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Quigley DD, Qureshi N, Predmore Z, Diaz Y, Hays RD. Is Primary Care Patient Experience Associated with Provider-Patient Language Concordance and Use of Interpreters for Spanish-preferring Patients: A Systematic Literature Review. J Racial Ethn Health Disparities 2024:10.1007/s40615-024-01951-z. [PMID: 38441859 PMCID: PMC11374925 DOI: 10.1007/s40615-024-01951-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Healthcare provided by a bilingual provider or with the assistance of an interpreter improves care quality; however, their associations with patient experience are unknown. We reviewed associations of patient experience with provider-patient language concordance (LC) and use of interpreters for Spanish-preferring patients. METHOD We reviewed articles from academic databases 2005-2023 following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines and Joanna Briggs Institute Checklists to rate study quality. We reviewed 217 (of 2193) articles, yielding 17 for inclusion. RESULTS Of the 17 included articles, most articles focused on primary (n = 6 studies) or pediatric care (n = 5). All were cross-sectional, collecting data by self-administered surveys (n = 7) or interviews (n = 4). Most assessed the relationship between LC or interpreter use and patient experience by cross-sectional associations (n = 13). Two compared subgroups, and two provided descriptive insights into the conversational content (provider-interpreter-patient). None evaluated interventions, so evidence on effective strategies is lacking. LC for Spanish-preferring patients was a mix of null findings (n = 4) and associations with better patient experience (n = 3) (e.g., receiving diet/exercise counseling and better provider communication). Evidence on interpreter use indicated better (n = 2), worse (n = 2), and no association (n = 2) with patient experience. Associations between Spanish-language preference and patient experience were not significant (n = 5) or indicated worse experience (n = 4) (e.g., long waits, problems getting appointments, and not understanding nurses). CONCLUSION LC is associated with better patient experience. Using interpreters is associated with better patient experience but only with high-quality interpreters. Strategies are needed to eliminate disparities and enhance communication for all Spanish-preferring primary care patients, whether with a bilingual provider or an interpreter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise D Quigley
- RAND Corporation, 1776 Main Street, Santa Monica, CA, 90407-2138, USA.
| | - Nabeel Qureshi
- RAND Corporation, 1776 Main Street, Santa Monica, CA, 90407-2138, USA
| | | | - Yareliz Diaz
- RAND Corporation, 20 Park Plaza, Suite 910, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ron D Hays
- RAND Corporation, 1776 Main Street, Santa Monica, CA, 90407-2138, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine & Department of Medicine, UCLA, 1100 Glendon Avenue, Los Angeles, CA, 90024-1736, USA
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Chen DW, Ospina NS, Haymart MR. Social Determinants of Health and Disparities in Thyroid Care. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2024; 109:e1309-e1313. [PMID: 38057150 PMCID: PMC10876391 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There have been documented racial and ethnic disparities in the care and clinical outcomes of patients with thyroid disease. CONTEXT Key to improving disparities in thyroid care is understanding the context for racial and ethnic disparities, which includes acknowledging and addressing social determinants of health. Thyroid disease diagnosis, treatment, and survivorship care are impacted by patient- and system-level factors, including socioeconomic status and economic stability, language, education, health literacy, and health care systems and health policy. The relationship between these factors and downstream clinical outcomes is intricate and complex, underscoring the need for a multifaceted approach to mitigate these disparities. CONCLUSION Understanding the factors that contribute to disparities in thyroid disease is critically important. There is a need for future targeted and multilevel interventions to address these disparities, while considering societal, health care, clinician, and patient perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debbie W Chen
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Naykky Singh Ospina
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Megan R Haymart
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology & Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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Rosburg T, von Allmen DY, Langewitz H, Weber H, Bunker EB, Langewitz W. Patient-centeredness in psychiatric work disability evaluations and the reproducibility of work capacity estimates. PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2024; 119:108093. [PMID: 38061142 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2023.108093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the extent of patient-centeredness in psychiatric work disability evaluations and its association with the reproducibility of work capacity (WC) estimates. METHODS In our mixed methods study, 29 video-taped interviews conducted in psychiatric work disability evaluations were coded with the Roter Interaction Analysis System (RIAS) and different measures of patient-centeredness were derived from these codings, including a summary patient-centred communication ratio. Four experts each estimated a claimant's WC on a scale from 0% to 100%. RESULTS Patient-centred communication ratios were always >1, suggesting a preponderance of psychosocial information exchange. In contrast, utterances reflecting empathy were rare e.g., the expert did not address the claimant's emotions in 25 of 29 interviews. None of the derived patient-centeredness measures showed a significant association with WC reproducibility. CONCLUSIONS Many of the experts' questions addressed the claimant's lifestyle and psychosocial situation. However, this likely reflected factual requirements for the expert opinion, rather than patient-centeredness. Indeed, the experts rarely showed empathy, which is a hallmark characteristic of patient-centeredness. The reproducibility of work capacity estimates was not modulated by patient-centeredness, irrespective of its quantification. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Patient-centeredness in work disability evaluations should find its entry in continuing education of experts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timm Rosburg
- University of Basel Hospital, Department of Clinical Research, EbIM Research & Education, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - David Y von Allmen
- University of Basel Hospital, Department of Clinical Research, EbIM Research & Education, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Helena Langewitz
- Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz, Institute of Art History and Musicology, Mainz, Germany
| | - Heidemarie Weber
- University of Basel Hospital, Psychosomatic Medicine - Communication in Medicine, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Wolf Langewitz
- University of Basel Hospital, Psychosomatic Medicine - Communication in Medicine, Basel, Switzerland
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Torresdey P, Chen J, Rodriguez HP. Patient Time Spent With Professional Medical Interpreters and the Care Experiences of Patients With Limited English Proficiency. J Prim Care Community Health 2024; 15:21501319241264168. [PMID: 38912573 PMCID: PMC11265237 DOI: 10.1177/21501319241264168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION/OBJECTIVES More time spent with interpreters may support clinician-patient communication for patients with limited English proficiency (LEP), especially when interpreter support before and after clinical encounters is considered. We assessed whether more time spent with interpreters is associated with better patient-reported experiences of clinician-patient communication and interpreter support among patients with LEP. METHODS Patients with LEP (n = 338) were surveyed about their experiences with both the clinician and interpreter. Duration of interpreter support during the encounter (in min) and auxiliary time spent before and after encounters supporting patients (in min) were documented by interpreters. Multivariable linear regression models were estimated to assess the association of the time duration of interpreter support and patient experiences of (1) clinician-patient communication, and (2) interpreter support, controlling for patient and encounter characteristics. RESULTS The average encounter duration was 47.7 min (standard deviation, SD = 25.1), the average auxiliary time was 43.8 min (SD = 16.4), and the average total interpreter time was 91.1 min (SD = 28.6). LEP patients reported better experiences of interpreter support with a mean score of 97.4 out of 100 (SD = 6.99) compared to clinician-patient communication, with a mean score of 93.7 out of 100 (SD = 14.1). In adjusted analyses, total patient time spent with an interpreter was associated with better patient experiences of clinician-patient communication (β = 7.23, P < .01) when auxiliary time spent by interpreters supporting patients before and after the encounter was considered, but not when only the encounter time was considered. CONCLUSIONS Longer duration of time spent with an interpreter was associated with better clinician-patient communication for patients with LEP when time spent with an interpreter before and after the clinician encounter is considered. Policymakers should consider reimbursing health care organizations for time interpreters spend providing patient navigation and other support beyond clinical encounters.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacob Chen
- University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
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Garcia ME, Williams M, Mutha S, Diamond LC, Jih J, Handley MA, Pathak S, Karliner LS. Language-Concordant Care: a Qualitative Study Examining Implementation of Physician Non-English Language Proficiency Assessment. J Gen Intern Med 2023; 38:3099-3106. [PMID: 37620723 PMCID: PMC10651569 DOI: 10.1007/s11606-023-08354-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Language concordance can increase access to care for patients with language barriers and improve patient health outcomes. However, systematically assessing and tracking physician non-English language skills remains uncommon in most health systems. This is a missed opportunity for health systems to maximize language-concordant care. OBJECTIVE To determine barriers and facilitators to participation in non-English language proficiency assessment among primary care physicians. DESIGN Qualitative, semi-structured interviews. PARTICIPANTS Eleven fully and partially bilingual primary care physicians from a large academic health system with a language certification program (using a clinician oral proficiency interview). APPROACH Interviews aimed to identify barriers and facilitators to participation in non-English language assessment. Two researchers independently and iteratively coded transcripts using a thematic analysis approach with constant comparison to identify themes. KEY RESULTS Most participants were women (N= 9; 82%). Participants reported proficiency in Cantonese, Mandarin, Russian, and Spanish. All fully bilingual participants (n=5) had passed the language assessment; of the partially bilingual participants (n=6), four did not test, one passed with marginal proficiency, and one did not pass. Three themes emerged as barriers to assessment participation: (1) beliefs about the negative consequences (emotional and material) of not passing the test, (2) time constraints and competing demands, and (3) challenging test format and structure. Four themes emerged as facilitators to increase assessment adoption: (1) messaging consistent with professional ethos, (2) organizational culture that incentivizes certification, (3) personal empowerment about language proficiency, and (4) individuals championing certification. CONCLUSIONS To increase language assessment participation and thus ensure quality language-concordant care, health systems must address the identified barriers physicians experience and leverage potential facilitators. Findings can inform health system interventions to standardize the requirements and process, increase transparency, provide resources for preparation and remediation, utilize messaging focused on patient care quality and safety, and incentivize participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Esteli Garcia
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Multiethnic Health Equity Research Center, University of California, 1701 Divisadero St. Room 536, San Francisco, CA, 94143-1731, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Implementation Science Training Program, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- PRISE Center: Partnerships for Research in Implementation Science for Equity, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Mia Williams
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Multiethnic Health Equity Research Center, University of California, 1701 Divisadero St. Room 536, San Francisco, CA, 94143-1731, USA
| | - Sunita Mutha
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Multiethnic Health Equity Research Center, University of California, 1701 Divisadero St. Room 536, San Francisco, CA, 94143-1731, USA
- Healthforce Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lisa C Diamond
- Immigrant Health and Cancer Disparities Service, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Hospital Medicine Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jane Jih
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Multiethnic Health Equity Research Center, University of California, 1701 Divisadero St. Room 536, San Francisco, CA, 94143-1731, USA
- Asian American Research Center on Health, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Margaret A Handley
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Implementation Science Training Program, UCSF, San Francisco, CA, USA
- PRISE Center: Partnerships for Research in Implementation Science for Equity, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital and Trauma Center, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sarita Pathak
- Department of Behavioral, Social, and Health Education Sciences, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Leah S Karliner
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Multiethnic Health Equity Research Center, University of California, 1701 Divisadero St. Room 536, San Francisco, CA, 94143-1731, USA
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Wong MSc CK, MacMath D, Mercedes R, Beer SS, Cerminara DN, Harpavat S. The DILI's in the Details: A 13-Year-Old With Abdominal Pain and Jaundice. Clin Pediatr (Phila) 2023; 62:1290-1294. [PMID: 36798011 DOI: 10.1177/00099228231154426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Derek MacMath
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Rebecca Mercedes
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Stacey S Beer
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dana N Cerminara
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sanjiv Harpavat
- Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
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Chen DW, Banerjee M, He X, Miranda L, Watanabe M, Veenstra CM, Haymart MR. Hidden Disparities: How Language Influences Patients' Access to Cancer Care. J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2023; 21:951-959.e1. [PMID: 37673110 PMCID: PMC11033703 DOI: 10.6004/jnccn.2023.7037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with limited English proficiency, a vulnerable patient population, remain understudied in the literature addressing cancer disparities. Although it is well documented that language discordance between patients and physicians negatively impacts the quality of patient care, little is known about how patients' preferred spoken language impacts their access to cancer care. PATIENTS AND METHODS Between November 2021 and June 2022, we conducted an audit study of 144 hospitals located across 12 demographically diverse states. Using a standardized script, trained investigators assigned to the roles of English-speaking, Spanish-speaking, and Mandarin-speaking patients called the hospital general information telephone line seeking to access care for 3 cancer types that disproportionately impact Hispanic and Asian populations (colon, lung, and thyroid cancer). Primary outcome was whether the simulated patient caller was provided with the next steps to access cancer care, defined as clinic number or clinic transfer. We used chi-square tests and logistic regression analysis to test for associations between the primary outcome and language type, region type, hospital teaching status, and cancer care requested. We used multivariable logistic regression analysis to determine factors associated with simulated patient callers being provided the next steps. RESULTS Of the 1,296 calls, 52.9% (n=686) resulted in simulated patient callers being provided next steps to access cancer care. Simulated non-English-speaking (vs English-speaking) patient callers were less likely to be provided with the next steps (Mandarin, 27.5%; Spanish, 37.7%; English, 93.5%; P<.001). Multivariable logistic regression found significant associations of the primary outcome with language spoken (Mandarin: odds ratio [OR], 0.02 [95% CI, 0.01-0.04] and Spanish: OR, 0.04 [95% CI, 0.02-0.06] vs English) and hospital teaching status (nonteaching: OR, 0.43 [95% CI, 0.32-0.56] vs teaching). CONCLUSIONS Linguistic disparities exist in access to cancer care for non-English-speaking patients, emphasizing the need for focused interventions to mitigate systems-level communication barriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debbie W. Chen
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Mousumi Banerjee
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Xin He
- Division of Endocrinology, Signature Healthcare, Brockton, Massachusetts
| | - Lesley Miranda
- College of Literature Science and the Arts, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Maya Watanabe
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | - Megan R. Haymart
- Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology, and Diabetes, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
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Joseph G, Lindberg NM, Guerra C, Hernandez C, Karliner LS, Gilmore MJ, Zepp J, Rolf BA, Caruncho M, Riddle L, Kauffman TL, Leo MC, Wilfond BS. Medical interpreter-mediated genetic counseling for Spanish preferring adults at risk for a hereditary cancer syndrome. J Genet Couns 2023; 32:870-886. [PMID: 36938783 PMCID: PMC10509308 DOI: 10.1002/jgc4.1695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to identify interpretation challenges specific to exome sequencing and errors of potential clinical significance in the context of genetic counseling for adults at risk for a hereditary cancer syndrome. Thirty transcripts of interpreter-mediated telephone results disclosure genetic counseling appointments were coded for errors by bilingual researchers, and the coders applied an overall rating to denote the degree to which the errors interfered with communication overall. Genetic counselors reviewed a subset of errors flagged for potential clinical significance to identify those likely to have clinical impact. Qualitative interviews with 19 interpreters were analyzed to elucidate the challenges they face in interpreting for genetic counseling appointments. Our analysis identified common interpretation errors such as raising the register, omissions, and additions. Further, we found errors specific to genetic counseling concepts and content that appeared to impact the ability of the genetic counselor to accurately assess risk. These errors also may have impacted the patient's ability to understand their results, access appropriate follow-up care, and communicate with family members. Among interpreters' strengths was the use of requests for clarification; in fact, even more use of clarification would have been beneficial in these encounters. Qualitative interviews surfaced challenges stemming from the structure of interpreter work, such as switching from medical and nonmedical interpretations without substantial breaks. Importantly, while errors were frequent, most did not impede communication overall, and most were not likely to impact clinical care. Nevertheless, potentially clinically impactful errors in communication of genetics concepts may contribute to inequitable care for limited English proficient patients and suggest that additional training in genetics and specialization in healthcare may be warranted. In addition, training for genetic counselors and guidance for patients in working effectively with interpreters could enhance interpreters' transmission of complex genetic concepts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galen Joseph
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Claudia Guerra
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Cindy Hernandez
- Cancer Genetics and Prevention Program, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Houston Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Leah S Karliner
- Department of General Internal Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Marian J Gilmore
- Department of Translational and Applied Genomics, Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Jamilyn Zepp
- Department of Translational and Applied Genomics, Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Bradley A Rolf
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Mikaella Caruncho
- Department of Medical Humanities and Ethics, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Leslie Riddle
- Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Tia L Kauffman
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Michael C Leo
- Kaiser Permanente Center for Health Research, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Benjamin S Wilfond
- Seattle Children's Research Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
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Digitale JC, Nouri SS, Cohen EL, Calton BA, Rabow MW, Pantilat SZ, Bischoff KE. Differential Use of Outpatient Palliative Care by Demographic and Clinical Characteristics. J Pain Symptom Manage 2023; 66:e163-e176. [PMID: 37084827 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2023.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Little is known about equity in utilization of outpatient palliative care (PC). OBJECTIVES To explore whether patient-level factors are associated with completing initial and follow-up visits among patients referred to outpatient PC. METHODS Using electronic health record data, we generated a cohort of all adults referred to outpatient PC at University of California, San Francisco October 2017-October 2021. We assessed whether demographic and clinical characteristics were associated with completion of 1) an initial PC visit and 2) at least one follow-up visit. RESULTS Of patients referred to outpatient PC (N = 6,871), 60% completed an initial visit; 66% of those who established care returned for follow-up. In multivariable models, patients who were less likely to complete an initial visit were older (OR per decade 0.94; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.89-0.98), Black (OR 0.71; 95% CI 0.56-0.90), Latinx (OR 0.69; 95% CI 0.57-0.83), unpartnered (OR 0.80; 95% CI 0.71-0.90), and had Medicaid (OR 0.82; 95% CI 0.69-0.97). Among patients who completed an initial visit, those less likely to complete a follow-up visit were older (OR 0.88; 95% CI 0.82-0.94), male (OR 0.83; 95% CI 0.71-0.96), preferred a language other than English (0.71; 95% CI 0.54-0.95), and had a serious illness other than cancer (OR 0.74; 95% CI 0.61-0.90). CONCLUSION We found that Black and Latinx patients were less likely to complete an initial visit and those with a preferred language other than English were less likely to complete a follow-up visit. To promote equity in PC, these differences and their impact on outcomes must be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean C Digitale
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics (J.C.D.), University of California San Francisco , San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Sarah S Nouri
- Division of Palliative Medicine, Department of Medicine (S.S.N., E.L.C, M.W.R., S.Z.P, K.E.B.), University of California San Francisco , San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Eve L Cohen
- Division of Palliative Medicine, Department of Medicine (S.S.N., E.L.C, M.W.R., S.Z.P, K.E.B.), University of California San Francisco , San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Brook A Calton
- Division of Palliative Medicine and Geriatrics, Department of Medicine (B.A.C.), Massachusetts General Hospital , Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael W Rabow
- Division of Palliative Medicine, Department of Medicine (S.S.N., E.L.C, M.W.R., S.Z.P, K.E.B.), University of California San Francisco , San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Steven Z Pantilat
- Division of Palliative Medicine, Department of Medicine (S.S.N., E.L.C, M.W.R., S.Z.P, K.E.B.), University of California San Francisco , San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Kara E Bischoff
- Division of Palliative Medicine, Department of Medicine (S.S.N., E.L.C, M.W.R., S.Z.P, K.E.B.), University of California San Francisco , San Francisco, California, USA.
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Schwei RJ, Hoang L, Wilson P, Greene MZ, Lor M, Shah MN, Pulia MS. Patient-centered care outcomes for patients in the emergency department with a non-English language preference: A scoping review. PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2023; 114:107875. [PMID: 37399665 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2023.107875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This review highlights what is known about patient-centered care outcomes (PCCOs) for emergency department (ED) patients with non-English language preferences (NELP). METHODS Four databases were searched and included article were written in English, presented primary evidence, published in a peer-reviewed journal, and reported PCCOs from the perspective of ED patients with NELP. PCCOs were defined using the Institute of Medicine definition, outcomes that evaluate respect and responsiveness to patient preferences, needs and values. Two reviewers assessed all articles, extracted data, and resolved discrepancies. PCCOs were grouped in categories (needs, preferences, and values) based on the definition's domains. RESULTS Of the 6524 potentially eligible studies, 20 met inclusion criteria. Of these, 16 focused on needs; 4 on preferences and 8 on values. Within patient need, five studies found a large unmet need for language services. Within patient value, three found that language discordance negatively influenced perceptions of care. CONCLUSIONS Most studies in this review found that not speaking English negatively influenced perceptions of care and highlighted a large unmet need for language services in the ED. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS More work needs to be done to characterize PCCOs in ED patients with NELP and develop interventions to improve care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J Schwei
- 800 University Bay Drive, Suite 310, Madison, WI 53705, USA; BerbeeWalsh Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Wisconsin Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Suite 310, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
| | - Ly Hoang
- 800 University Bay Drive, Suite 310, Madison, WI 53705, USA; BerbeeWalsh Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Wisconsin Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Suite 310, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Paije Wilson
- Ebling Library for the Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, 750 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Madelyne Z Greene
- School of Nursing, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 701 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Maichou Lor
- School of Nursing, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 701 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Manish N Shah
- 800 University Bay Drive, Suite 310, Madison, WI 53705, USA; BerbeeWalsh Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Wisconsin Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Suite 310, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Medicine (Geriatrics and Gerontology), University of Wisconsin Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, 1685 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53792, USA; Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Wisconsin Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Warf Office Bldg, 610 Walnut St. #707, Madison, WI 53726, USA
| | - Michael S Pulia
- 800 University Bay Drive, Suite 310, Madison, WI 53705, USA; BerbeeWalsh Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Wisconsin Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Suite 310, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Industrial and Syste ms Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 3107 Mechanical Engineering Building, 1513 University Ave, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Endalamaw A, Erku D, Khatri RB, Nigatu F, Wolka E, Zewdie A, Assefa Y. Successes, weaknesses, and recommendations to strengthen primary health care: a scoping review. Arch Public Health 2023; 81:100. [PMID: 37268966 DOI: 10.1186/s13690-023-01116-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary health care (PHC) is a roadmap for achieving universal health coverage (UHC). There were several fragmented and inconclusive pieces of evidence needed to be synthesized. Hence, we synthesized evidence to fully understand the successes, weaknesses, effective strategies, and barriers of PHC. METHODS We followed the PRISMA extension for scoping reviews checklist. Qualitative, quantitative, or mixed-approach studies were included. The result synthesis is in a realistic approach with identifying which strategies and challenges existed at which country, in what context and why it happens. RESULTS A total of 10,556 articles were found. Of these, 134 articles were included for the final synthesis. Most studies (86 articles) were quantitative followed by qualitative (26 articles), and others (16 review and 6 mixed methods). Countries sought varying degrees of success and weakness. Strengths of PHC include less costly community health workers services, increased health care coverage and improved health outcomes. Declined continuity of care, less comprehensive in specialized care settings and ineffective reform were weaknesses in some countries. There were effective strategies: leadership, financial system, 'Diagonal investment', adequate health workforce, expanding PHC institutions, after-hour services, telephone appointment, contracting with non-governmental partners, a 'Scheduling Model', a strong referral system and measurement tools. On the other hand, high health care cost, client's bad perception of health care, inadequate health workers, language problem and lack of quality of circle were barriers. CONCLUSIONS There was heterogeneous progress towards PHC vision. A country with a higher UHC effective service coverage index does not reflect its effectiveness in all aspects of PHC. Continuing monitoring and evaluation of PHC system, subsidies to the poor, and training and recruiting an adequate health workforce will keep PHC progress on track. The results of this review can be used as a guide for future research in selecting exploratory and outcome parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aklilu Endalamaw
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
- College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia.
| | - Daniel Erku
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Centre for Applied Health Economics, School of Medicine, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Resham B Khatri
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Health Social Science and Development Research Institute, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Frehiwot Nigatu
- International Institute for Primary Health Care in Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Eskinder Wolka
- International Institute for Primary Health Care in Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Anteneh Zewdie
- International Institute for Primary Health Care in Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Yibeltal Assefa
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Hill JN, Krüger K, Boczor S, Kloppe T, von dem Knesebeck O, Scherer M. Patient-centredness in primary care walk-in clinics for refugees in Hamburg. BMC PRIMARY CARE 2023; 24:112. [PMID: 37149641 PMCID: PMC10163696 DOI: 10.1186/s12875-023-02060-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The huge increase of refugees to Germany caused a great challenge to the health system. We aimed to examine the level of patient-centredness in medical consultations with refugee patients, aided by video interpreters in primary care walk-in clinics (PCWC) in Hamburg. METHODS Videotaped consultations (N = 92) of 83 patients from 2017 to 2018 were analysed. Two raters used the Measure of Patient-Centered Communication (MPCC) and the International Classification of primary care (ICPC-2). MPCC scores with regard to patients' reason for seeking medical care and the procedures taken were explored using variance analyses adjusted for age, gender, and the duration of the consultation. The duration was further explored by Pearson correlations. RESULTS Patient-centredness of all consultations on average was 64% (95% CI 60-67) according to MPCC, with health-related issues affecting the results. The highest level of patient-centredness was achieved in psychological health issues with 79% (65-94), the lowest in respiratory ones with 55% (49-61). Longer consultations resulted in higher MPCC scores. CONCLUSIONS The level of patient-centredness varied in the addressed health issues as well as in the duration of the consultation. Despite the variation, video interpreting in consultations supports a solid patient-centredness. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS We recommend the use of remote video interpreting services for outpatient healthcare to support patient-centred communication and to fill the gap of underrepresentation of qualified interpreters on site, regarding a high diversity of spoken languages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josephine Nana Hill
- Institute of Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Katarina Krüger
- Department of General Practice and Primary Care, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sigrid Boczor
- Department of General Practice and Primary Care, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Kloppe
- Department of General Practice and Primary Care, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Olaf von dem Knesebeck
- Institute of Medical Sociology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Martin Scherer
- Department of General Practice and Primary Care, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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13
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Bregio C, Finik J, Baird M, Ortega P, Roter D, Karliner L, Diamond LC. Exploring the Impact of Language Concordance on Cancer Communication. JCO Oncol Pract 2022; 18:e1885-e1898. [PMID: 36112970 PMCID: PMC9653203 DOI: 10.1200/op.22.00040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Patients with cancer who have limited English proficiency are more likely to experience inequities in cancer knowledge, timely care, and access to clinical trials. Matching patients with language-concordant clinicians and working with professional interpreters can effectively reduce language-related disparities, but little data are available regarding the impact of language-concordant interactions in oncology care. This study aimed to assess the use of the Roter Interaction Analysis System (RIAS) in language-concordant and -discordant interactions for patients with non-English language preference presenting for an initial oncology visit at four New York City hospitals. METHODS We used the RIAS, a validated tool for qualitative coding and quantitative analysis, to evaluate interactions between 34 patients and 16 clinicians. The pairings were stratified into dyads: English language-concordant (n = 12); professionally interpreted (n = 11); partially language-concordant (n = 4, partially bilingual clinicians who communicated in Spanish and/or used ad hoc interpreters); and Spanish language-concordant (n = 7). A trained Spanish-speaking coder analyzed the recordings using established RIAS codes. RESULTS Spanish language-concordant clinicians had almost two-fold greater number of statements about biomedical information than English language-concordant clinicians. Spanish language-concordant patients had a higher tendency to engage in positive talk such as expressing agreement. The number of partnership/facilitation-related statements was equivalent for English and Spanish language-concordant groups but lower in professionally interpreted and partially language-concordant dyads. CONCLUSION Language concordance may facilitate more effective biomedical counseling and therapeutic relationships between oncology clinicians and patients. Future research should further explore the impact of language concordance on cancer-specific health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celyn Bregio
- Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Jackie Finik
- Immigrant Health and Cancer Disparities Service, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Morgan Baird
- Immigrant Health and Cancer Disparities Service, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
| | - Pilar Ortega
- Department of Medical Education, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Illinois College of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Debra Roter
- Department of Health Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD
| | - Leah Karliner
- Center for Aging in Diverse Communities, University of California, San Francisco, CA
- Multiethnic Health Equity Research Center, University of California, San Francisco, CA
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA
| | - Lisa C. Diamond
- Hospital Medicine Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY
- Department of Population Health Sciences, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
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14
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Joo JH, Rostov P, Feeser S, Berkowitz S, Lyketsos C. Engaging an Asian Immigrant Older Adult in Depression Care: Collaborative Care, Patient-Provider Communication and Ethnic Identity. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 2021; 29:1267-1273. [PMID: 34419363 PMCID: PMC8808368 DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2021.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Minority older adults face multiple barriers when trying to access mental health services and often present with more severe symptoms of mental health conditions. We describe the multilevel factors that contributed to the engagement of an Asian immigrant older adult with depression. Systems-level innovations such as collaborative care in primary care can increase access to care for all, including minority older adults; however, one size fits all interventions may not meet the needs of communities of older adults with different life experiences, language needs, norms and values regarding help-seeking for mental health. Health outcomes remain unequal , suggesting the need to tailor interventions for minority older adults. For the patient, specific factors related to language and ethnic concordance between patient and healthcare provider, communication behaviors, ethnic identity, and social norms may be important to take into account. The recognition of the heterogeneity of patients and the limitations of cultural competence approaches defined as broad, general knowledge about ethnic cultures may be needed. A need to learn continuously from clinical experience and adopt a patient-oriented model of communication and decision-making may successfully engage Asian immigrant older adults in depression care services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hui Joo
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine (JJ, PR, CL), Baltimore, MD.
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Howard JM, Patel A, Bagrodia A. Reply. Urology 2021; 163:126-131. [PMID: 34343562 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2021.05.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare pre-orchiectomy sperm cryopreservation use in testicular cancer patients at a private tertiary care academic center and an affiliated public safety-net hospital. METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent radical orchiectomy for testicular cancer at a private tertiary-care hospital, which cared primarily for patients with private health insurance, and at a public "safety-net" facility, which cared for patients regardless of insurance status. Clinical and demographic predictors of cryopreservation use prior to orchiectomy were determined by chart review. RESULTS A total of 201 patients formed the study cohort, 106 (53%) at the safety-net hospital and 95 (47%) at the private hospital. Safety net patients were more likely to be non-White (82% vs 15%, p < 0.001), uninsured (80% vs 12%, p < 0.001), Spanish speaking (38% vs 5.6%, p < 0.001), and to reside in areas in the bottom quartile of income (41% vs 5.6%, p < 0.001). On multivariable analysis, treatment at the private tertiary care center was strongly associated with use of cryopreservation (OR 5.60, 95% CI 1.74 - 20.4, p = 0.005, though the effects of specific demographic factors could not be elucidated due to collinearity. CONCLUSIONS Among patients with testicular cancer, disparities exist in use of sperm cryopreservation between the private and safety-net settings. Barriers to the use of cryopreservation in the safety-net population should be sought and addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey M Howard
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Akshat Patel
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Aditya Bagrodia
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.
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Garcia ME, Hinton L, Gregorich SE, Livaudais-Toman J, Kaplan CP, Feldman M, Karliner L. Primary Care Physician Recognition and Documentation of Depressive Symptoms Among Chinese and Latinx Patients During Routine Visits: A Cross-Sectional Study. Health Equity 2021; 5:236-244. [PMID: 33937610 PMCID: PMC8082035 DOI: 10.1089/heq.2020.0104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Asian and Latinx individuals have a high burden of untreated depression. Under-recognition of depressive symptoms may contribute to existing disparities in depression treatment. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to determine whether physicians recognize and treat depressive symptoms for Chinese and Latinx patients during routine primary care visits. Methods: We analyzed data from 1171 Chinese and Latinx patients who were interviewed within 1 week after a primary care visit in a large academic practice, which had not yet implemented universal depression screening. We included participants with depressive symptoms (defined as a Patient Health Questionaire-2 score ≥3) and no prior history of depression (N=118). We investigated whether patients perceived having a mental health need in the prior year and conducted chart reviews to assess provider recognition of depressive symptoms, defined as documentation of symptoms, antidepressant initiation, or mental health referral within 30 days of the visit. We further examined differences by race/ethnicity and language preference. Results: Among the 118 patients with depressive symptoms and no prior depression diagnosis (mean age 68), 71 (61%) reported a mental health need in the prior 12 months; however, providers recognized depressive symptoms in only 8/118 patients (7%). The number of patients with recognized symptoms was small across race/ethnicity and language preference groups and we found no significant differences. Conclusion: Physicians recognized and documented depressive symptoms for 1 in 10 Chinese and Latinx patients during routine primary care visits. Targeted efforts are needed to address under-recognition of symptoms and improve depression care for these populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria E. Garcia
- Center for Aging in Diverse Communities, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Multiethnic Health Equity Research Center, Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Ladson Hinton
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California, Davis, California, USA
| | - Steven E. Gregorich
- Center for Aging in Diverse Communities, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Multiethnic Health Equity Research Center, Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jennifer Livaudais-Toman
- Multiethnic Health Equity Research Center, Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Celia P. Kaplan
- Center for Aging in Diverse Communities, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Multiethnic Health Equity Research Center, Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Mitchell Feldman
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Leah Karliner
- Center for Aging in Diverse Communities, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Multiethnic Health Equity Research Center, Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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