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Lalonde R. Anxiolytic-like effects of milk proteins. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2024; 240:173789. [PMID: 38735399 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2024.173789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2024] [Revised: 04/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Milk varieties and specific proteins exhibit anxiolytic-like actions in mice and rats exposed to several tests, the most prominent being the elevated plus-maze. Administrations of αs1-casein, its 91-100 (α-casozepine), 91-97, 91-93, and 91-92 fragments, the 60-69 fragment of β-casein, lactoferrin, β-lactotensin, wheylin-1, wheylin-2, and α-lactalbumin have been reported to increase open arm exploration relative to enclosed arm exploration. Anxiolytic-like actions have also been described for 91-93 and 91-92 fragments of αs1-casein, wheylin-1, α-lactalbumin, and lactoferrin in the open-field. Some effects appear to be mediated by the GABAA receptor complex, since antagonists mitigated the anxiolytic-like actions of αs1-casein, the 91-92 fragment of αs1-casein, and wheylin-1. Other neurotransmitters purported to affect such behaviors include 5HT, dopamine, and neurotensin. Further research is needed to identify their neuropharmacological actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Lalonde
- Université de Lorraine, Laboratoire Stress, Immunité, Pathogènes (UR SIMPA), Campus Santé, Bât A/B, 9, avenue de la Forêt de Haye, 54500 Vandœuvre-les-Nancy, France.
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2
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da Silva JF, Morais ATDB, Santos WG, M. Ahrné L, Cardoso DR. UV-C light promotes the reductive cleavage of disulfide bonds in β-Lactoglobulin and improves in vitro gastric digestion. Food Res Int 2023; 168:112729. [PMID: 37120195 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.112729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
β-Lactoglobulin (β-Lg) is the main protein in whey and is known for its allergenicity and resistance to the digestion of pepsin and trypsin. The UV-C photoinduced cleavage of disulfide bonds in β-Lactoglobulin, as promoted by excitation of tryptophan residues (Trp), is shown to induce changes in the protein's secondary structure, significantly reducing the protein's resistance to pepsin digestion. The UV-C light-induced changes in the protein secondary structure are marked by an increase in the contribution of β-sheet and α-helix structures with a concomitantly smaller contribution of the β-turn structural motif. The photoinduced cleavage of disulfide bonds in β-Lg has an apparent quantum yield of ф = 0.0015 ± 0.0003 and was shown by transient absorption laser flash photolysis to arise by two different pathways: a) the reduction of the disulfide bond Cys66Cys160 occurs by direct electron transfer from the triplet-excited 3Trp to the disulfide bond due to the existence of a CysCys/Trp triad (Cys66Cys160/Trp61) and b) the reduction of the buried Cys106Cys119 disulfide bond involves a reaction with a solvated electron originated by the photoejection of electrons from the triplet-excited 3Trp decay. The in vitro gastric digestion index for UV-C-treated β-Lg is revealed to have increased significantly by 36 ± 4 % and 9 ± 2 % under simulated elderly and young adult digestive conditions, respectively. When compared to the native protein, the peptide mass fingerprint profile of digested UV-C-treated β-Lg shows a higher content and variety of peptides, including the production of some exclusive bioactive peptides such as PMHIRL and EKFDKALKALPMH.
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High voltage electrical treatments can eco-efficiently promote the production of high added value peptides during chymotryptic hydrolysis of β-lactoglobulin. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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4
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Hafeez Z, Benoit S, Cakir-Kiefer C, Dary A, Miclo L. Food protein-derived anxiolytic peptides: their potential role in anxiety management. Food Funct 2021; 12:1415-1431. [DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02432e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Could bioactive peptides from food proteins be used as prophylactic in the management of anxiety disorders?
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simon Benoit
- Université de Lorraine
- CALBINOTOX
- F-54000 Nancy
- France
| | | | - Annie Dary
- Université de Lorraine
- CALBINOTOX
- F-54000 Nancy
- France
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Umezu K, Yajima R, Hiradate Y, Yanai R, Numabe T, Hara K, Oikawa T, Tanemura K. Improvement in blastocyst quality by neurotensin signaling via its receptors in bovine spermatozoa during in vitro fertilization. J Reprod Dev 2019; 65:147-153. [PMID: 30662011 PMCID: PMC6473113 DOI: 10.1262/jrd.2018-147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we reported that neurotensin (NT), which is expressed in the uterus and oviduct, enhanced bovine sperm capacitation and acrosome reactions. As NT mRNA expression in bovine
oviducts increases dramatically in the follicular phase, we hypothesized that NT modulates fertilization and subsequent conception in cattle. The objective of this study was to evaluate the
effect of NT on embryo development and blastocyst quality. The rate of embryo cleavage was significantly increased by the addition of NT to the fertilization medium. Furthermore, the total
number of cells and numbers of cells in the inner cell mass of blastocysts were significantly increased by NT during in vitro fertilization (IVF). These results suggested
that NT enhanced the efficiency of early bovine embryo development and blastocyst quality. The expression of NT receptors (NTRs) in sperm, testes, oocytes, and cumulus cells was evaluated to
determine whether NT acted via NTRs in sperm alone or in both male and female reproductive cells during IVF. Immunocytochemistry and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction revealed
that NTR1 and NTR2 were expressed in sperm and testes, but not in oocytes and cumulus cells. We propose that NT selectively acts upon sperm via NTR1 and NTR2 during IVF to improve the
cleavage rate and quality of blastocysts, which are important determinants of sperm quality for successful conception. This research supports our hypothesis that NT acts as a key modulator
of fertilization and conception in cattle. Further studies are necessary to apply our findings to the industrial framework of bovine reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Umezu
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Development, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Miyagi 980-0845, Japan
| | - Risa Yajima
- Miyagi Prefectural Livestock Experiment Station, Miyagi 989-6445, Japan
| | - Yuuki Hiradate
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Development, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Miyagi 980-0845, Japan
| | - Rin Yanai
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Development, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Miyagi 980-0845, Japan
| | - Takashi Numabe
- Miyagi Agricultural Development Corporation, Miyagi 981-0914, Japan
| | - Kenshiro Hara
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Development, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Miyagi 980-0845, Japan
| | - Toshinori Oikawa
- Miyagi Prefectural Livestock Experiment Station, Miyagi 989-6445, Japan
| | - Kentaro Tanemura
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction and Development, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Miyagi 980-0845, Japan
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6
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Carey LM, Rice RJ, Prus AJ. The Neurotensin NTS 1 Receptor Agonist PD149163 Produces Antidepressant-Like Effects in the Forced Swim Test: Further Support for Neurotensin as a Novel Pharmacologic Strategy for Antidepressant Drugs. Drug Dev Res 2017; 78:196-202. [PMID: 28736839 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Preclinical Research Neurotensin is a nonbrain penetrant neuropeptide neurotransmitter that alters dopaminergic and serotonergic neurotransmission. Previous animal behavioral studies have demonstrated that intra-ventral tegmental administration of neurotensin and system administration of the selective neurotensin NTS1 receptor agonist, PD149163 produce antidepressant-like effects in a forced swim test and a differential reinforcement of low rate task, respectively. The present study sought to expand upon these past findings by assessing systemic administration of PD149163 in a forced swim test, a primary antidepressant preclinical screening model, in mice. The tricyclic antidepressant drug imipramine was tested for comparison, and both compounds were also assessed in an open field test. Both PD149163 and imipramine reduced time spent immobile, an antidepressant-like effect, in the forced swim test. The highest dose of each compound significantly reduced locomotor activity. These findings provide further evidence for the putative antidepressant effects for PD149163 and suggest that NTS1 receptor activation may be a novel pharmacologic strategy for antidepressant drug development. Drug Dev Res 78 : 196-202, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence M Carey
- Department of Psychological Science, Northern Michigan University, Marquette, MI, 49855
| | - Remington J Rice
- Department of Psychological Science, Northern Michigan University, Marquette, MI, 49855
| | - Adam J Prus
- Department of Psychological Science, Northern Michigan University, Marquette, MI, 49855
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Aoki H, Nakato J, Mizushige T, Iwakura H, Sato M, Suzuki H, Kanamoto R, Ohinata K. Lacto-ghrestatin, a novel bovine milk-derived peptide, suppresses ghrelin secretion. FEBS Lett 2017. [PMID: 28649756 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Ghrelin, an endogenous peptide isolated from the stomach, is known to stimulate food intake after peripheral administration. We found that the enzymatic digest of β-lactoglobulin decreases ghrelin secretion from the ghrelin-producing cell line MGN3-1. The peptides present in the digest were comprehensively analyzed using the nanoLC-OrbitrapMS. Among them, we identified that the nonapeptide LIVTQTMKG, corresponding to β-lactoglobulin(1-9), suppresses ghrelin secretion from MGN3-1 cells. We named LIVTQTMKG 'lacto-ghrestatin'. We found that lacto-ghrestatin decreases intracellular cAMP levels and mRNA expression levels of ghrelin production-related genes in MGN3-1 cells. Orally administered lacto-ghrestatin decreases plasma ghrelin levels and food intake in fasted mice. Lacto-ghrestatin is the first food-derived peptide to suppress ghrelin secretion in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayato Aoki
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Junya Nakato
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Takafumi Mizushige
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Japan.,Research Unit for Physiological Chemistry, C-PIER, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Iwakura
- Medical Innovation Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Masaru Sato
- Department of Research and Development, Kazusa DNA Research Institutes, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Suzuki
- Department of Research and Development, Kazusa DNA Research Institutes, Chiba, Japan
| | - Ryuhei Kanamoto
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Japan
| | - Kousaku Ohinata
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Japan
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9
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Steele FF, Whitehouse SC, Aday JS, Prus AJ. Neurotensin NTS 1 and NTS 2 receptor agonists produce anxiolytic-like effects in the 22-kHz ultrasonic vocalization model in rats. Brain Res 2017; 1658:31-35. [PMID: 28089664 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2017.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Neurotensin is a neuropeptide neurotransmitter that interacts with multiple neurotransmitter systems, including those regulating amygdalar function, via NTS1 and NTS2 receptors. Both receptors are expressed in the amygdala and agonists for NTS1 or NTS2 receptors have exhibited anxiolytic effects in animal models. Systemic adminstration of NTS1 receptor agonist PD149163 was recently shown to reduce footshock conditioned 22-kHz ultrasonic vocalizations in rats, suggesting that PD149163 produced an anxiolytic effect. The effects that neurotensin may have or a selective NTS2 receptor agonist may have on 22-kHz vocalizations has yet to be examined. The current study evaluated the effects of intracerebroventricularly administered neurotensin (0.1-10.0μg), PD149163 (0.1-10.0ng), or the NTS2 receptor agonist JMV-431 (0.1-1.0μg) on footshock conditioned 22-kHz vocalizations in male Wistar rats. Neurotensin, PD149163, and JMV-431 all significantly reduced the number 22-kHz calls. No changes in call duration were found, suggesting that non-specific drug effects do not account for the reductions in 22-kHz calls. These data support anxiolytic effects produced by activation of NTS1 or NTS2 receptors, and suggest that neurotensin plays a natural role in the expression of conditioned USVs. These data suggest that both receptor subtypes are putative pharmacologic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floyd F Steele
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Shannon C Whitehouse
- Psychology Department, Northern Michigan University, Marquette, MI, United States
| | - Jacob S Aday
- Psychology Department, Northern Michigan University, Marquette, MI, United States
| | - Adam J Prus
- Psychology Department, Northern Michigan University, Marquette, MI, United States.
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McCullough KM, Choi D, Guo J, Zimmerman K, Walton J, Rainnie DG, Ressler KJ. Molecular characterization of Thy1 expressing fear-inhibiting neurons within the basolateral amygdala. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13149. [PMID: 27767183 PMCID: PMC5078744 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular characterization of neuron populations, particularly those controlling threat responses, is essential for understanding the cellular basis of behaviour and identifying pharmacological agents acting selectively on fear-controlling circuitry. Here we demonstrate a comprehensive workflow for identification of pharmacologically tractable markers of behaviourally characterized cell populations. Thy1-eNpHR-, Thy1-Cre- and Thy1-eYFP-labelled neurons of the BLA consistently act as fear inhibiting or 'Fear-Off' neurons during behaviour. We use cell-type-specific optogenetics and chemogenetics (DREADDs) to modulate activity in this population during behaviour to block or enhance fear extinction. Dissociated Thy1-eYFP neurons are isolated using FACS. RNA sequencing identifies genes strongly upregulated in RNA of this population, including Ntsr2, Dkk3, Rspo2 and Wnt7a. Pharmacological manipulation of neurotensin receptor 2 confirms behavioural effects observed in optogenetic and chemogenetic experiments. These experiments identify and validate Ntsr2-expressing neurons within the BLA, as a putative 'Fear-Off' population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth M. McCullough
- Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
- Division of Depression & Anxiety Disorders, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts 02478, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02478, USA
| | - Dennis Choi
- Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Jidong Guo
- Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Kelsey Zimmerman
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Jordan Walton
- Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
- Division of Depression & Anxiety Disorders, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts 02478, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02478, USA
| | - Donald G. Rainnie
- Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
| | - Kerry J. Ressler
- Behavioral Neuroscience, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA
- Division of Depression & Anxiety Disorders, McLean Hospital, Belmont, Massachusetts 02478, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02478, USA
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11
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Yoshikawa M. Bioactive peptides derived from natural proteins with respect to diversity of their receptors and physiological effects. Peptides 2015; 72:208-25. [PMID: 26297549 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2015.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2015] [Revised: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
We have found various bioactive peptides derived from animal and plant proteins, which interact with receptors for endogenous bioactive peptides such as opioids, neurotensin, complements C3a and C5a, oxytocin, and formyl peptides etc. Among them, rubiscolin, a δ opioid peptide derived from plant RuBisCO, showed memory-consolidating, anxiolytic-like, and food intake-modulating effects. Soymorphin, a μ opioid peptide derived from β-conglycinin showed anxiolytic-like, anorexigenic, hypoglycemic, and hypotriglyceridemic effects. β-Lactotensin derived from β-lactoglobulin, the first natural ligand for the NTS2 receptor, showed memory-consolidating, anxiolytic-like, and hypocholesterolemic effects. Weak agonist peptides for the complements C3a and C5a receptors were released from many proteins and exerted various central effects. Peptides showing anxiolytic-like antihypertensive and anti-alopecia effects via different types of receptors such as OT, FPR and AT2 were also obtained. Based on these study, new functions and post-receptor mechanisms of receptor commom to endogenous and exogenous bioactive peptides have been clarified.
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Hiradate Y, Inoue H, Kobayashi N, Shirakata Y, Suzuki Y, Gotoh A, Roh SG, Uchida T, Katoh K, Yoshida M, Sato E, Tanemura K. Neurotensin enhances sperm capacitation and acrosome reaction in mice. Biol Reprod 2014; 91:53. [PMID: 25031361 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.113.112789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurotensin (NT) has multiple functions, ranging from acting as a neurotransmitter to regulating intestinal movement. However, its function in reproductive physiology is unknown. Here, we confirmed the expression and localization of NT receptors (NTR1) in mouse epididymal spermatozoa and investigated the effect of NT on sperm function. Sperm protein tyrosine phosphorylation, one of the indices of sperm capacitation, was facilitated dose-dependently by NT administration. In addition, the acrosome reaction was promoted in capacitated spermatozoa, and addition of a selective antagonist of NTR1 and NTR2 blocked the induction. Furthermore, intracellular calcium mobilization by NT addition was observed. This showed that NT was an accelerator of sperm function via its functional receptors. The presence of NT was confirmed by immunohistochemistry and its localization was observed in epithelia of the uterus and oviduct isthmus and ampulla, which correspond to the fertilization route of spermatozoa. The NT mRNA level in ovulated cumulus cell was remarkably increased by treatment with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Using an in vitro maturation model, we analyzed the effects of FSH, epidermal growth factor (EGF), estradiol, and progesterone in NT production in cumulus cells. We found that FSH and EGF upregulated NT release and mRNA expression. Both FSH- and EGF-induced upregulation were inhibited by U0126, an MAPK kinase inhibitor, indicating that FSH and EGF regulate NT expression via a MAPK-dependent pathway. This evidence suggests that NT can act as a promoter of sperm capacitation and the acrosome reaction in the female reproductive tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuuki Hiradate
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Hiroki Inoue
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Norio Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Shirakata
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yutaka Suzuki
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Aina Gotoh
- Laboratory of Enzymology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Sang-Gun Roh
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Takafumi Uchida
- Laboratory of Enzymology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Kazuo Katoh
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Manabu Yoshida
- Misaki Marine Biological Station, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Eimei Sato
- National Livestock Breeding, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Kentaro Tanemura
- Laboratory of Animal Reproduction, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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Hernández-Ledesma B, Ramos M, Gómez-Ruiz JÁ. Bioactive components of ovine and caprine cheese whey. Small Rumin Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smallrumres.2011.09.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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15
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Hou IC, Suzuki C, Kanegawa N, Oda A, Yamada A, Yoshikawa M, Yamada D, Sekiguchi M, Wada E, Wada K, Ohinata K. β-Lactotensin derived from bovine β-lactoglobulin exhibits anxiolytic-like activity as an agonist for neurotensin NTS2 receptor via activation of dopamine D1 receptor in mice. J Neurochem 2011; 119:785-90. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2011.07472.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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17
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Maternal dietary restriction during lactation influences postnatal growth and behavior in the offspring of mice. Neurochem Int 2010; 57:43-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2010.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2010] [Revised: 04/08/2010] [Accepted: 04/09/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Involvement of NTS2 receptors in stress-induced analgesia. Neuroscience 2009; 166:639-52. [PMID: 20035838 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.12.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2009] [Revised: 12/01/2009] [Accepted: 12/16/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Stress activates multiple neural systems that suppress pain sensation. This adaptive phenomenon referred as stress-induced analgesia (SIA) is mediated by the activation of endogenous pain inhibitory systems. Both opioid and non-opioid forms of SIA have been elicited in rodents according to stressor parameters and duration. There is accumulating evidence that the endogenous neurotensin (NT) system plays an important role in SIA. Especially, NT-deficient mice were shown to exhibit reduced SIA following water avoidance or restraint stress. Since central NT produces naloxone-insensitive analgesic effects by acting on spinal and supraspinal NTS2 receptors, we hypothesized that NT might mediate non-opioid SIA through NTS2 activation. Here, we evaluated the influence of an opioid-independent severe stress produced by a cold-water swim for 3 min at 15 degrees C on rodent offspring's pain perception. Our results demonstrated that mice lacking NTS2 exhibit significantly reduced SIA following cold-water swim stress. Indeed, NTS2 knockout mice submitted to both acute (plantar test) and tonic (formalin test) pain stimuli show a greater sensitivity to pain in comparison to wild-type littermates. Accordingly, pretreatment with the NT receptor antagonist SR142948A results in a hyperalgesic response to stress induced by cold-water swim. Endogenous NT regulates hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity in stress condition by increasing corticosterone plasma levels. Accordingly, the plasma levels of corticosterone measured by radioimmunoassay are significantly reduced in non-stressed and stressed NTS2-deficient mice in comparison with wild-type mice. To further investigate the site of action of NT in mediating SIA, we microinjected NTS2 agonists in lumbar spinal cord and quantified post-stress sensitivity to pain in rats using the plantar test. Exogenously administered NTS2 analogs, JMV-431, beta-lactotensin and NT69L markedly enhance the magnitude and duration of stress antinociception in both 25- and 60-day-old rats. In sum, by using genetic and pharmacological approaches, we demonstrated here that NTS2 receptors mediate non-opioid SIA. Our results also revealed that the release of endogenous NT in response to stress requires the presence of NTS2 to stimulate corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF)-induced elevation of plasma corticosterone, and that NTS2 receptors localized at the lumbar spinal cord participate to the disinhibition of descending pain control pathways. Therefore, these data highlight the significance of NTS2 as a novel target for the treatment of pain and stress-related disorders.
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Hou IC, Yoshikawa M, Ohinata K. beta-Lactotensin derived from bovine beta-lactoglobulin suppresses food intake via the CRF system followed by the CGRP system in mice. Peptides 2009; 30:2228-32. [PMID: 19720102 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2009.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2009] [Revised: 08/24/2009] [Accepted: 08/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We found that beta-lactotensin (His-Ile-Arg-Leu), which has been isolated as an ileum-contracting peptide from chymotrypsin digest of bovine beta-lactoglobulin, dose-dependently suppresses food intake after intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) or intraperitoneal administration at a dose of 40 nmol/mouse or 100mg/kg, respectively, in fasted mice. Orally administered beta-lactotensin also suppressed food intake at 500 mg/kg. We previously reported that beta-lactotensin acts as an agonist for neurotensin receptors; however, the anorexigenic activity of beta-lactotensin was not inhibited by i.c.v. co-administration with SR48692 or levocabastine, an antagonist for neurotensin NT(1) or NT(2) receptor, respectively. On the other hand, the anorexigenic effect of beta-lactotensin was blocked by i.c.v. co-administration with astressin or calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP)(8-37), an antagonist for corticotropin releasing factor (CRF) or CGRP, respectively. beta-Lactotensin had affinity for neither CRF nor CGRP receptor. In addition, CRF-induced anorexigenic activity after i.c.v. administration was completely blocked by CGRP(8-37), while CGRP-induced anorexigenic activity was not inhibited by astressin. These results suggest that the CGRP system is activated downstream of the CRF system in food intake regulation. Taken together, beta-lactotensin may suppress food intake by activating the CRF system followed by the CGRP system, independently of the neurotensin system.
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Affiliation(s)
- I-Ching Hou
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Gokasho Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
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Tu Z, Volk M, Shah K, Clerkin K, Liang JF. Constructing bioactive peptides with pH-dependent activities. Peptides 2009; 30:1523-8. [PMID: 19464332 PMCID: PMC2735074 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2009.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2009] [Revised: 05/06/2009] [Accepted: 05/11/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Many bioactive peptides are featured by their arginine and lysine rich contents. In this study, lysine and arginine residues in lytic peptides were selectively replaced by histidines. Although resulting histidine-containing lytic peptides had decreased activity, they did show pH-dependent cytotoxicity. The activity of the constructed histidine-containing lytic peptides increased 2-8 times as the solution pH changed from 7.4 to 5.5. More importantly, these histidine-containing peptides maintain the same cell killing mechanism as their parent peptides by causing cell lysis. Both the activity and pH-sensitivity of histidine-containing peptides are tunable by adjusting histidine substitution numbers and positions. This study has presented a general strategy to create bioactive peptides with desired pH-sensitivity to meet the needs of various applications such as cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jun F. Liang
- Corresponding Author Dr. Jun F. Liang, Department of Chemistry, Chemical Biology, and Biomedical Engineering Stevens Institute of Technology Hoboken, NJ 07030 USA Tel.: 201-216-5640; Fax: 201-216-8240 Email.:
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Castellani ML, Vecchiet J, Salini V, Conti P, Theoharides TC, Caraffa A, Antinolfi P, Teté S, Ciampoli C, Cuccurullo C, Cerulli G, Felaco M, Boscolo P. Stimulation of CCL2 (MCP-1) and CCL2 mRNA by substance P in LAD2 human mast cells. Transl Res 2009; 154:27-33. [PMID: 19524871 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2009.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2008] [Revised: 03/22/2009] [Accepted: 03/23/2009] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Chemokines are cytokines with chemotactic properties on inflammatory cells and other cell types. Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2), which is also called monocyte chemotactic protein 1 (MCP-1), is a potent chemotactic molecule that attracts lymphocytes, monocytes, mast cells, and memory T cells, but not neutrophils. CCL2/MCP-1 represents a link between the activation of monocytes, lymphocytes, basophils, mast cells, and eosinophils in inflammatory disorders, such as the late-phase allergic reaction. This C-C chemokine also plays a role in regulating Th-cell cytokine production and leukocyte trafficking. Laboratory of allergic diseases (LAD) cells is the first reported human mast cell line that closely resembles a primary culture of CD34+-derived human mast cells. These cells were cultured in vitro and treated with different concentrations of substance P (SP) for the production of CCL2/MCP-1. We used calcium ionophore as a positive control for stimulating transcription and translation of CCL2/MCP-1. The stimulation of SP on CCL2/MCP-1 was statistically significant (P < 0.05) compared with the control (untreated cells). In this study, we determined the expression and secretion of CCL2/MCP-1 from SP-activated LAD2 human mast cells in vitro. The levels of CCL2/MCP-1 from SP-activated LAD2 human mast cells were higher at 10 microM and at 18 h incubation compared with controls. This effect was also revealed on CCL2/MCP-1 messenger RNA (mRNA) expression, as determined by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis. Our data suggest that SP is an important neurotransmitter that can stimulate the chemokine CCL2, which plays a fundamental role in inflammation by recruiting inflammatory cells to specific cites.
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The neurotensin-1 receptor agonist PD149163 blocks fear-potentiated startle. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2008; 90:748-52. [PMID: 18577396 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2008.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2007] [Revised: 05/29/2008] [Accepted: 05/30/2008] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Preliminary evidence suggests that the neuropeptide, neurotensin (NT) may regulate fear/anxiety circuits. We investigated the effects of PD149163, a NT1 receptor agonist, on fear-potentiated startle (FPS). Sprague Dawley rats were trained to associate a white light with a mild foot shock. In one experiment, animals were treated with either subcutaneous vehicle or PD149163 (0.01, 0.1 or 1.0 mg/kg) 24 h after training. Twenty minutes later their acoustic startle response in the presence or absence of the white light was tested. In a second experiment, saline and 1.0 mg/kg PD149163 were tested using a separate group of rats. In the first experiment, PD149163 produced a non-significant decrease in baseline acoustic startle at all three doses. As expected, saline-treated rats exhibited significant FPS. An ANOVA of percentage FPS revealed no significant effect of treatment group overall but the high dose group did not display FPS strongly suggesting an FPS effect at this dose. This finding was confirmed in the second experiment where the high dose of PD149163 reduced percent FPS relative to saline (P < 0.05). These data suggest that systemically administered NT1 agonists modulate the neural circuitry that regulates fear and anxiety to produce dose-dependent anxiolytic-like effects on FPS.
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Krissansen GW. Emerging health properties of whey proteins and their clinical implications. J Am Coll Nutr 2008; 26:713S-23S. [PMID: 18187438 DOI: 10.1080/07315724.2007.10719652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The nursery rhyme "Little Miss Muffet sat on a tuffet (small stool) eating her curds and whey. ..." is recognition of the fact that over the centuries "curds and whey", the two major components of cow's milk, have been widely accepted as part of a healthy diet. Milk provides complete nourishment for the neonate for six months from birth, containing factors that help develop various organ systems including the brain, immune system, and the intestine. Importantly it provides immune protection at a time when the neonates own immune system, though fully developed, is albeit immature. Many adult consumers include cow's milk as part of a healthy diet as it provides protein and essential nutrients, vitamins, and minerals, in particular calcium for strong bones. There is a growing appreciation that milk, and in particular whey, contains components that not only provide nutrition, but can also prevent and attenuate disease, or augment conventional therapies, when delivered in amounts that exceed normal dietary intakes. This paper reviews the emerging health properties of whey proteins and their clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey W Krissansen
- Department of Molecular Medicine & Pathology, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
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24
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Hernández-Ledesma B, Recio I, Amigo L. β-Lactoglobulin as source of bioactive peptides. Amino Acids 2007; 35:257-65. [PMID: 17726638 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-007-0585-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2007] [Accepted: 07/02/2007] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Beta-lactoglobulin (beta-Lg) is currently an important source of biologically active peptides. These peptides are inactive within the sequence of the precursor protein, but they can be released by in vivo or in vitro enzymatic proteolysis. Once released, these peptides play important roles in the human health, including antihypertensive, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities as well as opioid-like features and ability to decrease the body-cholesterol levels. Bioactive peptides derived from beta-Lg are currently a point of intensive research. Their structure, biological significance and mechanism of action are briefly presented and discussed in this review.
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Yamauchi R, Wada E, Kamichi S, Yamada D, Maeno H, Delawary M, Nakazawa T, Yamamoto T, Wada K. Neurotensin type 2 receptor is involved in fear memory in mice. J Neurochem 2007; 102:1669-1676. [PMID: 17697051 DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2007.04805.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Neurotensin receptor subtype 2 (Ntsr2) is a levocabastine-sensitive neurotensin receptor expressed diffusely throughout the mouse brain. Previously, we found that Ntsr2-deficient mice have an abnormality in the processing of thermal nociception. In this study, to examine the involvement of Ntsr2 in mouse behavior, we performed a fear-conditioning test in Ntsr2-deficient mice. In the contextual fear-conditioning test, the freezing response was significantly reduced in Ntsr2-deficient mice compared with that of wild-type mice. This reduction was observed from 1 h to 3 weeks after conditioning, and neither shock sensitivity nor locomotor activity was altered in Ntsr2-deficient mice. In addition, we found that Ntsr2 mRNA was predominantly expressed in cultured astrocytes and weakly expressed in cultured neurons derived from mouse brain. The combination of in situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry showed that Ntsr2 mRNA was dominantly expressed in glial fibrillary acidic protein positive cells in many brain regions including the hypothalamus, while Ntsr2 gene was co-expressed with neuron-specific microtubule associated protein-2 in limited numbers of cells. These results suggest that Ntsr2 in astrocytes and neurons may have unique function like a modulation of fear memory in the mouse brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rena Yamauchi
- Department of Degenerative Neurological Diseases, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, JapanJapan Society for Promotion of Science, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, JapanCREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama, JapanDivision of Oncology, Department of Cancer Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Etsuko Wada
- Department of Degenerative Neurological Diseases, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, JapanJapan Society for Promotion of Science, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, JapanCREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama, JapanDivision of Oncology, Department of Cancer Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Sari Kamichi
- Department of Degenerative Neurological Diseases, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, JapanJapan Society for Promotion of Science, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, JapanCREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama, JapanDivision of Oncology, Department of Cancer Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Daisuke Yamada
- Department of Degenerative Neurological Diseases, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, JapanJapan Society for Promotion of Science, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, JapanCREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama, JapanDivision of Oncology, Department of Cancer Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Maeno
- Department of Degenerative Neurological Diseases, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, JapanJapan Society for Promotion of Science, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, JapanCREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama, JapanDivision of Oncology, Department of Cancer Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mina Delawary
- Department of Degenerative Neurological Diseases, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, JapanJapan Society for Promotion of Science, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, JapanCREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama, JapanDivision of Oncology, Department of Cancer Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takanobu Nakazawa
- Department of Degenerative Neurological Diseases, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, JapanJapan Society for Promotion of Science, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, JapanCREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama, JapanDivision of Oncology, Department of Cancer Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadashi Yamamoto
- Department of Degenerative Neurological Diseases, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, JapanJapan Society for Promotion of Science, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, JapanCREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama, JapanDivision of Oncology, Department of Cancer Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Keiji Wada
- Department of Degenerative Neurological Diseases, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, JapanJapan Society for Promotion of Science, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, JapanCREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama, JapanDivision of Oncology, Department of Cancer Biology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Ohinata K, Sonoda S, Inoue N, Yamauchi R, Wada K, Yoshikawa M. beta-Lactotensin, a neurotensin agonist peptide derived from bovine beta-lactoglobulin, enhances memory consolidation in mice. Peptides 2007; 28:1470-4. [PMID: 17629352 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2007.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2007] [Revised: 06/01/2007] [Accepted: 06/01/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
beta-Lactotensin (His-Ile-Arg-Leu) is an ileum-contracting tetrapeptide isolated from bovine beta-lactoglobulin. We previously reported that a neurotensin agonist beta-lactotensin shows antinociceptive effect through neurotensin NT(2) receptor. We found that centrally or orally administered beta-lactotensin at a dose of 60nmol/mouse or 300-500mg/kg, respectively, increased memory consolidation in the step-through-type inhibitory avoidance test in mice. The memory-enhancing activity of beta-lactotensin was inhibited by the dopamine D(2) receptor antagonist raclopride but not the D(1) receptor antagonist SCH23390. Taken together, beta-lactotensin might improve memory consolidation through activating the dopamine D(2) receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kousaku Ohinata
- Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Gokasho Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
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