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Parker EL, Banfield M, Fassnacht DB, Phillips CB, Harrison C. Anxiety management in Australian general practice: an analysis of encounters from 2006 - 2016. BMC PRIMARY CARE 2023; 24:156. [PMID: 37542213 PMCID: PMC10401842 DOI: 10.1186/s12875-023-02110-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anxiety disorders are highly prevalent mental health conditions managed predominantly by general practitioners (GPs). This study aimed to examine the management of anxiety by Australian GPs since the introduction of the Better Access to Psychiatrists, Psychologists and General Practitioners initiative in 2006. METHODS We conducted secondary analysis of Bettering the Evaluation and Care of Health data on GP encounters for anxiety from 2006 to 2016 (N = 28,784). We calculated point estimates and used multivariate logistic regression to explore the effect of GP and patient characteristics on rates and types of management. RESULTS The management rate of anxiety increased from 2.3% of GP encounters in 2006 to 3.2% in 2016. Over the 10-year period, increases were seen in referrals to psychologists (AOR = 1.09, 95%CI = 1.07-1.11, p < .0001) and selective serotonin / serotonin-noradrenalin reuptake inhibitors (AOR = 1.05, 95%CI = 1.03-1.06, p < .0001), and benzodiazepines decreased (AOR = 0.94, 95%CI = 0.92-0.95, p < .0001). Systematic differences in management were found for patient and GP characteristics, including high rates of benzodiazepines in certain groups. CONCLUSIONS Anxiety is accounting for more of the GP workload, year on year. GP management of anxiety has become more closely aligned with practice guidelines since 2006. However, high rates of benzodiazepine prescribing in certain groups remains a concern. Further research is needed into GP treatment decision making for anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin L Parker
- School of Medicine and Psychology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia.
| | - Michelle Banfield
- Centre for Mental Health Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- ALIVE National Centre for Mental Health Research Translation, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Daniel B Fassnacht
- School of Medicine and Psychology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
- College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
- School of Health, University of the Sunshine Coast, Sunshine Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Christine B Phillips
- School of Medicine and Psychology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia
| | - Christopher Harrison
- Menzies Centre for Health Policy and Economics, School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Societal Preferences for Gender of Surgeons: A Cross-Sectional Study in the General Population of Pakistan. World J Surg 2022; 46:757-766. [PMID: 34994836 DOI: 10.1007/s00268-021-06418-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sociocultural norms and gender biases may result in surgeon gender preferences among the general public. This study aimed to understand preferences and perceptions related to surgeon gender among the general population in Pakistan, a lower-middle-income country. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted by the Aga Khan University, Karachi, among the adult general population in Pakistan. Sequential mixed-mode data collection was performed via online dissemination on social media platforms and in-person surveying at different geographic locations in Karachi. RESULTS Among 1604 respondents, 50% did not report having surgeon gender preferences in general. Among respondents with gender preferences, there was a highly significant preference for gender concordance across all surgical subspecialties (p <0.001) except cardiothoracic surgery and neurosurgery. Exceptions where women preferred a male surgeon were neurosurgery (59.7% vs. 40.3%; p <0.001) and cardiothoracic surgery (53.1% vs. 46.9%; p <0.001). Moreover, respondents felt more comfortable communicating with (67.6%) and being examined by (73.3%) gender concordant surgeons. Men more commonly perceived male surgeons as more competent (26% vs. 14.5%; p <0.001) and warmer (18.3% vs. 9.8%; p <0.001) than female surgeons. Nevertheless, the most important factors influencing selection of a surgeon were the surgeon's reputation (69.6%) and experience (50.5%). Most respondents (84.5%) believed that more females should practice surgery. CONCLUSION While around half of respondents do not have gender preferences, a significant proportion prefers a gender concordant surgeon across subspecialties. In a society where conservative sociocultural norms play a significant role when seeking health care, this makes yet another compelling argument for gender parity in surgery.
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Jain P. The Stereotype Content Model as an Explanation of Biased Perceptions in a Medical Interaction: Implications for Patient-Provider Relationship. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2022; 37:64-73. [PMID: 32875919 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2020.1816311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This experimental investigation uses the stereotype content model (SCM) to explain the biases associated with the perceptions of healthcare providers and the subsequent impact of such biased perceptions. Specifically, the 2 (gender: male, female) by 2 (race: Arab, Caucasian) between-subjects experiment examined the impact of physician race and gender on people's perceptions regarding physician's communication competence, trust, and intentions to visit. The findings indicate that female physicians are considered not only warmer but also more competent than male physicians. White physicians are considered less competent overall than their minority counterparts, though no differences in perceived patient-centered communication behaviors were observed. In addition, perceived competence and warmth mediated the effect of physician gender and race (only warmth) on the perceptions of trust, physician's use of patient-centered communication, and intentions to visit. The theoretical and practical implications of the study are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parul Jain
- Scripps College of Communication, Ohio University
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4
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Wynn J, Johns Putra L. Patient preference for urologist gender. Int J Urol 2020; 28:170-175. [PMID: 33150602 DOI: 10.1111/iju.14418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the factors associated with patients preferring the gender of their treating urologist in various clinical settings. METHODS A total of 400 urology outpatients participated in a structured interview on the nature of their presenting complaint, perception of their complaint and the preference for the gender of their urologist in four specific scenarios of consultation, physical examination, office-based procedure and surgery. Patients who expressed a gender preference received follow-up telephone calls. RESULTS A gender preference was expressed by 63 (15.8%), 108 (27.0%), 89 (22.3%) and 29 (7.3%) patients for the scenarios of consultation, physical examination, office-based procedure and surgery, respectively. Patients were more likely to have a preference if they were female or had a condition they considered embarrassing, with most preferences being for a gender-concordant urologist. Reasons included a previous negative experience and perceived gender-specific treatment styles. Patients who subsequently saw a doctor of the opposite gender to their preference were more likely to change their mind if their clinical interaction was positive. CONCLUSIONS Female patients, those with a perceived embarrassing condition and patients undergoing examination or office-based procedures are more likely to have a gender preference for their urologist, with a subsequent positive experience leading to patients discarding pre-existing preferences. With improved understanding of how patient characteristics, perception of their condition and previous experiences can affect their choices in various clinical situations, urologists can better meet patient expectations and address barriers to healthcare in urology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Wynn
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lydia Johns Putra
- Department of Urology, Ballarat Health Services, Ballarat, Victoria, Australia.,Ballarat Urology, Ballarat, Victoria, Australia
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Gauly J, Atherton H, Kimani PK, Ross J. Utilisation of pharmacy-based sexual and reproductive health services: a quantitative retrospective study. Sex Transm Infect 2020; 97:126-133. [PMID: 32817275 PMCID: PMC7892391 DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2020-054488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the utilisation of pharmacy-based sexual and reproductive health services (SRHS) in order to optimise delivery and identify barriers to access. METHODS The health provider Umbrella offers six SRHS from over 120 pharmacies in Birmingham (England). In this retrospective study, data collected between August 2015 and August 2018 were used to analyse uptake, user characteristics and attendance patterns according to day of the week. RESULTS A total of 60 498 requests for a pharmacy service were included in the analysis. Emergency contraception (50.4%), condoms (33.1%) and STI self-sampling kits (9.6%) accounted for more than 90% of all requests. A lower uptake of services was observed for the contraceptive injection (0.6%), oral contraception (5.4%) and chlamydia treatment (1.0%). Services were most likely to be requested by those self-identifying as female (85.6%), and those aged 16-24 years (53.8%). Based on available ethnicity data (n=54 668), most requests for a service were made by White/White British individuals (43.4%) and Asian/Asian British people (23.1%). The largest number of services were delivered on Mondays (20.9%) and the lowest on Sundays (5.0%). A high proportion of requests for services on Saturdays (57.0%), Sundays (67.6%) and Mondays (54.4%) were made by females presenting for emergency contraception. CONCLUSION The evaluation of healthcare utilisation is important to help refine and optimise the delivery of services. However, information relating to pharmacy-based SRHS is scarce and often limited to a single type of service provision. Overall, a wide range of pharmacy-based services were accessed by a diverse range of people, suggesting that pharmacies are a suitable provider of many SRHS. However, the routinely collected data analysed in the study had several limitations restricting the analysis. Sexual health providers should ensure they collect data which are as comprehensive as is possible in order to help understand the utilisation of services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Gauly
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Helen Atherton
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Peter K Kimani
- Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Jonathan Ross
- Whittall Street Clinic, University Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Kovács N, Varga O, Nagy A, Pálinkás A, Sipos V, Kőrösi L, Ádány R, Sándor J. The impact of general practitioners' gender on process indicators in Hungarian primary healthcare: a nation-wide cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e027296. [PMID: 31494598 PMCID: PMC6731795 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-027296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objectives of our study were (1) to investigate the association between gender of the general practitioner (GP) and the quality of primary care in Hungary with respect to process indicators for GP performance and (2) to assess the size of the gender impact. STUDY DESIGN A nation-wide cross-sectional study was performed in 2016. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS The study covered all general medical practices in Hungary (n=4575) responsible for the provision of primary healthcare (PHC) for adults. All GPs in their private practices are solo practitioners. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Multilevel logistic regression models were used to analyse the association between GP gender and process indicators of PHC, and attributable proportion (AP) was calculated. RESULTS 48% of the GPs (n=2213) were women in the study. The crude rates of care provided by female GPs were significantly higher for seven out of eight evaluated indicators than those provided by male GPs. Adjusted for practice, physician and patient factors, GP gender was associated with the haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) measurement: OR=1.18, 95% CI (1.14 to 1.23); serum creatinine measurement: OR=1.14, 95% CI (1.12 to 1.17); lipid measurement: OR=1.14, 95% CI (1.11 to 1.16); eye examination: OR=1.06, 95% CI (1.03 to 1.08); mammography screening: OR=1.05, 95% CI (1.03 to 1.08); management of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: OR=1.05, 95% CI (1.01 to 1.09) and the composite indicator: OR=1.08, 95% CI (1.07 to 1.1), which summarises the number of care events and size of target populations of each indicator. The AP at the specific indicators varied from 0.97% (95% CI 0.49% to 1.44%) of influenza immunisation to 8.04% (95% CI 7.4% to 8.67%) of eye examinations. CONCLUSION Female GP gender was an independent predictor of receiving higher quality of care. The actual size of the gender effect on the quality of services seemed to be notable. Factors behind the gender effect should receive more attention in quality improvement particularly in countries where the primary care is organised around solo practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nóra Kovács
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Orsolya Varga
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Attila Nagy
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Anita Pálinkás
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Valéria Sipos
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - László Kőrösi
- National Institute of Health Insurance Fund Management, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Róza Ádány
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- WHO Collaborating Centre on Vulnerability and Health, Debrecen, Hungary
- MTA-DE Public Health Research Group, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - János Sándor
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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Ashton-James CE, Tybur JM, Grießer V, Costa D. Stereotypes about surgeon warmth and competence: The role of surgeon gender. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0211890. [PMID: 30811457 PMCID: PMC6392236 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0211890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Past research indicates that patient perceptions of surgeon warmth and competence influence treatment expectancies and satisfaction with treatment outcomes. Stereotypes have a powerful impact on impression formation. The present research explores stereotypes about surgeon warmth and competence and investigates the extent to which surgeon gender influences perceptions of female and male surgeons. A between-subjects experiment was conducted online using crowdsourcing technology to derive a representative sample from the general population. Four hundred and fifteen participants were randomly assigned to evaluate the warmth and competence of males, females, surgeons, male surgeons, or female surgeons, using validated measures. Planned contrasts revealed that as a group, surgeons received higher warmth and competence ratings than non-surgeons (p = .007). Consistent with gender stereotypes, female surgeons received higher warmth ratings (p < .001) and lower competence ratings (p = .001) than male surgeons. The stereotype of surgeons held by the general public is that they are high in warmth and competence relative to other occupational groups. Surgeon gender appears to influence general beliefs about the warmth and competence of female and male surgeons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire E. Ashton-James
- Pain Management Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Department of Experimental and Applied Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joshua M. Tybur
- Department of Experimental and Applied Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Verena Grießer
- Department of Psychology, Ludwig Maximilian University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Costa
- Pain Management Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Tinetti A, Weir N, Tangyotkajohn U, Jacques A, Thompson J, Briffa K. Help-seeking behaviour for pelvic floor dysfunction in women over 55: drivers and barriers. Int Urogynecol J 2018; 29:1645-1653. [DOI: 10.1007/s00192-018-3618-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Baskwill A, Vanstone M. "Just don't be creepy": A phenomenological study of the experiences of men in massage therapy. JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY & INTEGRATIVE MEDICINE 2017; 15:/j/jcim.ahead-of-print/jcim-2017-0075/jcim-2017-0075.xml. [PMID: 29148980 DOI: 10.1515/jcim-2017-0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Societal expectations around traditional binary gender roles result in some professions being considered "men's work" or "women's work". Massage therapy (MT) is one such profession that, despite being predominantly female, is joined by an increasing number of men with a desire to help others. Methods This descriptive phenomenological study asked male massage therapists in Ontario, Canada, about their experience of gender in their professional lives. Fourteen men shared their experiences of practice, which included discriminatory hiring and patient preferences for female practitioners. These issues resulted in difficulty establishing a clinical practice. To create a successful practice, men described the need for professionalism, clear communication, and a comfortable treatment environment. Results and conclusions Researchers should explore the impact of discrimination on men in MT, patient preferences based on the therapist's gender, and the role of education in perpetuating societal heterosexual norms. Finally, as with any shift in culture, all levels of organization must take action to remove discrimination and bias within the profession of MT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Baskwill
- Health Research Methodology PhD Program, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - Meredith Vanstone
- Department of Family Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
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Chan ZCY, Chan VWS, Tse JKM. Therapeutic Relationship Between Male Nursing Students and Female Patients. Am J Mens Health 2013; 8:300-9. [PMID: 24262786 DOI: 10.1177/1557988313509833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This article explores the therapeutic relationship between male nursing students and female patients, through the use of autobiography in a qualitative approach. For this study, 18 male nursing students enrolled in master's and bachelor's programs in Hong Kong were recruited. They were asked to make records in a diary and draw pictures of their therapeutic relationship with female patients from their clinical experiences and then participate in a focus group interview. Content analysis was carried out on the collected data. The essential factors influencing the development of a therapeutic relationship were found to be gender, symbolic meanings, and career features. Good experiences were also discussed. The results shed light on the experiences of male nursing students and how they make sense of their therapeutic relationship with female patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vera W S Chan
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | - Judy K M Tse
- The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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Nagy A, Nagy B, Adany R, Sandor J. Determinants of low referral rates for ophthalmologic examination in people with type 2 diabetes in Hungary. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2013; 102:e29-31. [PMID: 24125864 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2013.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2013] [Revised: 05/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
GPs' and patients' socio-demographic characteristics were investigated as possible, determinants of ophthalmologic examination referral rates among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. Female GPs were more effective among retinopathy-free patients, while male GPs among patients with retinopathy. It could be explained by the gender related authority-empathy balance, manifested, through communication style.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attila Nagy
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Medical and Health Science Centre, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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12
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Hostile Sexist Male Patients and Female Doctors: A Challenging Encounter. PATIENT-PATIENT CENTERED OUTCOMES RESEARCH 2013; 7:37-45. [DOI: 10.1007/s40271-013-0025-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Bishop FL, Smith R, Lewith GT. Patient preferences for technical skills versus interpersonal skills in chiropractors and physiotherapists treating low back pain. Fam Pract 2013; 30:197-203. [PMID: 23123436 DOI: 10.1093/fampra/cms066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about which characteristics of chiropractors and physiotherapists matter to patients and influence their preferences when seeking care. OBJECTIVE To examine the impact of four factors (patient gender, practitioner gender, practitioner specialty-chiropractor or physiotherapist and practitioner reputation-technical ability or interpersonal skills) on patients' choice of therapist to treat low back pain. METHODS Questionnaire-based vignette study in which participants sampled from the general population rated the likelihood of consulting eight fictional therapists. Each fictional therapist represented a different combination of the three practitioner factors (e.g. male chiropractor with reputation for good technical ability). The study was administered as a postal survey to a simple random sample of residences in one postal town in England. RESULTS Respondents (n = 657) consistently reported that they considered a practitioner's qualifications and technical skills important when choosing either a physiotherapist or a chiropractor; and just less than a third thought it was important that a practitioner was a good listener. As hypothesized, female respondents preferred female practitioners and respondents had a general preference for physiotherapists over chiropractors. Contrary to our hypothesis, the practitioner's reputation had the largest effect on respondents' preferences and all practitioners with a reputation for technical ability were preferred over those with a reputation for interpersonal skills. CONCLUSION Similar factors are important to patients whether they are choosing an individual chiropractor or physiotherapist; patients particularly value information about technical competence. An awareness of these factors should help primary care providers to direct patients to relevant information and support their decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felicity L Bishop
- Centre for Applications of Health Psychology, Faculty of Social and Human Sciences, University of Southampton, Building 44, Highfield Campus, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.
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Shaw JR, Bonnett BN, Roter DL, Adams CL, Larson S. Gender differences in veterinarian-client-patient communication in companion animal practice. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2012; 241:81-8. [PMID: 22720991 DOI: 10.2460/javma.241.1.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jane R Shaw
- Department of Population Medicine, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
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Harrison CM, Britt HC, Charles J. Sex of the GP — 20 years on. Med J Aust 2011; 195:192-6. [DOI: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.2011.tb03278.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2011] [Accepted: 07/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Helena C Britt
- Family Medicine Research Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW
| | - Janice Charles
- Family Medicine Research Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW
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