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Napolitano T, Silvano S, Vieira A, Balaji S, Garrido-Utrilla A, Friano ME, Atlija J, Collombat P. Role of ghrelin in pancreatic development and function. Diabetes Obes Metab 2018; 20 Suppl 2:3-10. [PMID: 30230184 DOI: 10.1111/dom.13385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ghrelin is a gastric peptide with anabolic functions. It acutely stimulates growth hormone (GH) secretion from the anterior pituitary glands and modulates hypothalamic circuits that control food intake and energy expenditure. Besides its central activity, ghrelin is also involved in the regulation of pancreatic development and physiology. Particularly, several studies highlighted the ability of ghrelin to sustain β-cell viability and proliferation. Furthermore, ghrelin seems to exert inhibitory effects on pancreatic acinar and endocrine secretory functions. Due to its pleiotropic activity on energy metabolism, ghrelin has become a topic of great interest for experimental research focused on type II diabetes and obesity. The aim of this review is to illustrate the complex and not fully understood interplay between ghrelin, pancreas and glucose homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Napolitano
- Inserm, CNRS, iBV, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
- iBV, Institut de Biologie Valrose, Centre de Biochimie, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice Cedex 2, France
| | - Serena Silvano
- Inserm, CNRS, iBV, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
- iBV, Institut de Biologie Valrose, Centre de Biochimie, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice Cedex 2, France
| | - Andhira Vieira
- Inserm, CNRS, iBV, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
- iBV, Institut de Biologie Valrose, Centre de Biochimie, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice Cedex 2, France
| | - Shruti Balaji
- Inserm, CNRS, iBV, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
- iBV, Institut de Biologie Valrose, Centre de Biochimie, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice Cedex 2, France
| | - Anna Garrido-Utrilla
- Inserm, CNRS, iBV, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
- iBV, Institut de Biologie Valrose, Centre de Biochimie, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice Cedex 2, France
| | - Marika E Friano
- Inserm, CNRS, iBV, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
- iBV, Institut de Biologie Valrose, Centre de Biochimie, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice Cedex 2, France
| | - Josipa Atlija
- Inserm, CNRS, iBV, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
- iBV, Institut de Biologie Valrose, Centre de Biochimie, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice Cedex 2, France
| | - Patrick Collombat
- Inserm, CNRS, iBV, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice, France
- iBV, Institut de Biologie Valrose, Centre de Biochimie, University of Nice Sophia Antipolis, Nice Cedex 2, France
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Sacan O, Turkyilmaz IB, Bayrak BB, Mutlu O, Akev N, Yanardag R. Zinc supplementation ameliorates glycoprotein components and oxidative stress changes in the lung of streptozotocin diabetic rats. Biometals 2016; 29:239-48. [DOI: 10.1007/s10534-016-9911-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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Karabulut S, Coskun ZM, Bolkent S. Immunohistochemical, apoptotic and biochemical changes by dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor-sitagliptin in type-2 diabetic rats. Pharmacol Rep 2015; 67:846-53. [PMID: 26398375 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2015.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Revised: 11/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes is a major public health problem that is rapidly increasing in prevalence. In this study, the effects of sitagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, were examined on newborn diabetic rat model. METHODS Wistar albino newborn rats were divided into control (Ctrl), sitagliptin (Sit), diabetic and diabetic+Sit groups. On the second day after the birth, 100mg/kg streptozotocin (STZ) was administered intraperitoneally in a single dose to induce type-2 diabetes in rats. The Sit and diabetic+Sit groups were administered sitagliptin (1.5mg/kg subcutaneous) as of the day 5 for 15 days. The pancreas sections were stained with insulin (INS), glucagon (GLU), somatostatin (SS), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) antibodies by the streptavidin-biotin peroxidase technique. The TUNEL method for apoptosis and biochemical analysis were performed in the pancreas and serum, respectively. RESULTS Body weight and blood glucose levels showed significant differences among all groups on days 11 and 20. In diabetic rats following treatment with sitagliptin, the area percentage of INS immunopositive cells increased while the area percentage of SS immunopositive cells decreased, insignificantly. A significant increase was observed on the area percentage of GLU, GLP-1 and GLP-1R immunopositive cells in the diabetic+Sit group when compared to the diabetic group. The area percentage of apoptotic cells was the same among all groups. While serum glutathione and malondialdehyde levels demonstrated insignificant alterations, the catalase and superoxide dismutase activity significantly changed among four groups. CONCLUSION According to our findings, sitagliptin may be a useful therapeutic agent to a certain extent of type-2 diabetic condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sezin Karabulut
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Cerrahpasa Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Mine Coskun
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Istanbul Bilim University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sema Bolkent
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Cerrahpasa Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.
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Intraportal infusion of ghrelin could inhibit glucose-stimulated GLP-1 secretion by enteric neural net in Wistar rat. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:923564. [PMID: 25247193 PMCID: PMC4160649 DOI: 10.1155/2014/923564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
As a regulator of food intake and energy metabolism, the role of ghrelin in glucose metabolism is still not fully understood. In this study, we determined the in vivo effect of ghrelin on incretin effect. We demonstrated that ghrelin inhibited the glucose-stimulated release of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) when infused into the portal vein of Wistar rat. Hepatic vagotomy diminished the inhibitory effect of ghrelin on glucose-stimulated GLP-1 secretion. In addition, phentolamine, a nonselective α receptor antagonist, could recover the decrease of GLP-1 release induced by ghrelin infusion. Pralmorelin (an artificial growth hormone release peptide) infusion into the portal vein could also inhibit the glucose-stimulated release of GLP-1. And growth hormone secretagogue receptor antagonist, [D-lys3]-GHRP-6, infusion showed comparable increases of glucose stimulated GLP-1 release compared to ghrelin infusion into the portal vein. The data showed that intraportal infusion of ghrelin exerted an inhibitory effect on GLP-1 secretion through growth hormone secretagogue receptor 1α (GHS1α receptor), which indicated that the downregulation of ghrelin secretion after food intake was necessary for incretin effect. Furthermore, our results suggested that the enteric neural net involved hepatic vagal nerve and sympathetic nerve mediated inhibition effect of ghrelin on incretin effect.
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Wattez JS, Ravallec R, Cudennec B, Knauf C, Dhulster P, Valet P, Breton C, Vieau D, Lesage J. Apelin stimulates both cholecystokinin and glucagon-like peptide 1 secretions in vitro and in vivo in rodents. Peptides 2013; 48:134-6. [PMID: 23954476 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2013.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Revised: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 08/01/2013] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Apelin is an enteric peptide that exerts several digestive functions such as stimulation of cell proliferation and cholecystokinin (CCK) secretion. We investigated using murine enteroendocrine cell line (STC-1) and rats if apelin-13 stimulates both CCK and glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) secretions. We demonstrated that, in vitro and in vivo, apelin-13 increases the release of these two hormones in a dose-dependent manner. Present data suggest that apelin may modulate digestive functions, food intake behavior and glucose homoeostasis via apelin-induced release of enteric CCK but also through a new incretin-releasing activity on enteric GLP-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Sébastien Wattez
- Univ Lille Nord de France, Unité Environnement Périnatal et Croissance, EA 4489, Equipe dénutritions maternelles périnatales, Université de Lille 1, Bâtiment SN4, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
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Yara S, Lavoie JC, Beaulieu JF, Delvin E, Amre D, Marcil V, Seidman E, Levy E. Iron-ascorbate-mediated lipid peroxidation causes epigenetic changes in the antioxidant defense in intestinal epithelial cells: impact on inflammation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63456. [PMID: 23717425 PMCID: PMC3661745 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The gastrointestinal tract is frequently exposed to noxious stimuli that may cause oxidative stress, inflammation and injury. Intraluminal pro-oxidants from ingested nutrients especially iron salts and ascorbic acid frequently consumed together, can lead to catalytic formation of oxygen-derived free radicals that ultimately overwhelm the cellular antioxidant defense and lead to cell damage. Hypothesis Since the mechanisms remain sketchy, efforts have been exerted to evaluate the role of epigenetics in modulating components of endogenous enzymatic antioxidants in the intestine. To this end, Caco-2/15 cells were exposed to the iron-ascorbate oxygen radical-generating system. Results Fe/Asc induced a significant increase in lipid peroxidation as reflected by the elevated formation of malondialdehyde along with the alteration of antioxidant defense as evidenced by raised superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) and diminished glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities and genes. Consequently, there was an up-regulation of inflammatory processes illustrated by the activation of NF-κB transcription factor, the higher production of interleukin-6 and cycloxygenase-2 as well as the decrease of IκB. Assessment of promoter’s methylation revealed decreased levels for SOD2 and increased degree for GPx2. On the other hand, pre-incubation of Caco-2/15 cells with 5-Aza-2′-deoxycytidine, a demethylating agent, or Trolox antioxidant normalized the activities of SOD2 and GPx, reduced lipid peroxidation and prevented inflammation. Conclusion Redox and inflammatory modifications in response to Fe/Asc -mediated lipid peroxidation may implicate epigenetic methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Yara
- Department of Nutrition, Research Centre, CHU-Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jean-Claude Lavoie
- Department of Pediatrics, Research Centre, CHU-Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jean-François Beaulieu
- Canadian Institutes for Health Research Team on the Digestive Epithelium, Department of Anatomy and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
| | - Edgard Delvin
- Department of Biochemistry, Research Centre, CHU-Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Devendra Amre
- Department of Pediatrics, Research Centre, CHU-Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Valerie Marcil
- Research Institute, McGill University, Campus MGH, C10.148.6, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Ernest Seidman
- Canadian Institutes for Health Research Team on the Digestive Epithelium, Department of Anatomy and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
- Research Institute, McGill University, Campus MGH, C10.148.6, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Emile Levy
- Department of Nutrition, Research Centre, CHU-Sainte-Justine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Canadian Institutes for Health Research Team on the Digestive Epithelium, Department of Anatomy and Cellular Biology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada
- * E-mail:
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