1
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Jin S, Wang T, Zhao Y, Liu X, Wang Y, Jiang L, Zhang Q. The heat-labile toxin B subunit of E. coli fused with VP6 from GCRV (Grass carp reovirus) was expressed and folded into an active protein in rice calli. Protein Expr Purif 2022; 197:106099. [PMID: 35525405 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2022.106099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Grass carp reovirus (GCRV) is one of the most serious pathogens threatening grass carp (Ctenopharyngon idellus) production in China. VP6 could be suitable for developing vaccine for the control of GCRV. Transgenic plants are an attractive bioreactor for their safety and ability to make economical vaccines. The B subunit of Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin (LTB) fused to VP6 (LTB-VP6) was transformed into rice calli by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated gene transformation. Transgenic rice calli was confirmed by PCR analysis separately. The copy numbers of LTB-VP6 inserted into the rice genome are between 1 and 2. The expression level of LTB-VP6 in rice calli was 0.0005-0.0019%, an average of 0.0011% of the TSP(total soluble proteins). LTB-VP6 was folded and assembled into a pentameric form of approximately 305 kDa capable of binding monosialoganglioside (GM1). The suitable concentration of LTB-VP6 in TSP was 0.4 μg/μl. LTB-VP6 is stable and highly active at room temperature. LTB-VP6 binding to GM1 is affected with different affinities under different temperatures. LTB-VP6 had a strong binding affinity at 25 °C and pH 8.4. Our results showed that LTB-VP6 is capable of forming an active pentameric form protein. It provides an ideal alternative to plant-based vaccines against GCRV in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Jin
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, PR China
| | - Tongtong Wang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, PR China
| | - Yan Zhao
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, PR China
| | - Xue Liu
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, PR China
| | - Yichen Wang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, PR China
| | - Lingchuan Jiang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, PR China
| | - Qiusheng Zhang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, PR China.
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A potential delivery system based on cholera toxin: A macromolecule carrier with multiple activities. J Control Release 2022; 343:551-563. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2022.01.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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3
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He W, Baysal C, Lobato Gómez M, Huang X, Alvarez D, Zhu C, Armario‐Najera V, Blanco Perera A, Cerda Bennaser P, Saba‐Mayoral A, Sobrino‐Mengual G, Vargheese A, Abranches R, Alexandra Abreu I, Balamurugan S, Bock R, Buyel JF, da Cunha NB, Daniell H, Faller R, Folgado A, Gowtham I, Häkkinen ST, Kumar S, Sathish Kumar R, Lacorte C, Lomonossoff GP, Luís IM, K.‐C. Ma J, McDonald KA, Murad A, Nandi S, O’Keef B, Parthiban S, Paul MJ, Ponndorf D, Rech E, Rodrigues JC, Ruf S, Schillberg S, Schwestka J, Shah PS, Singh R, Stoger E, Twyman RM, Varghese IP, Vianna GR, Webster G, Wilbers RHP, Christou P, Oksman‐Caldentey K, Capell T. Contributions of the international plant science community to the fight against infectious diseases in humans-part 2: Affordable drugs in edible plants for endemic and re-emerging diseases. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2021; 19:1921-1936. [PMID: 34181810 PMCID: PMC8486237 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The fight against infectious diseases often focuses on epidemics and pandemics, which demand urgent resources and command attention from the health authorities and media. However, the vast majority of deaths caused by infectious diseases occur in endemic zones, particularly in developing countries, placing a disproportionate burden on underfunded health systems and often requiring international interventions. The provision of vaccines and other biologics is hampered not only by the high cost and limited scalability of traditional manufacturing platforms based on microbial and animal cells, but also by challenges caused by distribution and storage, particularly in regions without a complete cold chain. In this review article, we consider the potential of molecular farming to address the challenges of endemic and re-emerging diseases, focusing on edible plants for the development of oral drugs. Key recent developments in this field include successful clinical trials based on orally delivered dried leaves of Artemisia annua against malarial parasite strains resistant to artemisinin combination therapy, the ability to produce clinical-grade protein drugs in leaves to treat infectious diseases and the long-term storage of protein drugs in dried leaves at ambient temperatures. Recent FDA approval of the first orally delivered protein drug encapsulated in plant cells to treat peanut allergy has opened the door for the development of affordable oral drugs that can be manufactured and distributed in remote areas without cold storage infrastructure and that eliminate the need for expensive purification steps and sterile delivery by injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenshu He
- Department of Crop and Forest SciencesUniversity of Lleida‐Agrotecnio CERCA CenterLleidaSpain
| | - Can Baysal
- Department of Crop and Forest SciencesUniversity of Lleida‐Agrotecnio CERCA CenterLleidaSpain
| | - Maria Lobato Gómez
- Department of Crop and Forest SciencesUniversity of Lleida‐Agrotecnio CERCA CenterLleidaSpain
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Crop and Forest SciencesUniversity of Lleida‐Agrotecnio CERCA CenterLleidaSpain
| | - Derry Alvarez
- Department of Crop and Forest SciencesUniversity of Lleida‐Agrotecnio CERCA CenterLleidaSpain
| | - Changfu Zhu
- Department of Crop and Forest SciencesUniversity of Lleida‐Agrotecnio CERCA CenterLleidaSpain
| | - Victoria Armario‐Najera
- Department of Crop and Forest SciencesUniversity of Lleida‐Agrotecnio CERCA CenterLleidaSpain
| | - Aamaya Blanco Perera
- Department of Crop and Forest SciencesUniversity of Lleida‐Agrotecnio CERCA CenterLleidaSpain
| | - Pedro Cerda Bennaser
- Department of Crop and Forest SciencesUniversity of Lleida‐Agrotecnio CERCA CenterLleidaSpain
| | - Andrea Saba‐Mayoral
- Department of Crop and Forest SciencesUniversity of Lleida‐Agrotecnio CERCA CenterLleidaSpain
| | | | - Ashwin Vargheese
- Department of Crop and Forest SciencesUniversity of Lleida‐Agrotecnio CERCA CenterLleidaSpain
| | - Rita Abranches
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António XavierUniversidade Nova de LisboaOeirasPortugal
| | - Isabel Alexandra Abreu
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António XavierUniversidade Nova de LisboaOeirasPortugal
| | - Shanmugaraj Balamurugan
- Plant Genetic Engineering LaboratoryDepartment of BiotechnologyBharathiar UniversityTamil NaduIndia
| | - Ralph Bock
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant PhysiologyPotsdam‐GolmGermany
| | - Johannes F. Buyel
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IMEAachenGermany
- Institute for Molecular BiotechnologyRWTH Aachen UniversityAachenGermany
| | - Nicolau B. da Cunha
- Centro de Análise Proteômicas e Bioquímicas de BrasíliaUniversidade Católica de BrasíliaBrasíliaBrazil
| | - Henry Daniell
- School of Dental MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Roland Faller
- Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of California, DavisDavisCAUSA
| | - André Folgado
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António XavierUniversidade Nova de LisboaOeirasPortugal
| | - Iyappan Gowtham
- Plant Genetic Engineering LaboratoryDepartment of BiotechnologyBharathiar UniversityTamil NaduIndia
| | - Suvi T. Häkkinen
- Industrial Biotechnology and Food SolutionsVTT Technical Research Centre of Finland LtdEspooFinland
| | - Shashi Kumar
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and BiotechnologyNew DelhiIndia
| | - Ramalingam Sathish Kumar
- Plant Genetic Engineering LaboratoryDepartment of BiotechnologyBharathiar UniversityTamil NaduIndia
| | - Cristiano Lacorte
- Brazilian Agriculture Research CorporationEmbrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology and National Institute of Science and Technology Synthetic in Biology, Parque Estação BiológicaBrasiliaBrazil
| | | | - Ines M. Luís
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António XavierUniversidade Nova de LisboaOeirasPortugal
| | - Julian K.‐C. Ma
- Institute for Infection and ImmunitySt. George’s University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Karen A. McDonald
- Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of California, DavisDavisCAUSA
- Global HealthShare InitiativeUniversity of California, DavisDavisCAUSA
| | - Andre Murad
- Brazilian Agriculture Research CorporationEmbrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology and National Institute of Science and Technology Synthetic in Biology, Parque Estação BiológicaBrasiliaBrazil
| | - Somen Nandi
- Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of California, DavisDavisCAUSA
- Global HealthShare InitiativeUniversity of California, DavisDavisCAUSA
| | - Barry O’Keef
- Division of Cancer Treatment and DiagnosisMolecular Targets ProgramCenter for Cancer ResearchNational Cancer Institute, and Natural Products Branch, Developmental Therapeutics ProgramNational Cancer Institute, NIHFrederickMDUSA
| | - Subramanian Parthiban
- Plant Genetic Engineering LaboratoryDepartment of BiotechnologyBharathiar UniversityTamil NaduIndia
| | - Mathew J. Paul
- Institute for Infection and ImmunitySt. George’s University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Daniel Ponndorf
- Department of Biological ChemistryJohn Innes CentreNorwich Research Park, NorwichUK
| | - Elibio Rech
- Brazilian Agriculture Research CorporationEmbrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology and National Institute of Science and Technology Synthetic in Biology, Parque Estação BiológicaBrasiliaBrazil
| | - Julio C.M. Rodrigues
- Brazilian Agriculture Research CorporationEmbrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology and National Institute of Science and Technology Synthetic in Biology, Parque Estação BiológicaBrasiliaBrazil
| | - Stephanie Ruf
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant PhysiologyPotsdam‐GolmGermany
| | - Stefan Schillberg
- Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology IMEAachenGermany
- Institute for PhytopathologyJustus‐Liebig‐University GiessenGiessenGermany
| | - Jennifer Schwestka
- Institute of Plant Biotechnology and Cell BiologyUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaAustria
| | - Priya S. Shah
- Department of Chemical EngineeringUniversity of California, DavisDavisCAUSA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular GeneticsUniversity of California, DavisDavisCAUSA
| | - Rahul Singh
- School of Dental MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPAUSA
| | - Eva Stoger
- Institute of Plant Biotechnology and Cell BiologyUniversity of Natural Resources and Life SciencesViennaAustria
| | | | - Inchakalody P. Varghese
- Plant Genetic Engineering LaboratoryDepartment of BiotechnologyBharathiar UniversityTamil NaduIndia
| | - Giovanni R. Vianna
- Brazilian Agriculture Research CorporationEmbrapa Genetic Resources and Biotechnology and National Institute of Science and Technology Synthetic in Biology, Parque Estação BiológicaBrasiliaBrazil
| | - Gina Webster
- Institute for Infection and ImmunitySt. George’s University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Ruud H. P. Wilbers
- Laboratory of NematologyPlant Sciences GroupWageningen University and ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Paul Christou
- Department of Crop and Forest SciencesUniversity of Lleida‐Agrotecnio CERCA CenterLleidaSpain
- ICREACatalan Institute for Research and Advanced StudiesBarcelonaSpain
| | | | - Teresa Capell
- Department of Crop and Forest SciencesUniversity of Lleida‐Agrotecnio CERCA CenterLleidaSpain
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Kim TG, Lan TT, Lee JY. Immunogenicity of Fusion Protein of Cholera Toxin B Subunit-Porphyromonas gingivalis 53-kDa Minor Fimbrial Protein Produced in Nicotiana benthamiana. BIOTECHNOL BIOPROC E 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12257-019-0175-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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5
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Zhang Q, Xu B, Pan J, Liu D, Lv R, Yan D. Expression and active testing of VP7 from GCRV (Grass carp reovirus) fused with cholera toxin B subunit in rice calli. Protein Expr Purif 2019; 158:1-8. [PMID: 30753891 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2019.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 12/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Grass carp reovirus (GCRV) is one of the most serious pathogens threatening grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) production and results in high mortality in China. VP7 from GCRV is involved in viral infection and could be suitable for developing vaccines for the control of GCRV infection. To obtain a genetically engineered vaccine and a plant-based oral vaccine and to evaluate their immune efficacy as an oral vaccine against GCRV, cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) of Vibrio cholerae fused to VP7 (CTB-VP7) was transformed into BL21(DE3) for expression. SDS-PAGE and Western blotting showed that the purified CTB-VP7 fusion protein (rCTB-VP7) was approximately 49.0 kDa. Meanwhile, CTB-VP7 was transformed into rice callus cells by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated gene transformation. CTB-VP7 was integrated into the nuclear genome by PCR, and mRNA transcripts of CTB-VP7 were detected. ELISA and Western blot analyses revealed that the CTB-VP7 fusion protein (CTB-VP7) could be expressed in rice callus lines. The level of expression was determined to be 1.54% ± 0.43 of the total soluble protein. CTB-VP7 showed a binding affinity for monosialoganglioside(GM1), a receptor for CTB. CTB-VP7 showed a higher affinity towards GM1 compared to rCTB-VP7. CTB-VP7 bonded to GM1 with different affinities under different temperatures. Maximum binding of CTB-VP7 to GM1 was reported to occur within 2 h at 37 °C, and approximately half of the binding affinity remained at 25 °C. Our results suggest that CTB-VP7 could be produced in rice calli, increasing the possibility that edible plants can be employed in mucosal vaccines for protection against GCRV in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiusheng Zhang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China.
| | - Binglian Xu
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Jiajia Pan
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Danyang Liu
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Ruoxian Lv
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
| | - Dongchun Yan
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, 264025, China
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6
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Margolin E, Chapman R, Williamson A, Rybicki EP, Meyers AE. Production of complex viral glycoproteins in plants as vaccine immunogens. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2018; 16:1531-1545. [PMID: 29890031 PMCID: PMC6097131 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Plant molecular farming offers a cost-effective and scalable approach to the expression of recombinant proteins which has been proposed as an alternative to conventional production platforms for developing countries. In recent years, numerous proofs of concept have established that plants can produce biologically active recombinant proteins and immunologically relevant vaccine antigens that are comparable to those made in conventional expression systems. Driving many of these advances is the remarkable plasticity of the plant proteome which enables extensive engineering of the host cell, as well as the development of improved expression vectors facilitating higher levels of protein production. To date, the only plant-derived viral glycoprotein to be tested in humans is the influenza haemagglutinin which expresses at ~50 mg/kg. However, many other viral glycoproteins that have potential as vaccine immunogens only accumulate at low levels in planta. A critical consideration for the production of many of these proteins in heterologous expression systems is the complexity of post-translational modifications, such as control of folding, glycosylation and disulphide bridging, which is required to reproduce the native glycoprotein structure. In this review, we will address potential shortcomings of plant expression systems and discuss strategies to optimally exploit the technology for the production of immunologically relevant and structurally authentic glycoproteins for use as vaccine immunogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Margolin
- Division of Medical VirologyDepartment of PathologyFaculty of Health SciencesUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular MedicineFaculty of Health SciencesUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
- Biopharming Research UnitDepartment of Molecular and Cell BiologyUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Ros Chapman
- Division of Medical VirologyDepartment of PathologyFaculty of Health SciencesUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular MedicineFaculty of Health SciencesUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Anna‐Lise Williamson
- Division of Medical VirologyDepartment of PathologyFaculty of Health SciencesUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular MedicineFaculty of Health SciencesUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Edward P. Rybicki
- Division of Medical VirologyDepartment of PathologyFaculty of Health SciencesUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular MedicineFaculty of Health SciencesUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
- Biopharming Research UnitDepartment of Molecular and Cell BiologyUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
| | - Ann E. Meyers
- Biopharming Research UnitDepartment of Molecular and Cell BiologyUniversity of Cape TownCape TownSouth Africa
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Kim MY, Li JY, Tien NQD, Yang MS. Expression and assembly of cholera toxin B subunit and domain III of dengue virus 2 envelope fusion protein in transgenic potatoes. Protein Expr Purif 2017; 139:57-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2016.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Abstract
The One Health initiative is increasingly becoming a prominent discussion topic in animal and human health, with its focus on prevention of spread of zoonotic diseases, both in animals, and from animals to humans. An important part of One Health is that diagnostics and vaccines for diseases may be the same thing - and be used for both humans and animals. One potential problem standing in the way of wider adoption of One Health principles, though, is that use of conventional cell fermentation systems for production of the recombinant proteins that could be used as diagnostics or vaccines is often expensive and is not easily scalable. A solution to this may be the use of plants or plant cells as bioreactors: molecular farming, or the production of biologics in plants, is now a well-established science with many proofs of principle and important proofs of efficacy for especially animal vaccines. This review discusses how molecular farming could enable important advances in One Health, using as examples plant-made vacccines, reagents and therapeutics for influenza viruses, ebolaviruses, rabies virus, bunyaviruses and flaviviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Peter Rybicki
- a Biopharming Research Unit, Department of Molecular & Cell Biology , University of Cape Town; Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town , Cape Town , South Africa
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9
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Tien NQD, Kim TJ, Kim TG. Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus glycoprotein production in tobacco. Protein Expr Purif 2017; 133:170-176. [PMID: 28192199 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) causes mortality in numerous marine and freshwater fish species resulting in heavy losses in fish farming. The glycoprotein gene of VHSV was fused with the cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) and expressed transiently in leaf tissues of Nicotiana benthamiana via the agroinfiltration method. The glycoprotein gene was divided into two parts to improve assembly of CTB fusion proteins (CTB-VHSV99-235 and CTB-VHSV258-417). Production of CTB fusion proteins was confirmed in the agroinfiltrated leaf tissue by western blot analysis. The plant-produced CTB fusion proteins showed biological activity to GM1-ganglioside, a receptor for biologically active CTB, on GM1-ELISA. The expression level of the CTB-VHSV fusion proteins was 0.86% (CTB-VHSV99-235) and 0.93% (CTB-VHSV258-417) of total proteins in agroinfiltrated leaf tissue, as determined by GM1-ELISA. These results suggest that Agrobacterium-mediated transient expression of CTB fusion antigens of VHSV is a rapid and convenient method and demonstrate the feasibility of using agroinfiltrated plant leaf tissues expressing CTB-fusion antigens as a plant-based vaccine to prevent VHSV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen-Quang-Duc Tien
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Chonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Jung Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, 77 Yongbong-ro, Buk-gu, Gwangju, 61186, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Geum Kim
- Center for Jeongup Industry-Academy-Institute Cooperation, Chonbuk National University, 567 Baekje-daero, Deokjin-gu, Jeollabuk-do 54896, Republic of Korea.
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Pang EL, Loh HS. Towards development of a universal dengue vaccine – How close are we? ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2017; 10:220-228. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apjtm.2017.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2016] [Revised: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Kim MY, Kim BY, Oh SM, Reljic R, Jang YS, Yang MS. Oral immunisation of mice with transgenic rice calli expressing cholera toxin B subunit fused to consensus dengue cEDIII antigen induces antibodies to all four dengue serotypes. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 92:347-56. [PMID: 27566485 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-016-0517-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) infection is an emerging global health threat. DENV consists of four distinct serotypes, necessitating a tetravalent vaccine. In this study, expression of consensus envelope protein domain III (cEDIII) fused to cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) in transgenic rice calli was improved using the luminal binding protein BiP at the N-terminus and the SEKDEL signal sequences at the C-terminus, targeting the recombinant protein to endoplasmic reticulum (ER). We found that the fusion protein showed higher levels of expression when compared to the fusion proteins using rice amylase 3D (RAmy3D) or CTB native signal sequence only. The CTB-cEDIII fusion protein was evaluated as an oral dengue vaccine candidate in mice. Serotype specific systemic IgG antibodies and specific IgA response in feces were detected and furthermore, T cell proliferation and high frequency antibody-secreting B cells were detected in the spleen. These results suggest the possible use of plant-based dengue tetravalent vaccine targeted to the mucosal immune system for induction of systemic and mucosal immune responses to DENV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi-Young Kim
- Department of Molecular Biology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Byeong-Young Kim
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Sun-Mi Oh
- Department of Molecular Biology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Rajko Reljic
- Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's University of London, London, UK
| | - Yong-Suk Jang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
- Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea
| | - Moon-Sik Yang
- Department of Molecular Biology, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea.
- Department of Bioactive Material Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea.
- Research Center of Bioactive Materials, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, South Korea.
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Waheed MT, Sameeullah M, Khan FA, Syed T, Ilahi M, Gottschamel J, Lössl AG. Need of cost-effective vaccines in developing countries: What plant biotechnology can offer? SPRINGERPLUS 2016; 5:65. [PMID: 26839758 PMCID: PMC4722051 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-1713-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 01/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
To treat current infectious diseases, different therapies are used that include drugs or vaccines or both. Currently, the world is facing an increasing problem of drug resistance from many pathogenic microorganisms. In majority of cases, when vaccines are used, formulations consist of live attenuated microorganisms. This poses an additional risk of infection in immunocompromised patients and people suffering from malnutrition in developing countries. Therefore, there is need to improve drug therapy as well as to develop next generation vaccines, in particular against infectious diseases with highest mortality rates. For patients in developing countries, costs related to treatments are one of the major hurdles to reduce the disease burden. In many cases, use of prophylactic vaccines can help to control the incidence of infectious diseases. In the present review, we describe some infectious diseases with high impact on health of people in low and middle income countries. We discuss the prospects of plants as alternative platform for the development of next-generation subunit vaccines that can be a cost-effective source for mass immunization of people in developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Tahir Waheed
- />Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320 Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sameeullah
- />Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, Abant Izzet Baysal University, Golkoy Campus, 14280 Bolu, Turkey
| | - Faheem Ahmed Khan
- />Molecular Biotechnology Laboratory for Triticeae Crops, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Tahira Syed
- />Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320 Pakistan
| | - Manzoor Ilahi
- />Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, 45320 Pakistan
| | | | - Andreas Günter Lössl
- />Department of Applied Plant Sciences and Plant Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences, Konrad Lorenz Straße 24, 3430 Tulln an der Donau, Austria
- />AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Donau-City-Straße 1, 1220 Vienna, Austria
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13
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Streatfield SJ, Kushnir N, Yusibov V. Plant-produced candidate countermeasures against emerging and reemerging infections and bioterror agents. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2015; 13:1136-59. [PMID: 26387510 PMCID: PMC7167919 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Despite progress in the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases, they continue to present a major threat to public health. The frequency of emerging and reemerging infections and the risk of bioterrorism warrant significant efforts towards the development of prophylactic and therapeutic countermeasures. Vaccines are the mainstay of infectious disease prophylaxis. Traditional vaccines, however, are failing to satisfy the global demand because of limited scalability of production systems, long production timelines and product safety concerns. Subunit vaccines are a highly promising alternative to traditional vaccines. Subunit vaccines, as well as monoclonal antibodies and other therapeutic proteins, can be produced in heterologous expression systems based on bacteria, yeast, insect cells or mammalian cells, in shorter times and at higher quantities, and are efficacious and safe. However, current recombinant systems have certain limitations associated with production capacity and cost. Plants are emerging as a promising platform for recombinant protein production due to time and cost efficiency, scalability, lack of harboured mammalian pathogens and possession of the machinery for eukaryotic post-translational protein modification. So far, a variety of subunit vaccines, monoclonal antibodies and therapeutic proteins (antivirals) have been produced in plants as candidate countermeasures against emerging, reemerging and bioterrorism-related infections. Many of these have been extensively evaluated in animal models and some have shown safety and immunogenicity in clinical trials. Here, we overview ongoing efforts to producing such plant-based countermeasures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Natasha Kushnir
- Fraunhofer USA Center for Molecular Biotechnology, Newark, DE, USA
| | - Vidadi Yusibov
- Fraunhofer USA Center for Molecular Biotechnology, Newark, DE, USA
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Kim TG, Kim MY, Tien NQD, Huy NX, Yang MS. Dengue Virus E Glycoprotein Production in Transgenic Rice Callus. Mol Biotechnol 2014; 56:1069-78. [DOI: 10.1007/s12033-014-9787-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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15
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Hiramatsu Y, Yamamoto M, Satho T, Irie K, Kai A, Uyeda S, Fukumitsu Y, Toda A, Miyata T, Miake F, Arakawa T, Kashige N. Recombinant fusion protein of cholera toxin B subunit with YVAD secreted by Lactobacillus casei inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced caspase-1 activation and subsequent IL-1 beta secretion in Caco-2 cells. BMC Biotechnol 2014; 14:38. [PMID: 24884459 PMCID: PMC4031163 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6750-14-38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2013] [Accepted: 05/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lactobacillus species are used as bacterial vectors to deliver functional peptides to the intestine because they are delivered live to the intestine, colonize the mucosal surface, and continue to produce the desired protein. Previously, we generated a recombinant Lactobacillus casei secreting the cholera toxin B subunit (CTB), which can translocate into intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) through GM1 ganglioside. Recombinant fusion proteins of CTB with functional peptides have been used as carriers for the delivery of these peptides to IECs because of the high cell permeation capacity of recombinant CTB (rCTB). However, there have been no reports of rCTB fused with peptides expressed or secreted by Lactobacillus species. In this study, we constructed L. casei secreting a recombinant fusion protein of CTB with YVAD (rCTB-YVAD). YVAD is a tetrapeptide (tyrosine-valine-alanine-aspartic acid) that specifically inhibits caspase-1, which catalyzes the production of interleukin (IL)-1β, an inflammatory cytokine, from its inactive precursor. Here, we examined whether rCTB-YVAD secreted by L. casei binds to GM1 ganglioside and inhibits caspase-1 activation in Caco-2 cells used as a model of IECs. RESULTS We constructed the rCTB-YVAD secretion vector pSCTB-YVAD by modifying the rCTB secretion vector pSCTB. L. casei secreting rCTB-YVAD was generated by transformation with pSCTB-YVAD. Both the culture supernatant of pSCTB-YVAD-transformed L. casei and purified rCTB-YVAD bound to GM1 ganglioside, as did the culture supernatant of pSCTB-transformed L. casei and purified rCTB. Interestingly, although both purified rCTB-YVAD and rCTB translocated into Caco-2 cells, regardless of lipopolysaccharide (LPS), only purified rCTB-YVAD but not rCTB inhibited LPS-induced caspase-1 activation and subsequent IL-1β secretion in Caco-2 cells, without affecting cell viability. CONCLUSIONS The rCTB protein fused to a functional peptide secreted by L. casei can bind to GM1 ganglioside, like rCTB, and recombinant YVAD secreted by L. casei may exert anti-inflammatory effects in the intestine. Therefore, rCTB secreted by L. casei has potential utility as a vector for the delivery of YVAD to IECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukihiro Hiramatsu
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1, Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masatatsu Yamamoto
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Tomomitsu Satho
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1, Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Keiichi Irie
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1, Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akiko Kai
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1, Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Saori Uyeda
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1, Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuki Fukumitsu
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1, Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Akihisa Toda
- Daiichi College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 22-1, Tamagawa-cho, Minami-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Miyata
- Division of Molecular Functions of Food, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Kagoshima University, 1-21-24, Korimoto, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Fumio Miake
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1, Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Arakawa
- Molecular Microbiology Group, Department of Tropical Infectious Diseases, COMB, Tropical Biosphere Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, 1 Senbaru, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan
- Division of Host Defense and Vaccinology, Department of Microbiology, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Kashige
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University, 8-19-1, Nanakuma, Jonan-ku, Fukuoka, Japan
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Maldaner FR, Aragão FJL, dos Santos FB, Franco OL, da Rocha Queiroz Lima M, de Oliveira Resende R, Vasques RM, Nagata T. Dengue virus tetra-epitope peptide expressed in lettuce chloroplasts for potential use in dengue diagnosis. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 97:5721-9. [PMID: 23615743 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-4918-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Revised: 04/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Dengue virus causes about 100 million cases of dengue disease per year in the world. Laboratory diagnosis is done mainly by serological techniques, which in many cases use crude virus extracts that may cause cross-reactions to other flaviviruses. These undesirable cross-reactions can be reduced or eliminated by using recombinant proteins based on restricted epitopes. Aiming to decrease flaviviral cross-reactions and non-specific interactions in dengue serological assays, a plant expression system was chosen for recombinant antigen production as a reliable and inexpensive dengue diagnostic tool. In the present report, the lettuce plastid transformation system was applied to achieve efficient and stable tetra-epitope peptide antigen production, and its reactivity was evaluated. For this purpose, one putative epitope at positions 34 to 57 of E protein within the junction site of domains I and II of dengue virus (DENV) 1 to 4 serotypes linked by glycine linkers was expressed in lettuce chloroplasts. The potential immunoreactivity for the four DENV serotypes was evaluated using sera from patients of positive and negative dengue cases. Results indicated an overall sensitivity of 71.7% and specificity of 100%. No cross-reactions with the sera of yellow fever-positive or healthy individuals vaccinated against yellow fever were observed. This novel approach may provide an alternative system for the large-scale production of dengue recombinant antigens useful for serodiagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franciele Roberta Maldaner
- Departamento de Patologia Molecular, Universidade de Brasília, 70910-900 Brasília, Federal District, Brazil
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Guan ZJ, Guo B, Huo YL, Guan ZP, Dai JK, Wei YH. Recent advances and safety issues of transgenic plant-derived vaccines. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 97:2817-40. [PMID: 23447052 PMCID: PMC7080054 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-012-4566-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Revised: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 11/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Transgenic plant-derived vaccines comprise a new type of bioreactor that combines plant genetic engineering technology with an organism's immunological response. This combination can be considered as a bioreactor that is produced by introducing foreign genes into plants that elicit special immunogenicity when introduced into animals or human beings. In comparison with traditional vaccines, plant vaccines have some significant advantages, such as low cost, greater safety, and greater effectiveness. In a number of recent studies, antigen-specific proteins have been successfully expressed in various plant tissues and have even been tested in animals and human beings. Therefore, edible vaccines of transgenic plants have a bright future. This review begins with a discussion of the immune mechanism and expression systems for transgenic plant vaccines. Then, current advances in different transgenic plant vaccines will be analyzed, including vaccines against pathogenic viruses, bacteria, and eukaryotic parasites. In view of the low expression levels for antigens in plants, high-level expression strategies of foreign protein in transgenic plants are recommended. Finally, the existing safety problems in transgenic plant vaccines were put forward will be discussed along with a number of appropriate solutions that will hopefully lead to future clinical application of edible plant vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng-jun Guan
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710069 People’s Republic of China
- Department of Life Sciences, Yuncheng University, Yuncheng, Shanxi 044000 China
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetation and Environmental Change, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100093 China
| | - Bin Guo
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710069 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan-lin Huo
- Centre of Biological and Chemical Exiperiment, Yuncheng University, Yuncheng, Shanxi 044000 China
| | - Zheng-ping Guan
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing, Jiangshu 210095 China
| | - Jia-kun Dai
- Enzyme Engineering Institute of Shaanxi, Academy of Sciences, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710600 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ya-hui Wei
- Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Biotechnology in Western China, Ministry of Education, School of Life Science, Northwest University, Xi’an, 710069 People’s Republic of China
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Kim TG, Kim MY, Huy NX, Kim SH, Yang MS. M Cell-Targeting Ligand and Consensus Dengue Virus Envelope Protein Domain III Fusion Protein Production in Transgenic Rice Calli. Mol Biotechnol 2012; 54:880-7. [DOI: 10.1007/s12033-012-9637-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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19
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Rosales-Mendoza S, Govea-Alonso DO, Monreal-Escalante E, Fragoso G, Sciutto E. Developing plant-based vaccines against neglected tropical diseases: where are we? Vaccine 2012; 31:40-8. [PMID: 23142588 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2012.10.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2012] [Revised: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 10/25/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) impair the lives of 1 billion people worldwide, and threaten the health of millions more. Although vaccine candidates have been proposed to prevent some NTDs, no vaccine is available at the market yet. Vaccines against NTDs should be low-cost and needle-free to reduce the logistic cost of their administration. Plant-based vaccines meet both requirements: plant systems allow antigen production at low cost, and also yield an optimal delivery vehicle that prevents or delays digestive hydrolysis of vaccine antigens. This review covers recent reports on the development of plant-based vaccines against NTDs. Efforts conducted by a number of research groups to develop vaccines as a mean to fight rabies, cysticercosis, dengue, and helminthiasis are emphasized. Future perspectives are identified, such as the need to develop vaccination models for more than ten pathologies through a plant-based biotechnological approach. Current limitations on the method are also noted, and molecular approaches that might allow us to address such limitations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio Rosales-Mendoza
- Laboratorio de biofarmacéuticos recombinantes, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Av. Dr. Manuel Nava 6, SLP, 78210, Mexico.
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Yoshimatsu K, Kawano N, Kawahara N, Akiyama H, Teshima R, Nishijima M. [Current status in the commercialization and application of genetically modified plants and their effects on human and livestock health and phytoremediation]. YAKUGAKU ZASSHI 2012; 132:629-74. [PMID: 22687699 DOI: 10.1248/yakushi.132.629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Developments in the use of genetically modified plants for human and livestock health and phytoremediation were surveyed using information retrieved from Entrez PubMed, Chemical Abstracts Service, Google, congress abstracts and proceedings of related scientific societies, scientific journals, etc. Information obtained was classified into 8 categories according to the research objective and the usage of the transgenic plants as 1: nutraceuticals (functional foods), 2: oral vaccines, 3: edible curatives, 4: vaccine antigens, 5: therapeutic antibodies, 6: curatives, 7: diagnostic agents and reagents, and 8: phytoremediation. In total, 405 cases were collected from 2006 to 2010. The numbers of cases were 120 for nutraceuticals, 65 for oral vaccines, 25 for edible curatives, 36 for vaccine antigens, 36 for therapeutic antibodies, 76 for curatives, 15 for diagnostic agents and reagents, and 40 for phytoremediation (sum of each cases was 413 because some reports were related to several categories). Nutraceuticals, oral vaccines and curatives were predominant. The most frequently used edible crop was rice (51 cases), and tomato (28 cases), lettuce (22 cases), potato (18 cases), corn (15 cases) followed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayo Yoshimatsu
- Research Center for Medicinal Plant Resources, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Ibaraki, Japan.
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Martínez CA, Giulietti AM, Talou JR. Research advances in plant-made flavivirus antigens. Biotechnol Adv 2012; 30:1493-505. [PMID: 22480936 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2012.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2011] [Revised: 03/14/2012] [Accepted: 03/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Outbreaks of flaviviruses such as dengue (DV), yellow fever (YFV), Japanese encephalitis (JEV), tick-borne encephalitis (TBEV) and West Nile (WNV) affect numerous countries around the world. The fast spread of these viruses is the result of increases in the human population, rapid urbanisation and globalisation. While vector control is an important preventive measure against vector-borne diseases, it has failed to prevent the spread of these diseases, particularly in developing countries where the implementation of control measures is intermittent. As antiviral drugs against flaviviruses are not yet available, vaccination remains the most important tool for prevention. Although human vaccines for YFV, TBEV and JEV are available, on-going vaccination efforts are insufficient to prevent infection. No vaccines against DENV and WNV are available. Research advances have provided important tools for flavivirus vaccine development, such as the use of plants as a recombinant antigen production platform. This review summarises the research efforts in this area and highlights why a plant system is considered a necessary alternative production platform for high-tech subunit vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Martínez
- Cátedra de Microbiología Industrial y Biotecnología, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Junín 956, CP 1113, C.A.B.A, Argentina
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Functional pentameric formation via coexpression of the Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin B subunit and its fusion protein subunit with a neutralizing epitope of ApxIIA exotoxin improves the mucosal immunogenicity and protection against challenge by Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. CLINICAL AND VACCINE IMMUNOLOGY : CVI 2011; 18:2168-77. [PMID: 22030372 DOI: 10.1128/cvi.05230-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
A coexpression strategy in Saccharomyces cerevisiae using episomal and integrative vectors for the Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin B subunit (LTB) and a fusion protein of an ApxIIA toxin epitope produced by Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae coupled to LTB, respectively, was adapted for the hetero-oligomerization of LTB and the LTB fusion construct. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with GM1 ganglioside indicated that the LTB fusion construct, along with LTB, was oligomerized to make the functional heteropentameric form, which can bind to receptors on the mucosal epithelium. The antigen-specific antibody titer of mice orally administered antigen was increased when using recombinant yeast coexpressing the pentameric form instead of recombinant yeast expressing either the LTB fusion form or antigen alone. Better protection against challenge infection with A. pleuropneumoniae was also observed for coexpression in recombinant yeast compared with others. The present study clearly indicated that the coexpression strategy enabled the LTB fusion construct to participate in the pentameric formation, resulting in an improved induction of systemic and mucosal immune responses.
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