1
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Sharma PK, Jerosha S, Subramonian SG, Raja R S, RK K. Cobblestone lissencephaly (Type II), clinical, and neuroimaging: A case report and literature review. Radiol Case Rep 2024; 19:4794-4803. [PMID: 39228958 PMCID: PMC11367506 DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2024.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Cobblestone lissencephaly (C-LIS) (TYPE II) is a rare and severe neuronal migration disorder characterized by a smooth brain surface with overmigrated neurons and abnormal formation of cerebral convolutions or gyri during fetal development, resulting in a cobblestone appearance. C-LIS is associated with eye anomalies and muscular dystrophy. This case report presents a detailed clinical and neuroimaging analysis of a patient diagnosed with cobblestone lissencephaly (Type II). It reviews pertinent literature to enhance our understanding of this complex condition. We report a case of a 6-year-old female child with cobblestone lissencephaly (C-LIS) (Type II) severe developmental delays, hypotonia, and recurrent intractable seizures. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a characteristic cobblestone appearance on the brain surface, indicative of abnormal neuronal migration. In addition to the classic findings of Type II Cobblestone lissencephaly, the patient displayed ventriculomegaly and cerebellar hypoplasia, contributing to the overall neurological impairment observed. The literature review highlights the genetic basis of cobblestone lissencephaly, emphasizing the involvement of genes associated with glycosylation processes and basement membrane integrity. Neuroimaging findings, including MRI and computed tomography scans, are crucial for accurate diagnosis and prognostication. Early identification of cobblestone lissencephaly allows for appropriate counseling and management strategies. However, the prognosis remains guarded, and interventions primarily focus on supportive care and seizure management. This case report contributes to the knowledge of cobblestone lissencephaly, shedding light on the clinical spectrum and neuroimaging features associated with this rare disorder. To clarify the underlying genetic mechanisms and possible therapeutic pathways for better patient outcomes, more investigation is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Praveen K. Sharma
- Department of Radiology, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 602105, India
| | - Stany Jerosha
- Department of Radiology, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 602105, India
| | - Sakthi Ganesh Subramonian
- Department of Radiology, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 602105, India
| | - Sam Raja R
- Department of Radiology, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 602105, India
| | - Karpagam RK
- Department of Radiology, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, Tamil Nadu 602105, India
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2
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Eker D, Gurkan H, Karal Y, Yalcintepe S, Demir S, Atli E, Karasalihoglu ST. Investigating the Genetic Etiology of Pediatric Patients with Peripheral Hypotonia Using the Next-Generation Sequencing Method. Glob Med Genet 2022; 9:200-207. [PMID: 35846108 PMCID: PMC9286875 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1745873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background
Hypotonia occurs as a result of neurological dysfunction in the brain, brainstem, spinal cord, motor neurons, anterior horn cells, peripheral nerves, and muscles. Although the genotype–phenotype correlation can be established in 15 to 30% of patients, it is difficult to obtain a correlation in most cases.
Aims
This study was aimed to investigate the genetic etiology in cases of peripheral hypotonia that could not be diagnosed using conventional methods.
Methods
A total of 18 pediatric patients with peripheral hypotonia were included. They were referred to our genetic disorders diagnosis center from the Pediatric Neurology Department with a prediagnosis of hypotonia. A custom designed multigene panel, including
ACTA1
,
CCDC78
,
DYNC1H1
,
GARS
,
RYR1
,
COL6A1
,
COL6A2
,
COL6A3
,
FKRP
,
FKTN
,
IGHMBP2
,
LMNA
,
LAMA2
,
LARGE1
,
MTM1
,
NEM
,
POMGnT1
,
POMT1
,
POMT2
, and
SEPN1
, was used for genetic analysis using next-generation sequencing (NGS).
Results
In our study, we found 13 variants including pathogenic (two variants in LAMA2) and likely pathogenic variants (three variants in RYR1 and POMGnT1) and variants of uncertain clinical significance (eight variants in RYR1, COL6A3, COL6A2, POMGnT1 and POMT1) in 11 (61%) out of 18 patients. In one of our patients, a homozygous, likely pathogenic c.1649G > A, p.(Ser550Asn) variant was defined in the
POMGnT1
gene which was associated with a muscle–eye–brain disease phenotype.
Conclusion
The contribution of an in-house designed gene panel in the etiology of peripheral hypotonia with a clinical diagnosis was 5.5%. An important contribution with the clinical diagnosis can be made using the targeted multigene panels in larger samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damla Eker
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Hakan Gurkan
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Karal
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Sinem Yalcintepe
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Selma Demir
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Engin Atli
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
| | - Serap T. Karasalihoglu
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Trakya University, Edirne, Turkey
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3
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Song D, Dai Y, Chen X, Fu X, Chang X, Wang N, Zhang C, Yan C, Zheng H, Wu L, Jiang L, Hua Y, Yang H, Wang Z, Dai T, Zhu W, Han C, Yuan Y, Kobayashi K, Toda T, Xiong H. Genetic variations and clinical spectrum of dystroglycanopathy in a large cohort of Chinese patients. Clin Genet 2021; 99:384-395. [PMID: 33200426 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Dystroglycanopathy is a group of muscular dystrophies with deficient glycosylation of alpha-dystroglycan (α-DG). We recruited patients from 36 tertiary academic hospitals in China. In total, 143 patients with genetically diagnosed dystroglycanopathy were enrolled. Of these, limb girdle muscular dystrophy was the most common initial diagnosis (83 patients) and Walker-Warburg syndrome was the least common (1 patient). In 143 patients, mutations in FKRP gene were the most prevalent (62 patients), followed by POMT2, POMT1 (16), POMGNT1, ISPD (14), FKTN, GMPPB, B3GALNT2, DPM3, and DAG1. Several frequent mutations were identified in FKRP, POMT1, POMGNT1, ISPD, and FKTN genes. Many of these were founder mutations. Patients with FKRP mutations tended to have milder phenotypes, while those with mutations in POMGNT1 genes had more severe phenotypes. Mental retardation was a clinical feature associated with mutations of POMT1 gene. Detailed clinical data of 83 patients followed up in Peking University First Hospital were further analyzed. Our clinical and genetic analysis of a large cohort of Chinese patients with dystroglycanopathy expanded the genotype variation and clinical spectrum of congenital muscular dystrophies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danyu Song
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Dai
- Department of Neurology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyu Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaona Fu
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xingzhi Chang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Wang
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Cheng Zhang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuanzhu Yan
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hong Zheng
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Liwen Wu
- Department of Neurology, Hunan Children's Hospital, Changsha, China
| | - Li Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying Hua
- Department of Neurology, Wuxi Children's Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Haipo Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiqiang Wang
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Tingjun Dai
- Department of Neurology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wenhua Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunxi Han
- Department of Neurology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yun Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Kazuhiro Kobayashi
- Division of Neurology/Molecular Brain Science, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Tatsushi Toda
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hui Xiong
- Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital, Beijing, China
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4
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Arreguin AJ, Colognato H. Brain Dysfunction in LAMA2-Related Congenital Muscular Dystrophy: Lessons From Human Case Reports and Mouse Models. Front Mol Neurosci 2020; 13:118. [PMID: 32792907 PMCID: PMC7390928 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2020.00118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Laminin α2 gene (LAMA2)-related Congenital Muscular Dystrophy (CMD) was distinguished by a defining central nervous system (CNS) abnormality—aberrant white matter signals by MRI—when first described in the 1990s. In the past 25 years, researchers and clinicians have expanded our knowledge of brain involvement in LAMA2-related CMD, also known as Congenital Muscular Dystrophy Type 1A (MDC1A). Neurological changes in MDC1A can be structural, including lissencephaly and agyria, as well as functional, including epilepsy and intellectual disability. Mouse models of MDC1A include both spontaneous and targeted LAMA2 mutations and range from a partial loss of LAMA2 function (e.g., dy2J/dy2J), to a complete loss of LAMA2 expression (dy3K/dy3K). Diverse cellular and molecular changes have been reported in the brains of MDC1A mouse models, including blood-brain barrier dysfunction, altered neuro- and gliogenesis, changes in synaptic plasticity, and decreased myelination, providing mechanistic insight into potential neurological dysfunction in MDC1A. In this review article, we discuss selected studies that illustrate the potential scope and complexity of disturbances in brain development in MDC1A, and as well as highlight mechanistic insights that are emerging from mouse models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea J Arreguin
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States.,Medical Scientist Training Program (MSTP), Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
| | - Holly Colognato
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, United States
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5
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Congenital hearing impairment associated with peripheral cochlear nerve dysmyelination in glycosylation-deficient muscular dystrophy. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1008826. [PMID: 32453729 PMCID: PMC7274486 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hearing loss (HL) is one of the most common sensory impairments and etiologically and genetically heterogeneous disorders in humans. Muscular dystrophies (MDs) are neuromuscular disorders characterized by progressive degeneration of skeletal muscle accompanied by non-muscular symptoms. Aberrant glycosylation of α-dystroglycan causes at least eighteen subtypes of MD, now categorized as MD-dystroglycanopathy (MD-DG), with a wide spectrum of non-muscular symptoms. Despite a growing number of MD-DG subtypes and increasing evidence regarding their molecular pathogeneses, no comprehensive study has investigated sensorineural HL (SNHL) in MD-DG. Here, we found that two mouse models of MD-DG, Largemyd/myd and POMGnT1-KO mice, exhibited congenital, non-progressive, and mild-to-moderate SNHL in auditory brainstem response (ABR) accompanied by extended latency of wave I. Profoundly abnormal myelination was found at the peripheral segment of the cochlear nerve, which is rich in the glycosylated α-dystroglycan–laminin complex and demarcated by “the glial dome.” In addition, patients with Fukuyama congenital MD, a type of MD-DG, also had latent SNHL with extended latency of wave I in ABR. Collectively, these findings indicate that hearing impairment associated with impaired Schwann cell-mediated myelination at the peripheral segment of the cochlear nerve is a notable symptom of MD-DG. Hearing loss (HL) is one of the most common sensory impairments and heterogeneous disorders in humans. Up to 60% of HL cases are caused by genetic factors, and approximately 30% of genetic HL cases are syndromic. Although 400–700 genetic syndromes are associated with sensorineural HL (SNHL), caused due to problems in the nerve pathways from the cochlea to the brain, only about 45 genes are known to be associated with syndromic HL. Muscular dystrophies (MDs) are neuromuscular disorders characterized by progressive degeneration of skeletal muscle accompanied by non-muscular symptoms. MD-dystroglycanopathy (MD-DG), caused by aberrant glycosylation of α-dystroglycan, is an MD subtype with a wide spectrum of non-muscular symptoms. Despite a growing number of MD-DG subtypes (at least 18), no comprehensive study has investigated SNHL in MD-DG. Here, we found that hearing impairment was associated with abnormal myelination of the peripheral segment of the cochlear nerve caused by impaired dystrophin–dystroglycan complex in two mouse models (type 3 and 6) of MD-DG and in patients (type 4) with MD-DG. This is the first comprehensive study investigating SNHL in MD-DG. Our findings may provide new insights into understanding the pathogenic characteristics and mechanisms underlying inherited syndromic hearing impairment.
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6
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Angelini C, Pinzan E. Advances in imaging of brain abnormalities in neuromuscular disease. Ther Adv Neurol Disord 2019; 12:1756286419845567. [PMID: 31105770 PMCID: PMC6503605 DOI: 10.1177/1756286419845567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain atrophy, white matter abnormalities, and ventricular enlargement have been described in different neuromuscular diseases (NMDs). We aimed to provide a comprehensive overview of the substantial advancement of brain imaging in neuromuscular diseases by consulting the main libraries (Pubmed, Scopus and Google Scholar) including the more common forms of muscular dystrophies such as dystrophinopathies, dystroglycanopathies, myotonic dystrophies, facioscapulohumeral dystrophy, limb-girdle muscular dystrophy, congenital myotonia, and congenital myopathies. A consistent, widespread cortical and subcortical involvement of grey and white matter was found. Abnormalities in the functional connectivity in brain networks and metabolic alterations were observed with positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Pathological brain changes with cognitive dysfunction seemed to be frequently associated in NMDs. In particular, in congenital muscular dystrophies (CMDs), skeletal muscular weakness, severe hypotonia, WM abnormalities, ventricular dilatation and abnormalities in cerebral gyration were observed. In dystroglycanopathy 2I subtype (LGMD2I), adult patients showed subcortical atrophy and a WM periventricular involvement, moderate ventriculomegaly, and enlargement of subarachnoid spaces. Correlations with clinical features have been observed with brain imaging characteristics and alterations were prominent in congenital or childhood onset cases. In myotonic dystrophy type 2 (DM2) symptoms seem to be less severe than in type 1 (DM1). In Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophies (DMD, BMD) cortical atrophy is associated with minimal ventricular dilatation and WM abnormalities. Late-onset glycogenosis type II (GSD II) or Pompe infantile forms are characterized by delayed myelination. Only in a few cases of oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD) central nervous system involvement has been described and associated with executive functions impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corrado Angelini
- Fondazione Ospedale San Camillo IRCCS, Via
Alberoni 70, Venezia, 30126, Italia
| | - Elena Pinzan
- Fondazione Ospedale San Camillo IRCCS, Venezia,
Italia
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7
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Francisco R, Pascoal C, Marques-da-Silva D, Morava E, Gole GA, Coman D, Jaeken J, Dos Reis Ferreira V. Keeping an eye on congenital disorders of O-glycosylation: A systematic literature review. J Inherit Metab Dis 2019; 42:29-48. [PMID: 30740740 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Congenital disorders of glycosylation (CDG) are a rapidly growing family comprising >100 genetic diseases. Some 25 CDG are pure O-glycosylation defects. Even among this CDG subgroup, phenotypic diversity is broad, ranging from mild to severe poly-organ/system dysfunction. Ophthalmic manifestations are present in 60% of these CDG. The ophthalmic manifestations in N-glycosylation-deficient patients have been described elsewhere. The present review documents the spectrum and incidence of eye disorders in patients with pure O-glycosylation defects with the aim of assisting diagnosis and management and promoting research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Francisco
- UCIBIO, Departamento Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Portuguese Association for CDG, Lisbon, Portugal
- CDG & Allies - Professionals and Patient Associations International Network (CDG & Allies - PPAIN), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Carlota Pascoal
- UCIBIO, Departamento Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Portuguese Association for CDG, Lisbon, Portugal
- CDG & Allies - Professionals and Patient Associations International Network (CDG & Allies - PPAIN), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Dorinda Marques-da-Silva
- UCIBIO, Departamento Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
- Portuguese Association for CDG, Lisbon, Portugal
- CDG & Allies - Professionals and Patient Associations International Network (CDG & Allies - PPAIN), Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Eva Morava
- CDG & Allies - Professionals and Patient Associations International Network (CDG & Allies - PPAIN), Lisbon, Portugal
- Center for Metabolic Disease, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Glen A Gole
- CDG & Allies - Professionals and Patient Associations International Network (CDG & Allies - PPAIN), Lisbon, Portugal
- Discipline of Paediatrics and Child Health, University of Queensland, Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - David Coman
- CDG & Allies - Professionals and Patient Associations International Network (CDG & Allies - PPAIN), Lisbon, Portugal
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, The Lady Cilento Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jaak Jaeken
- CDG & Allies - Professionals and Patient Associations International Network (CDG & Allies - PPAIN), Lisbon, Portugal
- Center for Metabolic Disease, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Vanessa Dos Reis Ferreira
- Portuguese Association for CDG, Lisbon, Portugal
- CDG & Allies - Professionals and Patient Associations International Network (CDG & Allies - PPAIN), Lisbon, Portugal
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8
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Abdullah S, Hawkins C, Wilson G, Yoon G, Mertens L, Carter MT, Guerin A. Noncompaction cardiomyopathy in an infant with Walker-Warburg syndrome. Am J Med Genet A 2017; 173:3082-3086. [PMID: 28980384 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.38394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Walker-Warburg syndrome (WWS) is a rare autosomal recessive, congenital muscular dystrophy that is associated with brain and eye anomalies. Several genes encoding proteins involved in α-dystroglycan glycosylation have been implicated in the aetiology of WWS. We describe a patient with nonclassical features of WWS presenting with heart failure related to noncompaction cardiomyopathy resulting in death at 4 months of age. Muscle biopsy revealed absent α-dystroglycan on immunostaining and genetic testing confirmed the diagnosis with two previously described POMT2 mutations. This is the first reported case of WWS syndrome associated with noncompaction cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Abdullah
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Kingston General Hospital, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada
| | - Cynthia Hawkins
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Gregory Wilson
- Division of Pathology, Department of Pediatric Laboratory Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Grace Yoon
- Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Luc Mertens
- Division of Cardiology, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Melissa T Carter
- Regional Genetics Program, The Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Andrea Guerin
- Division of Medical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Kingston General Hospital, Queen's University, Kingston, Canada.,Division of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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9
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Novel copy number variation of POMGNT1 associated with muscle-eye-brain disease detected by next-generation sequencing. Sci Rep 2017; 7:7056. [PMID: 28765568 PMCID: PMC5539251 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07349-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The protein O-mannose beta-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase 1 (POMGNT1) gene is one of 18 genes involved in the pathogenesis of α-dystroglycanopathies(α-DGPs) such as muscle-eye-brain disease (MEB). Our study aimed to retrospectively analyze and characterize the clinical and genetic features of three MEB patients with POMGNT1 mutations. One female and two male patients from three unrelated families were diagnosed with MEB, manifesting hypotonia at birth, mental retardation, structural brain defects, and ocular malformations. The novel missense mutations c.296 T > C and c.794 G > C were revealed in patient 2 and patient 3 respectively by next-generation sequencing (NGS). Further NGS data analysis revealed that all three patients had the same novel copy number variations (CNV) g.6668-8257del, which was homozygous in patient 1 and heterozygous in patients 2 and 3. By long-range polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Sanger sequencing, it was shown that the two breakpoints of the CNV localized to two AluY elements and displayed 42-bp of microhomology. The CNV was confirmed as a founder mutation by haplotype analysis. Our study indicated that NGS is a clinically useful method of detecting α-DGPs genes -related CNV, and the CNV is likely to be caused by Alu-Alu recombination or from a single ancestor bearing the deletion chromosome.
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10
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Falsaperla R, Praticò AD, Ruggieri M, Parano E, Rizzo R, Corsello G, Vitaliti G, Pavone P. Congenital muscular dystrophy: from muscle to brain. Ital J Pediatr 2016; 42:78. [PMID: 27576556 PMCID: PMC5006267 DOI: 10.1186/s13052-016-0289-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 08/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital muscular dystrophies (CMDs) are a wide group of muscular disorders that manifest with very early onset of muscular weakness, sometime associated to severe brain involvement.The histologic pattern of muscle anomalies is typical of dystrophic lesions but quite variable depending on the different stages and on the severity of the disorder.Recent classification of CMDs have been reported most of which based on the combination of clinical, biochemical, molecular and genetic findings, but genotype/phenotype correlation are in constant progression due to more diffuse utilization of the molecular analysis.In this article, the Authors report on CMDs belonging to the group of dystroglycanopathies and in particular on the most severe forms represented by the Fukuyama CMD, Muscle-Eye-Brain disease and Walker Walburg syndrome.Clinical diagnosis of infantile hypotonia is particularly difficult considering the different etiologic factors causing the lesions, the difficulty in localizing the involved CNS area (central vs. peripheral) and the limited role of the diagnostic procedures at this early age.The diagnostic evaluation is not easy mainly in differentiating the various types of CMDs, and represents a challenge for the neonatologists and pediatricians. Suggestions are reported on the way to reach a correct diagnosis with the appropriate use of the diagnostic means.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Falsaperla
- Unit of Pediatrics and Pediatric Emergency, University Hospital “Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele”, Catania, Italy
| | - Andrea D. Praticò
- Section of Pediatrics and Child Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Martino Ruggieri
- Section of Pediatrics and Child Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Enrico Parano
- National Research Council—Section of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Renata Rizzo
- Section of Pediatrics and Child Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Giovanni Corsello
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, University of Palermo, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giovanna Vitaliti
- Unit of Pediatrics and Pediatric Emergency, University Hospital “Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele”, Catania, Italy
| | - Piero Pavone
- Unit of Pediatrics and Pediatric Emergency, University Hospital “Policlinico-Vittorio Emanuele”, Catania, Italy
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11
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Xu M, Yamada T, Sun Z, Eblimit A, Lopez I, Wang F, Manya H, Xu S, Zhao L, Li Y, Kimchi A, Sharon D, Sui R, Endo T, Koenekoop RK, Chen R. Mutations in POMGNT1 cause non-syndromic retinitis pigmentosa. Hum Mol Genet 2016; 25:1479-88. [PMID: 26908613 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A growing number of human diseases have been linked to defects in protein glycosylation that affects a wide range of organs. Among them, O-mannosylation is an unusual type of protein glycosylation that is largely restricted to the muscular and nerve system. Consistently, mutations in genes involved in the O-mannosylation pathway result in infantile-onset, severe developmental defects involving skeleton muscle, brain and eye, such as the muscle-eye-brain disease (MIM no. 253280). However, the functional importance of O-mannosylation in these tissues at later stages remains largely unknown. In our study, we have identified recessive mutations in POMGNT1, which encodes an essential component in O-mannosylation pathway, in three unrelated families with autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa (RP), but without extraocular involvement. Enzymatic assay of these mutant alleles demonstrate that they greatly reduce the POMGNT1 enzymatic activity and are likely to be hypomorphic. Immunohistochemistry shows that POMGNT1 is specifically expressed in photoreceptor basal body. Taken together, our work identifies a novel disease-causing gene for RP and indicates that proper protein O-mannosylation is not only essential for early organ development, but also important for maintaining survival and function of the highly specialized retinal cells at later stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingchu Xu
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Human Genome Sequencing Center
| | - Takeyuki Yamada
- Molecular Glycobiology, Research Team for Mechanism of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Zixi Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Aiden Eblimit
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Human Genome Sequencing Center
| | - Irma Lopez
- McGill Ocular Genetics Laboratory, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H3H 1P3, Canada and
| | - Feng Wang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Human Genome Sequencing Center
| | - Hiroshi Manya
- Molecular Glycobiology, Research Team for Mechanism of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Shan Xu
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Human Genome Sequencing Center
| | - Li Zhao
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Human Genome Sequencing Center, Structural and Computational Biology and Molecular Biophysics Graduate Program
| | - Yumei Li
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Human Genome Sequencing Center
| | - Adva Kimchi
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Dror Sharon
- Departments of Ophthalmology, Hadassah-Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem 91120, Israel
| | - Ruifang Sui
- Department of Ophthalmology, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Tamao Endo
- Molecular Glycobiology, Research Team for Mechanism of Aging, Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital and Institute of Gerontology, Tokyo 173-0015, Japan
| | - Robert K Koenekoop
- McGill Ocular Genetics Laboratory, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H3H 1P3, Canada and
| | - Rui Chen
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Human Genome Sequencing Center, Structural and Computational Biology and Molecular Biophysics Graduate Program, The Verna and Marrs Mclean Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA,
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12
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Long-term survival in a patient with muscle-eye-brain disease. Neurol Sci 2015; 36:2147-9. [PMID: 26152802 DOI: 10.1007/s10072-015-2321-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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13
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Tully HM, Dobyns WB. Infantile hydrocephalus: a review of epidemiology, classification and causes. Eur J Med Genet 2014; 57:359-68. [PMID: 24932902 PMCID: PMC4334358 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2014.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Hydrocephalus is a common but complex condition caused by physical or functional obstruction of CSF flow that leads to progressive ventricular dilatation. Though hydrocephalus was recently estimated to affect 1.1 in 1000 infants, there have been few systematic assessments of the causes of hydrocephalus in this age group, which makes it a challenging condition to approach as a scientist or as a clinician. Here, we review contemporary literature on the epidemiology, classification and pathogenesis of infantile hydrocephalus. We describe the major environmental and genetic causes of hydrocephalus, with the goal of providing a framework to assess infants with hydrocephalus and guide future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah M Tully
- Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - William B Dobyns
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetic Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA; Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
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