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Kraemer WJ, Caldwell LK, Post EM, Beeler MK, Dickerson RM, Kennett MJ, Volek JS, Maresh CM, Hymer WC. Recovery using "float" from high intensity stress on growth hormone-like molecules in resistance trained men. Growth Horm IGF Res 2020; 55:101355. [PMID: 33032163 DOI: 10.1016/j.ghir.2020.101355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of a novel "floatation-restricted environmental stimulation therapy" (floatation-REST) on growth hormone responses to an intense resistance exercise stress. DESIGN Nine resistance trained men (age: 23.4 ± 2.5 yrs.; height: 175.3 ± 5.4 cm; body mass: 85.3 ± 7.9 kg) completed a balanced, crossover-controlled study design with two identical exercise trials, differing only in post-exercise recovery intervention (i.e., control or floatation-REST). A two-week washout period was used between experimental conditions. Plasma lactate was measured pre-exercise, immediately post-exercise and after the 1 h. recovery interventions. Plasma iGH was measured pre-exercise, immediately-post exercise, and after the recovery intervention, as well as 24 h and 48 h after the exercise test. The bGH-L was measured only at pre-exercise and following each recovery intervention. RESULTS For both experimental conditions, a significant (P ≤ 0.05) increase in lactate concentrations were observed immediately post-exercise (~14 mmol • L-1) and remained slightly elevated after the recovery condition. The same pattern of responses was observed for iGH with no differences from resting values at 24 and 48 h of recovery. The bGH-L showed no exercise-induced changes following recovery with either treatment condition, however concentration values were dramatically lower than ever reported. CONCLUSION The use of floatation-REST therapy immediately following intense resistance exercise does not appear to influence anterior pituitary function in highly resistance trained men. However, the lower values of bGH suggest dramatically different molecular processing mechanisms at work in this highly trained population.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Kraemer
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States of America.
| | - Lydia K Caldwell
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States of America
| | - Emily M Post
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States of America
| | - Matthew K Beeler
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States of America
| | - Ryan M Dickerson
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States of America
| | - Mary J Kennett
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States of America
| | - Jeff S Volek
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States of America
| | - Carl M Maresh
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, United States of America
| | - Wesley C Hymer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, United States of America
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Magoffin RD, Parcell AC, Hyldahl RD, Fellingham GW, Hopkins JT, Feland JB. Whole-Body Vibration as a Warm-up Before Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage on Symptoms of Delayed-Onset Muscle Soreness in Trained Subjects. J Strength Cond Res 2020; 34:1123-1132. [PMID: 30399118 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Magoffin, RD, Parcell, AC, Hyldahl, RD, Fellingham, GW, Hopkins, JT, and Feland, JB. Whole-body vibration as a warm-up before exercise-induced muscle damage on symptoms of delayed-onset muscle soreness in trained subjects. J Strength Cond Res 34(4): 1123-1132, 2020-There is no clear scientific evidence that whole-body vibration (WBV) used as a warm-up before performing eccentric exercise mitigates delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS) and speeds strength loss recovery. These benefits were observed primarily in nonresistance-trained individuals. The aim of this study was to determine whether WBV could mitigate soreness and expedite strength recovery for resistance-trained individuals when used as a warm-up before eccentric exercise. Thirty resistance-trained males completed 300 maximal eccentric contractions of the quadriceps after warming up with (WBV) or without (CON) WBV. Both CON and WBV experienced significant isometric (26.3 and 30.2%, respectively) and dynamic (50.9 and 46.4%, respectively) strength loss immediately after exercise. Isometric strength was significantly depressed after 24 hours in the CON group (8.2% p < 0.02), but not in the WBV group (5.9% p = 0.7). Isometric strength was no longer significantly depressed after 48 hours in the CON group (6.1% p < 0.07) or the WBV group (4.1% p = 0.20). Dynamic strength was significantly decreased in both the CON and WBV groups at 24 hours (17.7% p < 0.001 and 15.5% p < 0.001, respectively) and 48 hours (17.1% p < 0.01 and 13.6% p < 0.002), but only significant for the CON at 1 week after exercise (8.6% p = 0.05). Pain as measured by a visual analog scale was significant in both groups at 24 and 48 hours after exercise, but WBV experienced significantly less soreness than the CON group after 24 hours (28 vs. 46 mm p < 0.01, respectively) and 48 hours (38 vs. 50 mm p < 0.01). Pain pressure threshold increased significantly in both groups, but there was no difference between groups. These results suggest the use of WBV before eccentric exercise mildly mitigates DOMS in trained individuals. Application of WBV can function as a quick mode of warm-up before resistance training and can decrease pain perception from DOMS. This may be beneficial to athletes undergoing a heavy strength training phase where DOMS is likely.
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Kudsi SQ, Antoniazzi CTDD, Camponogara C, Brum EDS, Brusco I, Peres DS, Fischer SPM, Dalenogare DP, Stein CDS, Zaccaron RP, Silveira PCL, Moresco RN, Oliveira SM, Trevisan G. Characterisation of nociception and inflammation observed in a traumatic muscle injury model in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 883:173284. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Barcelos RP, Bresciani G, Cuevas MJ, Martínez-Flórez S, Soares FAA, González-Gallego J. Diclofenac pretreatment modulates exercise-induced inflammation in skeletal muscle of rats through the TLR4/NF-κB pathway. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2017; 42:757-764. [DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2016-0593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, such as diclofenac, are widely used to treat inflammation and pain in several conditions, including sports injuries. This study analyzes the influence of diclofenac on the toll-like receptor-nuclear factor kappa B (TLR-NF-κB) pathway in skeletal muscle of rats submitted to acute eccentric exercise. Twenty male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups: control-saline, control-diclofenac, exercise-saline, and exercise-diclofenac. Diclofenac or saline were administered for 7 days prior to an acute eccentric exercise bout. The inflammatory status was evaluated through mRNA levels of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-1β, and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), and protein content of COX-2, IL-6, and TNF-α in vastus lateralis muscle. Data obtained showed that a single bout of eccentric exercise significantly increased COX-2 gene expression. Similarly, mRNA expression and protein content of other inflammation-related genes also increased after the acute exercise. However, these effects were attenuated in the exercise + diclofenac group. TLR4, myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88), and p65 were also upregulated after the acute eccentric bout and the effect was blunted by the anti-inflammatory drug. These findings suggest that pretreatment with diclofenac may represent an effective tool to ameliorate the pro-inflammatory status induced by acute exercise in rat skeletal muscle possibly through an attenuation of the TLR4-NF-κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rômulo Pillon Barcelos
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Bioexperimentação, Universidade de Passo Fundo, RS, 99052-900, Brazil
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of León, Campus Universitario, 24071 León, Spain
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900 Brazil
| | - Guilherme Bresciani
- Grupo de Investigación en Rendimiento Físico y Salud Escuela de Educación Física, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaiso, Valparaiso, 2530388 Chile
| | - Maria José Cuevas
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of León, Campus Universitario, 24071 León, Spain
| | | | - Félix Alexandre Antunes Soares
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica Toxicológica, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, 97105-900, Brazil
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DuPont WH, Kraemer WJ, Nindl BC, Lee EC, Fragala MS, Hatfield DL, Caldwell LK, Post EM, Beeler MK, Volek JS, Maresh CM. The effects of different exercise training modalities on plasma proenkephalin Peptide F in women. Peptides 2017; 91:26-32. [PMID: 28263851 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2016] [Revised: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Due to the important interactions of proenkephalin fragments (e.g., proenkephalin [107-140] Peptide F) to enhance activation of immune cells and potentially combat pain associated with exercise-induced muscle tissue damage, we examined the differential plasma responses of Peptide F to different exercise training programs. Participants were tested pre-training (T1), and after 8 weeks (T2) of training. Fifty-nine healthy women were matched and then randomly assigned to one of four groups: heavy resistance strength training (STR, n=18), high intensity endurance training (END, n=14), combined strength and endurance training (CMB, n=17), or control (CON, n=10). Blood was collected using a cannula inserted into a superficial vein in the antecubital fossa with samples collected at rest and immediately after an acute bout of 6 X 10 RM in a squat resistance exercise before training and after training. Prior to any training, no significant differences were observed for any of the groups before or after acute exercise. With training, significant (P≤0.95) elevations were observed with acute exercise in each of the exercise training groups and this effect was significantly greater in the CMB group. These data indicate that in untrained women exercise training will not change resting of plasma Peptide F concentrations unless both forms of exercise are performed but will result in significant increases in the immediate post-exercise responses. Such findings appear to indicate adrenal medullary adaptations opioid production significantly altered with exercise training.
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Affiliation(s)
- William H DuPont
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - William J Kraemer
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.
| | - Bradley C Nindl
- Neuromuscular Research Laboratory/Warrior Human Performance Research Center, Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Elaine C Lee
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, United States
| | | | - Disa L Hatfield
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States
| | - Lydia K Caldwell
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Emily M Post
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Matthew K Beeler
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Jeff S Volek
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Carl M Maresh
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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Urso ML. Anti-inflammatory interventions and skeletal muscle injury: benefit or detriment? J Appl Physiol (1985) 2013; 115:920-8. [DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00036.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Exercise, eccentric contractions, acute trauma, and disease are all causal mechanisms of skeletal muscle injury. After skeletal muscle is injured, it undergoes sequential phases of degeneration, inflammation, regeneration, and fibrosis. Events that occur in response to inflammation trigger regenerative processes. However, since inflammation causes pain, decreases skeletal muscle function, has a negative effect on performance, and contributes to fibrosis, which is one of the leading causes of delayed regeneration, the general practice has been to reduce inflammation. The problem with this approach is that preventing inflammation may hinder recovery. Current treatment options for inflammation are not necessarily effective and, in some cases, they may be unsafe. This review focuses on the question of whether the most beneficial course of treatment should be to block inflammation or if it is sensible to allow inflammatory processes to progress naturally. If blocking inflammation is perceived as a beneficial approach, it is not yet known at what time point during the inflammatory response it is most sensible to interfere. To address these issues, this review evaluates the effects of various anti-inflammatory agents on recovery processes in response to exercise-induced, traumatic, and disease-associated models of skeletal muscle injury. A collective analysis such as this should lay the foundation for future work that systematically manipulates the inflammatory response to most effectively promote regeneration and functional recovery in injured skeletal muscle, while reducing the negative effects of inflammatory processes such as pain and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria L. Urso
- United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Military Performance Division, Natick, Massachusetts
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Jakeman JR, Byrne C, Eston RG. Efficacy of Lower Limb Compression and Combined Treatment of Manual Massage and Lower Limb Compression on Symptoms of Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage in Women. J Strength Cond Res 2010; 24:3157-65. [DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0b013e3181e4f80c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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