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Gaillard AL, Mohamad T, Quan FB, de Cian A, Mosimann C, Tostivint H, Pézeron G. Urp1 and Urp2 act redundantly to maintain spine shape in zebrafish larvae. Dev Biol 2023; 496:36-51. [PMID: 36736605 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2023.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Urp1 and Urp2 are two neuropeptides, members of the Urotensin 2 family, that have been recently involved in the control of body axis morphogenesis in zebrafish. They are produced by a population of sensory spinal neurons, called cerebrospinal fluid contacting neurons (CSF-cNs), under the control of signals relying on the Reissner fiber, an extracellular thread bathing in the CSF. Here, we have investigated further the function of Urp1 and Urp2 (Urp1/2) in body axis formation and maintenance. We showed that urp1;urp2 double mutants develop strong body axis defects during larval growth, revealing the redundancy between the two neuropeptides. These defects were similar to those previously reported in uts2r3 mutants. We observed that this phenotype is not associated with congenital defects in vertebrae formation, but by using specific inhibitors, we found that, at least in the embryo, the action of Urp1/2 signaling depends on myosin II contraction. Finally, we provide evidence that while the Urp1/2 signaling is functioning during larval growth, it is dispensable for embryonic development. Taken together, our results show that Urp1/2 signaling is required in larvae to promote correct vertebral body axis, most likely by regulating muscle tone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Laure Gaillard
- Molecular Physiology and Adaptation (PhyMA - UMR7221), Muséum National d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Teddy Mohamad
- Molecular Physiology and Adaptation (PhyMA - UMR7221), Muséum National d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Feng B Quan
- Molecular Physiology and Adaptation (PhyMA - UMR7221), Muséum National d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Anne de Cian
- Structure and Instability of Genomes (String - UMR 7196 - U1154), Muséum National d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, INSERM, Paris, France
| | - Christian Mosimann
- University of Colorado, School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, 12801 E 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Hervé Tostivint
- Molecular Physiology and Adaptation (PhyMA - UMR7221), Muséum National d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Pézeron
- Molecular Physiology and Adaptation (PhyMA - UMR7221), Muséum National d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Paris, France.
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2
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Tostivint H, Girardot F, Parmentier C, Pézeron G. [The caudal neurosecretory system, the other "neurohypophysial" system in fish]. Biol Aujourdhui 2023; 216:89-103. [PMID: 36744974 DOI: 10.1051/jbio/2022016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The caudal neurosecretory system (CNSS) is a neuroendocrine complex whose existence is specific to fishes. Structurally, it has many similarities with the hypothalamic-neurohypophyseal complex of other vertebrates. However, it differs regarding its position at the caudal end of the spinal cord and the nature of the hormones it secretes, the most important being urotensins. The CNSS was first described more than 60 years ago, but its embryological origin is totally unknown and its role is still poorly understood. Paradoxically, it is almost no longer studied today. Recent developments in imaging and genome editing could make it possible to resume investigations on CNSS in order to solve the mysteries that still surround it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hervé Tostivint
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS UMR 7221, Physiologie moléculaire et adaptation, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Fabrice Girardot
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS UMR 7221, Physiologie moléculaire et adaptation, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Caroline Parmentier
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS UMR 8246, INSERM U1130, IBPS, Neurosciences Paris Seine, Neuroplasticité des comportements de reproduction, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Pézeron
- Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, CNRS UMR 7221, Physiologie moléculaire et adaptation, 75005 Paris, France
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3
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Li X, Zhou H, Ge C, Li K, Chen A, Lu W. Dynamic changes of urotensin II and its receptor during ovarian development of olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 263:110782. [PMID: 35905813 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2022.110782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Urotensin II (UII) is a kind of fish somatostatins cyclic peptide, which was originally extracted from the caudal neurosecretory system (CNSS). The system of UII and UII receptor (UIIR) has been reported to have multiple physiological regulatory functions, such as cardiovascular control, osmoregulation, and lipid metabolism. However, the effect of UII and UIIR on the ovarian development has not been covered. This study investigated the expression pattern of UII and UIIR in the ovarian follicles and explored their impact on ovarian development in olive flounder Paralichthys olivaceus. The results showed that the highest UII and UIIR mRNA levels were observed at stage II and stage III follicles during ovarian development, respectively. In situ hybridization revealed that a strong signal of UII was expressed in the oocyte nuclei of stage II follicles, however, UIIR was found in the follicle cells and oocyte cytoplasm of stage II and stage III follicles. Similarly, immunohistochemistry found positive signal of UII was detected in the oocyte nuclei of stage II follicles. The results from in vitro culture of olive flounder follicles suggested the expression of UII and UIIR mRNA levels significantly increased by 10 IU/ml human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) for 9 h. Furthermore, the transcriptional expression of UII and UIIR was not statistically significantly changed by 17α, 20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (DHP). These results firstly suggested that UII and UII receptor may play vital roles in regulating ovarian growth in olive flounder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxue Li
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Hong Zhou
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Chunmei Ge
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Kunyu Li
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Aqin Chen
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
| | - Weiqun Lu
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai 201306, China.
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Quan FB, Gaillard AL, Alejevski F, Pézeron G, Tostivint H. Urotensin II-related peptide (Urp) is expressed in motoneurons in zebrafish, but is dispensable for locomotion in larva. Peptides 2021; 146:170675. [PMID: 34655691 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2021.170675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The urotensin 2 (uts2) gene family consists of four paralogs called uts2, uts2-related peptide (urp), urp1 and urp2. uts2 is known to exert a large array of biological effects, including osmoregulation, control of cardiovascular functions and regulation of endocrine activities. Lately, urp1 and urp2 have been shown to regulate axial straightening during embryogenesis. In contrast, much less is known about the roles of urp. The aim of the present study was to investigate the expression and the functions of urp by using the zebrafish as a model. For this purpose, we determined the expression pattern of the urp gene. We found that urp is expressed in motoneurons of the brainstem and the spinal cord, as in tetrapods. This was confirmed with a new Tg(urp:gfp) fluorescent reporter line. We also generated a urp knockout mutant by using CRISPR/Cas9-mediated genome editing and analysed its locomotor activity in larvae. urp mutant did not exhibit any apparent defect of spontaneous swimming when compared to wild-type. We also tested the idea that urp may represent an intermediary of urp1 and urp2 in their role on axial straightening. We found that the upward bending of the tail induced by the overexpression of urp2 in 24-hpf embryos was not altered in urp mutants. Our results indicate that urp does probably not act as a relay downstream of urp2. In conclusion, the present study showed that zebrafish urp gene is primarily expressed in motoneurons but is apparently dispensable for locomotor activity in the early larval stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng B Quan
- Molecular Physiology and Adaptation (PhyMA - UMR7221), Muséum National d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Anne-Laure Gaillard
- Molecular Physiology and Adaptation (PhyMA - UMR7221), Muséum National d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Faredin Alejevski
- Molecular Physiology and Adaptation (PhyMA - UMR7221), Muséum National d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Pézeron
- Molecular Physiology and Adaptation (PhyMA - UMR7221), Muséum National d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Paris, France.
| | - Hervé Tostivint
- Molecular Physiology and Adaptation (PhyMA - UMR7221), Muséum National d'Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Paris, France.
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5
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Alejevski F, Leemans M, Gaillard AL, Leistenschneider D, de Flori C, Bougerol M, Le Mével S, Herrel A, Fini JB, Pézeron G, Tostivint H. Conserved role of the urotensin II receptor 4 signalling pathway to control body straightness in a tetrapod. Open Biol 2021; 11:210065. [PMID: 34375549 PMCID: PMC8354755 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.210065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Urp1 and Urp2 are two neuropeptides of the urotensin II family identified in teleost fish and mainly expressed in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-contacting neurons. It has been recently proposed that Urp1 and Urp2 are required for correct axis formation and maintenance. Their action is thought to be mediated by the receptor Uts2r3, which is specifically expressed in dorsal somites. In support of this view, it has been demonstrated that the loss of uts2r3 results in severe scoliosis in adult zebrafish. In the present study, we report for the first time the occurrence of urp2, but not of urp1, in two tetrapod species of the Xenopus genus. In X. laevis, we show that urp2 mRNA-containing cells are CSF-contacting neurons. Furthermore, we identified utr4, the X. laevis counterparts of zebrafish uts2r3, and we demonstrate that, as in zebrafish, it is expressed in the dorsal somatic musculature. Finally, we reveal that, in X. laevis, the disruption of utr4 results in an abnormal curvature of the antero-posterior axis of the tadpoles. Taken together, our results suggest that the role of the Utr4 signalling pathway in the control of body straightness is an ancestral feature of bony vertebrates and not just a peculiarity of ray-finned fishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faredin Alejevski
- Physiologie moléculaire et adaptation UMR 7221 CNRS and Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Michelle Leemans
- Physiologie moléculaire et adaptation UMR 7221 CNRS and Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Anne-Laure Gaillard
- Physiologie moléculaire et adaptation UMR 7221 CNRS and Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - David Leistenschneider
- Physiologie moléculaire et adaptation UMR 7221 CNRS and Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Céline de Flori
- Physiologie moléculaire et adaptation UMR 7221 CNRS and Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Marion Bougerol
- Physiologie moléculaire et adaptation UMR 7221 CNRS and Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Sébastien Le Mével
- Physiologie moléculaire et adaptation UMR 7221 CNRS and Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Anthony Herrel
- Mécanismes adaptatifs et évolution UMR 7179 CNRS and Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Baptiste Fini
- Physiologie moléculaire et adaptation UMR 7221 CNRS and Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Guillaume Pézeron
- Physiologie moléculaire et adaptation UMR 7221 CNRS and Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Hervé Tostivint
- Physiologie moléculaire et adaptation UMR 7221 CNRS and Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
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6
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Cui L, Lv C, Zhang J, Li J, Wang Y. Characterization of four urotensin II receptors (UTS2Rs) in chickens. Peptides 2021; 138:170482. [PMID: 33359825 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2020.170482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Urotensin II receptor (UTS2R) is suggested to mediate the actions of urotensin II (UTS2) and UTS2-related peptide (URP, also called UTS2B) in mammals. However, the information regarding the gene structure, functionality and tissue expression of UTS2/URP receptor remains largely unknown in non-mammalian vertebrates including birds. In this study, using RACE-PCR, we cloned the full-length cDNAs of four chicken UTS2/URP receptors and designated them as cUTS2R1, cUTS2R2, cUTS2R3 and cUTS2R5 respectively, according to their evolutionary origin. The cloned cUTS2R1, cUTS2R2, cUTS2R3 and cUTS2R5 are predicted to encode 7-transmembrane receptors of 382, 343, 331 and 363 amino acids respectively, which show 50-66 % amino acid sequence identity with human UTS2R. Using cell-based luciferase reporter assays and Western blot, we demonstrated that chicken UTS2Rs expressed in HEK293 cells could be effectively activated by synthetic chicken UTS2-12, UTS2-17 and URP peptides, and their activation can elevate intracellular calcium concentration and activate MAPK/ERK signaling cascade, indicating that the four UTS2Rs are functional and capable of mediating UTS2/URP actions in chickens. Quantitative real-time PCR revealed that the four receptors are widely, but differentially, expressed in adult chicken tissues, while cUTS2 and cURP are highly expressed in the hindbrain and spinal cord, and moderately/weakly expressed in other tissues examined including the spleen and gonads. Taken together, our data provide first piece of evidence that all four UTS2Rs are functional in an avian species and help to reveal the conserved roles of UTS2R signaling across vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Cui
- Key laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, PR China
| | - Can Lv
- Key laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, PR China
| | - Jiannan Zhang
- Key laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, PR China
| | - Juan Li
- Key laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, PR China; Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, PR China.
| | - Yajun Wang
- Key laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, PR China; Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, PR China.
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7
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Grone BP, Butler JM, Wayne CR, Maruska KP. Expression patterns and evolution of urocortin and corticotropin‐releasing hormone genes in a cichlid fish. J Comp Neurol 2021; 529:2596-2619. [DOI: 10.1002/cne.25113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Julie M. Butler
- Department of Biological Sciences Louisiana State University Baton Rouge Louisiana USA
- Department of Biology Stanford University Stanford California USA
| | - Christy R. Wayne
- Department of Biological Sciences Louisiana State University Baton Rouge Louisiana USA
| | - Karen P. Maruska
- Department of Biological Sciences Louisiana State University Baton Rouge Louisiana USA
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8
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Qi J, Xu S, Wang M, Chen H, Tang N, Wang B, Li Y, Zhang X, Chen D, Zhou B, Zhao L, Wang Y, Li Z. Changes in corticotropin releasing factor system transcript levels in relation to feeding condition in Acipenser dabryanus. Peptides 2020; 128:170309. [PMID: 32259550 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2020.170309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
CRF system, structural conservation, has an association with feeding regulation in mammals. However, mammals and fish have different physiological mechanisms, the potential role of CRF system for feeding regulation in teleost fish are most unknown. To better explore possible feeding mechanisms of CRF system in Acipenser dabryanus, the gene expression patterns of CRF system have been investigated after different energy status. CRF and two receptors have been studied in Acipenser dabryanus in previous study, thus, four components of CRF system (UI, UCN2, UCN3 and CRF-BP) have been studied in this study. Results showed post-prandial increased UCNs mRNA expressions, and 10 days fasting decreased UCNs mRNA expressions, and the mRNA abundance of CRF-BP has no significant differences. Above, this study confirmed the CRF system has potential role for feeding regulation in Acipenser dabryanus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwen Qi
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shaoqi Xu
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mei Wang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hu Chen
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ni Tang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ya Li
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, 5# Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Defang Chen
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- Fisheries Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 156# Gaozhuang Bridge Community, Yibin, Sichuan, China.
| | - Liulan Zhao
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Zhiqiong Li
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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Qi J, Zhang X, Li Y, Xu S, Wang M, Chen H, Tang N, Wang S, Wang B, Chen D, Zhou B, Li Z. The suppression effects of feeding and mechanisms in CRF system of animals. Gene 2020; 733:144363. [PMID: 31935510 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.144363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
CRF system is comprised of 4 homologous lineages, 2 main receptors (CRF-R1 and CRF-R2), and a binding protein CRF-BP. The homologous lineages are corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF), urotensin I (UI)/sauvagine (SVG)/urocortin 1 (UCN1), urocortin 2 (UCN2), and urocortin 3 (UCN3), and UI, SVG, UCN1 are orthologous genes. CRF system genes are widely distributed in the brain and gastrointestinal tract, which may relate to feeding regulation. According the research progress about CRF system on mammals and non-mammals, this paper summarized the discovery, structure, tissue distribution, appetite regulation and mechanism of CRF system in animals, which can provide the reference for further research and production of feeding regulation and growth in mammals and fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinwen Qi
- Fisheries Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 156# Gaozhuang Bridge Community, Yibin, Sichuan, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; The Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ministry of Education, Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, 5# Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Ya Li
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shaoqi Xu
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Mei Wang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Hu Chen
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Ni Tang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shuyao Wang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Defang Chen
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- Fisheries Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 156# Gaozhuang Bridge Community, Yibin, Sichuan, China.
| | - Zhiqiong Li
- Department of Aquaculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, 211# Huimin Road, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
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10
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Nitric Oxide and the Neuroendocrine Control of the Osmotic Stress Response in Teleosts. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20030489. [PMID: 30678131 PMCID: PMC6386840 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20030489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The involvement of nitric oxide (NO) in the modulation of teleost osmoresponsive circuits is suggested by the facts that NO synthase enzymes are expressed in the neurosecretory systems and may be regulated by osmotic stimuli. The present paper is an overview on the research suggesting a role for NO in the central modulation of hormone release in the hypothalamo-neurohypophysial and the caudal neurosecretory systems of teleosts during the osmotic stress response. Active NOS enzymes are constitutively expressed by the magnocellular and parvocellular hypophysiotropic neurons and the caudal neurosecretory neurons of teleosts. Moreover, their expression may be regulated in response to the osmotic challenge. Available data suggests that the regulatory role of NO appeared early during vertebrate phylogeny and the neuroendocrine modulation by NO is conservative. Nonetheless, NO seems to have opposite effects in fish compared to mammals. Indeed, NO exerts excitatory effects on the electrical activity of the caudal neurosecretory neurons, influencing the amount of peptides released from the urophysis, while it inhibits hormone release from the magnocellular neurons in mammals.
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11
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Zou H, Lan Z, Zhou M, Lu W. Promoter methylation and Hoxd4 regulate UII mRNA tissue-specific expression in olive flounder (paralichthys olivaceus). Gen Comp Endocrinol 2018. [PMID: 29522756 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2018.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The peptide urotensin II (UII) mediates multiple physiology effects in mammals and fishes, and UII expression shows a tissue-specific pattern. However the mechanism is still unknown. In the present study high level of UII mRNA was detected in the caudal neurosecretory system (CNSS) of the olive flounder when compared to other tissues. We examined whether epigenetic mechanisms of DNA methylation are involved in UII gene expression. Methylation DNA immune precipitation (MeDIP) assay showed low methylation of UII promoter in CNSS tissue compared with muscle and spinal cord. Methylation of UII promoter was further assessed through bisulphate sequencing analysis. Low level methylation (31%) in CpG island of UII promoter was detected in CNSS tissue, while methylation status in muscle and spinal cord was 89% and 91%, respectively. In addition, high conserved sites of Hoxd4 in UII promoter were found. Activation of Hoxd4 mRNA using transretinoic acid (RA) resulted in 18-fold increase of UII mRNA expression in CNSS and high locomotor activity in medaka, confirming that Hoxd4 is also involved in UII gene transcriptional regulation. Taken together, our data provide the first evidence of the epigenetic mechanism of promoter methylation in transcriptional regulation of UII expression in a tissue-specific manner, and Hoxd4 may also participate in UII gene transcription in flounder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huafeng Zou
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education (Shanghai Ocean University), Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources (Shanghai Ocean University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Zhaohui Lan
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education (Shanghai Ocean University), Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources (Shanghai Ocean University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Mo Zhou
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education (Shanghai Ocean University), Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Weiqun Lu
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education (Shanghai Ocean University), Shanghai 201306, China; Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources (Shanghai Ocean University), Ministry of Education, Shanghai 201306, China; International Research Center for Marine Biosciences at Shanghai Ocean University, Ministry of Science and Technology, Shanghai 201306, China.
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12
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Williams TA, Bergstrome JC, Scott J, Bernier NJ. CRF and urocortin 3 protect the heart from hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced apoptosis in zebrafish. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2017; 313:R91-R100. [PMID: 28539353 PMCID: PMC5582954 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00045.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Fish routinely experience environmental hypoxia and have evolved various strategies to tolerate this challenge. Given the key role of the CRF system in coordinating the response to stressors and its cardioprotective actions against ischemia in mammals, we sought to characterize the cardiac CRF system in zebrafish and its role in hypoxia tolerance. We established that all genes of the CRF system, the ligands CRFa, CRFb, urotensin 1 (UTS1), and urocortin 3 (UCN3); the two receptor subtypes (CRFR1 and CRFR2); and the binding protein (CRFBP) are expressed in the heart of zebrafish: crfr1 > crfr2 = crfbp > crfa > ucn3 > crfb > uts1 In vivo, exposure to 5% O2 saturation for 15 min and 90 min of recovery resulted in four- to five-fold increases in whole heart crfb and ucn3 mRNA levels but did not affect the gene expression of other CRF system components. In vitro, as assessed by monitoring caspase 3 activity and the number of terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling-positive cells, pretreatment of excised whole hearts with CRF or UCN3 for 30 min prevented the increase in apoptosis associated with exposure to 1% O2 saturation for 30 min with a 24-h recovery. Lastly, the addition of the nonselective CRF receptor antagonist αh-CRF(9-41) prevented the cytoprotective effects of CRF. We show that the CRF system is expressed in fish heart, is upregulated by hypoxia, and is cytoprotective. These findings identify a novel role for the CRF system in fish and a new strategy to tolerate hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tegan A Williams
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jillian C Bergstrome
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Juliana Scott
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nicholas J Bernier
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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Hosono K, Yamashita J, Kikuchi Y, Hiraki-Kajiyama T, Okubo K. Three urocortins in medaka: identification and spatial expression in the central nervous system. J Neuroendocrinol 2017; 29. [PMID: 28370873 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 02/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The urocortin (UCN) group of neuropeptides includes urocortin 1/sauvagine/urotensin 1 (UTS1), urocortin 2 (UCN2) and urocortin 3 (UCN3). In recent years, evidence has accumulated showing that UCNs play pivotal roles in mediating stress response and anxiety in mammals. Evidence has also emerged regarding the evolutionary conservation of UCNs in vertebrates, but very little information is available about UCNs in non-mammalian vertebrates. Indeed, at present, there are no reports of the empirical identification of ucn2 in non-mammalian vertebrates or of the distribution of ucn2 and ucn3 expression in the adult central nervous system (CNS) of these animals. To gain insight into the evolutionary nature of UCNs in vertebrates, we cloned uts1, ucn2 and ucn3 in a teleost fish, medaka and examined the spatial expression of these genes in the adult brain and spinal cord. Although all known UCN2 genes except those in rodents have been reported to likely lack the necessary structural features to produce a functional pre-pro-protein, all three UCN genes in medaka, including ucn2, displayed all of these features, suggesting their functionality. The three UCN genes exhibited distinct spatial expression patterns in the medaka brain: uts1 was primarily expressed in broad regions of the dorsal telencephalon, ucn2 was expressed in restricted regions of the thalamus and brainstem and ucn3 was expressed in discrete nuclei throughout many regions of the brain. We also found that these genes were all expressed throughout the medaka spinal cord, each with a distinct spatial pattern. Given that many of these regions have been implicated in stress responses and anxiety, the three UCNs may serve distinct physiological roles in the medaka CNS, including those involved in stress and anxiety, as shown in the mammalian CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Hosono
- Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - J Yamashita
- Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y Kikuchi
- Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T Hiraki-Kajiyama
- Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
- RIKEN Brain Science Institute, Wako, Saitama, Japan
| | - K Okubo
- Department of Aquatic Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Vanegas G, Leprince J, Lancien F, Mimassi N, Vaudry H, Le Mével JC. Divergent cardio-ventilatory and locomotor effects of centrally and peripherally administered urotensin II and urotensin II-related peptides in trout. Front Neurosci 2015; 9:142. [PMID: 25954149 PMCID: PMC4406059 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The urotensin II (UII) gene family consists of four paralogous genes called UII, UII-related peptide (URP), URP1 and URP2. UII and URP peptides exhibit the same cyclic hexapeptide core sequence (CFWKYC) while the N- and C-terminal regions are variable. UII, URP1, and URP2 mRNAs are differentially expressed within the central nervous system of teleost fishes, suggesting that they may exert distinct functions. Although the cardiovascular, ventilatory and locomotor effects of UII have been described in teleosts, much less is known regarding the physiological actions of URPs. The goal of the present study was to compare the central and peripheral actions of picomolar doses (5-500 pmol) of trout UII, URP1, and URP2 on cardio-ventilatory variables and locomotor activity in the unanesthetized trout. Compared to vehicle, intracerebroventricular injection of UII, URP1 and URP2 evoked a gradual increase in total ventilation (V TOT) reaching statistical significance for doses of 50 and 500 pmol of UII and URP1 but for only 500 pmol of URP2. In addition, UII, URP1 and URP2 provoked an elevation of dorsal aortic blood pressure (P DA) accompanied with tachycardia. All peptides caused an increase in locomotor activity (A CT), at a threshold dose of 5 pmol for UII and URP1, and 50 pmol for URP2. After intra-arterial (IA) injection, and in contrast to their central effects, only the highest dose of UII and URP1 significantly elevated V TOT and A CT. UII produced a dose-dependent hypertensive effect with concomitant bradycardia while URP1 increased P DA and heart rate after injection of only the highest dose of peptide. URP2 did not evoke any cardio-ventilatory or locomotor effect after IA injection. Collectively, these findings support the hypothesis that endogenous UII, URP1 and URP2 in the trout brain may act as neurotransmitters and/or neuromodulators acting synergistically or differentially to control the cardio-respiratory and locomotor systems. In the periphery, the only physiological actions of these peptides might be those related to the well-known cardiovascular regulatory actions of UII. It remains to determine whether the observed divergent physiological effects of UII and URPs are due to differential interaction with the UT receptor or binding to distinct UT subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilmer Vanegas
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR1101, Laboratoire de Neurophysiologie, SFR ScInBioS, Université de Brest Brest, France
| | - Jérôme Leprince
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U982, UA Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Différenciation et Communication Neuronale et Neuroendocrine, Université de Rouen Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Frédéric Lancien
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR1101, Laboratoire de Neurophysiologie, SFR ScInBioS, Université de Brest Brest, France
| | - Nagi Mimassi
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR1101, Laboratoire de Neurophysiologie, SFR ScInBioS, Université de Brest Brest, France
| | - Hubert Vaudry
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U982, UA Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Différenciation et Communication Neuronale et Neuroendocrine, Université de Rouen Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Jean-Claude Le Mével
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale UMR1101, Laboratoire de Neurophysiologie, SFR ScInBioS, Université de Brest Brest, France
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Quan FB, Dubessy C, Galant S, Kenigfest NB, Djenoune L, Leprince J, Wyart C, Lihrmann I, Tostivint H. Comparative distribution and in vitro activities of the urotensin II-related peptides URP1 and URP2 in zebrafish: evidence for their colocalization in spinal cerebrospinal fluid-contacting neurons. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119290. [PMID: 25781313 PMCID: PMC4364556 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Urotensin II (UII) is an evolutionarily conserved neuropeptide initially isolated from teleost fish on the basis of its smooth muscle-contracting activity. Subsequent studies have demonstrated the occurrence of several UII-related peptides (URPs), such that the UII family is now known to include four paralogue genes called UII, URP, URP1 and URP2. These genes probably arose through the two rounds of whole genome duplication that occurred during early vertebrate evolution. URP has been identified both in tetrapods and teleosts. In contrast, URP1 and URP2 have only been observed in ray-finned and cartilaginous fishes, suggesting that both genes were lost in the tetrapod lineage. In the present study, the distribution of urp1 mRNA compared to urp2 mRNA is reported in the central nervous system of zebrafish. In the spinal cord, urp1 and urp2 mRNAs were mainly colocalized in the same cells. These cells were also shown to be GABAergic and express the gene encoding the polycystic kidney disease 2-like 1 (pkd2l1) channel, indicating that they likely correspond to cerebrospinal fluid-contacting neurons. In the hindbrain, urp1-expressing cells were found in the intermediate reticular formation and the glossopharyngeal-vagal motor nerve nuclei. We also showed that synthetic URP1 and URP2 were able to induce intracellular calcium mobilization in human UII receptor (hUT)-transfected CHO cells with similar potencies (pEC50=7.99 and 7.52, respectively) albeit at slightly lower potencies than human UII and mammalian URP (pEC50=9.44 and 8.61, respectively). The functional redundancy of URP1 and URP2 as well as the colocalization of their mRNAs in the spinal cord suggest the robustness of this peptidic system and its physiological importance in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng B. Quan
- Evolution des Régulations Endocriniennes, UMR 7221 CNRS, and Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Dubessy
- Inserm, U982, University of Rouen, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
- Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), University of Rouen, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
- Normandy University, University of Rouen, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Sonya Galant
- Laboratoire de Neurobiologie et Développement, CNRS UPR 3294, Institut Alfred Fessard, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Natalia B. Kenigfest
- Evolution des Régulations Endocriniennes, UMR 7221 CNRS, and Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
- Laboratory of Evolution of Neuronal Interactions, Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Lydia Djenoune
- Evolution des Régulations Endocriniennes, UMR 7221 CNRS, and Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Inserm U 1127, CNRS, UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Leprince
- Inserm, U982, University of Rouen, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
- Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), University of Rouen, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
- Normandy University, University of Rouen, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Claire Wyart
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Inserm U 1127, CNRS, UMR 7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University Paris 06 UMR S 1127, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Lihrmann
- Inserm, U982, University of Rouen, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
- Laboratory of Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication, Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), University of Rouen, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
- Normandy University, University of Rouen, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Hervé Tostivint
- Evolution des Régulations Endocriniennes, UMR 7221 CNRS, and Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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16
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Generation of BAC transgenic tadpoles enabling live imaging of motoneurons by using the urotensin II-related peptide (ust2b) gene as a driver. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117370. [PMID: 25658845 PMCID: PMC4319907 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Xenopus is an excellent tetrapod model for studying normal and pathological motoneuron ontogeny due to its developmental morpho-physiological advantages. In mammals, the urotensin II-related peptide (UTS2B) gene is primarily expressed in motoneurons of the brainstem and the spinal cord. Here, we show that this expression pattern was conserved in Xenopus and established during the early embryonic development, starting at the early tailbud stage. In late tadpole stage, uts2b mRNA was detected both in the hindbrain and in the spinal cord. Spinal uts2b+ cells were identified as axial motoneurons. In adult, however, the uts2b expression was only detected in the hindbrain. We assessed the ability of the uts2b promoter to drive the expression of a fluorescent reporter in motoneurons by recombineering a green fluorescent protein (GFP) into a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clone containing the entire X. tropicalis uts2b locus. After injection of this construction in one-cell stage embryos, a transient GFP expression was observed in the spinal cord of about a quarter of the resulting animals from the early tailbud stage and up to juveniles. The GFP expression pattern was globally consistent with that of the endogenous uts2b in the spinal cord but no fluorescence was observed in the brainstem. A combination of histological and electrophysiological approaches was employed to further characterize the GFP+ cells in the larvae. More than 98% of the GFP+ cells expressed choline acetyltransferase, while their projections were co-localized with α-bungarotoxin labeling. When tail myotomes were injected with rhodamine dextran amine crystals, numerous double-stained GFP+ cells were observed. In addition, intracellular electrophysiological recordings of GFP+ neurons revealed locomotion-related rhythmic discharge patterns during fictive swimming. Taken together our results provide evidence that uts2b is an appropriate driver to express reporter genes in larval motoneurons of the Xenopus spinal cord.
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Luo L, Chen A, Hu C, Lu W. Dynamic expression pattern of corticotropin-releasing hormone, urotensin I and II genes under acute salinity and temperature challenge during early development of zebrafish. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2014; 40:1877-1886. [PMID: 25154920 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-014-9975-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 08/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), urotensin I (UI) and urotensin II (UII) are found throughout vertebrate species from fish to human. To further understand the role of crh, uI and uII in teleosts during development, we investigated the expression pattern of crh, uI, uIIα and uIIβ genes, and their response to acute salinity and temperature challenge during early development of zebrafish, Danio rerio. The results reveal that crh, uI, uIIα and uIIβ mRNA are detected from 0hpf, and the expression levels increase to a maximum at 6 days post fertilization (dpf), with the exception of uIIα that peak at 5dpf. Exposure of zebrafish embryos and larvae to acute osmotic (30ppt) stress for 15 min failed to modify expression levels of crh, uI, uIIα and uIIβ mRNA from levels in control fish except at 6dpf when uIIα and uIIβ were significantly (P < 0.05) modified. Exposure of embryos and larvae to a cold (18 °C) or hot stress (38 °C) generally down-regulated mRNA levels of crh, uI, uIIα and uIIβ apart from at 3dpf. The results indicate that the contribution of crh, uI, uIIα and uIIβ genes to the stress response in zebrafish may be stressor-specific during early development. Overall, the results from this study provide a basis for further research into the developmental and stressor-specific function of crh, uI, uIIα and uIIβ in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Luo
- Key Laboratory of Exploration and Utilization of Aquatic Genetic Resources, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
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18
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Tostivint H, Ocampo Daza D, Bergqvist CA, Quan FB, Bougerol M, Lihrmann I, Larhammar D. Molecular evolution of GPCRs: Somatostatin/urotensin II receptors. J Mol Endocrinol 2014; 52:T61-86. [PMID: 24740737 DOI: 10.1530/jme-13-0274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Somatostatin (SS) and urotensin II (UII) are members of two families of structurally related neuropeptides present in all vertebrates. They exert a large array of biological activities that are mediated by two families of G-protein-coupled receptors called SSTR and UTS2R respectively. It is proposed that the two families of peptides as well as those of their receptors probably derive from a single ancestral ligand-receptor pair. This pair had already been duplicated before the emergence of vertebrates to generate one SS peptide with two receptors and one UII peptide with one receptor. Thereafter, each family expanded in the three whole-genome duplications (1R, 2R, and 3R) that occurred during the evolution of vertebrates, whereupon some local duplications and gene losses occurred. Following the 2R event, the vertebrate ancestor is deduced to have possessed three SS (SS1, SS2, and SS5) and six SSTR (SSTR1-6) genes, on the one hand, and four UII (UII, URP, URP1, and URP2) and five UTS2R (UTS2R1-5) genes, on the other hand. In the teleost lineage, all these have been preserved with the exception of SSTR4. Moreover, several additional genes have been gained through the 3R event, such as SS4 and a second copy of the UII, SSTR2, SSTR3, and SSTR5 genes, and through local duplications, such as SS3. In mammals, all the genes of the SSTR family have been preserved, with the exception of SSTR6. In contrast, for the other families, extensive gene losses occurred, as only the SS1, SS2, UII, and URP genes and one UTS2R gene are still present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hervé Tostivint
- Evolution des Régulations EndocriniennesUMR 7221 CNRS and Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, FranceDepartment of NeuroscienceScience for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SwedenInserm U982Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication Laboratory, Institute for Research and Innovation (IRIB), Rouen University, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Daniel Ocampo Daza
- Evolution des Régulations EndocriniennesUMR 7221 CNRS and Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, FranceDepartment of NeuroscienceScience for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SwedenInserm U982Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication Laboratory, Institute for Research and Innovation (IRIB), Rouen University, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Christina A Bergqvist
- Evolution des Régulations EndocriniennesUMR 7221 CNRS and Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, FranceDepartment of NeuroscienceScience for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SwedenInserm U982Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication Laboratory, Institute for Research and Innovation (IRIB), Rouen University, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Feng B Quan
- Evolution des Régulations EndocriniennesUMR 7221 CNRS and Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, FranceDepartment of NeuroscienceScience for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SwedenInserm U982Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication Laboratory, Institute for Research and Innovation (IRIB), Rouen University, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Marion Bougerol
- Evolution des Régulations EndocriniennesUMR 7221 CNRS and Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, FranceDepartment of NeuroscienceScience for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SwedenInserm U982Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication Laboratory, Institute for Research and Innovation (IRIB), Rouen University, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Isabelle Lihrmann
- Evolution des Régulations EndocriniennesUMR 7221 CNRS and Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, FranceDepartment of NeuroscienceScience for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SwedenInserm U982Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication Laboratory, Institute for Research and Innovation (IRIB), Rouen University, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
| | - Dan Larhammar
- Evolution des Régulations EndocriniennesUMR 7221 CNRS and Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, FranceDepartment of NeuroscienceScience for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, Uppsala, SwedenInserm U982Neuronal and Neuroendocrine Differentiation and Communication Laboratory, Institute for Research and Innovation (IRIB), Rouen University, Mont-Saint-Aignan, France
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Kenigfest NB, Tostivint H, Quan FB, Belekhova MG, Vesselkin NP. Sources of parvalbumine innervation of the thalamic center of the tectofugal visual pathway in turtles. DOKLADY BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES : PROCEEDINGS OF THE ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE USSR, BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES SECTIONS 2014; 453:329-32. [PMID: 24385162 DOI: 10.1134/s0012496613060045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N B Kenigfest
- Sechenov Institute of Evolutionary Physiology and Biochemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 194223, Russia
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Tostivint H, Quan FB, Bougerol M, Kenigfest NB, Lihrmann I. Impact of gene/genome duplications on the evolution of the urotensin II and somatostatin families. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2013; 188:110-7. [PMID: 23313073 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2012.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Revised: 12/22/2012] [Accepted: 12/26/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The present review describes the molecular evolution of two phylogenetically related families of neuropeptides, the urotensin II (UII) and somatatostatin (SS) families. The UII family consists of four paralogous genes called UII, URP, URP1 and URP2 and the SS family is composed of six paralogous genes named SS1, SS2, SS3, SS4, SS5 and SS6. All these paralogs are present in teleosts, while only four of them, UII, URP, SS1 and SS2 are detected in tetrapods. Comparative genomics showed that most of these genes, namely UII, URP, URP1 and URP2 on the one hand and SS1, SS2 and SS5 on the other hand arose through the 2R. In contrast, the teleost-specific 3R had a much more moderate impact since it only concerned the UII and SS1 genes, which once duplicated, generated a second UII copy and SS4, respectively. The two remaining genes, SS3 and SS6, arose through tandem duplications of the SS1 and SS2 genes respectively, probably in the stem lineage of actinopterygians, before the emergence of teleosts. The history of the UII and SS families has also been marked by massive gene lost, both in tetrapods and in teleosts, but only after the 3R in this latter lineage. Finally, ancestral UII and SS genes are thought to have arisen through tandem duplication of a single ancestral gene, largely before the 1R. An important challenge for the future will be to understand the physiological significance of the molecular diversity of these two families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hervé Tostivint
- Evolution des Régulations Endocriniennes, UMR 7221 CNRS and Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France.
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Quan FB, Bougerol M, Rigour F, Kenigfest NB, Tostivint H. Characterization of the true ortholog of the urotensin II-related peptide (URP) gene in teleosts. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2012; 177:205-12. [PMID: 22433941 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2012.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2011] [Revised: 02/25/2012] [Accepted: 02/28/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
It has been recently established that the urotensin II (UII) family consists of four distinct paralogs in bony vertebrates, namely UII, and the three UII-related peptides (URPs) called URP, URP1 and URP2. These four peptides are encoded by genes which arose from the two rounds of tetraploidization (2R) which took place early during vertebrate evolution. Up to now, three of them, UII, URP1 and URP2, have been identified in teleosts, while only two, UII and URP, have been reported in tetrapods. The fact that fish URP has not been found in previous studies led to the suggestion that the corresponding gene had been lost in the teleost lineage. In the present study, we show that this view is not correct. A search of the most recent release of the Ensembl genome database led us to identify a novel UII/URP-like gene in teleosts. Using synteny analysis, we demonstrate that this gene corresponds to the true ortholog of the tetrapod URP gene. Molecular cloning of the corresponding cDNA in medaka revealed that URP gene encodes a putative peptide, with the primary structure GEPCFWKYCV. In stickleback, tilapia and takifugu, URP exhibited the same sequence while, in tetraodon, it differed by only one amino acid substitution Gly ↔ Ser. In zebrafish, URP appeared totally divergent at its N-terminus with the structure DDTCFWKYCV. In conclusion, the occurrence of a true URP in teleosts shows that the quartet of UII-related genes which arose from 2R has been integrally preserved in this lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng B Quan
- UMR 7221 CNRS/MNHN Evolution des Régulations Endocriniennes, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, 75231 Paris, France
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22
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Le Mével JC, Lancien F, Mimassi N, Conlon JM. Brain neuropeptides in central ventilatory and cardiovascular regulation in trout. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2012; 3:124. [PMID: 23115556 PMCID: PMC3483629 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2012.00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Many neuropeptides and their G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) are present within the brain area involved in ventilatory and cardiovascular regulation but only a few mammalian studies have focused on the integrative physiological actions of neuropeptides on these vital cardio-respiratory regulations. Because both the central neuroanatomical substrates that govern motor ventilatory and cardiovascular output and the primary sequence of regulatory peptides and their receptors have been mostly conserved through evolution, we have developed a trout model to study the central action of native neuropeptides on cardio-ventilatory regulation. In the present review, we summarize the most recent results obtained using this non-mammalian model with a focus on PACAP, VIP, tachykinins, CRF, urotensin-1, CGRP, angiotensin-related peptides, urotensin-II, NPY, and PYY. We propose hypotheses regarding the physiological relevance of the results obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Claude Le Mével
- INSERM UMR 1101, Laboratoire de Traitement de l'Information Médicale, Laboratoire de Neurophysiologie, SFR ScInBioS, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université Européenne de Bretagne, Université de Brest, CHU de BrestBrest, France
- *Correspondence: Jean-Claude Le Mével, INSERM UMR 1101, Laboratoire de Traitement de l'Information Médicale, Laboratoire de Neurophysiologie, SFR ScInBioS, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université Européenne de Bretagne, Université de Brest, CHU de Brest, 22 avenue Camille Desmoulins, CS 93837, 29238 Brest Cedex 3, France. e-mail:
| | - Frédéric Lancien
- INSERM UMR 1101, Laboratoire de Traitement de l'Information Médicale, Laboratoire de Neurophysiologie, SFR ScInBioS, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université Européenne de Bretagne, Université de Brest, CHU de BrestBrest, France
| | - Nagi Mimassi
- INSERM UMR 1101, Laboratoire de Traitement de l'Information Médicale, Laboratoire de Neurophysiologie, SFR ScInBioS, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université Européenne de Bretagne, Université de Brest, CHU de BrestBrest, France
| | - J. Michael Conlon
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates UniversityAl Ain, United Arab Emirates
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Parmentier C, Hameury E, Dubessy C, Quan FB, Habert D, Calas A, Vaudry H, Lihrmann I, Tostivint H. Occurrence of two distinct urotensin II-related peptides in zebrafish provides new insight into the evolutionary history of the urotensin II gene family. Endocrinology 2011; 152:2330-41. [PMID: 21447629 DOI: 10.1210/en.2010-1500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The urotensin II (UII) family is currently known to consist of two paralogous peptides, namely UII and UII-related peptide (URP). In contrast to UII, which has been identified in all vertebrate classes so far, URP has only been characterized in tetrapods. We report here the occurrence of two distinct URP genes in teleosts, which we have named URP1 and URP2. Synteny analysis revealed that teleost URP1 and URP2 genes and tetrapod URP genes represent three distinct paralog genes that, together with the UII gene, probably arose from the two rounds of tetraploidization, which took place early in vertebrate evolution. The absence of URP in fish indicates that the corresponding gene has been lost in the teleost lineage, whereas it is likely that both the URP1 and URP2 genes have been lost in the tetrapod lineage. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis revealed that the URP2 gene is mainly expressed in the spinal cord and the brain in adult zebrafish. In situ hybridization experiments showed that in zebrafish embryos, URP2 mRNA-containing cells are located in the floor plate of the neural tube. In adult, URP2-expressing cells occur in close contact with the ventral side of the ependymal canal along the whole spinal cord, whereas in the brain, they are located below the fourth ventricle. These URP-expressing cells may correspond to cerebrospinal fluid-contacting neurons. In conclusion, our study reveals the occurrence of four distinct UII paralogous systems in vertebrates that may exert distinct functions, both in tetrapods and teleosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Parmentier
- Unité Mixte de Recherche 7221, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique/Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Evolution des Régulations Endocriniennes, MNHN, 7 Rue Cuvier, 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France
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Fuzzen MLM, Alderman SL, Bristow EN, Bernier NJ. Ontogeny of the corticotropin-releasing factor system in rainbow trout and differential effects of hypoxia on the endocrine and cellular stress responses during development. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2011; 170:604-12. [PMID: 21130089 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2010.11.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2010] [Revised: 11/23/2010] [Accepted: 11/24/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
To further our understanding of the development of the stress axis and the responsiveness of embryonic and larval fish to environmental stressors, this study examined the ontogeny of whole-body cortisol levels and of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) system in rainbow trout, as well as the endocrine and cellular stress responses to hypoxia. After depletion of a maternal deposit, de novo synthesis of cortisol increased exponentially between the 'eyed' stage and first feeding. Whole body CRF mRNA levels dominated over those of the related peptide urotensin I (UI) from hatch through complete yolk sac absorption. The mRNA levels of CRF-binding protein (CRF-BP) closely paralleled those of CRF and UI throughout ontogeny except at first feeding when an increase in CRF gene expression was not matched by change in CRF-BP transcript abundance. In the hypoxia challenge, fish were exposed to 15% O(2) saturation for either 90 min or 24h at three key developmental stages: hatch, swim up and first feeding. While the embryos were unaffected, chronic hypoxia elicited a transient 2-fold increase in whole-body cortisol levels in the larval stages. The hypoxia challenge also generally suppressed the mRNA levels of CRF and CRF-BP, had no effect on the expression of UI, but had a marked stimulatory effect on heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) gene expression. Taken together, these results suggest a role for the CRF system in the ontogenic regulation of corticosteroidogenesis and show that hypoxia has developmental stage-specific effects on the endocrine and cellular stress responses in rainbow trout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan L M Fuzzen
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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Singh R, Rai U. Immunomodulatory role of urotensins in teleost Channa punctatus. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2011; 170:613-21. [PMID: 21130092 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2010.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2010] [Revised: 11/07/2010] [Accepted: 11/25/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The present study, for the first time in ectothermic vertebrates, reports the immunoregulatory role of urotensins I and II (UI and UII). Urotensins decreased the phagocytosis and nitrite production by splenic phagocytes. On superoxide production, UI had stimulatory while UII showed inhibitory effect. UI exerted its effect on phagocytes through corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF) receptor as its non-specific antagonist astressin completely blocked the effect of UI on phagocytosis, nitrite release and superoxide production. Among the antagonists for specific CRF receptor 1 and 2, only CRF receptor 1 antagonist NBI 27914 abolished the effect of urotensin I. On the other hand, UII mediated its effect through urotensin receptor (UT receptor) since its antagonist urantide antagonized the effect of UII on phagocytosis, superoxide and nitrite release. These findings provide the direct evidence on physiological role of UI and UII through CRF receptor 1 and UT receptor, respectively in control of fish immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev Singh
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi 110 007, India
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Bräutigam L, Hillmer JM, Söll I, Hauptmann G. Localized expression of urocortin genes in the developing zebrafish brain. J Comp Neurol 2010; 518:2978-95. [PMID: 20533356 DOI: 10.1002/cne.22375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) family consists of four paralogous genes, CRH and urocortins (UCNs) 1, 2, and 3. In a previous study, we analyzed CRH in the teleost model organism zebrafish and its transcript distribution in the embryonic brain. Here, we describe full-length cDNAs encoding urotensin 1 (UTS1), the teleost UCN1 ortholog, and UCN3 of zebrafish. Major expression sites of uts1 in adult zebrafish are the caudal neurosecretory system and brain. By using RT-PCR analysis, we show that uts1 mRNA is also present in ovary, maternally contributed to the embryo, and expressed throughout embryonic development. Expression of ucn3 mRNA was detected in a range of adult tissues and during developmental stages from 24 hours post fertilization onward. Analysis of spatial transcript distributions by whole-mount in situ hybridization revealed limited forebrain expression of uts1 and ucn3 during early development. Small numbers of uts1-synthesizing neurons were found in subpallium, hypothalamus, and posterior diencephalon, whereas ucn3-positive cells were restricted to telencephalon and retina. The brainstem was the main site of uts1 and ucn3 synthesis in the embryonic brain. uts1 Expression was confined to the midbrain tegmentum; distinct hindbrain cell groups, including locus coeruleus and Mauthner neurons; and the spinal cord. ucn3 Expression was localized to the optic tectum, serotonergic raphe, and distinct rhombomeric cell clusters. The prominent expression of uts1 and ucn3 in brainstem is consistent with proposed roles of CRH-related peptides in stress-induced modulation of locomotor activity through monoaminergic brainstem neuromodulatory systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Bräutigam
- Department of Biosciences and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, S-14157 Huddinge, Sweden
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Calas A. [Endocrine neurons and neurotransmission: 40 years of cytochemical studies]. ANNALES PHARMACEUTIQUES FRANÇAISES 2010; 68:27-35. [PMID: 20176160 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharma.2009.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2009] [Revised: 11/20/2009] [Accepted: 11/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Conceptual advances about chemical neurotransmission during the last 40 years have benefited a lot from histocytochemical approaches and from a particular experimental model, the endocrine hypothalamic neurons. New concepts like cotransmission, neuronal versatility, somatodendritic release of neurotransmitters, volume transmission, differential routing or cooperative synthesis of mediators, have often been issued from this set of methodologies and from their application to neurosecretory neurons. This review, mainly based on the results of our group, is aiming at illustrating how the peculiar metabolism of these neurons and their location at the neuro-endocrine interface have allowed discovering new aspects of neurotransmission, first considered as exceptions but then generalized to the whole nervous system. These new concepts shed lights on the normal functioning of the brain and definitely contribute to diversify pharmacological approaches of pathological neurotransmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Calas
- Inserm U 862, neurocentre Magendie, 33077 Bordeaux cedex, France.
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