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Binding of the M. tuberculosis EccC ATPase double hexameric ring to the EsxAB virulence factor is enhanced by ATP. Biochem J 2022; 479:1559-1579. [PMID: 35770799 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20210430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The EccC enzyme of M. tuberculosis ESX-1 secretion system is involved in EsxAB virulence factor secretion and offers an attractive target for antivirulence inhibitors development against M. tuberculosis. The EccCb1 polypeptide of the EccC enzyme contains two Ftsk/SpoIIIE type ATPase domains (D2 and D3) and binds to EsxAB factor at C-terminal region of the D3 domain. In current study, we have determined a low-resolution structure of EccCb1, and its mechanism involved in ATPase activity and EsxAB factor binding. Small-angle X-ray scattering data yielded a double hexameric ring structure of EccCb1 in solution and was further confirmed by SEC-MALS and dynamic light scattering. ATPase activity of wild-type, D2, and D3 mutants showed that D2-K90A and D3-K382A mutations led to a complete loss of enzyme activity. The full-length EccCb1 showed ~ 3.7-fold lower catalytic efficiency than D2 domain and ~1.7 fold lower than D3 domain. The EsxAB factor binds EccCb1 with Kd ~ 11.3±0.6 nM and its affinity is enhanced ~2 fold in presence of ATP+Mg2+. These data indicate the involvement of ATPase activity in EsxAB factor translocation. Molecular dynamics simulation on wild-type, ATP+Mg2+ and EsxAB+ATP+Mg2+ bound EccCb1 double-ring structure showed enhanced stability of enzyme upon ATP+Mg2+ and EsxAB binding. Overall, our study showed a low-resolution structure of EccCb1, and the mechanism involved in ATPase activity and EsxAB factor recognition, which can be targeted for the development of anti-virulence drugs against M. tuberculosis.
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Gutiérrez-Ortega A, Moreno DA, Ferrari SA, Espinosa-Andrews H, Ortíz EP, Milián-Suazo F, Alvarez AH. High-yield production of major T-cell ESAT6-CFP10 fusion antigen of M. tuberculosis complex employing codon-optimized synthetic gene. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 171:82-88. [PMID: 33418045 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.12.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Translation engineering and bioinformatics have accelerated the rate at which gene sequences can be improved to generate multi-epitope proteins. Strong antigenic proteins for tuberculosis diagnosis include individual ESAT6 and CFP10 proteins or derived peptides. Obtention of heterologous multi-component antigens in E. coli without forming inclusion bodies remain a biotechnological challenge. The gene sequence for ESAT6-CFP10 fusion antigen was optimized by codon bias adjust for high-level expression as a soluble protein. The obtained fusion protein of 23.7 kDa was observed by SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis after Ni-affinity chromatography and the yield of expressed soluble protein reached a concentration of approximately 67 mg/L in shake flask culture after IPTG induction. Antigenicity was evaluated at 4 μg/mL in whole blood cultures from bovines, and protein stimuli were assessed using a specific in vitro IFN-γ release assay. The hybrid protein was able to stimulate T-cell specific responses of bovine TB suspects. The results indicate that improved E. coli codon usage is a good and cost-effective strategy to potentialize large scale production of multi-epitope proteins with sustained antigenic properties for diagnostic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gutiérrez-Ortega
- Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y diseño del Estado de Jalisco A.C., Av. Normalistas 800, C.P. 44270 Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - D A Moreno
- Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y diseño del Estado de Jalisco A.C., Av. Normalistas 800, C.P. 44270 Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - S A Ferrari
- Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y diseño del Estado de Jalisco A.C., Av. Normalistas 800, C.P. 44270 Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - H Espinosa-Andrews
- Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y diseño del Estado de Jalisco A.C., Av. Normalistas 800, C.P. 44270 Guadalajara, Mexico
| | - E P Ortíz
- Centro Universitario de Los Altos, Universidad de Guadalajara, Km 7.5 Carretera a Yahualica, CP 47600 Tepatitlán de Morelos, Mexico
| | - F Milián-Suazo
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Av. de las Ciencias s/n Juriquilla, Delegación Santa Rosa Jáuregui, C.P. 76230 Querétaro, Mexico
| | - A H Alvarez
- Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y diseño del Estado de Jalisco A.C., Av. Normalistas 800, C.P. 44270 Guadalajara, Mexico.
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Dela Coletta Troiano Araújo L, Wibrantz M, Rodríguez-Fernández DE, Karp SG, Talevi AC, Maltempi de Souza E, Soccol CR, Thomaz-Soccol V. Process parameters optimization to produce the recombinant protein CFP10 for the diagnosis of tuberculosis. Protein Expr Purif 2018; 154:118-125. [PMID: 30261310 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2018.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the parameters that affect the production of the recombinant 10 kDa culture filtrate protein (CFP10), a promising reagent of high specificity for intradermoreaction and other antigen-based methods used in the diagnosis of tuberculosis. Conditions of Escherichia coli growth temperature, induction temperature and IPTG-inducer concentration were evaluated in shake flasks and dissolved O2 concentrations of 15 and 30% were evaluated in a bioreactor. The process parameters defined on small scale were: growth temperature between 30 and 37 °C, induction temperature of 26 °C and IPTG concentration of 0.12 mM. The process conducted with 15% dissolved O2 presented a recombinant protein yield of 78.6 mg g-1 biomass and a proportion of recombinant protein (insoluble fraction) in relation to total insoluble protein of 72%, at the time of maximum productivity. The operation with 30% dissolved O2 resulted in lower recombinant protein yields of 62.9 mg g-1 biomass and 20% in relation to total insoluble protein, but in higher overall concentration in the culture broth (69.2 mg L-1versus 48.3 mg L-1). The protein identity was confirmed by mass spectrometry, showing high similarity to CFP10, 10 kDa of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv (score 95), and the purified antigen presented reactivity by the Western blotting assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludmilla Dela Coletta Troiano Araújo
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Coronel Francisco H. dos Santos Avenue, 210, Zip Code 81531-990, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
| | - Márcia Wibrantz
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Coronel Francisco H. dos Santos Avenue, 210, Zip Code 81531-990, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
| | | | - Susan Grace Karp
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Coronel Francisco H. dos Santos Avenue, 210, Zip Code 81531-990, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
| | | | | | - Carlos Ricardo Soccol
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Coronel Francisco H. dos Santos Avenue, 210, Zip Code 81531-990, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
| | - Vanete Thomaz-Soccol
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Department of Bioprocess Engineering and Biotechnology, Coronel Francisco H. dos Santos Avenue, 210, Zip Code 81531-990, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil.
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Singh A, Kumar Gupta A, Gopinath K, Sharma P, Singh S. Evaluation of 5 Novel protein biomarkers for the rapid diagnosis of pulmonary and extra-pulmonary tuberculosis: preliminary results. Sci Rep 2017; 7:44121. [PMID: 28337993 PMCID: PMC5364505 DOI: 10.1038/srep44121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Improved methods are required for the early and accurate diagnosis of tuberculosis, especially in the patients with smear-negative disease. Several biomarkers have been tried but most have shown poor sensitivity or specificity. In present study we aimed to evaluate the diagnostic utility of five novel antigens identified earlier by us. This is an initial study conducted on 250 subjects. The five recombinant antigens, named as rSS1 (Rv2145c), rSS2 (Rv0164), rSS3 (Rv1437), rSS4 (Rv1827) and rSS5 (Rv2970c), were expressed in pQE-30 expression vector, purified and their sero-diagnostic efficacy was evaluated in an unblinded manner using dot-blot and ELISA methods. The sensitivity and specificity of these novel antigens were compared with commercially available standard esat6 and 38 kDa antigens. Bacteriologically confirmed TB patients, non-TB disease controls and healthy individuals were included. which are based on novel antigen or novel technology, Area under curve (AUC) of the selected antigens were 0.98 (0.98-0.99) for rSS1, 0.88 (0.84-0.92) for rSS2, 0.88 (0.84-0.92) for rSS3, 0.95 (0.93-0.98) for rSS4 and 0.99 (0.98-1.0) for rSS5. Receiver operative characteristic (ROC) curve showed highly significant difference between TB and healthy subjects (p = <0.001). These initial findings, show that the recombinant antigens rSS1, rSS4 and rSS5 could be used as highly potential biomarkers for the serological diagnosis of active TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Singh
- Division of Clinical Microbiology & Molecular Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Anil Kumar Gupta
- Division of Clinical Microbiology & Molecular Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Krishnamoorthy Gopinath
- Division of Clinical Microbiology & Molecular Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Pawan Sharma
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Sarman Singh
- Division of Clinical Microbiology & Molecular Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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Singh N, Sreenivas V, Sheoran A, Sharma S, Gupta KB, Khuller GK, Mehta PK. Serodiagnostic potential of immuno-PCR using a cocktail of mycobacterial antigen 85B, ESAT-6 and cord factor in tuberculosis patients. J Microbiol Methods 2016; 120:56-64. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2015.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Revised: 11/24/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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M. tuberculosis Secretory Protein ESAT-6 Induces Metabolic Flux Perturbations to Drive Foamy Macrophage Differentiation. Sci Rep 2015; 5:12906. [PMID: 26250836 PMCID: PMC5388048 DOI: 10.1038/srep12906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The Foamy Macrophage (FM) differentiation forms a major component of the host dependent survival axis of M. tuberculosis. The FM which are characterized by the intracellular accumulation of lipid bodies (LBs), ensure a privileged existence for the bacilli through ready provision of nutrients and by conferring protection against bactericidal pathways. The mycobacterial secretory protein ESAT-6 has been identified as the molecular mediator of the FM differentiation process although little is known about the mechanism through which it induces this process. In the present study, we show that ESAT-6 induces GLUT-1 mediated enhanced glucose uptake by macrophages which is coupled to metabolic flux perturbations in the glycolytic pathway caused by differential rates of reaction at several steps in the pathway. Two major changes identified were the simultaneous buildup of DHAP (for Triglyceride synthesis) and AcCoA (for synthesis of 3-HB, ligand for the anti-lipolytic GPR109A). We also show that part of the observed effects involve protein- protein interactions between ESAT-6 and the macrophage glycolytic enzymes, Enolase1 and Phosphoglycerate kinase1.
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Fujii Y, Kaneko S, Nzou SM, Mwau M, Njenga SM, Tanigawa C, Kimotho J, Mwangi AW, Kiche I, Matsumoto S, Niki M, Osada-Oka M, Ichinose Y, Inoue M, Itoh M, Tachibana H, Ishii K, Tsuboi T, Yoshida LM, Mondal D, Haque R, Hamano S, Changoma M, Hoshi T, Kamo KI, Karama M, Miura M, Hirayama K. Serological surveillance development for tropical infectious diseases using simultaneous microsphere-based multiplex assays and finite mixture models. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2014; 8:e3040. [PMID: 25078404 PMCID: PMC4117437 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0003040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A strategy to combat infectious diseases, including neglected tropical diseases (NTDs), will depend on the development of reliable epidemiological surveillance methods. To establish a simple and practical seroprevalence detection system, we developed a microsphere-based multiplex immunoassay system and evaluated utility using samples obtained in Kenya. Methods We developed a microsphere-based immuno-assay system to simultaneously measure the individual levels of plasma antibody (IgG) against 8 antigens derived from 6 pathogens: Entamoeba histolytica (C-IgL), Leishmania donovani (KRP42), Toxoplasma gondii (SAG1), Wuchereria bancrofti (SXP1), HIV (gag, gp120 and gp41), and Vibrio cholerae (cholera toxin). The assay system was validated using appropriate control samples. The assay system was applied for 3411 blood samples collected from the general population randomly selected from two health and demographic surveillance system (HDSS) cohorts in the coastal and western regions of Kenya. The immunoassay values distribution for each antigen was mathematically defined by a finite mixture model, and cut-off values were optimized. Findings Sensitivities and specificities for each antigen ranged between 71 and 100%. Seroprevalences for each pathogen from the Kwale and Mbita HDSS sites (respectively) were as follows: HIV, 3.0% and 20.1%; L. donovani, 12.6% and 17.3%; E. histolytica, 12.8% and 16.6%; and T. gondii, 30.9% and 28.2%. Seroprevalences of W. bancrofti and V. cholerae showed relatively high figures, especially among children. The results might be affected by immunological cross reactions between W. bancrofti-SXP1 and other parasitic infections; and cholera toxin and the enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), respectively. Interpretation A microsphere-based multi-serological assay system can provide an opportunity to comprehensively grasp epidemiological features for NTDs. By adding pathogens and antigens of interest, optimized made-to-order high-quality programs can be established to utilize limited resources to effectively control NTDs in Africa. Monitoring the distribution of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) is a key to controlling their spread in Africa. Currently, such surveillance is conducted independently for each NTD. To tackle this problem, we developed a microsphere-based system to permit simultaneous measurement of IgG antibody levels for antigens from six infectious diseases: Entamoeba histolytica, Leishmania donovani, Toxoplasma gondii, Wuchereria bancrofti, HIV, and Vibrio cholerae. Using this system, we conducted a serological survey using two health and demographic surveillance system (HDSS) areas in coastal and western Kenya. We randomly selected 4,600 individuals according to sex and age group, of whom 3411 agreed to participate in the study. Mathematical analyses of the distributions of the participants' reactivity to each antigen and the reactivity of the sero-positive and -negative controls indicated that this system could be used to monitor infections, especially, those associated with HIV, filariasis, toxoplasmosis, leishmaniasis, and amebiasis. For the practical development and eventual implementation of actual programs in Africa, pathogens and antigens of interest can be added to optimize made-to-order monitoring programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshito Fujii
- Department of Eco-Epidemiology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University (NUITM), Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kaneko
- Department of Eco-Epidemiology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University (NUITM), Nagasaki, Japan
- Graduate School of International Health Development, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- Nagasaki University Institute of Tropical Medicine (NUITM)- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Nairobi, Kenya
- * E-mail:
| | - Samson Muuo Nzou
- Nagasaki University Institute of Tropical Medicine (NUITM)- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Nairobi, Kenya
- Centre for Infectious and Parasitic Diseases Control Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Busia, Kenya
| | - Matilu Mwau
- Centre for Infectious and Parasitic Diseases Control Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Busia, Kenya
| | - Sammy M. Njenga
- Eastern & Southern Africa Centre of International Parasite Control (ESACIPAC), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Chihiro Tanigawa
- Department of Eco-Epidemiology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University (NUITM), Nagasaki, Japan
| | - James Kimotho
- Production Department, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Anne Wanjiru Mwangi
- Production Department, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Ibrahim Kiche
- Nagasaki University Institute of Tropical Medicine (NUITM)- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Nairobi, Kenya
- Thomas Odhiambo Campus, Mbita, International Center of Insect Physiology and Ecology (ICIPE), Mbita, Kenya
| | - Sohkichi Matsumoto
- Department of Bacteriology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mamiko Niki
- Department of Bacteriology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mayuko Osada-Oka
- Department of Bacteriology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
- Food Hygiene and Environmental Health Division of Applied Life Science, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Kyoto Prefectural University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshio Ichinose
- Nagasaki University Institute of Tropical Medicine (NUITM)- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Nairobi, Kenya
- Kenya Research Station, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Manabu Inoue
- Department of Bacteriology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Makoto Itoh
- Department of Infection and Immunology, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Tachibana
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Tokai University School of Medicine, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kazunari Ishii
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takafumi Tsuboi
- Division of Malaria Research, Proteo-Science Center, Ehime University, Ehime, Japan
| | - Lay Myint Yoshida
- Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Dinesh Mondal
- International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research (ICDDR, B), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Rashidul Haque
- International Center for Diarrheal Disease Research (ICDDR, B), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Shinjiro Hamano
- Nagasaki University Institute of Tropical Medicine (NUITM)- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Mwatasa Changoma
- Nagasaki University Institute of Tropical Medicine (NUITM)- Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Tomonori Hoshi
- Department of Eco-Epidemiology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University (NUITM), Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Kamo
- Department of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Mohamed Karama
- Graduate School of International Health Development, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
- Centre of Public Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Masashi Miura
- Department of Eco-Epidemiology, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University (NUITM), Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Kenji Hirayama
- Department of Immunogenetics, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki, Japan
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Tang XL, Zhou YX, Wu SM, Pan Q, Xia B, Zhang XL. CFP10 and ESAT6 aptamers as effective Mycobacterial antigen diagnostic reagents. J Infect 2014; 69:569-80. [PMID: 24968239 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2014.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2014] [Revised: 04/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
The development of effective Mycobacterial antigen diagnostic reagents remains a high priority. The 6-kDa early secreted antigenic target (ESAT6) and 10-kDa culture filtrate protein (CFP10) are secreted early by virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tb) and are not present in the non-virulent Bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG). In this study, we used a Systematic Evolution of Ligands by Exponential Enrichment (SELEX) technique to screen for a functional ssDNA aptamer "antibody" that specifically bound to ESAT6-CFP10 (CE) protein. The selected single ssDNA aptamers (CE24 and CE15) demonstrated the highest specificity and binding affinity to CFP10 (CE24: Kd = 3.75 × 10(-7) M) and ESAT6 (CE15: Kd = 1.6 × 10(-7) M). We further detected CFP10 and ESAT6 proteins in serum samples from active pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) patients, extrapulmonary TB patients and healthy donors by using an enzyme-linked oligonucleotide assay (ELONA). The results showed that the sensitivity and specificity were 100% and 94.1% (using CE24 aptamer-based ELONA) and 89.6% and 94.1% (using CE15 aptamer-based ELONA), respectively. A good correlation was observed between aptamer-based ELONA and T-SPOT TB assay. Thus, our study suggests that CE24 and CE15 have potentially broad applications as early antigen diagnostic agents not only for active pulmonary TB, extrapulmonary TB, but also possibly for latent TB infection and TB with immune-deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Department of Immunology, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Donghu Road 165#, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China
| | - Ya-Xiong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Department of Immunology, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Donghu Road 165#, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China
| | - Si-Min Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Department of Immunology, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Donghu Road 165#, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Wuhan Medical Treatment Center, Wuhan, China
| | - Qin Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Department of Immunology, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Donghu Road 165#, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China
| | - Bing Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology and Research of Digestive Diseases, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University School of Medicine, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Xiao-Lian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Department of Immunology, Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Allergy and Immunology, Wuhan University School of Basic Medical Sciences, Donghu Road 165#, Wuhan 430071, Hubei Province, China.
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Expression, purification and improved antigenicity of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis PstS1 antigen for serodiagnosis. Protein Expr Purif 2013; 95:77-83. [PMID: 24326191 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2013.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2013] [Revised: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The phosphate-specific transport substrate binding protein-1 (PstS1) is a potential antigen used for the serological diagnosis of tuberculosis. For a highly specific diagnostic result, it is important that the recombinant PstS1 be highly pure and correctly folded. In this study, the PstS1 was expressed as fusion protein with glutathione-S-transferase (PstS1-GST) and Escherichia coli trigger factor (PstS1-TF) and their immunodiagnostic potentials were evaluated. The insoluble PstS1-GST was denatured and refolded to the native conformation by a step-gradient dilution, followed by purification with affinity chromatography on immobilized glutathione whereas the soluble PstS1-TF was directly purified by Ni-NTA affinity and size-exclusion chromatographies. The levels of antibody responses to PstS1-TF and PstS1-GST were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in the sera of 22 tuberculosis patients with smear-positive and culture-positive tuberculosis as well as 20 healthy individuals; the antigenicities of the samples were evaluated in terms of sensitivity and specificity. To determine the diagnostic accuracy, receiver operation characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed and then the areas under the ROC curves (AUC) were calculated; the AUC values for PstS1-TF and PstS1-GST were 0.971 and 0.877 with 95% confidence intervals (CI) of 0.927-1.000 and 0.768-0.986, respectively. The specificity of PstS1-TF was reduced from 89.5% to 84.2%, but in case of PstS1-GST it dropped drastically from 78.9% to 26.3% when the sensitivity was raised from 86.4% up to 95.5%. These results indicate that PstS1-TF is capable of producing more accurate and consistent serodiagnostic results than PstS1-GST, possibly due to its conformation being closer to the native state.
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10
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Selection and application of ssDNA aptamers to detect active TB from sputum samples. PLoS One 2012; 7:e46862. [PMID: 23056492 PMCID: PMC3464247 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Accepted: 09/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the enormous global burden of tuberculosis (TB), conventional approaches to diagnosis continue to rely on tests that have major drawbacks. The improvement of TB diagnostics relies, not only on good biomarkers, but also upon accurate detection methodologies. The 10-kDa culture filtrate protein (CFP-10) and the 6-kDa early secreted antigen target (ESAT-6) are potent T-cell antigens that are recognised by over 70% of TB patients. Aptamers, a novel sensitive and specific class of detection molecules, has hitherto, not been raised to these relatively TB-specific antigens. Methods DNA aptamers that bind to the CFP-10.ESAT-6 heterodimer were isolated. To assess their affinity and specificity to the heterodimer, aptamers were screened using an enzyme-linked oligonucleotide assay (ELONA). One suitable aptamer was evaluated by ELONA using sputum samples obtained from 20 TB patients and 48 control patients (those with latent TB infection, symptomatic non TB patients, and healthy laboratory volunteers). Culture positivity for Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) served as the reference standard. Accuracy and cut-points were evaluated using ROC curve analysis. Results Twenty-four out of the 66 aptamers that were isolated bound significantly (p<0.05) to the CFP-10.ESAT-6 heterodimer and six were further evaluated. Their dissociation constant (KD) values were in the nanomolar range. One aptamer, designated CSIR 2.11, was evaluated using sputum samples. CSIR 2.11 had sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 68.75% using Youden’s index and 35% and 95%, respectively, using a rule-in cut-point. Conclusion This preliminary proof-of-concept study suggests that a diagnosis of active TB using anti-CFP-10.ESAT-6 aptamers applied to human sputum samples is feasible.
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Hemmati M, Seghatoleslam A, Rasti M, Ebadat S, Mosavari N, Habibagahi M, Taheri M, Sardarian AR, Mostafavi-Pour Z. Expression and Purification of Recombinant Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (TB) Antigens, ESAT-6, CFP-10 and ESAT- 6/CFP-10 and Their Diagnosis Potential for Detection of TB Patients. IRANIAN RED CRESCENT MEDICAL JOURNAL 2011; 13:556-63. [PMID: 22737527 PMCID: PMC3372000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2010] [Accepted: 04/11/2011] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND One of the most widely used methods to detect tuberculosis (TB) infection is the tuberculin skin test (TST). The completion of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) genome sequence has led to identification of several antigens that can be utilized for accurate diagnosis and control of TB. The aim of this study was to purify the recombinant M. tuberculosis antigens for the evaluation of their potential in TB diagnosis. METHODS The recombinant secretory antigens, ESAT-6, CFP-10 and ESAT-6/CFP-10 were produced by PCR and cloning methods. To investigate antigen specific responses of these recombinant antigens in detection of TB, ex vivo enzyme linked immunospot (ELISPOT) test in 30 clinically diagnosed TB patients was evaluated. RESULTS The selected M. tuberculosis antigens were cloned, expressed and purified in Escherichia coli (BL21). ELISPOT assay for detection of TB showed the sensitivity of 93, 90 and 100% for recombinant ESAT-6, CFP-10 and ESAT-6/CFP-10 proteins respectively, which is significantly higher than conventional TST. CONCLUSION The recombinant antigens of ESAT-6, CFP-10 and ESAT-6/CFP-10 can be used as an accurate means of detecting TB in Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hemmati
- Department of Biochemistry, Recombinant Protein Laboratory, Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - A Seghatoleslam
- Department of Biochemistry, Recombinant Protein Laboratory, Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - M Rasti
- Department of Biochemistry, Recombinant Protein Laboratory, Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - S Ebadat
- Department of Biochemistry, Recombinant Protein Laboratory, Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - N Mosavari
- Department of PPD Tuberculin, Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Habibagahi
- Department of Immunology, Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - M Taheri
- Department of Paramedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - A R Sardarian
- Dental School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Z Mostafavi-Pour
- Department of Biochemistry, Recombinant Protein Laboratory, Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran,Correspondence: Zohreh Mostafavi-Pour, PhD, Associate professor of Biochemistry, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Recombinant Proteins Lab, Faculty for advanced Biomedical Sciences, PO Box: 71345-1167, Shiraz, Iran. Tel.: +98-711-2303029, Fax: +98-711-2303029, E-mail:
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Utility of a combination of RD1 and RD2 antigens as a diagnostic marker for tuberculosis. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2009; 66:153-61. [PMID: 19833469 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2009.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2009] [Revised: 07/31/2009] [Accepted: 09/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the diagnostic potential of a cocktail of 4 antigens encoded by regions of difference (RD) 1 and 2 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, that is, early secretory antigenic target-6, culture filtrate protein-10 (CFP-10), CFP-21, and mycobacterial protein from species tuberculosis-64 (MPT-64) on the basis of antigen and antibody detection by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Parallel detection of antigens and antibodies in the serum samples of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) patients resulted in higher sensitivity as compared to either of the single tests in both smear-positive (90%) and smear-negative (60%) PTB patients. In addition, combined detection of antigens and antibodies in the fluids of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) patients could detect >90% of the patients with high specificity. These results demonstrate the ability of the combination of antigen and antibody detection assays based on the cocktail of RD antigens to diagnose a substantial number of PTB and EPTB cases with high specificity.
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Parkash O, Singh BP, Pai M. Regions of Differences Encoded Antigens as Targets for Immunodiagnosis of Tuberculosis in Humans. Scand J Immunol 2009; 70:345-57. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2009.02312.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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15
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Abebe F, Holm-Hansen C, Wiker HG, Bjune G. Progress in serodiagnosis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Scand J Immunol 2007; 66:176-91. [PMID: 17635795 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3083.2007.01978.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
One-third of the world population is estimated to have Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. Accurate and timely identification of infected individuals is critical for treatment and control. The current diagnostic methods lack the desired sensitivity and specificity, require sophisticated equipment and skilled workforce or take weeks to yield results. Diagnosis of extrapulmonary TB, TB-HIV co-infection, childhood TB and sputum smear-negative pulmonary TB pose serious challenges. Interest in developing serodiagnostic methods is increasing because detection of antibody is rapid, simple and relatively inexpensive, and does not require a living cell for detection. Three types of tests, namely screening tests to overcome diagnostic delay, specific tests for diagnosis of extrapulmonary TB and other bacteriologically negative cases, and tests for vaccine-induced immunity need critical consideration. Several factors must be considered to develop serodiagnostic methods for TB. Antigen recognition by infected individuals is highly heterogeneous due to stage of disease, differences in HLA types, strain of the bacilli, health of the patient and bacillary load. With advances in molecular biological techniques, a number of novel antigens have been identified. Some of these antigens have proven valuable in detecting specific antibodies in some of the most challenging TB patients. The best example is a fusion protein containing several M. tuberculosis proteins (e.g. CFP-10, MTB8, MTB48, MTB81 and the 38-kDa protein) which showed encouraging results in detecting antibodies in sera of patients, including TB-HIV co-infection. This review presents progress made in the serodiagnosis of TB during the last decade.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Abebe
- Institute for General Practice and Community Medicine, Section for International Health, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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Meher AK, Lella RK, Sharma C, Arora A. Analysis of complex formation and immune response of CFP-10 and ESAT-6 mutants. Vaccine 2007; 25:6098-106. [PMID: 17629379 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2006] [Revised: 04/30/2007] [Accepted: 05/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
ESAT-6 and CFP-10 form a 1:1 heterodimeric complex which contributes to the virulence of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv. Based on the structure of CFP-10-ESAT-6 complex, we have selected four point mutations each of CFP-10 and ESAT-6 and have analyzed complex formation for the 25 possible combinations between wild-type and mutant CFP-10 and ESAT-6 proteins. We observed that the mutations L25R or F58R of CFP-10 and L29D or L65D of ESAT-6 lead to disruption of complex formation. We have evaluated the immunogenic responses of the wild-type and mutant CFP-10 and ESAT-6 proteins, the wild-type CFP-10-ESAT-6 complex, six complex-forming and two non-complex-forming combinations of wild-type/mutant CFP-10 and ESAT-6 proteins. CFP-10 mutants I21R, L25R, and W43R were found to have better immunogenic potential than wt-CFP-10, while none of the ESAT-6 mutants were better than wt-ESAT-6. Very interestingly, we have discovered that the non-complex-forming mixture of CFP-10-I21R and ESAT-6-L29D gives a strong immunogenic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akshaya K Meher
- Molecular and Structural Biology, Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow 226001, India
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Zhang H, Wang J, Lei J, Zhang M, Yang Y, Chen Y, Wang H. PPE protein (Rv3425) from DNA segment RD11 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis: a potential B-cell antigen used for serological diagnosis to distinguish vaccinated controls from tuberculosis patients. Clin Microbiol Infect 2007; 13:139-145. [PMID: 17328725 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-0691.2006.01561.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Proteins encoded by a 9.5-kb DNA segment, termed the region of difference (RD), of Mycobacterium tuberculosis have been demonstrated to be important in bacterial virulence, vaccine development and the design of diagnostic reagents. This study evaluated the immunogenic properties of Rv3425, a member of the PPE family of proteins, encoded by an open reading frame found in RD11 of M. tuberculosis, in comparison with two other well-known antigens, the early secreted antigen target 6 (ESAT-6) and the 10-kDa culture filtrate protein (CFP-10). RT-PCR demonstrated that Rv3425 mRNA is expressed in liquid culture by M. tuberculosis H37Rv. When tested in a conventional ELISA in the form of a His-tagged recombinant protein, Rv3425 revealed a statistically significant antigenic distinction between healthy bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG)-vaccinated controls and tuberculosis (TB) patients (p <0.0001). The anti-IgG response to recombinant Rv3425 was almost equal to that for CFP-10, and was higher than that for ESAT-6. The results highlight the immunosensitive and immunospecific nature of Rv3425, which shows promise for use in the serodiagnosis of TB.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, Fudan University, Shanghai
| | - J Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, Fudan University, Shanghai
| | - J Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, Fudan University, Shanghai
| | - M Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, Fudan University, Shanghai
| | - Y Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, Fudan University, Shanghai
| | - Y Chen
- No. 6 Hospital of Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - H Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Institute of Genetics, Fudan University, Shanghai.
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