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de Oliveira GV, Soares MV, Cordeiro LM, da Silva AF, Venturini L, Ilha L, Baptista FBO, da Silveira TL, Soares FAA, Iglesias BA. Toxicological assessment of photoactivated tetra-cationic porphyrin molecules under white light exposure in a Caenorhabditis elegans model. Toxicology 2024; 504:153793. [PMID: 38574843 DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2024.153793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) utilizes the potential of photosensitizing substances to absorb light energy and produce reactive oxygen species. Tetra-cationic porphyrins, which have organic or coordination compounds attached to their periphery, are heterocyclic derivatives with well-described antimicrobial and antitumoral properties. This is due to their ability to produce reactive oxygen species and their photobiological properties in solution. Consequently, these molecules are promising candidates as new and more effective photosensitizers with biomedical, environmental, and other biomedical applications. Prior to human exposure, it is essential to establish the toxicological profile of these molecules using in vivo models. In this study, we used Caenorhabditis elegans, a small free-living nematode, as a model for assessing toxic effects and predicting toxicity in preclinical research. We evaluated the toxic effects of porphyrins (neutral and tetra-cationic) on nematodes under dark/light conditions. Our findings demonstrate that tetra-methylated porphyrins (3TMeP and 4TMeP) at a concentration of 3.3 µg/mL (1.36 and 0.93 µM) exhibit high toxicity (as evidenced by reduced survival, development, and locomotion) under dark conditions. Moreover, photoactivated tetra-methylated porphyrins induce higher ROS levels compared to neutral (3TPyP and 4TPyP), tetra-palladated (3PdTPyP and 4PdTPyP), and tetra-platinated (3PtTPyP and 4PtTPyP) porphyrins, which may be responsible for the observed toxic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Vitória de Oliveira
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marcell Valandro Soares
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Larissa Marafiga Cordeiro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Aline Franzen da Silva
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Luiza Venturini
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Larissa Ilha
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fabiane Bicca Obetine Baptista
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Tássia Limana da Silveira
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Félix Alexandre Antunes Soares
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Bernardo Almeida Iglesias
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Porphyrinic Materials, Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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de Oliveira Silva JV, Meneguello JE, Formagio MD, de Freitas CF, Malacarne LC, Marchiosi R, de Mendonça PDSB, Zanetti Campanerut-Sá PA, Graton Mikcha JM. Multi-targets of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy mediated by erythrosine against Staphylococcus aureus identified by proteomic approach. Photochem Photobiol 2024. [PMID: 38594817 DOI: 10.1111/php.13944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a global challenge to the clinical field and food industry. Therefore, the development of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) has become one of the valuable methods to control this pathogen. The antibacterial activity of photoinactivation by erythrosine (Ery) against S. aureus has been reported, but its modes of action are unclear. This study aimed to employ a proteomic approach to analyze modes of action of Ery-aPDT against S. aureus. We determined the antibacterial effect by Ery-aPDT assays, quantified reactive oxygen species (ROS) and injury to the cell membrane, and determined protein expression using a proteomic approach combined with bioinformatic tools. Ery-aPDT was effective in reducing S. aureus to undetectable levels. In addition, the increment of ROS accompanied the increase in the reduction of cell viability, and damage to cellular membranes was shown by sublethal injury. In proteomic analysis, we found 17 differentially expressed proteins. These proteins revealed changes mainly associated with defense to oxidative stress, energy metabolism, translation, and protein biosynthesis. Thus, these results suggest that the effectiveness of Ery-aPDT is due to multi-targets in the bacterial cell that cause the death of S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jean Eduardo Meneguello
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, State University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Maíra Dante Formagio
- Department of Clinical Analysis and Biomedicine, State University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rogério Marchiosi
- Department of Biochemistry, State University of Maringá, Paraná, Brazil
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Bernicker MR, Birrer CA, Seeger MG, Iglesias BA, Vogel FSF, Cargnelutti JF. Antimicrobial activity of cationic water-soluble porphyrin against multidrug-resistant bacteria in biofilms and canine skin samples. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 40:124. [PMID: 38441804 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-024-03939-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant (MDR) microorganisms pose a threat to animal health, particularly in integumentary diseases, which can be caused by multiple organisms and often manifest as biofilms, hindering treatment effectiveness. We evaluated the antimicrobial activity of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) using a water-soluble tetra-cationic porphyrin (4-H2TMeP) against MDR bacteria cultured in biofilm and in mono and polyculture grown on canine skin samples. We utilized 4-H2TMeP porphyrin against MDR Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus pseudintermedius. A non-cytotoxic concentration of 4-H2TMeP (40 µM), previously shown to be effective in vitro against these bacteria cultured in solution, was employed. Biofilms were treated with 4-H2TMeP and subjected to light irradiation for 30, 60, and 90 min. Monocultures on canine skin samples were treated with 4-H2TMeP and irradiated for 30 (S. pseudintermedius), 60 (E. coli), or 60 and 90 min (P. aeruginosa). Polycultures of S. pseudintermedius and E. coli were treated with light for 60 and 90 min. The efficacy of aPDT was evaluated by plating light-exposed biofilms, mono and polycultures of bacteria obtained from skin samples exposed to light and kept in the dark. Colony-forming units were counted after 24 h of incubation at 37 °C. aPDT using 4-H2TMeP reduced bacterial concentrations of S. pseudintermedius and E. coli biofilms. Additionally, it significantly reduced bacterial concentrations cultivated on skin samples, with a particular emphasis on S. pseudintermedius. These findings indicate that aPDT with 4-H2TMeP is a promising alternative treatment against MDR bacteria in animal skin infections and should be further explored through in vivo research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayara Rosa Bernicker
- Veterinary Medicine Graduate Programe, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Caroline Arend Birrer
- Biomedicine Undergraduate Program, Universidade Franciscana, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Marlane Geribone Seeger
- Veterinary Medicine Graduate Programe, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Bernardo Almeida Iglesias
- Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Porphyrinic Materials, Department of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Silveira Flôres Vogel
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Juliana Felipetto Cargnelutti
- Department of Preventive Veterinary Medicine, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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Rossi GG, Tisoco I, Moreira KS, de Lima Burgo TA, de Campos MMA, Iglesias BA. Photophysical, photobiological, and mycobacteria photo-inactivation properties of new meso-tetra-cationic platinum(II) metalloderivatives at meta position. Braz J Microbiol 2024; 55:11-24. [PMID: 38051456 PMCID: PMC10920514 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-01201-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In this manuscript, we report the photo-inactivation evaluation of new tetra-cationic porphyrins with peripheral Pt(II) complexes ate meta N-pyridyl positions in the antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) of rapidly growing mycobacterial strains (RGM). Four different metalloderivatives were synthetized and applied. aPDT experiments in the strains of Mycobacteroides abscessus subsp. Abscessus (ATCC 19977), Mycolicibacterium fortuitum (ATCC 6841), Mycobacteroides abscessus subsp. Massiliense (ATCC 48898), and Mycolicibacterium smegmatis (ATCC 700084) conducted with adequate concentration of photosensitizers (PS) under white-light conditions at 90 min (irradiance of 50 mW cm-2 and a total light dosage of 270 J cm-2) showed that the Zn(II) derivative is the most effective PS significantly reduced the concentration of viable mycobacteria. The effectiveness of the molecule as PS for PDI studies is also clear with mycobacteria, which is strongly related with the porphyrin peripheral charge and coordination platinum(II) compounds and consequently about the presence of metal center ion. This class of PS may be promising antimycobacterial aPDT agents with potential applications in medical clinical cases and bioremediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grazielle Guidolin Rossi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Mycobacteriology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Isadora Tisoco
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Porphyrinic Materials, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Kelly Schneider Moreira
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Porphyrinic Materials, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Ibilce, São Paulo State University (Unesp), São Jose Do Rio Preto, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Thiago Augusto de Lima Burgo
- Department of Chemistry and Environmental Sciences, Ibilce, São Paulo State University (Unesp), São Jose Do Rio Preto, São Paulo State, Brazil.
| | - Marli Matiko Anraku de Campos
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Mycobacteriology, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Bernardo Almeida Iglesias
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Bioinorganic and Porphyrinic Materials, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
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Ji H, Dong T, Liang G, Xu H, Wang C, Liu T, Hong G. Evaluation of antibacterial effect of a cationic porphyrin derivative on Pseudomonas aeruginosa in photodynamic therapy. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2023; 44:103857. [PMID: 37890810 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2023.103857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a gram-negative bacterium without spores, and it is one of the pathogens that easily cause secondary infectious diseases when human immune function is low. The purpose of this study is to explore the inhibitory effect of photodynamic antibacterial chemotherapy-induced by cationic porphyrin derivative on clinical P. aeruginosa and its mechanism. METHODS The uptake of photosensitizer by P. aeruginosa and L929 cells was measured by an ultraviolet spectrophotometer. Effect of laser energy density on the bacterial activity of P. aeruginosa and post antibiotic effect were measured by bacterial suspension and tenfold dilution method. Flow cytometry and scanning electron microscopy were used to observe the activity and morphological changes of P. aeruginosa after PACT treatment. RESULTS The uptake of Tetra-ATPP-Lys-by P. aeruginosa and L929 was shown as concentration-dependent and time-dependent. However the uptake of L929 cell had a clear difference with P. aeruginosa at the same time and concentration intervals(P < 0.05).The increasing laser energy density had a high inactivation effect of on P. aeruginosa at the same Tetra-ATPP-Lys-concentration(P < 0.05). Post-antibiotic effect of Tetra-ATPP-Lys -PACT was dose-dependent(P < 0.05). Bacterial viability which evaluated by the flow cytometry method demonstrated that the proportion of viable bacteria is decreased with the photosensitizer dose-dependent. The morphology and microstructure of P. aeruginosa after Tetra-ATPP-Lys -PACT was demonstrated by a scanning electron microscope(SEM). After PACT, the morphology of P. aeruginosa was rod-shaped, the outer membrane surface was rough, and the bacteria were dry flat, sunken, shrunk and deformed. CONCLUSIONS Cationic porphyrin photosensitizer had a great damage effect on P. aeruginosa under the PACT, which can effectively destroy the microstructure of bacteria and lead to bacterial inactivation and death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Ji
- Tangshan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, China
| | | | | | - Haijian Xu
- Tangshan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, China
| | - Chunyan Wang
- Tangshan Maternal and Child Health Hospital, China
| | - Tianjun Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, China
| | - Ge Hong
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Medical Science and Peking Union Medical College, China.
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Secker B, Shaw S, Atterbury RJ. Pseudomonas spp. in Canine Otitis Externa. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2650. [PMID: 38004662 PMCID: PMC10673570 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11112650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine otitis externa (OE) is a commonly diagnosed condition seen in veterinary practice worldwide. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of the disease, with a particular focus on the biological characteristics of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the impact that antibiotic resistance has on successful recovery from OE. We also consider potential alternatives to antimicrobial chemotherapy for the treatment of recalcitrant infections. P. aeruginosa is not a typical constituent of the canine ear microbiota, but is frequently isolated from cases of chronic OE, and the nature of this pathogen often makes treatment difficult. Biofilm formation is identified in 40-95% of P. aeruginosa from cases of OE and intrinsic and acquired antibiotic resistance, especially resistance to clinically important antibiotics, highlights the need for alternative treatments. The role of other virulence factors in OE remains relatively unexplored and further work is needed. The studies described in this work highlight several potential alternative treatments, including the use of bacteriophages. This review provides a summary of the aetiology of OE with particular reference to the dysbiosis that leads to colonisation by P. aeruginosa and highlights the need for novel treatments for the future management of P. aeruginosa otitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bailey Secker
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, College Road, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK; (B.S.); (S.S.)
- School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, College Road, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Stephen Shaw
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, College Road, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK; (B.S.); (S.S.)
| | - Robert J. Atterbury
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, College Road, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire LE12 5RD, UK; (B.S.); (S.S.)
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Hormazábal DB, Reyes ÁB, Castro F, Cabrera AR, Dreyse P, Melo-González F, Bueno SM, González IA, Palavecino CE. Synergistic effect of Ru(II)-based type II photodynamic therapy with cefotaxime on clinical isolates of ESBL-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 164:114949. [PMID: 37267640 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant bacteria, such as ESBL producing-Klebsiella pneumoniae, have increased substantially, encouraging the development of complementary therapies such as photodynamic inactivation (PDI). PDI uses photosensitizer (PS) compounds that kill bacteria using light to produce reactive oxygen species. We test Ru-based PS to inhibit K. pneumoniae and advance in the characterization of the mode of action. The PDI activity of PSRu-L2, and PSRu-L3, was determined by serial micro dilutions exposing K. pneumoniae to 0.612 J/cm 2 of light dose. PS interaction with cefotaxime was determined on a collection of 118 clinical isolates of K. pneumoniae. To characterize the mode of action of PDI, the bacterial response to oxidative stress was measured by RT-qPCR. Also, the cytotoxicity on mammalian cells was assessed by trypan blue exclusion. Over clinical isolates, the compounds are bactericidal, at doses of 8 µg/mL PSRu-L2 and 4 µg/mL PSRu-L3, inhibit bacterial growth by 3 log10 (>99.9%) with a lethality of 30 min. A remarkable synergistic effect of the PSRu-L2 and PSRu-L3 compounds with cefotaxime increased the bactericidal effect in a subpopulation of 66 ESBL-clinical isolates to > 6 log10 with an FIC-value of 0.16 and 0.17, respectively. The bacterial transcription response suggests that the mode of action occurs through Type II oxidative stress. The upregulation of the extracytoplasmic virulence factors mrkD, magA, and rmpA accompanied this response. Also, the compounds show little or no toxicity in vitro on HEp-2 and HEK293T cells. Through the type II effect, PSs compounds are bactericidal, synergistic on K. pneumoniae, and have low cytotoxicity in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dafne Berenice Hormazábal
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Celular, Instituto de Investigación y Postgrado, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Central de Chile, Lord Cochrane 418, Santiago 8330546, Chile
| | - Ángeles Beatriz Reyes
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Celular, Instituto de Investigación y Postgrado, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Central de Chile, Lord Cochrane 418, Santiago 8330546, Chile
| | - Francisco Castro
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alan R Cabrera
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Facultad de Química y de Farmacia, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago, Chile
| | - Paulina Dreyse
- Departamento de Química, Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Av. España 1680, Casilla 2390123, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Felipe Melo-González
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330025, Chile
| | - Susan M Bueno
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 8330025, Chile
| | - Iván A González
- Departamento de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Matemática y del Medio Ambiente, Universidad Tecnológica Metropolitana, Las Palmeras 3360, Ñuñoa, Santiago 7800003, Chile.
| | - Christian Erick Palavecino
- Laboratorio de Microbiología Celular, Instituto de Investigación y Postgrado, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Central de Chile, Lord Cochrane 418, Santiago 8330546, Chile.
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