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Moody TW, Ramos-Alvarez I, Jensen RT. Peptide G-Protein-Coupled Receptors and ErbB Receptor Tyrosine Kinases in Cancer. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:957. [PMID: 37508387 PMCID: PMC10376828 DOI: 10.3390/biology12070957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The ErbB RTKs (EGFR, HER2, HER3, and HER4) have been well-studied in cancer. EGFR, HER2, and HER3 stimulate cancer proliferation, principally by activating the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathways, resulting in increased cancer cell survival and proliferation. Cancer cells have high densities of the EGFR, HER2, and HER3 causing phosphorylation of tyrosine amino acids on protein substrates and tyrosine amino acids near the C-terminal of the RTKs. After transforming growth factor (TGF) α binds to the EGFR, homodimers or EGFR heterodimers form. HER2 forms heterodimers with the EGFR, HER3, and HER4. The EGFR, HER2, and HER3 are overexpressed in lung cancer patient tumors, and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), such as Herceptin against HER2, are used to treat breast cancer patients. Patients with EGFR mutations are treated with tyrosine kinase inhibitors, such as gefitinib or osimertinib. Peptide GPCRs, such as NTSR1, are present in many cancers, and neurotensin (NTS) stimulates the growth of cancer cells. Lung cancer proliferation is impaired by SR48692, an NTSR1 antagonist. SR48692 is synergistic with gefitinib at inhibiting lung cancer growth. Adding NTS to lung cancer cells increases the shedding of TGFα, which activates the EGFR, or neuregulin-1, which activates HER3. The transactivation process is impaired by SRC, matrix metalloprotease, and reactive oxygen species inhibitors. While the transactivation process is complicated, it is fast and occurs within minutes after adding NTS to cancer cells. This review emphasizes the use of tyrosine kinase inhibitors and SR48692 to impair transactivation and cancer growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry W Moody
- Center for Cancer Training, NCI, and Digestive Diseases Branch, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Irene Ramos-Alvarez
- Center for Cancer Training, NCI, and Digestive Diseases Branch, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Robert T Jensen
- Center for Cancer Training, NCI, and Digestive Diseases Branch, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Szaryńska M, Olejniczak-Kęder A, Podpłońska K, Prahl A, Iłowska E. Bradykinin and Neurotensin Analogues as Potential Compounds in Colon Cancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119644. [PMID: 37298595 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most lethal malignancies worldwide, so the attempts to find novel therapeutic approaches are necessary. The aim of our study was to analyze how chemical modifications influence physical, chemical, and biological properties of the two peptides, namely, bradykinin (BK) and neurotensin (NT). For this purpose, we used fourteen modified peptides, and their anti-cancers features were analyzed on the HCT116 CRC cell line. Our results confirmed that the spherical mode of a CRC cell line culture better reflects the natural tumour microenvironment. We observed that the size of the colonospheres was markedly reduced following treatment with some BK and NT analogues. The proportion of CD133+ cancer stem cells (CSCs) in colonospheres decreased following incubation with the aforementioned peptides. In our research, we found two groups of these peptides. The first group influenced all the analyzed cellular features, while the second seemed to include the most promising peptides that lowered the count of CD133+ CSCs with parallel substantial reduction in CRC cells viability. These analogues need further analysis to uncover their overall anti-cancer potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Szaryńska
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Agata Olejniczak-Kęder
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Kamila Podpłońska
- Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-210 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Adam Prahl
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Emilia Iłowska
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, 80-308 Gdansk, Poland
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Babu G, Mohanty B. Neurotensin modulation of lipopolysaccharide induced inflammation of gut-liver axis: Evaluation using neurotensin receptor agonist and antagonist. Neuropeptides 2023; 97:102297. [PMID: 36368076 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2022.102297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a toxic component of the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria, is a potent immune stressor. LPS-induced inflammation of the gut-liver axis is well demonstrated. Neurotensin (NTS), a tri-decapeptide present in the gastrointestinal tract, has anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative, and growth-promoting properties. This study elucidated the efficacy of PD149163, the type I NTS receptor agonist (NTS1) in the modulation of LPS-induced inflammation of the gut-liver axis of mice. Young-adult female mice (Age: 8 weeks; BW: 25 ± 2.5 g) were maintained in six groups (6/group); Group I as control and Group II, III & IV were exposed to LPS (1 mg/kg BW/Day; i.p.) for five days. LPS pre-exposed Group III and Group IV mice were treated with NTS1 agonist PD149163 (100 μg/kg BW i.p.) and antagonist SR48692 (0.5 mg/kg BW i.p.) respectively for 28 days. Group V and Group VI mice were exposed to only PD149163 and only SR48692 respectively with the doses as mentioned above for 28 days. Group I and LPS-exposed Group II mice were also maintained four weeks without further treatment. Histopathology revealed LPS-induced inflammation of the gut and liver. Significant elevation of plasma TNF-α and IL-6 and serum ALT and AST reflected as biomarkers of inflammation. Oxidative stress on both organs was distinct from decreased glutathione reductase and increased lipid peroxidation. PD149163 but not SR48692 ameliorated LPS-induced inflammation in both gut and liver counteracting inflammatory responses and oxidative stress. The use of NTS agonists including PD149163 could be exploited for therapeutic intervention of inflammatory diseases including that of the gut-liver axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyan Babu
- Department of Zoology, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh 211002, India
| | - Banalata Mohanty
- Department of Zoology, University of Allahabad, Prayagraj, Uttar Pradesh 211002, India.
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Houson HA, Tekin V, Lin W, Aluicio-Sarduy E, Engle JW, Lapi SE. PET Imaging of the Neurotensin Targeting Peptide NOTA-NT-20.3 Using Cobalt-55, Copper-64 and Gallium-68. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14122724. [PMID: 36559218 PMCID: PMC9781609 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14122724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Neurotensin receptor 1 (NTSR1) is an emerging target for imaging and therapy of many types of cancer. Nuclear imaging of NTSR1 allows for noninvasive assessment of the receptor levels of NTSR1 on the primary tumor, as well as potential metastases. This work focuses on a the neurotensin peptide analogue NT-20.3 conjugated to the chelator NOTA for radiolabeling for use in noninvasive positron emission tomography (PET). NOTA-NT-20.3 was radiolabeled with gallium-68, copper-64, and cobalt-55 to determine the effect that modification of the radiometal has on imaging and potential therapeutic properties of NOTA-NT-20.3. Methods: In vitro assays investigating cell uptake and subcellular localization of the radiolabeled peptides were performed using human colorectal adenocarcinoma HT29 cells. In vivo PET/CT imaging was used to determine the distribution and clearance of the peptide in mice bearing NTSR1 expressing HT29 tumors. Results: Cell uptake studies showed that the highest uptake was obtained with [55Co] Co-NOTA-NT-20.3 (18.70 ± 1.30%ID/mg), followed by [64Cu] Cu-NOTA-NT-20.3 (15.46 ± 0.91%ID/mg), and lastly [68Ga] Ga-NOTA-NT-20.3 (10.94 ± 0.46%ID/mg) (p < 0.001). Subcellular distribution was similar across the three constructs, with the membranous fraction containing the highest amount of radioactivity. In vivo PET/CT imaging of the three constructs revealed similar distribution and tumor uptake at the 1 h imaging timepoint. Tumor uptake was receptor-specific and blockable by co-injection of non-radiolabeled NOTA-NT-20.3. SUV ratios of tumor to heart at the 24 h imaging timepoint show that [55Co] Co-NOTA-NT-20.3 (20.28 ± 3.04) outperformed [64Cu] Cu-NOTA-NT-20.3 (6.52 ± 1.97). In conclusion, our studies show that enhanced cell uptake and increasing tumor to blood ratios over time displayed the superiority of [55Co] Co-NOTA-NT-20.3 over [68Ga] Ga-NOTA-NT-20.3 and [64Cu] Cu-NOTA-NT-20.3 for the targeting of NTSR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailey A. Houson
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Volkan Tekin
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Wilson Lin
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Eduardo Aluicio-Sarduy
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Jonathan W. Engle
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Suzanne E. Lapi
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
- Correspondence:
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Moody TW, Ramos-Alvarez I, Jensen RT. Adding of neurotensin to non-small cell lung cancer cells increases tyrosine phosphorylation of HER3. Peptides 2022; 156:170858. [PMID: 35932909 PMCID: PMC9529830 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2022.170858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/01/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Neurotensin (NTS) receptor 1 regulates the growth non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells. NTS binds with high affinity to NTSR1, leading to increased tyrosine phosphorylation of the EGFR and HER2. Using Calu3, NCI-H358, or NCI-H441 cells, the effects of NTS on HER3 transactivation were investigated. HER3 tyrosine phosphorylation was increased by NTS or neuregulin (NRG1) addition to NSCLC cells. NCI-H358, NCI-H441, and Calu-3 cells have HER3, NTSR1 and neuregulin (NRG)1 protein. NTSR1 regulation of HER3 transactivation was impaired by SR48692 (NTSR1 antagonist) or monoclonal antibody (mAb)3481 (HER3 blocker). Immunoprecipitation experiments indicated that NTS addition to NCI-H441cells resulted in the formation of EGFR/HER3 and HER2/HER3 heterodimers. The ability of NTS to increase HER3 tyrosine phosphorylation was impaired by GM6001 (MMP inhibitor), PP2 (Src inhibitor), Tiron (superoxide scavenger), or N-acetylcysteine (antioxidant). Adding NTS to NSCLC cells increased phosphorylation of ERK, HER3, and AKT. NTS or NRG1 increased colony formation of NSCLC cells which was strongly inhibited by SR48692 and mAb3481. The results indicate that NTSR1 regulates HER3 transactivation in NSCLC cells leading to increased proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry W Moody
- Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Training, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Irene Ramos-Alvarez
- National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Disease, Digestive Diseases Branch, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
| | - Robert T Jensen
- National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Disease, Digestive Diseases Branch, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20892 USA
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Sánchez ML, Coveñas R. The Neurotensinergic System: A Target for Cancer Treatment. Curr Med Chem 2021; 29:3231-3260. [PMID: 34711154 DOI: 10.2174/0929867328666211027124328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The scientific interest regarding the involvement of peptides in cancer has increased in the last years. In tumor cells the overexpression of peptides and their receptors is known and new therapeutic targets for the treatment of cancer have been suggested. The overexpression of the neurotensinergic system has been associated with poor prognosis, tumor size, higher tumor aggressiveness, increased relapse risk and worse sensitivity to chemotherapy agents. OBJECTIVE The aim of this review is to update the findings regarding the involvement of the neurotensinergic system in cancer to suggest anticancer therapeutic strategies targeting this system. The neurotensin (NT) precursor, NT and its receptors (NTR) and the involvement of the neurotensinergic system in lung, breast, prostate, gastric, colon, liver and pancreatic cancers, glioblastoma, neuroendocrine tumors and B-cell leukemia will be mentioned and discussed as well as the signaling pathways mediated by NT. Some research lines to be developed in the future will be suggested such as: molecules regulating the expression of the NT precursor, influence of the diet in the development of tumors, molecules and signaling pathways activated by NT and antitumor therapeutic strategies targeting the neurotensinergic system. CONCLUSION NT, via the NTR, exerts oncogenic (tumor cell proliferation, invasion, migration, angiogenesis) and antiapoptotic effects, whereas NTR antagonists inhibit these effects. NTR expression can be used as a diagnostic tool/therapeutic target and the administration of NTR antagonists as antitumor drugs could be a therapeutic strategy to treat tumors overexpressing NTR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Lisardo Sánchez
- University of Salamanca, Laboratory of Neuroanatomy of the Peptidergic Systems (Lab. 14), Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla y León (INCYL), Salamanca. Spain
| | - Rafael Coveñas
- University of Salamanca, Laboratory of Neuroanatomy of the Peptidergic Systems (Lab. 14), Institute of Neurosciences of Castilla y León (INCYL), Salamanca. Spain
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Neurotensin Regulates Proliferation and Stem Cell Function in the Small Intestine in a Nutrient-Dependent Manner. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2021; 13:501-516. [PMID: 34560309 PMCID: PMC8688554 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2021.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Intestinal stem cells (ISCs) are sensitive to dietary alterations and nutrient availability. Neurotensin (NT), a gut peptide localized predominantly to the small bowel and released by fat ingestion, stimulates the growth of intestinal mucosa under basal conditions and during periods of nutrient deprivation, suggesting a possible role for NT on ISC function. METHODS Leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein coupled receptor 5-Enhanced Green Fluorescent Protein (Lgr5-EGFP) NT wild type (Nt+/+) and Lgr5-EGFP NT knockout (Nt-/-) mice were fed ad libitum or fasted for 48 hours. Small intestine tissue and crypts were examined by gene expression analyses, fluorescence-activated cell sorting, Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and crypt-derived organoid culture. Drosophila expressing NT in midgut enteroendocrine cells were fed a standard diet or low-energy diet and esg-green fluorescent protein+ ISCs were quantified via immunofluorescence. RESULTS Loss of NT impaired crypt cell proliferation and ISC function in a manner dependent on nutrient status. Under nutrient-rich conditions, NT stimulated extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2 signaling and the expression of genes that promote cell-cycle progression, leading to crypt cell proliferation. Under conditions of nutrient depletion, NT stimulated WNT/β-catenin signaling and promoted an ISC gene signature, leading to enhanced ISC function. NT was required for the induction of WNT/β-catenin signaling and ISC-specific gene expression during nutrient depletion, and loss of NT reduced crypt cell proliferation and impaired ISC function and Lgr5 expression in the intestine during fasting. Conversely, the expression of NT in midgut enteroendocrine cells of Drosophila prevented loss of ISCs during nutrient depletion. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our findings establish an evolutionarily conserved role for NT in ISC maintenance during nutritional stress. GSE182828.
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Moody TW, Ramos-Alvarez I, Jensen RT. Bombesin, endothelin, neurotensin and pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide cause tyrosine phosphorylation of receptor tyrosine kinases. Peptides 2021; 137:170480. [PMID: 33385499 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2020.170480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Numerous peptides including bombesin (BB), endothelin (ET), neurotensin (NTS) and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) are growth factors for lung cancer cells. The peptides bind to G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) resulting in elevated cAMP and/or phosphatidylinositol (PI) turnover. In contrast, growth factors such as epidermal growth factor (EGF) or neuregulin (NRG)-1 bind to receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) such as the EGFR or HER3, increasing tyrosine kinase activity, resulting in the phosphorylation of protein substrates such as PI3K or phospholipase (PL)C. Peptide GPCRs can transactivate numerous RTKs, especially members of the EGFR/HER family resulting in increased phosphorylation of ERK, leading to cellular proliferation or increased phosphorylation of AKT, leading to cellular survival. GRCR antagonists and tyrosine kinase inhibitors are useful agents to prevent RTK transactivation and inhibit proliferation of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry W Moody
- Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Training, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Irene Ramos-Alvarez
- National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Disease, Digestive Diseases Branch, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892 USA
| | - Robert T Jensen
- National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Disease, Digestive Diseases Branch, 9000 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD, 20892 USA
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Yue J, Dai Q, Hao S, Zhu S, Liu X, Tang Z, Li M, Fang H, Lin C, Luo Z. Suppression of the NTS-CPS1 regulatory axis by AFF1 in lung adenocarcinoma cells. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100319. [PMID: 33493519 PMCID: PMC7949158 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Upregulation of the neuropeptide neurotensin (NTS) in a subgroup of lung cancers has been linked to poor prognosis. However, the regulatory pathway centered on NTS in lung cancer remains unclear. Here we identified the NTS-specific enhancer in lung adenocarcinoma cells. The AF4/FMR2 (AFF) family protein AFF1 occupies the NTS enhancer and inhibits NTS transcription. Clustering analysis of lung adenocarcinoma gene expression data demonstrated that NTS expression is highly positively correlated with the expression of the oncogenic factor CPS1. Detailed analyses demonstrated that the IL6 pathway antagonizes NTS in regulating CPS1. Thus, our analyses revealed a novel NTS-centered regulatory axis, consisting of AFF1 as a master transcription suppressor and IL6 as an antagonist in lung adenocarcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Yue
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qian Dai
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shaohua Hao
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shiqi Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoxu Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiqun Tang
- Singapore Eye research Institute, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Meng Li
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haitong Fang
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chengqi Lin
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China.
| | - Zhuojuan Luo
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, School of Life Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China.
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Deluigi M, Klipp A, Klenk C, Merklinger L, Eberle SA, Morstein L, Heine P, Mittl PRE, Ernst P, Kamenecka TM, He Y, Vacca S, Egloff P, Honegger A, Plückthun A. Complexes of the neurotensin receptor 1 with small-molecule ligands reveal structural determinants of full, partial, and inverse agonism. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2021; 7:7/5/eabe5504. [PMID: 33571132 PMCID: PMC7840143 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abe5504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Neurotensin receptor 1 (NTSR1) and related G protein-coupled receptors of the ghrelin family are clinically unexploited, and several mechanistic aspects of their activation and inactivation have remained unclear. Enabled by a new crystallization design, we present five new structures: apo-state NTSR1 as well as complexes with nonpeptide inverse agonists SR48692 and SR142948A, partial agonist RTI-3a, and the novel full agonist SRI-9829, providing structural rationales on how ligands modulate NTSR1. The inverse agonists favor a large extracellular opening of helices VI and VII, undescribed so far for NTSR1, causing a constriction of the intracellular portion. In contrast, the full and partial agonists induce a binding site contraction, and their efficacy correlates with the ability to mimic the binding mode of the endogenous agonist neurotensin. Providing evidence of helical and side-chain rearrangements modulating receptor activation, our structural and functional data expand the mechanistic understanding of NTSR1 and potentially other peptidergic receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Deluigi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Klipp
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Klenk
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lisa Merklinger
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie A Eberle
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lena Morstein
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Philipp Heine
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peer R E Mittl
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Ernst
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Theodore M Kamenecka
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, 130 Scripps Way #A2A, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Yuanjun He
- Department of Molecular Medicine, The Scripps Research Institute, Scripps Florida, 130 Scripps Way #A2A, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Santiago Vacca
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Pascal Egloff
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Annemarie Honegger
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Plückthun
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
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Li L, Weiss HL, Li J, Chen Z, Donato L, Evers BM. High plasma levels of pro-NT are associated with increased colon cancer risk. Endocr Relat Cancer 2020; 27:641-646. [PMID: 33055301 PMCID: PMC7709962 DOI: 10.1530/erc-20-0310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Emerging data supports a potential role of neurotensin (NT) in the development of obesity, obesity-associated comorbidities, and certain cancers. The association of NT with colon cancer risk has not been explicitly explored. We determined plasma levels of pro-NT, a stable NT precursor fragment, in 223 incident colon cancer patients and 223 age-, gender-, BMI-matched population controls participating in a population-based case-control study of colon cancer. On average, the cases have significantly higher levels of pro-NT than the controls (median = 205.6 pmol/L vs 183.1 pmol/L, respectively; P = 0.02). Multivariate logistic regression models, adjusted for age, gender, BMI, family history of colorectal cancer, smoking, diabetes mellitus, alcohol, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs use, show statistically significant risk associations: for continuous measure of pro-NT, the OR estimate was 1.30 (95% CI =1.03-1.64; P = 0.026) for each increment of 175 pmol/L; for dichotomized measure of pro-NT, the OR estimate was 1.75 (95% CI = 1.12-2.74; P = 0.025) for those in the top quartile comparing to the other participants. Our results support circulating levels of pro-NT as a novel risk biomarker for colon cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Li
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
- Correspondence: B. Mark Evers, 800 Rose Street CC140, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536 (phone: 859-323-4331) ; Li Li, Department of Family Medicine, University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908 (434-982-3975)
| | - Heidi L. Weiss
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Jing Li
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Zhengyi Chen
- Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH
| | - Leslie Donato
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Rochester, MN
| | - B. Mark Evers
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
- Correspondence: B. Mark Evers, 800 Rose Street CC140, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536 (phone: 859-323-4331) ; Li Li, Department of Family Medicine, University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA 22908 (434-982-3975)
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Kanellopoulos P, Nock BA, Krenning EP, Maina T. Optimizing the Profile of [ 99mTc]Tc-NT(7-13) Tracers in Pancreatic Cancer Models by Means of Protease Inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21217926. [PMID: 33114537 PMCID: PMC7663772 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The overexpression of neurotensin subtype 1 receptors (NTS1Rs) in human tumors may be elegantly exploited for directing neurotensin (NT)-based radionuclide carriers specifically to cancer sites for theranostic purposes. We have recently shown that [99mTc]Tc–DT1 ([99mTc]Tc–[N4–Gly7]NT(7–13)) and [99mTc]Tc–DT5 ([99mTc]Tc–[N4–βAla7,Dab9]NT(7–13)) show notably improved uptake in human colon adenocarcinoma WiDr xenografts in mice treated with neprilysin (NEP) inhibitors and/or angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors compared with untreated controls. Aiming toward translation of this promising approach in NTS1R-positive pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) patients, we now report on the impact of registered NEP/ACE inhibitors on the performance of [99mTc]Tc–DT1 and [99mTc]Tc–DT5 in pancreatic cancer models. Methods: The cellular uptake of [99mTc]Tc–DT1 and [99mTc]Tc–DT5 was tested in a panel of pancreatic cell lines, and their stability was assessed in mice treated or not treated with Entresto, lisinopril, or their combinations. Biodistribution was conducted in severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice bearing pancreatic AsPC-1 xenografts. Results: The Entresto + lisinopril combination maximized the metabolic stability of the fast-internalizing [99mTc]Tc–DT1 in mice, resulting in notably enhanced tumor uptake (7.05 ± 0.80% injected activity (IA)/g vs. 1.25 ± 0.80% IA/g in non-treated controls at 4 h post-injection; p < 0.0001). Conclusions: This study has shown the feasibility of optimizing the uptake of [99mTc]Tc–DT1 in pancreatic cancer models with the aid of clinically established NEP/ACE inhibitors, in favor of clinical translation prospects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Kanellopoulos
- Molecular Radiopharmacy, INRASTES, NCSR “Demokritos”, 15341 Athens, Greece;
- Molecular Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, 70013 Crete, Greece
- Correspondence: (P.K.); (T.M.); Tel.: +30-210-650-3891 (P.K.); +30-210-650-3908 (T.M.)
| | - Berthold A. Nock
- Molecular Radiopharmacy, INRASTES, NCSR “Demokritos”, 15341 Athens, Greece;
| | - Eric P. Krenning
- Cyclotron Rotterdam BV, Erasmus MC, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Theodosia Maina
- Molecular Radiopharmacy, INRASTES, NCSR “Demokritos”, 15341 Athens, Greece;
- Correspondence: (P.K.); (T.M.); Tel.: +30-210-650-3891 (P.K.); +30-210-650-3908 (T.M.)
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13
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Abstract
Neurotensin is secreted from intestinal N cells in response to the food ingestion. Influences of different dietary protein levels on neurotensin-immunoreactive cells in the chicken ileum were examined by using immunohistochemical and morphometrical techniques. The results showed that dietary protein had an obvious influence on neurotensin-immunoreactive cells in the chicken ileum. Four experimental groups were used, with dietary crude protein (CP) levels of 18% (control), 9%, 4.5% and 0%. Enteroendocrine cells showing neurotensin-immunoreactivity were located in crypts and villous epithelium in all groups. Most of the neurotensin-immunoreactive cells in the villous epithelium showed pyramidal or spindle-like shape with a long cytoplasmic process reaching the intestinal lumen, but cells with round or oval shape were found in the CP4.5% and 0% groups. Frequencies of occurrence of neurotensin-immunoreactive cells in the CP18%, 9%, 4.5% and 0% groups were 42.4±3.3, 36.6±2.2, 30.8±2.6 and 25.4±3.8 (cell count per mucosal area: cells/mm2, mean±SD), respectively. There were significant differences in neurotensin-immunoreactive cell frequency between the control and lower CP level, 4.5% and 0%, groups. A significant correlation was found between frequency of occurrence of neurotensin-immunoreactive cells and daily protein intake. These results indicate that ingested protein is likely to be a potential signal for neurotensin production and secretion of N cells in the chicken ileum.
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Kanellopoulos P, Kaloudi A, de Jong M, Krenning EP, Nock BA, Maina T. Key-Protease Inhibition Regimens Promote Tumor Targeting of Neurotensin Radioligands. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12060528. [PMID: 32526874 PMCID: PMC7356968 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12060528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurotensin subtype 1 receptors (NTS1R) represent attractive molecular targets for directing radiolabeled neurotensin (NT) analogs to tumor lesions for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. This approach has been largely undermined by the rapid in vivo degradation of linear NT-based radioligands. Herein, we aim to increase the tumor targeting of three 99mTc-labeled NT analogs by the in-situ inhibition of two key proteases involved in their catabolism. DT1 ([N4-Gly7]NT(7-13)), DT5 ([N4-βAla7,Dab9]NT(7-13)), and DT6 ([N4-βAla7,Dab9,Tle12]]NT(7-13)) were labeled with 99mTc. Their profiles were investigated in NTS1R-positive colon adenocarcinoma WiDr cells and mice treated or not with the neprilysin (NEP)-inhibitor phosphoramidon (PA) and/or the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitor lisinopril (Lis). Structural modifications led to the partial stabilization of 99mTc-DT6 in peripheral mice blood (55.1 ± 3.9% intact), whereas 99mTc-DT1 and 99mTc-DT5 were totally degraded within 5 min. Coinjection of PA and/or Lis significantly stabilized all three analogs, leading to a remarkable enhancement of tumor uptake for 99mTc-DT1 and 99mTc-DT5, but was less effective in the case of poorly internalizing 99mTc-DT6. In conclusion, NEP and/or ACE inhibition represents a powerful tool to improve tumor targeting and the overall pharmacokinetics of NT-based radioligands, and warrants further validation in the field of NTS1R-targeted tumor imaging and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiotis Kanellopoulos
- Molecular Radiopharmacy, INRASTES, NCSR “Demokritos”, 15341 Athens, Greece; (P.K.); (A.K.); (B.A.N.)
- Molecular Pharmacology, School of Medicine, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Aikaterini Kaloudi
- Molecular Radiopharmacy, INRASTES, NCSR “Demokritos”, 15341 Athens, Greece; (P.K.); (A.K.); (B.A.N.)
| | - Marion de Jong
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine Erasmus MC, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Eric P. Krenning
- Cyclotron Rotterdam BV, Erasmus MC, 3015 CE Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Berthold A. Nock
- Molecular Radiopharmacy, INRASTES, NCSR “Demokritos”, 15341 Athens, Greece; (P.K.); (A.K.); (B.A.N.)
| | - Theodosia Maina
- Molecular Radiopharmacy, INRASTES, NCSR “Demokritos”, 15341 Athens, Greece; (P.K.); (A.K.); (B.A.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +30-210-650-3908
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15
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Nikolaou S, Qiu S, Fiorentino F, Simillis C, Rasheed S, Tekkis P, Kontovounisios C. The role of Neurotensin and its receptors in non-gastrointestinal cancers: a review. Cell Commun Signal 2020; 18:68. [PMID: 32336282 PMCID: PMC7183616 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-020-00569-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Neurotensin, originally isolated in 1973 has both endocrine and neuromodulator activity and acts through its three main receptors. Their role in promoting tumour cell proliferation, migration, DNA synthesis has been studied in a wide range of cancers. Expression of Neurotensin and its receptors has also been correlated to prognosis and prediction to treatment. Main body The effects of NT are mediated through mitogen-activated protein kinases, epidermal growth factor receptors and phosphatidylinositol-3 kinases amongst others. This review is a comprehensive summary of the molecular pathways by which Neurotensin and its receptors act in cancer cells. Conclusion Identifying the role of Neurotensin in the underlying molecular mechanisms in various cancers can give way to developing new agnostic drugs and personalizing treatment according to the genomic structure of various cancers. Video abstract
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Nikolaou
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK.,Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Campus, 369 Fulham Road, London, SW10 9NH, UK
| | - Shengyang Qiu
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Campus, 369 Fulham Road, London, SW10 9NH, UK
| | - Francesca Fiorentino
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Campus, 369 Fulham Road, London, SW10 9NH, UK
| | - Constantinos Simillis
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Shahnawaz Rasheed
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK.,Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Campus, 369 Fulham Road, London, SW10 9NH, UK
| | - Paris Tekkis
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.,Department of Colorectal Surgery, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK.,Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Campus, 369 Fulham Road, London, SW10 9NH, UK
| | - Christos Kontovounisios
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK. .,Department of Colorectal Surgery, Royal Marsden Hospital, London, UK. .,Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, Chelsea and Westminster Campus, 369 Fulham Road, London, SW10 9NH, UK.
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16
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Autonomic nerve dysfunction and impaired diabetic wound healing: The role of neuropeptides. Auton Neurosci 2019; 223:102610. [PMID: 31790954 DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2019.102610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Lower extremity ulcerations represent a major complication in diabetes mellitus and involve multiple physiological factors that lead to impairment of wound healing. Neuropeptides are neuromodulators implicated in various processes including diabetic wound healing. Diabetes causes autonomic and small sensory nerve fibers neuropathy as well as inflammatory dysregulation, which manifest with decreased neuropeptide expression and a disproportion in pro- and anti- inflammatory cytokine response. Therefore to fully understand the contribution of autonomic nerve dysfunction in diabetic wound healing it is crucial to explore the implication of neuropeptides. Here, we will discuss recent studies elucidating the role of specific neuropeptides in wound healing.
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17
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Moody TW, Lee L, Ramos-Alvarez I, Jensen RT. Neurotensin receptors regulate transactivation of the EGFR and HER2 in a reactive oxygen species-dependent manner. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 865:172735. [PMID: 31614143 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Neurotensin is a 13 amino acid peptide which is present in many lung cancer cell lines. Neurotensin binds with high affinity to the neurotensin receptor 1, and functions as an autocrine growth factor in lung cancer cells. Neurotensin increases tyrosine phosphorylation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and the neurotensin receptor 1 antagonist SR48692 blocks the transactivation of the EGFR. Here the effects of reactive oxygen species on the transactivation of the EGFR and HER2 were investigated. Using non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cell lines, neurotensin receptor 1 mRNA and protein were present. Using NCI-H838 cells, neurotensin or neurotensin8-13 but not neurotensin1-8 increased EGFR, ERK and HER2 tyrosine phosphorylation which was blocked by SR48692. Neurotensin addition to NCI-H838 cells increased significantly reactive oxygen species which was inhibited by SR48692, Tiron (superoxide scavenger) and diphenylene iodonium (DPI inhibits the ability of NADPH oxidase and dual oxidase enzymes to produce reactive oxygen species). Tiron or DPI impaired the ability of neurotensin to increase EGFR, ERK and HER2 tyrosine phosphorylation. Neurotensin stimulated NSCLC cellular proliferation whereas the growth was inhibited by SR48692, DPI or lapatinib (lapatinib is tyrosine kinase inhibitor of the EGFR and HER2). Lapatinib inhibited the ability of the neurotensin receptor 1 to transactivate the EGFR and HER2. The results indicate that neurotensin receptor 1 regulates the transactivation of the EGFR and HER2 in a reactive oxygen species-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry W Moody
- National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, Center for Cancer Research, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
| | - Lingaku Lee
- National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Disease, Digestive Diseases Branch, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Irene Ramos-Alvarez
- National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Disease, Digestive Diseases Branch, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Robert T Jensen
- National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney Disease, Digestive Diseases Branch, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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18
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Ge P, Wang W, Li L, Zhang G, Gao Z, Tang Z, Dang X, Wu Y. Profiles of immune cell infiltration and immune-related genes in the tumor microenvironment of colorectal cancer. Biomed Pharmacother 2019; 118:109228. [PMID: 31351430 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2019.109228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE tumor-infiltrating immune cells are highly relevant to the progression and prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC). The aim of this study is to explore the immune cells and immune-related gene expression in tumor microenvironment of CRC. METHODS CIBERSORT, a deconvolution algorithm, was used to analyze the infiltration of 22 immune cell types in the tumor microenvironment and immune-related gene expression in 404 CRC and 40 adjacent non-tumorous tissues. RESULTS a wide heterogeneity of immune cells among different paired tissues and in tumor stages was uncovered. M0 macrophages, M1 macrophages and CD4 memory activated T cells were infiltrated significantly more in CRC compared with normal tissues in both TCGA and GEO cohorts. CRC with T1-2 tumor stage showed increased CD4 memory activated T cells compared with T3-4 tumors. M0 macrophages were the highest in stage N1 tumors. Significant immune-related genes were identified to build prognostic models by Cox regression analysis. The concordance index of the prognostic model for TNM stage I-II was 0.69, and 0.71 for stage III-IV. The AUC values for 1-, 3-, and 5-year survivals were 0.674, 0.773, 0.812 for TNM stage I-II, respectively, and 0.764, 0.782, 0.803 for stage III-IV, respectively. CONCLUSION these results could assist clinicians in selecting targets for immunotherapies and individualize treatment strategies for patients with CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penglei Ge
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China.
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Gong Zhang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Zhiqiang Gao
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Zhe Tang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Xiaowei Dang
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China
| | - Yang Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No. 1 Jianshe East Road, Zhengzhou, Henan Province, China.
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Exploratory Analysis of Plasma Neurotensin as a Novel Biomarker for Early Detection of Colorectal Polyp and Cancer. Discov Oncol 2019; 10:128-135. [DOI: 10.1007/s12672-019-00364-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Liu J, Yan L, Yang W, Lan Y, Zhu Q, Xu H, Zheng C, Guo R. Controlled-release neurotensin-loaded silk fibroin dressings improve wound healing in diabetic rat model. Bioact Mater 2019; 4:151-159. [PMID: 30989151 PMCID: PMC6447858 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2019.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetic foot ulcers (DFU), which may lead to lower extremity amputation, is one of the severe and chronic complications of diabetic mellitus. This study aims to develop, and use dressings based on Silk fibroin (SF) as the scaffold material, gelatin microspheres (GMs) as the carrier for the neurotensin (NT), a neuropeptide that acts as an inflammatory modulator in wound healing and NT as accelerate wound healing drug to treat DFU. We evaluated the wound healing processes and neo-tissue formation in rat diabetic model by macroscopic observation, histological observation (H&E staining and Masson's trichrome staining) and immunofluorescence analysis at 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 post-operation days. Our results show that the NT/GMs/SF group performance the best not only in macroscopic healing and less scars in 28 post-operation days, but also in fibroblast accumulation in tissue granulation, collagen expression and deposition at the wound site. From release profiles, we can know the GMs are a good carrier for control release drugs. The SEM results shows that the NT/GMs/SF dressings have an average pore size are 40–80 μm and a porosity of ∼85%, this pore size is suit for wound healing regeneration. These results suggest that the NT/GMs/SF dressings may work as an effective support for control release NT to promote DFU wound healing. This study aims to develop, and use dressings based on Silk fibroin (SF) as the scaffold material, gelatin microspheres (GMs) as the carrier for the Neurotensin (NT), a neuropeptide that acts as an inflammatory modulator in wound healing and NT as accelerate wound healing drug to treat DFU. The NT/GMs/SF dressings stimulated fibroblast accumulation in tissue granulation, collagen expression and deposition at the wound site, which lead to the production of a more organized collagen matrix. This treatment effectively accelerating wound regeneration and re-epithelialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghui Liu
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Liwei Yan
- Department of Emergency, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Wei Yang
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technological Research Center for Drug Carrier Development, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yong Lan
- Beogene Biotech (Guangzhou) CO., LTD, Guangzhou, 510663, China
| | - Qiyu Zhu
- Beogene Biotech (Guangzhou) CO., LTD, Guangzhou, 510663, China
| | - Hongjie Xu
- Beogene Biotech (Guangzhou) CO., LTD, Guangzhou, 510663, China
| | - Canbin Zheng
- Department of Microsurgery and Orthopedic Trauma, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Rui Guo
- Key Laboratory of Biomaterials of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes, Guangdong Provincial Engineering and Technological Research Center for Drug Carrier Development, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
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Wu Z, Fournel L, Stadler N, Liu J, Boullier A, Hoyeau N, Fléjou JF, Duchatelle V, Djebrani-Oussedik N, Agopiantz M, Ségal-Bendirdjian E, Gompel A, Alifano M, Melander O, Trédaniel J, Forgez P. Modulation of lung cancer cell plasticity and heterogeneity with the restoration of cisplatin sensitivity by neurotensin antibody. Cancer Lett 2018; 444:147-161. [PMID: 30583074 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Revised: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Overall survival of patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has significantly improved with platinum-based salt treatments and recently with targeted therapies and immunotherapies. However, treatment failure occurs due to acquired or emerging tumor resistance. We developed a monoclonal antibody against the proform of neurotensin (LF-NTS mAb) that alters the homeostasis of tumors overexpressing NTSR1. Neurotensin is frequently overexpressed along with its high affinity receptor (NTSR1) in tumors from epithelial origins. This ligand/receptor complex contributes to the progression of many tumor types by activation of the cellular effects involved in tumor progression (proliferation, survival, migration, and invasion). We demonstrate that LF-NTS mAb operates on the plasticity of tumor cells overexpressing NTSR1 and lowers their aggressiveness. The mAb enables the restoration of platinum-based therapies responsiveness, while also decreasing metastatic processes. Efficacy dosage with long-term treatment showed no obvious adverse events, while demonstrating improvement in the performance status. Our data suggests that LF-NTS mAb is an ideal candidate to be safely added to the conventional standard of care in order to improve its efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zherui Wu
- INSERM UMRS 1007, Paris Descartes University, 75270, Paris Cedex 06, France
| | - Ludovic Fournel
- INSERM UMRS 1007, Paris Descartes University, 75270, Paris Cedex 06, France; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cochin Hospital of Paris, AP-HP, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France; Paris-Sud, Paris-Saclay University, Orsay, France
| | - Nicolas Stadler
- INSERM UMRS 1007, Paris Descartes University, 75270, Paris Cedex 06, France
| | - Jin Liu
- INSERM UMRS 1007, Paris Descartes University, 75270, Paris Cedex 06, France
| | - Agnès Boullier
- CBH Biochemistry Laboratory, CHU Amiens-Picardie, Amiens, France
| | - Nadia Hoyeau
- Department of Pathology, Saint-Antoine Hospital, AP-HP, UPMC, Paris, France
| | | | - Véronique Duchatelle
- Department of Pathology, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint Joseph, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | | | - Mikaël Agopiantz
- Department of Pathology, CHRU Nancy, University of Lorraine, Nancy, France
| | | | - Anne Gompel
- INSERM UMRS 1007, Paris Descartes University, 75270, Paris Cedex 06, France; Department of Gynecology Obstetrics II and Reproductive Medicine, Paris Descartes University, AP-HP, Paris, France
| | - Marco Alifano
- INSERM UMRS 1007, Paris Descartes University, 75270, Paris Cedex 06, France; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cochin Hospital of Paris, AP-HP, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Olle Melander
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, CRC, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jean Trédaniel
- INSERM UMRS 1007, Paris Descartes University, 75270, Paris Cedex 06, France; Unit of Thoracic Oncology, Groupe Hospitalier Paris Saint Joseph, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France.
| | - Patricia Forgez
- INSERM UMRS 1007, Paris Descartes University, 75270, Paris Cedex 06, France.
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Su ZJ, Liu XY, Zhang JH, Ke SY, Fei HJ. Neurotensin promotes cholangiocarcinoma metastasis via the EGFR/AKT pathway. Gene 2018; 687:143-150. [PMID: 30359740 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.10.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a fatal disease with increasing morbidity and poor prognosis due to poor response to conventional chemotherapy or radiotherapy. Neurotensin (NTS) has long been recognized as an important factor in the central nervous system and as an endocrine agent in the peripheral circulation via NTS receptor (NTSR) mediated actions. In recent years, NTS has been implicated in the carcinogenesis of numerous cancers; however, its role in cholangiocarcinoma remains obscure. Here, we observed the expression of NTS in cholangiocarcinoma vs. non-cancerous tissues and found that up-regulation of NTS facilitated cholangiocarcinoma cell metastasis and down-regulation of NTS inhibited their migration ability. Mechanistically, NTS drove cholangiocarcinoma cell metastasis via the EGFR/AKT pathway. Both the PI3-K inhibitor LY294002 or EGFR inhibitor Erlotinib stopped the discrepant metastatic capacity between NTS-depleted cholangiocarcinoma cells and control cells, further confirming that EGFR/AKT was required in NTS-promoted cholangiocarcinoma cell metastasis. More importantly, overexpression of NTS predicted poor prognosis of CCA patients. In summary, NTS could promote cholangiocarcinoma cells metastasis by amplifying EGFR/AKT signaling and may therefore be useful to predict patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Jian Su
- Department of Surgical Oncology, First Hospital of Quanzhou Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Liu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, First Hospital of Quanzhou Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, China
| | - Jian-Hua Zhang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, First Hospital of Quanzhou Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, China
| | - Shao-Ying Ke
- Department of Surgical Oncology, First Hospital of Quanzhou Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, China
| | - Hong-Jiang Fei
- Department of Surgical Oncology, First Hospital of Quanzhou Affiliated to Fujian Medical University, Quanzhou 362000, China.
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23
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Akter H, Yoon JH, Yoo YS, Kang MJ. Validation of Neurotensin Receptor 1 as a Therapeutic Target for Gastric Cancer. Mol Cells 2018; 41:591-602. [PMID: 29794962 PMCID: PMC6030244 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2018.0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is the fifth most common type of malignancy worldwide, and the survival rate of patients with advanced-stage gastric cancer is low, even after receiving chemotherapy. Here, we validated neurotensin receptor 1 (NTSR1) as a potential therapeutic target in gastric cancer. We compared NTSR1 expression levels in sixty different gastric cancer-tissue samples and cells, as well as in other cancer cells (lung, breast, pancreatic, and colon), by assessing NTSR1 expression via semi-quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, immunocytochemistry and western blot. Following neurotensin (NT) treatment, we analyzed the expression and activity of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and further determined the effects on cell migration and invasion via wound-healing and transwell assays. Our results revealed that NTSR1 mRNA levels were higher in gastric cancer tissues than non-cancerous tissues. Both of NTSR1 mRNA levels and expression were higher in gastric cancer cell lines relative to levels observed in other cancer-cell lines. Moreover, NT treatment induced MMP-9 expression and activity in all cancer cell lines, which was significantly decreased following treatment with the NTSR1 antagonist SR48692 or small-interfering RNA targeting NTSR1. Furthermore, NT-mediated metastases was confirmed by observing epithelial-mesenchymal transition markers SNAIL and E-cadherin in gastric cancer cells. NT-mediated invasion and migration of gastric cancer cells were reduced by NTSR1 depletion through the Erk signaling. These findings strongly suggested that NTR1 constitutes a potential therapeutic target for the inhibition of gastric cancer invasion and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hafeza Akter
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792,
Korea
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113,
Korea
| | - Jung Hwan Yoon
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul 06591,
Korea
| | - Young Sook Yoo
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792,
Korea
| | - Min-Jung Kang
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792,
Korea
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34113,
Korea
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24
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Korbecki J, Gutowska I, Kojder I, Jeżewski D, Goschorska M, Łukomska A, Lubkowska A, Chlubek D, Baranowska-Bosiacka I. New extracellular factors in glioblastoma multiforme development: neurotensin, growth differentiation factor-15, sphingosine-1-phosphate and cytomegalovirus infection. Oncotarget 2018; 9:7219-7270. [PMID: 29467963 PMCID: PMC5805549 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent years have seen considerable progress in understanding the biochemistry of cancer. For example, more significance is now assigned to the tumor microenvironment, especially with regard to intercellular signaling in the tumor niche which depends on many factors secreted by tumor cells. In addition, great progress has been made in understanding the influence of factors such as neurotensin, growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15), sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P), and infection with cytomegalovirus (CMV) on the 'hallmarks of cancer' in glioblastoma multiforme. Therefore, in the present work we describe the influence of these factors on the proliferation and apoptosis of neoplastic cells, cancer stem cells, angiogenesis, migration and invasion, and cancer immune evasion in a glioblastoma multiforme tumor. In particular, we discuss the effect of neurotensin, GDF-15, S1P (including the drug FTY720), and infection with CMV on tumor-associated macrophages (TAM), microglial cells, neutrophil and regulatory T cells (Treg), on the tumor microenvironment. In order to better understand the role of the aforementioned factors in tumoral processes, we outline the latest models of intratumoral heterogeneity in glioblastoma multiforme. Based on the most recent reports, we discuss the problems of multi-drug therapy in treating glioblastoma multiforme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Korbecki
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Bielsko-Biała, 43-309 Bielsko-Biała, Poland
| | - Izabela Gutowska
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Ireneusz Kojder
- Department of Applied Neurocognitivistics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland.,Department of Neurosurgery, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Dariusz Jeżewski
- Department of Applied Neurocognitivistics, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland.,Department of Neurosurgery, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-252 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Marta Goschorska
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Łukomska
- Department of Biochemistry and Human Nutrition, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-460 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Anna Lubkowska
- Department of Functional Diagnostics and Physical Medicine, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 71-210 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Dariusz Chlubek
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
| | - Irena Baranowska-Bosiacka
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, Pomeranian Medical University in Szczecin, 70-111 Szczecin, Poland
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25
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Auclair N, Melbouci L, St-Pierre D, Levy E. Gastrointestinal factors regulating lipid droplet formation in the intestine. Exp Cell Res 2018; 363:1-14. [PMID: 29305172 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cytoplasmic lipid droplets (CLD) are considered as neutral lipid reservoirs, which protect cells from lipotoxicity. It became clear that these fascinating dynamic organelles play a role not only in energy storage and metabolism, but also in cellular lipid and protein handling, inter-organelle communication, and signaling among diverse functions. Their dysregulation is associated with multiple disorders, including obesity, liver steatosis and cardiovascular diseases. The central aim of this review is to highlight the link between intra-enterocyte CLD dynamics and the formation of chylomicrons, the main intestinal dietary lipid vehicle, after overviewing the morphology, molecular composition, biogenesis and functions of CLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Auclair
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine and Department of Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3T 1C5; Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3T 1C5
| | - L Melbouci
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine and Department of Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3T 1C5; Department of Sciences and Physical Activities, UQAM, Quebec, Canada H2X 1Y4
| | - D St-Pierre
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine and Department of Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3T 1C5; Department of Sciences and Physical Activities, UQAM, Quebec, Canada H2X 1Y4
| | - E Levy
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine and Department of Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3T 1C5; Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3T 1C5; Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Université Laval, Quebec, Quebec, Canada G1V 0A6.
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26
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Kim JT, Napier DL, Weiss HL, Lee EY, Townsend CM, Evers BM. Neurotensin Receptor 3/Sortilin Contributes to Tumorigenesis of Neuroendocrine Tumors Through Augmentation of Cell Adhesion and Migration. Neoplasia 2017; 20:175-181. [PMID: 29272741 PMCID: PMC5884004 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2017.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurotensin (NTS), a 13–amino acid peptide which is distributed predominantly along gastrointestinal tract, has multiple physiologic and pathologic functions, and its effects are mediated by three distinct NTS receptors (NTSRs). Overexpression and activation of NTS signaling components, especially NTS and/or NTSR1, are closely linked with cancer progression and metastasis in various types of cancers including neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). Although deregulation of NTSR3/sortilin has been implicated in a variety of human diseases, the expression and role of NTSR3/sortilin in NETs have not been elucidated. In this study, we investigated the expression and oncogenic effect of NTSR3/sortilin in NETs. Increased protein levels of NTSR3/sortilin were noted in the majority of human clinical NETs (n = 21) by immunohistochemical analyses compared with normal tissues (n = 12). Expression of NTS and NTSR3/sortilin was also noted in all tested NET cell lines. In addition, small interfering RNA–mediated knockdown of NTSR3/sortilin decreased cell number without alteration of cell cycle progression and apoptosis induction in NET cell lines BON and QGP-1. Moreover, silencing of NTSR3/sortilin significantly suppressed cell adhesion and cell migration with inhibition of focal adhesion kinase and Src phosphorylation in the NET cells. Our results demonstrate increased expression of NTSR3/sortilin in NET patient tissues and a critical role of NTSR3/sortilin on NET cell adhesion and migration suggesting that NTSR3/sortilin contributes to NET tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Tae Kim
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Dana L Napier
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Heidi L Weiss
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY; Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Eun Y Lee
- Department of Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | | | - B Mark Evers
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY; Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY.
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27
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Expression of neurotensin receptor 1 in endometrial adenocarcinoma is correlated with histological grade and clinical outcome. Virchows Arch 2017; 471:521-530. [PMID: 28836043 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-017-2215-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 07/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The promalignant effects of neurotensin (NTS) are sustained in many solid tumors, including hormone-dependent cancers. As the endometrium is also subjected to hormonal regulation, we evaluated the contribution of NTS to endometrial carcinogenesis. Neurotensin receptor 1 (NTSR1) expression and NTSR1 promoter methylation (HM450) were analyzed in 385 cases of endometrial carcinoma from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Additionally, from a series of 100 endometrial carcinomas, and 66 benign endometrium samples, NTS and NTSR1 labeling was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. Using TCGA series, NTSR1 messenger RNA (mRNA) level was negatively correlated with overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) (p = 0.0012 and p = 0.0116, respectively), and positively correlated with the grade (p = 0.0008). When including only endometrioid carcinomas, NTSR1 mRNA level continued to be negatively correlated with OS (log-rank: p < 0.0001) and PFS (log-rank: p = 0.002). A higher NTSR1 mRNA level was significantly associated with a loss of NTSR1 promoter methylation. Immunohistochemical expression of NTS and NTSR1 was significantly increased in adenocarcinoma (n = 100), as compared to benign endometrium (p < 0.001). NTSR1 expression was positively correlated with grade (p = 0.004). High immunohistochemical expression of cytoplasmic NTSR1 was significantly correlated with a shorter OS and PFS (p < 0.001 and p = 0.001, respectively). This correlation remained significant when excluding non-endometrioid subtypes (p = 0.04 and p = 0.02, respectively). In multivariate analysis, the expression of NTSR1 was an independent prognostic factor (p = 0.004). NTSR1 overexpression is a poor prognostic factor in endometrial cancer, highlighting the contribution of NTS in endometrial cancer progression and its uses as a prognostic marker, and as a potential therapeutic target.
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28
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Cai S, Cai J, Jiang WG, Ye L. Kidins220 and tumour development: Insights into a complexity of cross-talk among signalling pathways (Review). Int J Mol Med 2017; 40:965-971. [PMID: 28849114 PMCID: PMC5593494 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2017.3093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanistic complexes of kinase D-interacting substrate of 220 kDa/ankyrin repeat-rich membrane spanning (Kidins220/ARMS) bind and integrate a variety of cellular cues to mediate neuronal activities such as neuronal differentiation, survival, and cytoskeleton remodelling by interacting with a variety of binding partners. Accumulated evidence has also indicated its role in the regulation of vascular development. Mice with Kidins220 knockdown phenotypically present with cardiovascular abnormalities. Kidins220 also contributes to immunomodulation in combination with B cells and T cells. Moreover, emerging evidence has revealed that this protein regulates many crucial cellular processes and thus has been implicated in an increasing number of malignancies. Here, we review recent advances in our understanding of Kidins220 and its role in cancer development. Further investigation is warranted to shed light on the role played by Kidins220 in the dynamic arrangement of the cytoskeleton and epithelial–mesenchymal transition, and its implication in tumourigenesis and cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuo Cai
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Jun Cai
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Wen G Jiang
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Lin Ye
- Cardiff China Medical Research Collaborative, Division of Cancer and Genetics, Cardiff University School of Medicine, Cardiff, CF14 4XN, UK
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29
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Besserer-Offroy É, Brouillette RL, Lavenus S, Froehlich U, Brumwell A, Murza A, Longpré JM, Marsault É, Grandbois M, Sarret P, Leduc R. The signaling signature of the neurotensin type 1 receptor with endogenous ligands. Eur J Pharmacol 2017; 805:1-13. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2017.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 03/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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30
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Kim JT, Weiss HL, Evers BM. Diverse expression patterns and tumorigenic role of neurotensin signaling components in colorectal cancer cells. Int J Oncol 2017; 50:2200-2206. [PMID: 28498396 PMCID: PMC5435327 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.3990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC), which is one of the most common malignancies worldwide, results from an accumulation of genetic and epigenetic modifications including DNA methylation. Neurotensin (NTS), a hormone localized to the gut and central nervous system, mediates its physiological and pathological effects, including growth stimulation for a variety of cancers, through three distinct NTS receptors (NTSRs). Most NTS functions are mediated through the high-affinity receptor NTSR1, and expression of NTSR1 is increased in many cancers including CRC. In this study, we investigated the expression profiles and cellular functions of the NTSRs, especially NTSR1, in CRC cells. We showed that expression levels for NTS and NTSR1 varied, that NTSR2 expression was not detectable and that NTSR3 was consistently expressed in all CRC cell lines examined. Treatment with the demethylating agent, 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine, augmented levels of NTSR1/2 in Caco2 and DLD1 cells, which have little or no transcripts for NTSR1/2 suggesting that DNA methylation suppresses NTSR1/2 expression. In addition, we demonstrated that knockdown of NTSR1 decreased cell growth and migration in HCT116 and HT29 cells. Finally, we showed that treatment with SR48692, an antagonist of NTSR1, also inhibited cell proliferation and migration in the CRC cells. Our findings identify promoter methylation as an important process regulating the differential expression or silencing of NTSR1/2 in CRC cells. Moreover, inhibition of NTSR1 repressed tumorigenic effects in CRC cells, suggesting that NTSR1 may be used as a therapeutic target for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Tae Kim
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Heidi L Weiss
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - B Mark Evers
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
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31
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Glucagon-like peptide-1 is co-localized with neurotensin in the chicken ileum. Cell Tissue Res 2017; 368:277-286. [PMID: 28108848 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-016-2561-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 and neurotensin (NT) are distributed throughout the chicken ileum. Here, we attempt to determine if GLP-1 and NT co-localize in the chicken ileum by using immunofluorescence, immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization techniques. Three types of enteroendocrine cells, GLP-1+/NT+, GLP-1+/NT- and GLP-1-/NT+ cells, were detected in the mucosal epithelium by the double immunofluorescence method. The ratio of GLP-1+/NT+ cells at the crypts in the distal ileum was significantly higher than that in the proximal ileum. The ratios of the three cell types were similar along the crypt-villous axis in the proximal ileum but the percentage of GLP-1+/NT+ cells significantly decreased at the middle part of villi relative to crypts and the bottom part of villi in the distal ileum. Enteroendocrine cells that were immunoreactive to both GLP-1 and NT peptides and showed both proglucagon and NT precursor mRNA signals were found in the crypts of the distal ileum but not in the villous epithelium. The results from performing an immunocytochemical method with colloidal gold indicated that the GLP-1 content within GLP-1+/NT+ cell secretory granules decreased stepwise from the crypt to the middle part of the villus but the NT content in these granules increased in this direction. These findings reveal that the cells producing both GLP-1 and NT are mainly localized in the crypts of the chicken ileum but these endocrine cells specialize in NT-producing cells at the villous epithelium of the distal ileum.
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32
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Zhang G, Wang K, Li XD, Zhang DL, Xu F. Discovery of novel antagonists of human neurotensin receptor 1 on the basis of ligand and protein structure. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 84:147-157. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2015] [Revised: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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33
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Differential expression and tumorigenic function of neurotensin receptor 1 in neuroendocrine tumor cells. Oncotarget 2016; 6:26960-70. [PMID: 26298774 PMCID: PMC4694966 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurotensin (NTS), localized predominantly to the small bowel, stimulates the growth of a variety of cancers, including neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), mainly through its interaction with the high-affinity NTS receptor 1 (NTSR1). Here, we observed increased expression of NTSR1 in almost all tested clinical NET samples, but not in normal tissues. Through RT-PCR analysis, we found that the expression of NTSR1 and NTSR2 was either variable (NTSR1) or absent (NTSR2) in human NET cell lines. In contrast, NTSR3 and NTS were expressed in all NET cells. Treatment with 5-aza-2′-deoxycytidine, a demethylating agent, increased levels of NTSR1 and NTSR2 suggesting that DNA methylation contributes to NTSR1/2 expression patterns, which was confirmed by methylation analyses. In addition, we found that knockdown of NTSR1 decreased proliferation, expression levels of growth-related proteins, and anchorage-independent growth of BON human carcinoid cells. Moreover, stable silencing of NTSR1 suppressed BON cell growth, adhesion, migration and invasion. Our results show that high expression of NTSR1 is found in clinical NETs and that promoter methylation is an important mechanism controlling the differential expression of NTSR1 and silencing of NTSR2 in NET cells. Furthermore, knockdown of NTSR1 in BON cells suppressed oncogenic functions suggesting that NTSR1 contributes to NET tumorigenesis.
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35
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Callegari CC, Cavalli IJ, Lima RS, Jucoski TS, Torresan C, Urban CA, Kuroda F, Anselmi KF, Cavalli LR, Ribeiro EM. Copy number and expression analysis of FOSL1, GSTP1, NTSR1, FADD and CCND1 genes in primary breast tumors with axillary lymph node metastasis. Cancer Genet 2016; 209:331-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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36
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Li J, Song J, Zaytseva YY, Liu Y, Rychahou P, Jiang K, Starr ME, Kim JT, Harris JW, Yiannikouris FB, Katz WS, Nilsson PM, Orho-Melander M, Chen J, Zhu H, Fahrenholz T, Higashi RM, Gao T, Morris AJ, Cassis LA, Fan TWM, Weiss HL, Dobner PR, Melander O, Jia J, Evers BM. An obligatory role for neurotensin in high-fat-diet-induced obesity. Nature 2016; 533:411-5. [PMID: 27193687 PMCID: PMC5484414 DOI: 10.1038/nature17662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and its associated comorbidities (for example, diabetes mellitus and hepatic steatosis) contribute to approximately 2.5 million deaths annually and are among the most prevalent and challenging conditions confronting the medical profession. Neurotensin (NT; also known as NTS), a 13-amino-acid peptide predominantly localized in specialized enteroendocrine cells of the small intestine and released by fat ingestion, facilitates fatty acid translocation in rat intestine, and stimulates the growth of various cancers. The effects of NT are mediated through three known NT receptors (NTR1, 2 and 3; also known as NTSR1, 2, and NTSR3, respectively). Increased fasting plasma levels of pro-NT (a stable NT precursor fragment produced in equimolar amounts relative to NT) are associated with increased risk of diabetes, cardiovascular disease and mortality; however, a role for NT as a causative factor in these diseases is unknown. Here we show that NT-deficient mice demonstrate significantly reduced intestinal fat absorption and are protected from obesity, hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance associated with high fat consumption. We further demonstrate that NT attenuates the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and stimulates fatty acid absorption in mice and in cultured intestinal cells, and that this occurs through a mechanism involving NTR1 and NTR3 (also known as sortilin). Consistent with the findings in mice, expression of NT in Drosophila midgut enteroendocrine cells results in increased lipid accumulation in the midgut, fat body, and oenocytes (specialized hepatocyte-like cells) and decreased AMPK activation. Remarkably, in humans, we show that both obese and insulin-resistant subjects have elevated plasma concentrations of pro-NT, and in longitudinal studies among non-obese subjects, high levels of pro-NT denote a doubling of the risk of developing obesity later in life. Our findings directly link NT with increased fat absorption and obesity and suggest that NT may provide a prognostic marker of future obesity and a potential target for prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
| | - Jun Song
- Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
| | - Yekaterina Y Zaytseva
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
| | - Yajuan Liu
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
| | - Piotr Rychahou
- Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
| | - Kai Jiang
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
| | - Marlene E Starr
- Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
| | - Ji Tae Kim
- Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
| | - Jennifer W Harris
- Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
| | - Frederique B Yiannikouris
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
| | - Wendy S Katz
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
| | - Peter M Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Marju Orho-Melander
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
- Center for Structural Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
| | - Haining Zhu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
- Center for Structural Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
| | - Timothy Fahrenholz
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
- Center for Environmental and Systems Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
| | - Richard M Higashi
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
- Center for Environmental and Systems Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
| | - Tianyan Gao
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
| | - Andrew J Morris
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Gill Heart Institute, University of Kentucky and Lexington Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
| | - Lisa A Cassis
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
| | - Teresa W-M Fan
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
- Center for Environmental and Systems Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
| | - Heidi L Weiss
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
| | - Paul R Dobner
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, USA
| | - Olle Melander
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö, 221 00 Lund, Sweden
- Department of Internal Medicine, Skåne University Hospital, Malmö, 205 02 Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jianhang Jia
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
| | - B Mark Evers
- Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536, USA
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Posovszky C, Wabitsch M. Regulation of appetite, satiation, and body weight by enteroendocrine cells. Part 1: characteristics of enteroendocrine cells and their capability of weight regulation. Horm Res Paediatr 2015; 83:1-10. [PMID: 25471008 DOI: 10.1159/000368898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The gastrointestinal tract is the gateway for food in our body. Food ingestion and the ensuing digestive processes depend on the composition and amount of ingested nutrients. This complex process of nutrient digestion and absorption is effectively regulated by the enteroendocrine system. Enteroendocrine cells (EECs) reside scattered throughout the intestinal epithelium. They express nutrient receptors that face the lumen and secrete peptide hormones in response to food. Besides regulating digestion, gastrointestinal endocrine cells are involved in the regulation of appetite and satiety. The first part of this review describes the anatomical and biological characteristics of EECs and discusses the capability of their hormones to influence appetite, satiety, and body weight. In the second part, we then discuss the therapeutic potential of EECs in the treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Posovszky
- University Outpatient Clinic for Pediatric Gastroenterology, and Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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Li J, Song J, Weiss HL, Weiss T, Townsend CM, Evers BM. Activation of AMPK Stimulates Neurotensin Secretion in Neuroendocrine Cells. Mol Endocrinol 2015; 30:26-36. [PMID: 26528831 DOI: 10.1210/me.2015-1094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a critical fuel-sensing enzyme, regulates the metabolic effects of various hormones. Neurotensin (NT) is a 13-amino acid peptide predominantly localized in enteroendocrine cells of the small bowel and released by fat ingestion. Increased fasting plasma levels of pro-NT (a stable NT precursor fragment produced in equimolar amounts relative to NT) are associated with an increased risk of diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and mortality; however, the mechanisms regulating NT release are not fully defined. We previously reported that inhibition of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) complex 1 (mTORC1) increases NT secretion and gene expression through activation of the MEK/ERK pathway. Here, we show that activation of AMPK increases NT secretion from endocrine cell lines (BON and QGP-1) and isolated mouse crypt cells enriched for NT-positive cells. In addition, plasma levels of NT increase in mice treated with 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside, a pharmacologic AMPK activator. Small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of AMPKα decrease, whereas overexpression of the subunit significantly enhances, NT secretion from BON cells treated with AMPK activators or oleic acid. Similarly, small interfering RNA knockdown of the upstream AMPK kinases, liver kinase B1 and Ca(2+) calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase 2, also attenuate NT release and AMPK phosphorylation. Moreover, AMPK activation increases NT secretion through inhibition of mTORC1 signaling. Together, our findings show that AMPK activation enhances NT release through inhibition of mTORC1 signaling, thus demonstrating an important cross talk regulation for NT secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Surgery (J.L., J.S., B.M.E.) and Lucille P. Markey Cancer Center (J.L., J.S., H.L.W., T.W., B.M.E.), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536; and Department of Surgery (C.M.T.), The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555
| | - Jun Song
- Department of Surgery (J.L., J.S., B.M.E.) and Lucille P. Markey Cancer Center (J.L., J.S., H.L.W., T.W., B.M.E.), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536; and Department of Surgery (C.M.T.), The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555
| | - Heidi L Weiss
- Department of Surgery (J.L., J.S., B.M.E.) and Lucille P. Markey Cancer Center (J.L., J.S., H.L.W., T.W., B.M.E.), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536; and Department of Surgery (C.M.T.), The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555
| | - Todd Weiss
- Department of Surgery (J.L., J.S., B.M.E.) and Lucille P. Markey Cancer Center (J.L., J.S., H.L.W., T.W., B.M.E.), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536; and Department of Surgery (C.M.T.), The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555
| | - Courtney M Townsend
- Department of Surgery (J.L., J.S., B.M.E.) and Lucille P. Markey Cancer Center (J.L., J.S., H.L.W., T.W., B.M.E.), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536; and Department of Surgery (C.M.T.), The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555
| | - B Mark Evers
- Department of Surgery (J.L., J.S., B.M.E.) and Lucille P. Markey Cancer Center (J.L., J.S., H.L.W., T.W., B.M.E.), University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40536; and Department of Surgery (C.M.T.), The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555
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Körner M, Waser B, Strobel O, Büchler M, Reubi JC. Neurotensin receptors in pancreatic ductal carcinomas. EJNMMI Res 2015; 5:17. [PMID: 25859423 PMCID: PMC4388205 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-015-0094-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The frequent expression of neurotensin receptors (NT-R) in primaries of pancreatic ductal carcinomas has triggered the development of radioactive neurotensin analogs for possible in vivo targeting of these tumors. However, the complete lack of information regarding NT-R in liver metastases of pancreatic cancer and pancreatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PanIN) makes an in vitro study of NT-R in these tissues indispensable. METHODS Using in vitro receptor autoradiography with (125)I-[Tyr(3)]-neurotensin, NT-R were investigated in 18 primaries and 23 liver metastases of pancreatic ductal carcinomas as well as in 19 PanIN lesions. RESULTS We report here that 13 of 18 ductal carcinoma primaries and 14 of 23 liver metastases expressed NT-R. Moreover, none of the six PanIN 1B cases expressed NT-R, while two of six PanIN 2 and five of seven PanIN 3 expressed NT-R. Binding was fully displaced by the type 1 NT-R-selective antagonist SR48692, indicating that the NT-R in the tumors are of the type 1 NT-R subtype. CONCLUSIONS These in vitro data extend the currently available information on NT-R in invasive and non-invasive pancreatic ductal tumors. They suggest that type 1 NT-R may be a novel, specific marker of PanIN of higher degree. The high expression of NT-R in primaries and metastases of invasive cancer strongly support the need to develop radioactive neurotensin analogs for the diagnosis and therapy of this tumor type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meike Körner
- Cell Biology and Experimental Cancer Research, Institute of Pathology, University of Berne, PO Box 62, Murtenstrasse 31, CH-3010 Berne, Switzerland
| | - Beatrice Waser
- Cell Biology and Experimental Cancer Research, Institute of Pathology, University of Berne, PO Box 62, Murtenstrasse 31, CH-3010 Berne, Switzerland
| | - Oliver Strobel
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Markus Büchler
- Department of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jean Claude Reubi
- Cell Biology and Experimental Cancer Research, Institute of Pathology, University of Berne, PO Box 62, Murtenstrasse 31, CH-3010 Berne, Switzerland
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Kim JT, Liu C, Zaytseva YY, Weiss HL, Townsend CM, Evers BM. Neurotensin, a novel target of Wnt/β-catenin pathway, promotes growth of neuroendocrine tumor cells. Int J Cancer 2015; 136:1475-81. [PMID: 25098665 PMCID: PMC4289421 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Revised: 07/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Wnt/β-catenin signaling plays a pivotal role in regulating cell growth and differentiation by activation of the β-catenin/T-cell factor (TCF) complex and subsequent regulation of a set of target genes that have one or more TCF-binding elements (TBEs). Hyperactivation of this pathway has been implicated in numerous malignancies including human neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). Neurotensin (NT), an intestinal hormone, induces proliferation of several gastrointestinal (GI) cancers including cancers of the pancreas and colon. Here, we analyzed the human NT promoter in silico and found at least four consensus TBEs within the proximal promoter region. Using a combination of ChIP and luciferase reporter assays, we identified one TBE (located ∼900 bp proximal from the transcription start site) that was immunoprecipitated efficiently by TCF4-targeting antibody; mutation of this site attenuated the responsiveness to β-catenin. We also confirmed that the promoter activity and the mRNA and protein expression levels of NT were increased by various Wnt pathway activators and decreased by Wnt inhibitors in NET cell lines BON and QGP-1, which express and secrete NT. Similarly, the intracellular content and secretion of NT were induced by Wnt3a in these cells. Finally, inhibition of NT signaling suppressed cell proliferation and anchorage-independent growth and decreased expression levels of growth-related proteins in NET cells. Our results indicate that NT is a direct target of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and may be a mediator for NET cell growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Tae Kim
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | - Chunming Liu
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | | | - Heidi L. Weiss
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
| | | | - B. Mark Evers
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
- Department of Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY
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Changes in Caco-2 cells transcriptome profiles upon exposure to gold nanoparticles. Toxicol Lett 2015; 233:187-99. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Ouyang Q, Gong X, Xiao H, Zhou J, Xu M, Dai Y, Xu L, Feng H, Cui H, Yi L. Neurotensin promotes the progression of malignant glioma through NTSR1 and impacts the prognosis of glioma patients. Mol Cancer 2015; 14:21. [PMID: 25644759 PMCID: PMC4351837 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-015-0290-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The poor prognosis and minimally successful treatments of malignant glioma indicate a challenge to identify new therapeutic targets which impact glioma progression. Neurotensin (NTS) and its high affinity receptor (NTSR1) overexpression induces neoplastic growth and predicts the poor prognosis in various malignancies. Whether NTS can promote the glioma progression and its prognostic significance for glioma patients remains unclear. Methods NTS precursor (ProNTS), NTS and NTSR1 expression levels in glioma were detected by immunobloting Elisa and immunohistochemistry assay. The prognostic analysis was conducted from internet by R2 microarray platform. Glioma cell proliferation was evaluated by CCK8 and BrdU incorporation assay. Wound healing model and Matrigel transwell assay were utilized to test cellular migration and invasion. The orthotopic glioma implantations were established to analyze the role of NTS and NTSR1 in glioma progression in vivo. Results Positive correlations were shown between the expression levels of NTS and NTSR1 with the pathological grade of gliomas. The high expression levels of NTS and NTSR1 indicate a worse prognosis in glioma patients. The proliferation and invasiveness of glioma cells could be enhanced by NTS stimulation and impaired by the inhibition of NTSR1. NTS stimulated Erk1/2 phosphorylation in glioma cells, which could be reversed by SR48692 or NTSR1-siRNA. In vivo experiments showed that SR48692 significantly prolonged the survival length of glioma-bearing mice and inhibited glioma cell invasiveness. Conclusion NTS promotes the proliferation and invasion of glioma via the activation of NTSR1. High expression levels of NTS and NTSR1 predict a poor prognosis in glioma patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12943-015-0290-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Ouyang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China. .,State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Xueyang Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Hualiang Xiao
- Department of Pathology, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Ji Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Minhui Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Yun Dai
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
| | - Lunshan Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Hua Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Hongjuan Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, Institute of Sericulture and Systems Biology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Liang Yi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Daping Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Ye Y, Liu P, Wang Y, Li H, Wei F, Cheng Y, Han L, Yu J. Neurotensin, a Novel Messenger to Cross-Link Inflammation and Tumor Invasion via Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition Pathway. Int Rev Immunol 2014; 35:340-350. [PMID: 25215420 DOI: 10.3109/08830185.2014.952412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Multiple cytokines and growth factors are critical for the prognosis of cancer which has been regarded as a worldwide health problem. Recently, neuropeptides, soluble factors regulating a series of functions in the central nervous system, have also been demonstrated to stimulate the proliferation and migration of tumor cells. Among these signaling peptides, the role of neurotensin (NTS) on malignancy procession has become a hot topic. The effects of NTS on tumor growth and its antiapoptosis role have already been identified. Subsequently, studies demonstrated the impact of NTS on the migration and invasion, but the molecular mechanisms involved are still unclear at present. Recently, some reports indicated that NTS could induce expression and secretion of interleukin-8 (IL-8) to promote local imflammatory response which might participate in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related tumor migration. In present review, we highlight the process of tumor EMT induced by NTS through stimulating IL-8 and the significance of NTS/IL-8 pathway in clinical application prospect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingnan Ye
- a Department of Immunology , Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Caner, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy , Tianjin , P. R. China
| | - Pengpeng Liu
- b Cancer Molecular Diagnostic Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Caner, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy , Tianjin , P. R. China
| | - Yue Wang
- a Department of Immunology , Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Caner, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy , Tianjin , P. R. China
| | - Hui Li
- a Department of Immunology , Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Caner, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy , Tianjin , P. R. China
| | - Feng Wei
- a Department of Immunology , Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Caner, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy , Tianjin , P. R. China
| | - Yanan Cheng
- b Cancer Molecular Diagnostic Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Caner, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy , Tianjin , P. R. China
| | - Lei Han
- b Cancer Molecular Diagnostic Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Caner, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy , Tianjin , P. R. China
| | - Jinpu Yu
- a Department of Immunology , Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Caner, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy , Tianjin , P. R. China.,b Cancer Molecular Diagnostic Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Caner, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy , Tianjin , P. R. China.,c Biotherapy Center, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute & Hospital, National Clinical Research Center of Caner, Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunology and Biotherapy , Tianjin , P. R. China
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Najimi M, Sarrieau A, Kopp N, Chigr F. Developmental dynamics of neurotensin binding sites in the human hypothalamus during the first postnatal year. Front Cell Neurosci 2014; 8:251. [PMID: 25309316 PMCID: PMC4160091 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2014.00251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine a detailed mapping of neurotensin (NT) in the human hypothalamus, during the first postnatal year using an in vitro quantitative autoradiography technique and the selective radioligand monoiodo-Tyr3-NT. Ten human postmortem hypothalami obtained from control neonates and infants (aged from 2 h to 1 year of postnatal age) were used. The biochemical kinetics of the binding in all obtained in this study revealed that the binding affinity constants were of high affinity (in the nanomolar range) and did not differ significantly between all cases investigated. Furthermore, competition experiments show insensitivity to levocabastine and were in favor of the presence of the high affinity site of NT receptor. Autoradiographic distribution showed that NT binding sites were widely distributed throughout the rostrocaudal extent of the hypothalamus. However, the distribution of NT binding sites was not homogenous and regional variations exist. In general, the highest densities were mainly present in the anterior hypothalamic level, particularly in the preoptic area. High NT binding site densities are also present at the mediobasal hypothalamic level, particularly in the paraventricular, parafornical, and dorsomedial nuclei. At the posterior level, low to very low densities could be observed in all the mammillary complex subdivisions, as well as the posterior hypothalamic area. Although this topographical distribution is almost identical during the postnatal period analyzed, age-related variations exist in discrete structures of the hypothalamus. The densities were higher in neonates/less aged infants than older infants in preoptic area (medial and lateral parts). The developmental profile is characterized by a progressive decrease from the neonate period to 1 year of postnatal age with a tendency to reach adult levels. On the other hand, the low levels of NT binding sites observed in posterior hypothalamus did not vary during the first postnatal year. They contrast in that with the very high levels we reported previously in adult. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates the occurrence of high NT binding sites density in various structures in many regions in the human neonate/infant hypothalamus, involved in the control of neuroendocrine and/or neurovegetative functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Najimi
- Biological Engineering Laboratory, Life Sciences, Sultan Moulay Slimane University Beni-Mellal, Morocco
| | - Alain Sarrieau
- Unité de Formation et de Recherche de Biologie, Université de Bordeaux 1, Talence France
| | | | - Fatiha Chigr
- Biological Engineering Laboratory, Life Sciences, Sultan Moulay Slimane University Beni-Mellal, Morocco
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Morgat C, Mishra AK, Varshney R, Allard M, Fernandez P, Hindié E. Targeting neuropeptide receptors for cancer imaging and therapy: perspectives with bombesin, neurotensin, and neuropeptide-Y receptors. J Nucl Med 2014; 55:1650-7. [PMID: 25189338 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.114.142000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Receptors for some regulatory peptides are highly expressed in tumors. Selective radiolabeled peptides can bind with high affinity and specificity to these receptors and exhibit favorable pharmacologic and pharmacokinetic properties, making them suitable agents for imaging or targeted therapy. The success encountered with radiolabeled somatostatin analogs is probably the first of a long list, as multiple peptide receptors are now recognized as potential targets. This review focuses on 3 neuropeptide receptor systems (bombesin, neurotensin, and neuropeptide-Y) that offer high potential in the field of nuclear oncology. The underlying biology of these peptide/receptor systems, their physiologic and pathologic roles, and their differential distribution in normal and tumoral tissues are described with emphasis on breast, prostate, and lung cancers. Radiolabeled analogs that selectively target these receptors are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clément Morgat
- CHU de Bordeaux, Service de Médecine Nucléaire, Bordeaux, France University of Bordeaux, INCIA, UMR 5287, Talence, France CNRS, INCIA, UMR 5287, Talence, France
| | - Anil Kumar Mishra
- University of Bordeaux, INCIA, UMR 5287, Talence, France CNRS, INCIA, UMR 5287, Talence, France Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, DRDO, New Delhi, India; and
| | - Raunak Varshney
- Division of Cyclotron and Radiopharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Allied Sciences, DRDO, New Delhi, India; and
| | - Michèle Allard
- CHU de Bordeaux, Service de Médecine Nucléaire, Bordeaux, France University of Bordeaux, INCIA, UMR 5287, Talence, France EPHE, Bordeaux, France
| | - Philippe Fernandez
- CHU de Bordeaux, Service de Médecine Nucléaire, Bordeaux, France University of Bordeaux, INCIA, UMR 5287, Talence, France CNRS, INCIA, UMR 5287, Talence, France
| | - Elif Hindié
- CHU de Bordeaux, Service de Médecine Nucléaire, Bordeaux, France University of Bordeaux, INCIA, UMR 5287, Talence, France CNRS, INCIA, UMR 5287, Talence, France
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Guo Z, Du S, Chen B, Sha Y, Qiu B, Jiang X, Wang S, Li X. A sandwich-type label-free electrochemiluminescence immunosensor for neurotensin based on sombrero model with graphene-hyaluronate-luminol composite. Electrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2014.05.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Melander O, Belting M, Manjer J, Maisel AS, Hedblad B, Engström G, Nilsson P, Struck J, Hartmann O, Bergmann A, Orho-Melander M. Validation of plasma proneurotensin as a novel biomarker for the prediction of incident breast cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2014; 23:1672-6. [PMID: 24925674 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-13-1200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High fasting plasma proneurotensin concentration was associated with the development of breast cancer in the Malmö Diet and Cancer Study (MDCS). Here, we aimed at replicating the initial finding in an independent second cohort. METHODS The Malmö Preventive Project (MPP) is a population study and comprised 18,240 subjects when examined in 2002-2006. Of women without history of breast cancer at examination, we included all who developed breast cancer during follow-up (n = 130) until December 31, 2010, and a random sample of women without breast cancer until the end of follow-up (n = 1,439) for baseline plasma proneurotensin assessment (mean age, 70.0 ± 4.4 years). Proneurotensin was measured in fasting plasma samples and was related to the risk of later breast cancer development using multivariate logistic regression. RESULTS Proneurotensin [odds ratio (OR) per standard deviation (SD) increment of LN-transformed proneurotensin] was significantly related to incident breast cancer [OR, 2.09; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.79-2.44; P < 0.001; adjusted for age, body mass index (BMI), smoking, and hormone replacement therapy]. The effect estimate in the MPP was larger than in the discovery cohort (MDCS), with the main difference between the two cohorts being that women of the MPP study were on the average about 10 years older and follow-up time was shorter than that of the MDCS. CONCLUSION As initially found in the MDCS, fasting plasma proneurotensin was significantly associated with the development of breast cancer in the MPP study as well. IMPACT Measurement of plasma proneurotensin warrants further investigation as a blood-based marker for early breast cancer detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olle Melander
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö; Center of Emergency Medicine, Departments of
| | - Mattias Belting
- Section of Oncology, Lund University, Lund; Oncology, Skane University Hospital, Lund and Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jonas Manjer
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö; Surgery and
| | - Alan S Maisel
- Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare Systems, San Diego, California
| | - Bo Hedblad
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö; Center of Emergency Medicine, Departments of
| | | | - Peter Nilsson
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö; Center of Emergency Medicine, Departments of
| | | | | | - Andreas Bergmann
- Sphingotec GmbH, Hennigsdorf; and Waltraut Bergmann Foundation, Hohen Neuendorf, Germany
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SR48692 inhibits non-small cell lung cancer proliferation in an EGF receptor-dependent manner. Life Sci 2014; 100:25-34. [PMID: 24496038 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2014.01.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The mechanism by which SR48692 inhibits non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) proliferation was investigated. MAIN METHODS The ability of SR48692 to inhibit the proliferation of NSCLC cell lines NCI-H1299 and A549 was investigated in vitro in the presence or absence of neurotensin (NTS). The ability of NTS to cause epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) transactivation was investigated by Western blot using NSCLC cells and various inhibitors. The growth effects and Western blot results were determined in cell lines treated with siRNA for NTSR1. KEY FINDINGS Treatment of A549 or NCI-H1299 cells with siRNA for NTSR1 reduced significantly NTSR1 protein and the ability of SR48692 to inhibit the proliferation of A549 or NCI-H1299 NSCLC cells. Treatment of A549 and NCI-H1299 cells with siRNA for NTSR1 reduced the ability of NTS to cause epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) transactivation. SR48692 or gefitinib (EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor) inhibited the ability of NTS to cause EGFR and ERK tyrosine phosphorylation. NTS transactivation of the EGFR was inhibited by GM6001 (matrix metalloprotease inhibitor), Tiron (superoxide scavenger) or U73122 (phospholipase C inhibitor) but not H89 (PKA inhibitor). NTS stimulates whereas SR48692 or gefitinib inhibits the clonal growth of NSCLC cells. SIGNIFICANCE These results suggest that SR48692 may inhibit NSCLC proliferation in an EGFR-dependent mechanism.
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Morgat C, Hindié E, Mishra AK, Allard M, Fernandez P. Gallium-68: chemistry and radiolabeled peptides exploring different oncogenic pathways. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2013; 28:85-97. [PMID: 23461410 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2012.1244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract Early and specific tumor detection and also therapy selection and response evaluation are some challenges of personalized medicine. This calls for high sensitive and specific molecular imaging such as positron emission tomography (PET). The use of peptides for PET molecular imaging has undeniable advantages: possibility of targeting through peptide-receptor interaction, small size and low-molecular weight conferring good penetration in the tissue or at cellular level, low toxicity, no antigenicity, and possibility of wide choice for radiolabeling. Among β(+)-emitter radioelements, Gallium-68 is a very attractive positron-emitter compared with carbon-11 or fluorine-18 taking into account its easy production via a (68)Ge/(68)Ga generator and well established radiochemistry. Gallium-68 chemistry is based on well-defined coordination complexes with macrocycle or chelates having strong binding properties, particularly suitable for linking peptides that allow resistance to in vivo transchelation of the metal ion. Understanding specific and nonspecific molecular mechanisms involved in oncogenesis is one major key to develop new molecular imaging tools. The present review focuses on peptide signaling involved in different oncogenic pathways. This peptide signalization might be common for tumoral and non-tumoral processes or could be specific of an oncological process. This review describes gallium chemistry and different (68)Ga-radiolabeled peptides already in use or under development aiming at developing molecular PET imaging of different oncological processes.
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Palacios DA, Miyake M, Rosser CJ. Radiosensitization in prostate cancer: mechanisms and targets. BMC Urol 2013; 13:4. [PMID: 23351141 PMCID: PMC3583813 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2490-13-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second most commonly diagnosed cancer in American men over the age of 45 years and is the third most common cause of cancer related deaths in American men. In 2012 it is estimated that 241,740 men will be diagnosed with prostate cancer and 28,170 men will succumb to prostate cancer. Currently, radiation therapy is one of the most common definitive treatment options for localized prostate cancer. However, significant number of patients undergoing radiation therapy will develop locally persistent/recurrent tumours. The varying response rates to radiation may be due to 1) tumor microenvironment, 2) tumor stage/grade, 3) modality used to deliver radiation, and 4) dose of radiation. Higher doses of radiation has not always proved to be effective and have been associated with increased morbidity. Compounds designed to enhance the killing effects of radiation, radiosensitizers, have been extensively investigated over the past decade. The development of radiosensitizing agents could improve survival, improve quality of life and reduce costs, thus benefiting both patients and healthcare systems. Herin, we shall review the role and mechanisms of various agents that can sensitize tumours, specifically prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego A Palacios
- Section of Urologic Oncology, MD Anderson Cancer Center Orlando, Orlando, FL 32806, USA
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