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Cadena-Caballero CE, Munive-Argüelles N, Vera-Cala LM, Barrios-Hernandez C, Duarte-Bernal RO, Ayus-Ortiz VL, Pardo-Díaz LA, Agudelo-Rodríguez M, Bautista-Rozo LX, Jimenez-Gutierrez LR, Martinez-Perez F. APGW/AKH Precursor from Rotifer Brachionus plicatilis and the DNA Loss Model Explain Evolutionary Trends of the Neuropeptide LWamide, APGWamide, RPCH, AKH, ACP, CRZ, and GnRH Families. J Mol Evol 2023; 91:882-896. [PMID: 38102415 PMCID: PMC10730642 DOI: 10.1007/s00239-023-10146-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
In the year 2002, DNA loss model (DNA-LM) postulated that neuropeptide genes to emerged through codons loss via the repair of damaged DNA from ancestral gene namely Neuropeptide Precursor Predictive (NPP), which organization correspond two or more neuropeptides precursors evolutive related. The DNA-LM was elaborated according to amino acids homology among LWamide, APGWamide, red pigment-concentrating hormone (RPCH), adipokinetic hormones (AKHs) and in silico APGW/RPCH NPPAPGW/AKH NPP were proposed. With the above principle, it was proposed the evolution of corazonin (CRZ), gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), AKH, and AKH/CRZ (ACP), but any NPP never was considered. However, the evolutive relation via DNA-LM among these neuropeptides precursors not has been established yet. Therefore, the transcriptomes from crabs Callinectes toxotes and Callinectes arcuatus were used to characterized ACP and partial CRZ precursors, respectively. BLAST alignment with APGW/RPCH NPP and APGW/AKH NPP allow identified similar NPP in the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis and other invertebrates. Moreover, three bioinformatics algorithms and manual verification were used to purify 13,778 sequences, generating a database with 719 neuropeptide precursors. Phylogenetic trees with the DNA-LM parameters showed that some ACP, CRZ, AKH2 and two NPP share nodes with GnRH from vertebrates and some of this neuropeptide had nodes in invertebrates. Whereas the phylogenetic tree with standard parameters do not showed previous node pattern. Robinson-Foulds metric corroborates the differences among phylogenetic trees. Homology relationship showed four putative orthogroups; AKH4, CRZ, and protostomes GnRH had individual group. This is the first demonstration of NPP in species and would explain the evolution neuropeptide families by the DNA-LM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian E Cadena-Caballero
- Grupo de Investigación Computo Avanzado y a Gran Escala (CAGE), Escuela de Ingeniería de Sistemas e Informática, Universidad Industrial de Santander, 680002, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Nestor Munive-Argüelles
- Grupo de Investigación Computo Avanzado y a Gran Escala (CAGE), Escuela de Ingeniería de Sistemas e Informática, Universidad Industrial de Santander, 680002, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Lina M Vera-Cala
- Grupo de Investigación en Demografía, Salud Pública y Sistemas de Salud (GUINDESS), Departamento de Salud Pública, Universidad Industrial de Santander, 680002, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Carlos Barrios-Hernandez
- Grupo de Investigación Computo Avanzado y a Gran Escala (CAGE), Escuela de Ingeniería de Sistemas e Informática, Universidad Industrial de Santander, 680002, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Ruben O Duarte-Bernal
- Biomedical Imaging, Vision and Learning Laboratory (BIVL2ab), Escuela de Ingeniería de Sistemas e Informática, Universidad Industrial de Santander, 680002, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Viviana L Ayus-Ortiz
- Grupo de Investigación Computo Avanzado y a Gran Escala (CAGE), Escuela de Ingeniería de Sistemas e Informática, Universidad Industrial de Santander, 680002, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Luis A Pardo-Díaz
- Grupo de Investigación Computo Avanzado y a Gran Escala (CAGE), Escuela de Ingeniería de Sistemas e Informática, Universidad Industrial de Santander, 680002, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Mayra Agudelo-Rodríguez
- Grupo de Investigación Computo Avanzado y a Gran Escala (CAGE), Escuela de Ingeniería de Sistemas e Informática, Universidad Industrial de Santander, 680002, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Lola X Bautista-Rozo
- Biomedical Imaging, Vision and Learning Laboratory (BIVL2ab), Escuela de Ingeniería de Sistemas e Informática, Universidad Industrial de Santander, 680002, Bucaramanga, Colombia
| | - Laura R Jimenez-Gutierrez
- Facultad de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, 82000, Mazatlán, México
- Cátedra-CONAHCyT, Consejo Nacional de Humanidades Ciencias y Tecnología, 03940, CDMX, México
| | - Francisco Martinez-Perez
- Grupo de Investigación Computo Avanzado y a Gran Escala (CAGE), Escuela de Ingeniería de Sistemas e Informática, Universidad Industrial de Santander, 680002, Bucaramanga, Colombia.
- Laboratorio de Genómica Celular Aplicada (LGCA), Grupo de Microbiología y Genética, Escuela de Biología, Universidad Industrial de Santander, 680002, Bucaramanga, Colombia.
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López-Ardila IY, Martínez-Pérez FJ, Rondón-González F. Aplicación del modelo de pérdida de ADN para el diseño de cebadores en Potamotrygon magdalenae (Potamotrygonidae). ACTA BIOLÓGICA COLOMBIANA 2021. [DOI: 10.15446/abc.v27n1.87401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
El diseño de cebadores es fundamental para amplificar regiones de genes debido a que la especificidad que mantienen cebador-secuencia de interés puede causar el éxito o fracaso en la reacción de PCR. En relación a Potamotrygon magdalenae (especie de interés de acuerdo al PAN Tiburones-Colombia), existe poca información disponible de aspectos relacionados con la genética poblacional de esta Raya. El objetivo del presente trabajo consistió en diseñar cebadores bajo los criterios del Modelo de Pérdida de ADN (DNA-LM), que permitan evaluar el estado genético de las poblaciones de P. magdalenae. Alineamos secuencias de la superfamilia Dayastoidea, disponibles en el NCBI, de los genes mitocondriales Citocromo C Oxidasa 1 (MT-CO1) y Citocromo b (MT-CYB). Se guimos los parámetros Gap open penalty (5), Gap extension penalti (0,2) y Terminal gap penalties (0,1) y seleccionamos dos pares de cebadores de acuerdo con el DNA-LM. Estimamos el producto amplificado del gen MT-CO1 en 916 pb y del gen MT-CYB en 774 pb, en muestras de P. magdalenae procedentes de diferentes ciénagas del Magdalena medio. Discutimos los resultados desde la perspectiva de validar la especificidad de los cebadores diseñados, teniendo en cuenta la correspondencia e identidad de las secuencias de los genes considerados. Los cebadores aquí reportados pueden contribuir a ampliar el conocimiento de la genética poblacional, biogeografía y filogenética de la raya de agua dulce P. magdalenae.
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De Oliveira AL, Calcino A, Wanninger A. Extensive conservation of the proneuropeptide and peptide prohormone complement in mollusks. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4846. [PMID: 30890731 PMCID: PMC6425005 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-40949-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
As one of the most diverse groups of invertebrate animals, mollusks represent powerful models for neurobiological and developmental studies. Neuropeptides and peptide hormones are a heterogeneous class of signalling molecules involved in chemical communication between neurons and in neuroendocrine regulation. Here we present a fine-grained view of the molluscan neuropeptide and peptide hormone toolkit. Our results expand the distribution of several peptide families (e.g., prokineticin, insulin-related peptides, prohormone-4, LFRFamide) within Lophotrochozoa and provide evidence for an early origin of others (e.g., GNXQN/prohormone-2, neuroparsin). We identified a new peptide family broadly distributed among conchiferan mollusks, the PXRX family. We found the Wnt antagonist dickkopf1/2/4 ortholog in lophotrochozoans and nematodes and reveal that the egg-laying hormone family is a DH44 homolog restricted to gastropods. Our data demonstrate that numerous peptides evolved much earlier than previously assumed and that key signalling elements are extensively conserved among extant mollusks.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L De Oliveira
- Department of Integrative Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - A Calcino
- Department of Integrative Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, Vienna, 1090, Austria
| | - A Wanninger
- Department of Integrative Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Althanstraße 14, Vienna, 1090, Austria.
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Christie AE, Roncalli V, Cieslak MC, Pascual MG, Yu A, Lameyer TJ, Stanhope ME, Dickinson PS. Prediction of a neuropeptidome for the eyestalk ganglia of the lobster Homarus americanus using a tissue-specific de novo assembled transcriptome. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2017; 243:96-119. [PMID: 27823957 PMCID: PMC5796769 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
In silico transcriptome mining is a powerful tool for crustacean peptidome prediction. Using homology-based BLAST searches and a simple bioinformatics workflow, large peptidomes have recently been predicted for a variety of crustaceans, including the lobster, Homarus americanus. Interestingly, no in silico studies have been conducted on the eyestalk ganglia (lamina ganglionaris, medulla externa, medulla interna and medulla terminalis) of the lobster, although the eyestalk is the location of a major neuroendocrine complex, i.e., the X-organ-sinus gland system. Here, an H. americanus eyestalk ganglia-specific transcriptome was produced using the de novo assembler Trinity. This transcriptome was generated from 130,973,220 Illumina reads and consists of 147,542 unique contigs. Eighty-nine neuropeptide-encoding transcripts were identified from this dataset, allowing for the deduction of 62 distinct pre/preprohormones. Two hundred sixty-two neuropeptides were predicted from this set of precursors; the peptides include members of the adipokinetic hormone-corazonin-like peptide, allatostatin A, allatostatin B, allatostatin C, bursicon α, CCHamide, corazonin, crustacean cardioactive peptide, crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH), CHH precursor-related peptide, diuretic hormone 31, diuretic hormone 44, eclosion hormone, elevenin, FMRFamide-like peptide, glycoprotein hormone α2, glycoprotein hormone β5, GSEFLamide, intocin, leucokinin, molt-inhibiting hormone, myosuppressin, neuroparsin, neuropeptide F, orcokinin, orcomyotropin, pigment dispersing hormone, proctolin, pyrokinin, red pigment concentrating hormone, RYamide, short neuropeptide F, SIFamide, sulfakinin, tachykinin-related peptide and trissin families. The predicted peptides expand the H. americanus eyestalk ganglia neuropeptidome approximately 7-fold, and include 78 peptides new to the lobster. The transcriptome and predicted neuropeptidome described here provide new resources for investigating peptidergic signaling within/from the lobster eyestalk ganglia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew E Christie
- Békésy Laboratory of Neurobiology, Pacific Biosciences Research Center, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1993 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.
| | - Vittoria Roncalli
- Békésy Laboratory of Neurobiology, Pacific Biosciences Research Center, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1993 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Matthew C Cieslak
- Békésy Laboratory of Neurobiology, Pacific Biosciences Research Center, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1993 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Micah G Pascual
- Békésy Laboratory of Neurobiology, Pacific Biosciences Research Center, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1993 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Andy Yu
- Békésy Laboratory of Neurobiology, Pacific Biosciences Research Center, School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1993 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | - Tess J Lameyer
- Department of Biology, Bowdoin College, 6500 College Station, Brunswick, ME 04672, USA
| | - Meredith E Stanhope
- Department of Biology, Bowdoin College, 6500 College Station, Brunswick, ME 04672, USA
| | - Patsy S Dickinson
- Department of Biology, Bowdoin College, 6500 College Station, Brunswick, ME 04672, USA
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Christie AE, Chi M, Lameyer TJ, Pascual MG, Shea DN, Stanhope ME, Schulz DJ, Dickinson PS. Neuropeptidergic Signaling in the American Lobster Homarus americanus: New Insights from High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145964. [PMID: 26716450 PMCID: PMC4696782 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptides are the largest and most diverse class of molecules used for neurochemical communication, playing key roles in the control of essentially all aspects of physiology and behavior. The American lobster, Homarus americanus, is a crustacean of commercial and biomedical importance; lobster growth and reproduction are under neuropeptidergic control, and portions of the lobster nervous system serve as models for understanding the general principles underlying rhythmic motor behavior (including peptidergic neuromodulation). While a number of neuropeptides have been identified from H. americanus, and the effects of some have been investigated at the cellular/systems levels, little is currently known about the molecular components of neuropeptidergic signaling in the lobster. Here, a H. americanus neural transcriptome was generated and mined for sequences encoding putative peptide precursors and receptors; 35 precursor- and 41 receptor-encoding transcripts were identified. We predicted 194 distinct neuropeptides from the deduced precursor proteins, including members of the adipokinetic hormone-corazonin-like peptide, allatostatin A, allatostatin C, bursicon, CCHamide, corazonin, crustacean cardioactive peptide, crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH), CHH precursor-related peptide, diuretic hormone 31, diuretic hormone 44, eclosion hormone, FLRFamide, GSEFLamide, insulin-like peptide, intocin, leucokinin, myosuppressin, neuroparsin, neuropeptide F, orcokinin, pigment dispersing hormone, proctolin, pyrokinin, SIFamide, sulfakinin and tachykinin-related peptide families. While some of the predicted peptides are known H. americanus isoforms, most are novel identifications, more than doubling the extant lobster neuropeptidome. The deduced receptor proteins are the first descriptions of H. americanus neuropeptide receptors, and include ones for most of the peptide groups mentioned earlier, as well as those for ecdysis-triggering hormone, red pigment concentrating hormone and short neuropeptide F. Multiple receptors were identified for most peptide families. These data represent the most complete description of the molecular underpinnings of peptidergic signaling in H. americanus, and will serve as a foundation for future gene-based studies of neuropeptidergic control in the lobster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew E. Christie
- Békésy Laboratory of Neurobiology, Pacific Biosciences Research Center and Technology, 6500 College Station, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1993 East-West Road, Honolulu, Hawaii, 96822, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Megan Chi
- Békésy Laboratory of Neurobiology, Pacific Biosciences Research Center and Technology, 6500 College Station, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1993 East-West Road, Honolulu, Hawaii, 96822, United States of America
| | - Tess J. Lameyer
- Department of Biology, Bowdoin College, 6500 College Station, Brunswick, Maine, 04672, United States of America
| | - Micah G. Pascual
- Békésy Laboratory of Neurobiology, Pacific Biosciences Research Center and Technology, 6500 College Station, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1993 East-West Road, Honolulu, Hawaii, 96822, United States of America
| | - Devlin N. Shea
- Department of Biology, Bowdoin College, 6500 College Station, Brunswick, Maine, 04672, United States of America
| | - Meredith E. Stanhope
- Department of Biology, Bowdoin College, 6500 College Station, Brunswick, Maine, 04672, United States of America
| | - David J. Schulz
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, 218A LeFevre Hall, Columbia, Missouri, 65211, United States of America
| | - Patsy S. Dickinson
- Department of Biology, Bowdoin College, 6500 College Station, Brunswick, Maine, 04672, United States of America
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Christie AE, Chi M. Prediction of the neuropeptidomes of members of the Astacidea (Crustacea, Decapoda) using publicly accessible transcriptome shotgun assembly (TSA) sequence data. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2015; 224:38-60. [PMID: 26070255 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2015] [Revised: 05/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The decapod infraorder Astacidea is comprised of clawed lobsters and freshwater crayfish. Due to their economic importance and their use as models for investigating neurochemical signaling, much work has focused on elucidating their neurochemistry, particularly their peptidergic systems. Interestingly, no astacidean has been the subject of large-scale peptidomic analysis via in silico transcriptome mining, this despite growing transcriptomic resources for members of this taxon. Here, the publicly accessible astacidean transcriptome shotgun assembly data were mined for putative peptide-encoding transcripts; these sequences were used to predict the structures of mature neuropeptides. One hundred seventy-six distinct peptides were predicted for Procambarus clarkii, including isoforms of adipokinetic hormone-corazonin-like peptide (ACP), allatostatin A (AST-A), allatostatin B, allatostatin C (AST-C) bursicon α, bursicon β, CCHamide, crustacean hyperglycemic hormone (CHH)/ion transport peptide (ITP), diuretic hormone 31 (DH31), eclosion hormone (EH), FMRFamide-like peptide, GSEFLamide, intocin, leucokinin, neuroparsin, neuropeptide F, pigment dispersing hormone, pyrokinin, RYamide, short neuropeptide F (sNPF), SIFamide, sulfakinin and tachykinin-related peptide (TRP). Forty-six distinct peptides, including isoforms of AST-A, AST-C, bursicon α, CCHamide, CHH/ITP, DH31, EH, intocin, myosuppressin, neuroparsin, red pigment concentrating hormone, sNPF and TRP, were predicted for Pontastacus leptodactylus, with a bursicon β and a neuroparsin predicted for Cherax quadricarinatus. The identification of ACP is the first from a decapod, while the predictions of CCHamide, EH, GSEFLamide, intocin, neuroparsin and RYamide are firsts for the Astacidea. Collectively, these data greatly expand the catalog of known astacidean neuropeptides and provide a foundation for functional studies of peptidergic signaling in members of this decapod infraorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew E Christie
- Békésy Laboratory of Neurobiology, Pacific Biosciences Research Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1993 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.
| | - Megan Chi
- Békésy Laboratory of Neurobiology, Pacific Biosciences Research Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1993 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
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Christie AE. Neuropeptide discovery in Symphylella vulgaris (Myriapoda, Symphyla): In silico prediction of the first myriapod peptidome. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2015; 223:73-86. [PMID: 26407502 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2015.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Arthropods have contributed greatly to our understanding of peptidergic control of physiology and behavior, and being the largest and most diverse animal phylum, represent a model for investigating peptide hormone evolution. Surprisingly, one arthropod subphylum, the Myriapoda, is uninvestigated in terms of its peptide hormones. The public deposition of a transcriptome for Symphylella vulgaris, a pseudocentipede, provides a means for peptide discovery in myriapods. Here, in silico transcriptome mining was used to identify 47 S. vulgaris neuropeptide-encoding transcripts within this dataset. The identified transcripts allowed for the deduction of 31 unique pre/preprohormone sequences, with 97 distinct mature peptides predicted from the deduced proteins. The predicted S. vulgaris peptidome includes members of the adipokinetic hormone/red pigment concentrating hormone, adipokinetic hormone-corazonin-like peptide, allatostatin A, allatostatin C (AST-C), allatotropin, CCHamide, crustacean cardioactive peptide, GSEFLamide, insulin-like peptide, intocin, proctolin, pyrokinin, short neuropeptide F, SIFamide and sulfakinin families. This is the first, and thus far only, peptidome predicted for a myriapod. Of particular note were a modified AST-C, TYWKQCAFNAVSRFamide, that lacks one of two cysteine residues (i.e. one at position 13) stereotypically present in members of this peptide family (and hence is missing the disulfide bridge that spans these residues) and a SIFamide, PPFNGSIFamide, that is truncated due to a lysine for arginine substitution in the dibasic residue pair commonly located at positions 3 and 4 of stereotypical full-length isoforms (e.g. the crustacean peptide GYRKPPFNGSIFamide). The peptides predicted here represent the only extant resource for initiating investigations of native peptidergic signaling in the Myriapoda.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew E Christie
- Békésy Laboratory of Neurobiology, Pacific Biosciences Research Center, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 1993 East-West Road, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.
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Jékely G. Global view of the evolution and diversity of metazoan neuropeptide signaling. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 110:8702-7. [PMID: 23637342 PMCID: PMC3666674 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1221833110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 298] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuropeptides are signaling molecules that commonly act via G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and are generated in neurons by proneuropeptide (pNP) cleavage. Present in both cnidarians and bilaterians, neuropeptides represent an ancient and widespread mode of neuronal communication. Due to the inherent difficulties of analyzing highly diverse and repetitive pNPs, the relationships among different families are often elusive. Using similarity-based clustering and sensitive similarity searches, I obtained a global view of metazoan pNP diversity and evolution. Clustering revealed a large and diffuse network of sequences connected by significant sequence similarity encompassing one-quarter of all families. pNPs belonging to this cluster were also identified in the early-branching neuronless animal Trichoplax adhaerens. Clustering of neuropeptide GPCRs identified several orthology groups and allowed the reconstruction of the phyletic distribution of receptor families. GPCR phyletic distribution closely paralleled that of pNPs, indicating extensive conservation and long-term coevolution of receptor-ligand pairs. Receptor orthology and intermediate sequences also revealed the homology of pNPs so far considered unrelated, including allatotropin and orexin. These findings, together with the identification of deuterostome achatin and luqin and protostome opioid pNPs, extended the neuropeptide complement of the urbilaterian. Several pNPs were also identified from the hemichordate Saccoglossus kowalevskii and the cephalochordate Branchiostoma floridae, elucidating pNP evolution in deuterostomes. Receptor-ligand conservation also allowed ligand predictions for many uncharacterized GPCRs from nonmodel species. The reconstruction of the neuropeptide-signaling repertoire at deep nodes of the animal phylogeny allowed the formulation of a testable scenario of the evolution of animal neuroendocrine systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gáspár Jékely
- Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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Purification of bacterial genomic DNA in less than 20 min using chelex-100 microwave: examples from strains of lactic acid bacteria isolated from soil samples. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 2010; 98:465-74. [DOI: 10.1007/s10482-010-9462-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2009] [Accepted: 05/26/2010] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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