1
|
Eskandari A, Nezhad NG, Leow TC, Rahman MBA, Oslan SN. Essential factors, advanced strategies, challenges, and approaches involved for efficient expression of recombinant proteins in Escherichia coli. Arch Microbiol 2024; 206:152. [PMID: 38472371 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-024-03871-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Producing recombinant proteins is a major accomplishment of biotechnology in the past century. Heterologous hosts, either eukaryotic or prokaryotic, are used for the production of these proteins. The utilization of microbial host systems continues to dominate as the most efficient and affordable method for biotherapeutics and food industry productions. Hence, it is crucial to analyze the limitations and advantages of microbial hosts to enhance the efficient production of recombinant proteins on a large scale. E. coli is widely used as a host for the production of recombinant proteins. Researchers have identified certain obstacles with this host, and given the growing demand for recombinant protein production, there is an immediate requirement to enhance this host. The following review discusses the elements contributing to the manifestation of recombinant protein. Subsequently, it sheds light on innovative approaches aimed at improving the expression of recombinant protein. Lastly, it delves into the obstacles and optimization methods associated with translation, mentioning both cis-optimization and trans-optimization, producing soluble recombinant protein, and engineering the metal ion transportation. In this context, a comprehensive description of the distinct features will be provided, and this knowledge could potentially enhance the expression of recombinant proteins in E. coli.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Azadeh Eskandari
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Biochemistry, FacultyofBiotechnologyand BiomolecularSciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nima Ghahremani Nezhad
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Thean Chor Leow
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Enzyme Technology and X-Ray Crystallography Laboratory, VacBio 5, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | - Siti Nurbaya Oslan
- Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Department of Biochemistry, FacultyofBiotechnologyand BiomolecularSciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
- Enzyme Technology and X-Ray Crystallography Laboratory, VacBio 5, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pouresmaeil M, Azizi-Dargahlou S. Factors involved in heterologous expression of proteins in E. coli host. Arch Microbiol 2023; 205:212. [PMID: 37120438 PMCID: PMC10148705 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-023-03541-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
The production of recombinant proteins is one of the most significant achievements of biotechnology in the last century. These proteins are produced in the eukaryotic or prokaryotic heterologous hosts. By increasing the omics data especially related to different heterologous hosts as well as the presence of new amenable genetic engineering tools, we can artificially engineer heterologous hosts to produce recombinant proteins in sufficient quantities. Numerous recombinant proteins have been produced and applied in various industries, and the global recombinant proteins market size is expected to be cast to reach USD 2.4 billion by 2027. Therefore, identifying the weakness and strengths of heterologous hosts is critical to optimize the large-scale biosynthesis of recombinant proteins. E. coli is one of the popular hosts to produce recombinant proteins. Scientists reported some bottlenecks in this host, and due to the increasing demand for the production of recombinant proteins, there is an urgent need to improve this host. In this review, we first provide general information about the E. coli host and compare it with other hosts. In the next step, we describe the factors involved in the expression of the recombinant proteins in E. coli. Successful expression of recombinant proteins in E. coli requires a complete elucidation of these factors. Here, the characteristics of each factor will be fully described, and this information can help to improve the heterologous expression of recombinant proteins in E. coli.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahin Pouresmaeil
- Agricultural Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Shahnam Azizi-Dargahlou
- Agricultural Biotechnology, Department of Biotechnology, Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Tabriz, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Shariati FS, Keramati M, Cohan RA. Indirect optimization of staphylokinase expression level in dicistronic auto-inducible system. AMB Express 2022; 12:124. [PMID: 36138332 PMCID: PMC9500143 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-022-01464-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Design of experiment (DOE) is a statistical approach for designing, performing, and interpreting a large set of data with the minimum number of tests. In our previous study, we developed a novel Hsp27 SILEX system for production of recombinant proteins. In the present study, we optimized indirectly the most effective factors including inoculation load, self-induction temperature, and culture media on autoinduction of staphylokinase (SAK) expression using RSM methodology and fluorometry. The expression level of SAK was assayed at different runs after 6 h incubation at 90 rpm. The results indicated all parameters significantly affect the SAK expression level (p < 0.05). The optimum expression condition was obtained with an inoculation load of 0.05, a temperature of 25 °C, and TB culture medium. The analysis of variance with a R2 value of 0.91 showed that a quadratic model well described this prediction (p < 0.05). Applying the optimized condition led to an approximately fourfold increase in the SAK expression level (from 1.3 to 5.2 µg/ml). Moreover, the recombinant protein was purified using immobilized metal affinity chromatography and the activity was also confirmed by semi-quantitative caseinolytic method.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Sadat Shariati
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, New Technologies Research Group, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Malihe Keramati
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, New Technologies Research Group, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Reza Ahangari Cohan
- Department of Nanobiotechnology, New Technologies Research Group, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hernández González JE, Alberca LN, Masforrol González Y, Reyes Acosta O, Talevi A, Salas-Sarduy E. Tetracycline Derivatives Inhibit Plasmodial Cysteine Protease Falcipain-2 through Binding to a Distal Allosteric Site. J Chem Inf Model 2021; 62:159-175. [PMID: 34962803 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jcim.1c01189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Allosteric inhibitors regulate enzyme activity from remote and usually specific pockets. As they promise an avenue for less toxic and safer drugs, the identification and characterization of allosteric inhibitors has gained great academic and biomedical interest in recent years. Research on falcipain-2 (FP-2), the major papain-like cysteine hemoglobinase of Plasmodium falciparum, might benefit from this strategy to overcome the low selectivity against human cathepsins shown by active site-directed inhibitors. Encouraged by our previous finding that methacycline inhibits FP-2 noncompetitively, here we assessed other five tetracycline derivatives against this target and characterized their inhibition mechanism. As previously shown for methacycline, tetracycline derivatives inhibited FP-2 in a noncompetitive fashion, with Ki values ranging from 121 to 190 μM. A possible binding to the S' side of the FP-2 active site, similar to that described by X-ray crystallography (PDB: 6SSZ) for the noncompetitive inhibitor E-chalcone 48 (EC48), was experimentally discarded by kinetic analysis using a large peptidyl substrate spanning the whole active site. By combining lengthy molecular dynamics (MD) simulations that allowed methacycline to diffuse from solution to different FP-2 surface regions and free energy calculations, we predicted the most likely binding mode of the ligand. Of note, the proposed binding pose explains the low differences in Ki values observed for the tested tetracycline derivatives and the calculated binding free energies match the experimental values. Overall, this study has implications for the design of novel allosteric inhibitors against FP-2 and sets the basis for further optimization of the tetracycline scaffold to produce more potent and selective inhibitors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Enrique Hernández González
- Departamento de Física, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas, Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Rua Cristóvão Colombo, 2265, Jardim Nazareth, São José do Rio Preto, São Paulo CEP 15054-000, Brazil
| | - Lucas N Alberca
- Laboratory of Bioactive Compounds Research and Development (LIDeB), Department of Biological Sciences, Exact Sciences College, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata B1900ADU, Argentina
| | | | - Osvaldo Reyes Acosta
- Chemistry and Physics Department, Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Havana 10600, Cuba
| | - Alan Talevi
- Laboratory of Bioactive Compounds Research and Development (LIDeB), Department of Biological Sciences, Exact Sciences College, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, La Plata B1900ADU, Argentina
| | - Emir Salas-Sarduy
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas "Dr. Rodolfo Ugalde"─Universidad Nacional de San Martín─CONICET, San Martín B1650HMP, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hernández González JE, Salas-Sarduy E, Hernández Alvarez L, Barreto Gomes DE, Pascutti PG, Oostenbrink C, Leite VBP. In silico identification of noncompetitive inhibitors targeting an uncharacterized allosteric site of falcipain-2. J Comput Aided Mol Des 2021; 35:1067-1079. [PMID: 34617191 DOI: 10.1007/s10822-021-00420-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Falcipain-2 (FP-2) is a Plasmodium falciparum hemoglobinase widely targeted in the search for antimalarials. FP-2 can be allosterically modulated by various noncompetitive inhibitors that have been serendipitously identified. Moreover, the crystal structures of two inhibitors bound to an allosteric site, termed site 6, of the homolog enzyme human cathepsin K (hCatK) suggest that the equivalent region in FP-2 might play a similar role. Here, we conduct the rational identification of FP-2 inhibitors through virtual screenings (VS) of compounds into several pocket-like conformations of site 6, sampled during molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of the free enzyme. Two noncompetitive inhibitors, ZINC03225317 and ZINC72290660, were confirmed using in vitro enzymatic assays and their poses into site 6 led to calculated binding free energies matching the experimental ones. Our results provide strong evidence about the allosteric inhibition of FP-2 through binding of small molecules to site 6, thus opening the way toward the discovery of new inhibitors against this enzyme.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Enrique Hernández González
- Departamento de Física, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas - Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Rua Cristóvão Colombo 2265, Jardim Nazareth, São José do Rio Preto, SP, CEP 15054-000, Brazil. .,Laboratório de Modelagem e Dinâmica Molecular, Instituto de Biofı́sica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Ave. Carlos Chagas Filho - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Ave. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, CCS-Bloco D sala 30, Cidade Universitária Ilha de Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 21941-902, Brazil. .,Institute for Molecular Modeling and Simulation, Department for Material Sciences and Process Engineering - University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Emir Salas-Sarduy
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biotecnológicas Dr. Rodolfo Ugalde, Universidad Nacional de San Martín, CONICET, San Martín, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lilian Hernández Alvarez
- Departamento de Física, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas - Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Rua Cristóvão Colombo 2265, Jardim Nazareth, São José do Rio Preto, SP, CEP 15054-000, Brazil
| | - Diego Enry Barreto Gomes
- Laboratório de Modelagem e Dinâmica Molecular, Instituto de Biofı́sica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Ave. Carlos Chagas Filho - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Ave. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, CCS-Bloco D sala 30, Cidade Universitária Ilha de Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 21941-902, Brazil.,Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), Rua José Lourenço Kelmer, s/n - Campus Universitário, Bairro São Pedro, Juiz de Fora, MG, CEP 36036-900, Brazil
| | - Pedro Geraldo Pascutti
- Laboratório de Modelagem e Dinâmica Molecular, Instituto de Biofı́sica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Ave. Carlos Chagas Filho - Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Ave. Carlos Chagas Filho, 373, CCS-Bloco D sala 30, Cidade Universitária Ilha de Fundão, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, CEP 21941-902, Brazil
| | - Chris Oostenbrink
- Institute for Molecular Modeling and Simulation, Department for Material Sciences and Process Engineering - University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Vienna, Muthgasse 18, 1190, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vitor B P Leite
- Departamento de Física, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas - Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Rua Cristóvão Colombo 2265, Jardim Nazareth, São José do Rio Preto, SP, CEP 15054-000, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lu J, Zhang C, Leong HY, Show PL, Lu F, Lu Z. Overproduction of lipoxygenase from Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Escherichia coli by auto-induction expression and its application in triphenylmethane dyes degradation. J Biosci Bioeng 2020; 129:327-332. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2019.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
|
7
|
Identification of (4-(9H-fluoren-9-yl) piperazin-1-yl) methanone derivatives as falcipain 2 inhibitors active against Plasmodium falciparum cultures. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2018; 1862:2911-2923. [PMID: 30253205 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2018.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2018] [Revised: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Falcipain 2 (FP-2) is the hemoglobin-degrading cysteine protease of Plasmodium falciparum most extensively targeted to develop novel antimalarials. However, no commercial antimalarial drugs based on FP-2 inhibition are available yet due to the low selectivity of most FP-2 inhibitors against the human cysteine proteases. METHODS A structure-based virtual screening (SVBS) using Maybridge HitFinder™ compound database was conducted to identify potential FP-2 inhibitors. In vitro enzymatic and cell-growth inhibition assays were performed for the top-scoring compounds. Docking, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations and free energy calculations were employed to study the interaction of the best hits with FP-2 and other related enzymes. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Two hits based on 4-(9H-fluoren-9-yl) piperazin-1-yl) methanone scaffold, HTS07940 and HTS08262, were identified as inhibitors of FP-2 (half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) = 64 μM and 14.7 μM, respectively) without a detectable inhibition against the human off-target cathepsin K (hCatK). HTS07940 and HTS08262 inhibited the growth of the multidrug-resistant P. falciparum strain FCR3 in culture (half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) = 2.91 μM and 34 μM, respectively) and exhibited only moderate cytotoxicity against HeLa cells (Half-maximal cytotoxic concentration (CC50) = 133 μM and 350 μM, respectively). Free energy calculations reproduced the experimental affinities of the hits for FP-2 and explained the selectivity with respect to hCatK. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE To the best of our knowledge, HTS07940 stands among the most selective FP-2 inhibitors identified by SBVS reported so far, displaying moderate antiplasmodial activity and low cytotoxicity against human cells. Hence, this compound constitutes a promising lead for the design of more potent and selective FP-2 inhibitors.
Collapse
|
8
|
Claassens NJ, Siliakus MF, Spaans SK, Creutzburg SCA, Nijsse B, Schaap PJ, Quax TEF, van der Oost J. Improving heterologous membrane protein production in Escherichia coli by combining transcriptional tuning and codon usage algorithms. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0184355. [PMID: 28902855 PMCID: PMC5597330 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0184355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
High-level, recombinant production of membrane-integrated proteins in Escherichia coli is extremely relevant for many purposes, but has also been proven challenging. Here we study a combination of transcriptional fine-tuning in E. coli LEMO21(DE3) with different codon usage algorithms for heterologous production of membrane proteins. The overexpression of 6 different membrane proteins is compared for the wild-type gene codon usage variant, a commercially codon-optimized variant, and a codon-harmonized variant. We show that transcriptional fine-tuning plays a major role in improving the production of all tested proteins. Moreover, different codon usage variants significantly improved production of some of the tested proteins. However, not a single algorithm performed consistently best for the membrane-integrated production of the 6 tested proteins. In conclusion, for improving heterologous membrane protein production in E. coli, the major effect is accomplished by transcriptional tuning. In addition, further improvements may be realized by attempting different codon usage variants, such as codon harmonized variants, which can now be easily generated through our online Codon Harmonizer tool.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nico J. Claassens
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Melvin F. Siliakus
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Sebastiaan K. Spaans
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Bart Nijsse
- Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter J. Schaap
- Laboratory of Systems and Synthetic Biology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tessa E. F. Quax
- Institut für Biologie II, Albert Ludwigs Universität Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - John van der Oost
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Identification of Tight-Binding Plasmepsin II and Falcipain 2 Inhibitors in Aqueous Extracts of Marine Invertebrates by the Combination of Enzymatic and Interaction-Based Assays. Mar Drugs 2017; 15:md15040123. [PMID: 28430158 PMCID: PMC5408269 DOI: 10.3390/md15040123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 04/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products from marine origin constitute a very promising and underexplored source of interesting compounds for modern biotechnological and pharmaceutical industries. However, their evaluation is quite challenging and requires specifically designed assays to reliably identify the compounds of interest in a highly heterogeneous and interfering context. In the present study, we describe a general strategy for the confident identification of tight-binding protease inhibitors in the aqueous extracts of 62 Cuban marine invertebrates, using Plasmodium falciparum hemoglobinases Plasmepsin II and Falcipain 2 as model enzymes. To this end, we first developed a screening strategy that combined enzymatic with interaction-based assays and then validated screening conditions using five reference extracts. Interferences were evaluated and minimized. The results from the massive screening of such extracts, the validation of several hits by a variety of interaction-based assays and the purification and functional characterization of PhPI, a multifunctional and reversible tight-binding inhibitor for Plasmepsin II and Falcipain 2 from the gorgonian Plexaura homomalla, are presented.
Collapse
|
10
|
Heterologous production of a temperature and pH-stable laccase from Bacillus vallismortis fmb-103 in Escherichia coli and its application. Process Biochem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2017.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
|
11
|
Faust G, Stand A, Weuster-Botz D. IPTG can replace lactose in auto-induction media to enhance protein expression in batch-culturedEscherichia coli. Eng Life Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/elsc.201500011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Georg Faust
- Lehrstuhl für Bioverfahrenstechnik; Technische Universität München; Garching Germany
| | - Alexandra Stand
- Lehrstuhl für Bioverfahrenstechnik; Technische Universität München; Garching Germany
| | - Dirk Weuster-Botz
- Lehrstuhl für Bioverfahrenstechnik; Technische Universität München; Garching Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ling C, Zhang J, Lin D, Tao A. Approaches for the generation of active papain-like cysteine proteases from inclusion bodies of Escherichia coli. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2015; 31:681-90. [PMID: 25792298 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-015-1804-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2014] [Accepted: 01/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Papain-like cysteine proteases are widely expressed, fulfill specific functions in extracellular matrix turnover, antigen presentation and processing events, and may represent viable drug targets for major diseases. In depth and rigorous studies of the potential for these proteins to be targets for drug development require sufficient amounts of protease protein that can be used for both experimental and therapeutic purposes. Escherichia coli was widely used to express papain-like cysteine proteases, but most of those proteases are produced in insoluble inclusion bodies that need solubilizing, refolding, purifying and activating. Refolding is the most critical step in the process of generating active cysteine proteases and the current approaches to refolding include dialysis, dilution and chromatography. Purification is mainly achieved by various column chromatography. Finally, the attained refolded proteases are examined regarding their protease structures and activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunfang Ling
- School of Life Science, South China Normal University, 55# Zhongshan Road West, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, 510631, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
High-level expression in Escherichia coli, purification and kinetic characterization of Plasmodium falciparum M1-aminopeptidase. Protein Expr Purif 2014; 104:103-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2014.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2014] [Revised: 08/03/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
|
14
|
Vaz MRF, de Sousa Junior FC, Costa LMR, dos Santos ES, Martins DRA, de Macedo GR. Optimization of culture medium for cell growth and expression of 648 antigen from Leishmania infantum chagasi in recombinant Escherichia coli M15. ANN MICROBIOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s13213-014-1000-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
|
15
|
Koeberl M, Kamath SD, Saptarshi SR, Smout MJ, Rolland JM, O'Hehir RE, Lopata AL. Auto-induction for high yield expression of recombinant novel isoallergen tropomyosin from King prawn (Melicertus latisulcatus) for improved diagnostics and immunotherapeutics. J Immunol Methods 2014; 415:6-16. [PMID: 25450004 DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2014.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Food allergies are increasing worldwide, demonstrating a considerable public health concern. Shellfish allergy is one of the major food groups causing allergic sensitization among adults and children, affecting up to 2% of the general world population. Tropomyosin (TM) is the major allergen in shellfish and frequently used in the diagnosis of allergic sensitization and the detection of cross-contaminated food. To improve and establish better and more sensitive diagnostics for allergies and immunotherapeutics, large quantities of pure allergens are required. To establish a reproducible method for the generation of pure recombinant tropomyosin we utilized in this study different Escherichia coli strains (NM522, TOP10 and BL21(DE3)RIPL). In addition, isopropyl-β-D-thiogalactoside (IPTG) induction was compared with a novel auto-induction system to allow the generation of larger quantities of recombinant allergen. We demonstrated that the B-strain of E. coli is better for the expression of TM compared to the K-strain. Moreover, a higher yield could be achieved when using the auto-induction system, with up to 62 mg/l. High yield expressed recombinant TM from King prawn (KP) was compared to recombinant TM from Black tiger prawn (Pen m 1). We demonstrated that recombinant TM from KP and known isoallergen Pen m 1 have very similar molecular and immunological characteristics. Overall, we demonstrate that auto-induction can be used to express larger quantities of recombinant allergens for the development of diagnostic, to quantify allergens as well as immunotherapeutics employing isoallergens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martina Koeberl
- Molecular Immunology Group, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia; Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Discovery of Therapeutics, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia; Comparative Genomic Centre, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia; Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Sandip D Kamath
- Molecular Immunology Group, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia; Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Discovery of Therapeutics, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia; Comparative Genomic Centre, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia; Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Shruti R Saptarshi
- Molecular Immunology Group, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia; Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Discovery of Therapeutics, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia; Comparative Genomic Centre, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia; Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Michael J Smout
- Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Discovery of Therapeutics, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia; Queensland Tropical Health Alliance, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD, Australia; Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Jennifer M Rolland
- Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Allergy, Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, The Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robyn E O'Hehir
- Department of Immunology, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia; Department of Allergy, Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, The Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andreas L Lopata
- Molecular Immunology Group, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia; Centre for Biodiscovery and Molecular Discovery of Therapeutics, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia; Comparative Genomic Centre, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia; Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Bertoldo JB, Chiaradia-Delatorre LD, Mascarello A, Leal PC, Cordeiro MNS, Nunes RJ, Sarduy ES, Rosenthal PJ, Terenzi H. Synthetic compounds from an in house library as inhibitors of falcipain-2 from Plasmodium falciparum. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2014; 30:299-307. [PMID: 24964346 DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2014.920839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Falcipain-2 (FP-2) is a key cysteine protease from the malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Many previous studies have identified FP-2 inhibitors; however, none has yet met the criteria for an antimalarial drug candidate. In this work, we assayed an in-house library of non-peptidic organic compounds, including (E)-chalcones, (E)-N'-benzylidene-benzohydrazides and alkyl-esters of gallic acid, and assessed the activity toward FP-2 and their mechanisms of inhibition. The (E)-chalcones 48, 54 and 66 showed the lowest IC50 values (8.5 ± 0.8 µM, 9.5 ± 0.2 µM and 4.9 ± 1.3 µM, respectively). The best inhibitor (compound 66) demonstrated non-competitive inhibition, and using mass spectrometry and fluorescence spectroscopy assays, we suggest a potential allosteric site for the interaction of this compound, located between the catalytic site and the hemoglobin binding arm in FP-2. We combined structural biology tools and mass spectrometry to characterize the inhibition mechanisms of novel compounds targeting FP-2.
Collapse
|
17
|
Salas-Sarduy E, Cabrera-Muñoz A, Cauerhff A, González-González Y, Trejo SA, Chidichimo A, Chávez-Planes MDLA, Cazzulo JJ. Antiparasitic effect of a fraction enriched in tight-binding protease inhibitors isolated from the Caribbean coral Plexaura homomalla. Exp Parasitol 2013; 135:611-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2013.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Revised: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
|
18
|
Expression and purification of chimeric peptide comprising EGFR B-cell epitope and measles virus fusion protein T-cell epitope in Escherichia coli. Protein Expr Purif 2013; 88:7-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2012.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Revised: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 11/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
|
19
|
Sarduy ES, Chávez Planes MDLA. Efficient expression systems for cysteine proteases of malaria parasites: too good to be true? Bioengineered 2012; 4:107-14. [PMID: 23018863 DOI: 10.4161/bioe.22348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Papain-like cysteine proteases of malaria parasites are considered important chemotherapeutic targets or valuable models for the evaluation of drug candidates. Consequently, many of these enzymes have been cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli for their biochemical characterization. However, their expression has been problematic, showing low yield and leading to the formation of insoluble aggregates. Given that highly-productive expression systems are required for the high-throughput evaluation of inhibitors, we analyzed the existing expression systems to identify the causes of such apparent issues. We found that significant divergences in codon and nucleotide composition from host genes are the most probable cause of expression failure, and propose several strategies to overcome these limitations. Finally we predict that yeast hosts Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Pichia pastoris may be better suited than E. coli for the efficient expression of plasmodial genes, presumably leading to soluble and active products reproducing structural and functional characteristics of the natural enzymes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emir Salas Sarduy
- Centro de Estudio de Proteínas, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de la Habana, Havana, Cuba.
| | | |
Collapse
|