistically significant reduction as compared to Groups I and II, respectively (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION Topical anti-viral therapy with adjunctive PDT significantly helped in reducing the pain and pro-inflammatory biomarkers in adolescent herpes labialis patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammed Ajmal
- Department of Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia; Photonix Diagnostic Imaging, Chalappuram, Calicut, Kerala, India.
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