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Kong X, Vishwanath V, Neelakantan P, Ye Z. Harnessing antimicrobial peptides in endodontics. Int Endod J 2024; 57:815-840. [PMID: 38441321 DOI: 10.1111/iej.14043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 01/27/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Endodontic therapy includes various procedures such as vital pulp therapy, root canal treatment and retreatment, surgical endodontic treatment and regenerative endodontic procedures. Disinfection and tissue repair are crucial for the success of these therapies, necessitating the development of therapeutics that can effectively target microbiota, eliminate biofilms, modulate inflammation and promote tissue repair. However, no current endodontic agents can achieve these goals. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), which are sequences of amino acids, have gained attention due to their unique advantages, including reduced susceptibility to drug resistance, broad-spectrum antibacterial properties and the ability to modulate the immune response of the organism effectively. This review systematically discusses the structure, mechanisms of action, novel designs and limitations of AMPs. Additionally, it highlights the efforts made by researchers to overcome peptide shortcomings and emphasizes the potential applications of AMPs in endodontic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinzi Kong
- Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
| | - Vijetha Vishwanath
- Division of Restorative Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
| | - Prasanna Neelakantan
- Department of Endodontics, University of the Pacific Arthur A. Dugoni School of Dentistry, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Zhou Ye
- Applied Oral Sciences and Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong S.A.R., China
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Xiang S, Han N, Xie Y, Du J, Luo Z, Xu J, Liu Y. Antimicrobial peptides in treatment of Stage III Grade B periodontitis: A randomized clinical trial. Oral Dis 2023. [PMID: 37926979 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To evaluate the effects of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) on Stage III Grade B periodontitis. METHODS This trial abided by the principle of consistency test, approved by ethics committee and registered in clinical trials. All qualified 51 patients with Stage III Grade B periodontitis were randomly divided into three groups: SRP group, SRP with minocycline hydrochloride (Mino group) as Control groups, and SRP with AMPs (AMP group) as the Test group. Clinical examinations and subgingival plaques were monitored at baseline and at 7 and 90 days after treatment in the SRP, SRP with AMP and Mino groups. RESULTS The AMP group (Test group) had a reduced PD (Periodontal probing depth) and an attachment gain significantly higher than SRP and Mino groups (Control groups) at day 90. The abundance of periodontal pathogens was decreased in the AMP group at 7 and 90 days compared with the SRP group and Mino group. Only the AMP group showed an increase the abundance of periodontal probiotics including Capnocytophaga, Gemella, and Lactobacillus at 7 and 90 days. CONCLUSIONS This study shows that AMPs as an adjunct to SRP promote additional clinical and microbiological benefits in the treatment of Stage III Grade B periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuchang Xiang
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Qinhuangdao Stomatological Hospital, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Nannan Han
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yongmei Xie
- Department of General Medicine, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Juan Du
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhenhua Luo
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Junji Xu
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Liu
- Laboratory of Tissue Regeneration and Immunology and Department of Periodontics, Beijing Key Laboratory of Tooth Regeneration and Function Reconstruction, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Immunology Research Center for Oral and Systemic Health, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Zhu Y, Wang Y, Zhang S, Li J, Li X, Ying Y, Yuan J, Chen K, Deng S, Wang Q. Association of polymicrobial interactions with dental caries development and prevention. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1162380. [PMID: 37275173 PMCID: PMC10232826 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1162380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental caries is a common oral disease. In many cases, disruption of the ecological balance of the oral cavity can result in the occurrence of dental caries. There are many cariogenic microbiota and factors, and their identification allows us to take corresponding prevention and control measures. With the development of microbiology, the caries-causing bacteria have evolved from the traditional single Streptococcus mutans to the discovery of oral symbiotic bacteria. Thus it is necessary to systematically organized the association of polymicrobial interactions with dental caries development. In terms of ecology, caries occurs due to an ecological imbalance of the microbiota, caused by the growth and reproduction of cariogenic microbiota due to external factors or the disruption of homeostasis by one's own factors. To reduce the occurrence of dental caries effectively, and considering the latest scientific viewpoints, caries may be viewed from the perspective of ecology, and preventive measures can be taken; hence, this article systematically summarizes the prevention and treatment of dental caries from the aspects of ecological perspectives, in particular the ecological biofilm formation, bacterial quorum sensing, the main cariogenic microbiota, and preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimei Zhu
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuyang Zhang
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jiaxuan Li
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xin Li
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ying
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinna Yuan
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Keda Chen
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuli Deng
- Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Qingjing Wang
- Shulan International Medical College, Zhejiang Shuren University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Asensio-Calavia P, González-Acosta S, Otazo-Pérez A, López MR, Morales-delaNuez A, Pérez de la Lastra JM. Teleost Piscidins-In Silico Perspective of Natural Peptide Antibiotics from Marine Sources. Antibiotics (Basel) 2023; 12:antibiotics12050855. [PMID: 37237758 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12050855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Fish, like all other animals, are exposed to constant contact with microbes, both on their skin and on the surfaces of their respiratory and digestive systems. Fish have a system of non-specific immune responses that provides them with initial protection against infection and allows them to survive under normal conditions despite the presence of these potential invaders. However, fish are less protected against invading diseases than other marine vertebrates because their epidermal surface, composed primarily of living cells, lacks the keratinized skin that serves as an efficient natural barrier in other marine vertebrates. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are one type of innate immune protection present in all life forms. AMPs have been shown to have a broader range of biological effects than conventional antibiotics, including antibacterial, antiviral, antiprotozoal, and antifungal effects. Although other AMPs, such as defensins and hepcidins, are found in all vertebrates and are relatively well conserved, piscidins are found exclusively in Teleost fish and are not found in any other animal. Therefore, there is less information on the expression and bioactivity of piscidins than on other AMPs. Piscidins are highly effective against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria that cause disease in fish and humans and have the potential to be used as pharmacological anti-infectives in biomedicine and aquaculture. To better understand the potential benefits and limitations of using these peptides as therapeutic agents, we are conducting a comprehensive study of the Teleost piscidins included in the "reviewed" category of the UniProt database using bioinformatics tools. They all have amphipathic alpha-helical structures. The amphipathic architecture of piscidin peptides and positively charged residues influence their antibacterial activity. These alpha-helices are intriguing antimicrobial drugs due to their stability in high-salt and metal environments. New treatments for multidrug-resistant bacteria, cancer, and inflammation may be inspired by piscidin peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Asensio-Calavia
- Biotechnology of Macromolecules Research Group, Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA-CSIC), Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez, 3, 38206 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
- School of Doctoral and Graduate Studies, Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez, SN. Edificio Calabaza-Apdo. 456, 38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Sergio González-Acosta
- Biotechnology of Macromolecules Research Group, Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA-CSIC), Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez, 3, 38206 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
- School of Doctoral and Graduate Studies, Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez, SN. Edificio Calabaza-Apdo. 456, 38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Andrea Otazo-Pérez
- Biotechnology of Macromolecules Research Group, Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA-CSIC), Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez, 3, 38206 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
- School of Doctoral and Graduate Studies, Universidad de La Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez, SN. Edificio Calabaza-Apdo. 456, 38200 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Manuel R López
- Biotechnology of Macromolecules Research Group, Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA-CSIC), Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez, 3, 38206 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - Antonio Morales-delaNuez
- Biotechnology of Macromolecules Research Group, Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA-CSIC), Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez, 3, 38206 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
| | - José Manuel Pérez de la Lastra
- Biotechnology of Macromolecules Research Group, Instituto de Productos Naturales y Agrobiología (IPNA-CSIC), Avda. Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez, 3, 38206 San Cristóbal de La Laguna, Spain
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Peptide Designs for Use in Caries Management: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044247. [PMID: 36835657 PMCID: PMC9961499 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to review the design methods that have been used to create peptides for use in caries management. Two independent researchers systematically reviewed many in vitro studies in which peptides were designed for use in caries management. They assessed the risk of bias in the included studies. This review identified 3592 publications, of which 62 were selected. Forty-seven studies reported 57 antimicrobial peptides. Among them, 31 studies (66%, 31/47) used the template-based design method; 9 studies (19%, 9/47) used the conjugation method; and 7 studies (15%, 7/47) used other methods, such as the synthetic combinatorial technology method, the de novo design method and cyclisation. Ten studies reported mineralising peptides. Seven of these (70%, 7/10) used the template-based design method, two (20%, 2/10) used the de novo design method, and one study (10%, 1/10) used the conjugation method. In addition, five studies developed their own peptides with antimicrobial and mineralising properties. These studies used the conjugation method. Our assessment for the risk of bias in the 62 reviewed studies showed that 44 publications (71%, 44/62) had a medium risk and that 3 publications had a low risk (5%, 3/62). The two most common methods for developing peptides for use in caries management that were used in these studies were the template-based design method and the conjugation method.
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Masadeh M, Ayyad A, Haddad R, Alsagar M, Alzoubi K, Alrabadi N. Functional and toxicological evaluation of the MAA-41: a novel rationally designed antimicrobial peptide using hybridization and modification methods from LL-37 and BMAP-28. Curr Pharm Des 2022; 28:2177-2188. [DOI: 10.2174/1381612828666220705150817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background:
Managing bacterial infections caused by multidrug-resistant (MDR) and biofilm-forming bacteria is a global health concern. Therefore, enormous efforts were directed toward finding potential alternative antimicrobial agents such as antimicrobial peptides (AMPs).
Aim:
We aimed to synthesize a novel modified hybrid peptide designed from natural parents’ peptides with enhanced activity and reduced toxicity profile.
Method:
Rational design was used to hybridize the two antimicrobial peptides, in which the alpha-helical parts of BMAP-28 and LL-37 were combined. Then, several amino acid modifications were applied to generate a modified hybrid peptide named MAA-41. The physicochemical properties were checked using in silico methods. The MAA-41 was evaluated for its antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activities. Synergistic studies were performed with five conventional antibiotics. Finally, the cytotoxicity on mammalian cells and the hemolytic activity were assessed.
Results:
The MAA-41 revealed a broad-spectrum activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria including standard and MDR bacterial strains. The concentration against planktonic cells ranged between 10 and 20 μM with higher potency against Gram-negative bacteria. Additionally, the MAA-41 displayed potent activity in eradicating biofilm-forming cells, and the reported MBECs were equal to the MIC values reported for planktonic cells. This new peptide exhibited reduced toxicity profiles against erythrocyte cells but not against Vero cells. Combining MAA-41 peptides with conventional antibiotics improved the antimicrobial activity of the combined agents. Either synergistic or additive effects were shown as a significant decrease in MIC to 0.25 μM.
Conclusion:
This study proposes the validity of a novel peptide (MAA-41) with enhanced antimicrobial activity and reduced toxicity, especially when used as conventional antibiotic combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majed Masadeh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan, 22110
| | - Afnan Ayyad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan, 22110
| | - Razan Haddad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan, 22110
| | - Mohammad Alsagar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan, 22110
| | - Karem Alzoubi
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, UAE.
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan, 22110
| | - Nasr Alrabadi
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan, 22110
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Biria M, Rezvani Y, Roodgarian R, Rabbani A, Iranparvar P. Antibacterial effect of an herbal toothpaste containing Bamboo salt: a randomized double-blinded controlled clinical trial. BMC Oral Health 2022; 22:193. [PMID: 35590307 PMCID: PMC9121567 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-022-02224-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The inclusion of herbal antibacterial agents in the composition of toothpastes is becoming increasingly popular, due to lower side effects. The present study intended to investigate the antibacterial efficacy of a herbal toothpaste containing Bamboo salt on cariogenic oral bacteria. Methods The present double-blinded parallel randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted on 60 dental students (age range: 18–30). Following the baseline saliva sampling, the participants were randomly assigned into the case and control groups, to use the Bamboo salt herbal toothpaste and conventional non-herbal toothpaste, respectively. They were instructed to brush their teeth twice a day using the Bass technique. Saliva sampling was repeated after four weeks. The salivary counts of Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus at baseline and 4-week follow-up were determined and presented as the logarithm of colony-forming units per milliliter (log CFU/mL). Results A significant decrease in salivary Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus was observed using both toothpastes (*P < 0.001). The difference between the antibacterial efficacy of two toothpaste types on Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacillus was not statistically significant (P = 0.530, and P = 0.137, respectively). Conclusion Due to the comparable efficacy of the investigated herbal toothpaste with conventional toothpaste, it potentially qualifies as a complementary agent for self-care oral hygiene procedures. Trial registration: This trial was registered in the “Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials” (IRCT20210414050964N1) on 21/06/2021. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12903-022-02224-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina Biria
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yasaman Rezvani
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Romina Roodgarian
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Rabbani
- Dental Research Center, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parastoo Iranparvar
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Acetylation of glucosyltransferases regulates Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation and virulence. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1010134. [PMID: 34860858 PMCID: PMC8673623 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1010134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysine acetylation is a frequently occurring post-translational modification (PTM), emerging as an important metabolic regulatory mechanism in prokaryotes. This process is achieved enzymatically by the protein acetyltransferase (KAT) to specifically transfer the acetyl group, or non-enzymatically by direct intermediates (acetyl phosphate or acetyl-CoA). Although lysine acetylation modification of glucosyltransferases (Gtfs), the important virulence factor in Streptococcus mutans, was reported in our previous study, the KAT has not been identified. Here, we believe that the KAT ActG can acetylate Gtfs in the enzymatic mechanism. By overexpressing 15 KATs in S. mutans, the synthesized water-insoluble extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) and biofilm biomass were measured, and KAT (actG) was identified. The in-frame deletion mutant of actG was constructed to validate the function of actG. The results showed that actG could negatively regulate the water-insoluble EPS synthesis and biofilm formation. We used mass spectrometry (MS) to identify GtfB and GtfC as the possible substrates of ActG. This was also demonstrated by in vitro acetylation assays, indicating that ActG could increase the acetylation levels of GtfB and GtfC enzymatically and decrease their activities. We further found that the expression level of actG in part explained the virulence differences in clinically isolated strains. Moreover, overexpression of actG in S. mutans attenuated its cariogenicity in the rat caries model. Taken together, our study demonstrated that the KAT ActG could induce the acetylation of GtfB and GtfC enzymatically in S. mutans, providing insights into the function of lysine acetylation in bacterial virulence and pathogenicity. Lysine acetylation is a regulatory post-translational modification (PTM) important in physiological processes across all domains of life. Although it has been well studied and characterized in eukaryotes, new insights into the lysine acetylation in bacteria have gained momentum in recent years, and hundreds to thousands of protein acetylation processes have been identified in various bacteria with novel enrichment strategies. However, the specific mechanisms of regulating lysine acetylation and function are still poorly understood. Therefore, we screened for the KAT mediating Gtfs acetylation by constructing 15 strains of S. mutans that overexpressed the GCN5-related N-acetyltransferases (GNAT) family members. Eventually, we identified and characterized ActG, a GNAT family member, that could catalyze the acetylation of GtfB and GtfC in S. mutans by the enzymatic mechanism, inversely related to their enzymatic activities, subsequently affecting the water-insoluble EPS synthesis and biofilm formation. In addition, ActG impaired the cariogenicity of S. mutans in a rat caries model. Thus, this study provides significant insights into the effect of lysine acetylation on S. mutans virulence and pathogenicity by regulating target protein functions and relative physiological processes.
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Reconfigurable Dual Peptide Tethered Polymer System Offers a Synergistic Solution for Next Generation Dental Adhesives. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22126552. [PMID: 34207218 PMCID: PMC8235192 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22126552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Resin-based composite materials have been widely used in restorative dental materials due to their aesthetic, mechanical, and physical properties. However, they still encounter clinical shortcomings mainly due to recurrent decay that develops at the composite-tooth interface. The low-viscosity adhesive that bonds the composite to the tooth is intended to seal this interface, but the adhesive seal is inherently defective and readily damaged by acids, enzymes, and oral fluids. Bacteria infiltrate the resulting gaps at the composite-tooth interface and bacterial by-products demineralize the tooth and erode the adhesive. These activities lead to wider and deeper gaps that provide an ideal environment for bacteria to proliferate. This complex degradation process mediated by several biological and environmental factors damages the tooth, destroys the adhesive seal, and ultimately, leads to failure of the composite restoration. This paper describes a co-tethered dual peptide-polymer system to address composite-tooth interface vulnerability. The adhesive system incorporates an antimicrobial peptide to inhibit bacterial attack and a hydroxyapatite-binding peptide to promote remineralization of damaged tooth structure. A designer spacer sequence was incorporated into each peptide sequence to not only provide a conjugation site for methacrylate (MA) monomer but also to retain active peptide conformations and enhance the display of the peptides in the material. The resulting MA-antimicrobial peptides and MA-remineralization peptides were copolymerized into dental adhesives formulations. The results on the adhesive system composed of co-tethered peptides demonstrated both strong metabolic inhibition of S. mutans and localized calcium phosphate remineralization. Overall, the result offers a reconfigurable and tunable peptide-polymer hybrid system as next-generation adhesives to address composite-tooth interface vulnerability.
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Thulshan Jayathilaka EHT, Liyanage TD, Rajapaksha DC, Dananjaya SHS, Nikapitiya C, Whang I, De Zoysa M. Octominin: An antibacterial and anti-biofilm peptide for controlling the multidrug resistance and pathogenic Streptococcus parauberis. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 110:23-34. [PMID: 33378697 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Streptococcus parauberis is a pathogenic gram-positive bacterium that causes streptococcosis infection in fish. Since S. parauberis is becoming resistant to multiple antibiotics, the development of alternatives, such as antimicrobial peptides, has gained great attention. Octominin, derived from the defense protein of Octopus minor, showed a significant antimicrobial activity against multidrug resistance S. parauberis, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and a minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 50 and 100 μg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, time-kill kinetics, agar diffusion, and bacterial viability assays confirmed the concentration-dependent antibacterial activity of Octominin against S. parauberis. Field emission scanning electron microscopy analysis showed morphological and ultra-structural changes in S. parauberis upon Octominin treatment. Moreover, Octominin treatment demonstrated changes in membrane permeability, induced reactive oxygen species (ROS), and its binding ability to genomic DNA, suggesting its strong bactericidal activity with multiple modes of action. We confirmed the inhibition of biofilm formation and the eradication of existing biofilms in a concentration-dependent manner. Additionally, Octominin on S. parauberis at transcriptional level exhibited downregulation of membrane formation (pgsA and cds1), DNA repairing (recF), biofilm formation (pgaB and epsF) genes, while upregulation of ROS detoxification (sodA) and DNA protecting (ahpF) related genes. An in vivo study confirmed a significantly (P < 0.05) higher relative percentage survival in Octominin-treated larval zebrafish exposed to S. parauberis (93.3%) compared to the control group (20.0%). Collectively, our results confirm that Octominin could be a potential antibacterial and anti-biofilm agent against S. parauberis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E H T Thulshan Jayathilaka
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - T D Liyanage
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - D C Rajapaksha
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - S H S Dananjaya
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Chamilani Nikapitiya
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Ilson Whang
- National Marine Biodiversity Institute of Korea (MABIK), 75, Jangsan-ro 101beon-gil, Janghang-eup, Seochun-gun, Chungchungnam-do, 33662, Republic of Korea.
| | - Mahanama De Zoysa
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungnam National University, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.
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Sarikaya R, Song L, Yuca E, Xie SX, Boone K, Misra A, Spencer P, Tamerler C. Bioinspired multifunctional adhesive system for next generation bio-additively designed dental restorations. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 113:104135. [PMID: 33160267 PMCID: PMC8101502 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.104135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 07/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Resin-based composite has overtaken dental amalgam as the most popular material for the repair of lost or damaged tooth structure. In spite of the popularity, the average composite lifetime is about half that of amalgam restorations. The leading cause of composite-restoration failure is decay at the margin where the adhesive is applied. The adhesive is intended to seal the composite/tooth interface, but the adhesive seal to dentin is fragile and readily degraded by acids, enzymes and other oral fluids. The inherent weakness of this material system is attributable to several factors including the lack of antimicrobial properties, remineralization capabilities and durable mechanical performance - elements that are central to the integrity of the adhesive/dentin (a/d) interfacial seal. Our approach to this problem offers a transition from a hybrid to a biohybrid structure. Discrete peptides are tethered to polymers to provide multi-bio-functional adhesive formulations that simultaneously achieve antimicrobial and remineralization properties. The bio-additive materials design combines several functional properties with the goal of providing an adhesive that will serve as a durable barrier to recurrent decay at the composite/tooth interface. This article provides an overview of our multi-faceted approach which uses peptides tethered to polymers and new polymer chemistries to achieve the next generation adhesive system - an adhesive that provides antimicrobial properties, repair of defective dentin and enhanced mechanical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizacan Sarikaya
- Institute for Bioengineering Research (IBER), University of Kansas (KU), 1530 W. 15th St, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kansas (KU), 1530 W. 15th St, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
| | - Linyong Song
- Institute for Bioengineering Research (IBER), University of Kansas (KU), 1530 W. 15th St, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
| | - Esra Yuca
- Institute for Bioengineering Research (IBER), University of Kansas (KU), 1530 W. 15th St, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA; Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, 34210, Turkey
| | - Sheng-Xue Xie
- Institute for Bioengineering Research (IBER), University of Kansas (KU), 1530 W. 15th St, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
| | - Kyle Boone
- Institute for Bioengineering Research (IBER), University of Kansas (KU), 1530 W. 15th St, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA; Bioengineering Program, University of Kansas, 1530 W. 15th St, University of Kansas (KU), Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
| | - Anil Misra
- Institute for Bioengineering Research (IBER), University of Kansas (KU), 1530 W. 15th St, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA; Civil, Environmental and Architectural Engineering Department, University of Kansas (KU), 1530 W. 15th St, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
| | - Paulette Spencer
- Institute for Bioengineering Research (IBER), University of Kansas (KU), 1530 W. 15th St, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kansas (KU), 1530 W. 15th St, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA; Bioengineering Program, University of Kansas, 1530 W. 15th St, University of Kansas (KU), Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
| | - Candan Tamerler
- Institute for Bioengineering Research (IBER), University of Kansas (KU), 1530 W. 15th St, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Kansas (KU), 1530 W. 15th St, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA; Bioengineering Program, University of Kansas, 1530 W. 15th St, University of Kansas (KU), Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA.
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12
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Niu JY, Yin IX, Wu WKK, Li QL, Mei ML, Chu CH. Antimicrobial peptides for the prevention and treatment of dental caries: A concise review. Arch Oral Biol 2020; 122:105022. [PMID: 33418434 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2020.105022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to perform a comprehensive review of the use of antimicrobial peptides for the prevention and treatment of dental caries. The study included publications in the English language that addressed the use of antimicrobial peptides in the prevention and treatment of caries. These publications were also searchable on PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Scopus, the Collection of Anti-Microbial Peptides and the Antimicrobial Peptide Database. A total of 3,436 publications were identified, and 67 publications were included. Eight publications reported seven natural human antimicrobial peptides as bactericidal to Streptococcus mutans. Fifty-nine publications reported 43 synthetic antimicrobial peptides developed to mimic natural antimicrobial peptides, fusing peptides with functional sequences and implementing new designs. The 43 synthetic antimicrobial peptides were effective against Streptococcus mutans, and nine peptides specifically targeted Streptococcus mutans. Ten antimicrobial peptides had an affinity for hydroxyapatite to prevent bacterial adhesion. Six antimicrobial peptides were also antifungal. Four antimicrobial peptides promoted remineralisation or prevented the demineralisation of teeth by binding calcium to hydroxyapatite. In conclusion, this study identified 67 works in the literature that reported seven natural and 43 synthetic antimicrobial peptides for the prevention and treatment of caries. Most of the antimicrobial peptides were bactericidal, and some prevented bacterial adhesion. A few antimicrobial peptides displayed remineralising properties with hydroxyapatite.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Yun Niu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Iris Xiaoxue Yin
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - William Ka Kei Wu
- Department of Anaesthesia & Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Quan-Li Li
- School of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
| | - May Lei Mei
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Faculty of Dentistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
| | - Chun Hung Chu
- Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Wei H, Xie Z, Tan X, Guo R, Song Y, Xie X, Wang R, Li L, Wang M, Zhang Y. Temporin-Like Peptides Show Antimicrobial and Anti-Biofilm Activities against Streptococcus mutans with Reduced Hemolysis. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25235724. [PMID: 33291521 PMCID: PMC7730238 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25235724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In our previous study, temporin-GHaR (GHaR) showed potent antimicrobial activity with strong hemolytic toxicity. To overcome its weakness, we designed GHaR6R, GHaR7R, GHaR8R, GHaR9R, and GHaR9W by changing the number of positive charges and the hydrophobic surface of GHaR. With the exception of GHaR7R, the hemolytic toxicity of the derived peptides had been reduced, and the antimicrobial activities remained close to the parent peptide (except for GHaR9R). GHaR6R, GHaR7R, GHaR8R, and GHaR9W exhibited a great bactericidal effect on Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), which is one of the main pathogens causing dental caries. According to the membrane permeation and scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis, these derived peptides targeted to the cell membranes of planktonic bacteria, contributing to the disruption of the membrane integrity and leakage of the intracellular contents. Moreover, they inhibited the formation of biofilms and eradicated the mature biofilms of S. mutans. Compared with GHaR7R, the derived peptides showed less cytotoxicity to human oral epithelial cells (HOECs). The derived peptides are expected to be the molecular templates for designing antibacterial agents to prevent dental caries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanqi Wei
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (H.W.); (Z.X.); (X.T.); (R.G.); (Y.S.); (X.X.); (R.W.); (L.L.)
| | - Zhipeng Xie
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (H.W.); (Z.X.); (X.T.); (R.G.); (Y.S.); (X.X.); (R.W.); (L.L.)
| | - Xiuchuan Tan
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (H.W.); (Z.X.); (X.T.); (R.G.); (Y.S.); (X.X.); (R.W.); (L.L.)
| | - Ran Guo
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (H.W.); (Z.X.); (X.T.); (R.G.); (Y.S.); (X.X.); (R.W.); (L.L.)
| | - Yanting Song
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (H.W.); (Z.X.); (X.T.); (R.G.); (Y.S.); (X.X.); (R.W.); (L.L.)
| | - Xi Xie
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (H.W.); (Z.X.); (X.T.); (R.G.); (Y.S.); (X.X.); (R.W.); (L.L.)
| | - Rong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (H.W.); (Z.X.); (X.T.); (R.G.); (Y.S.); (X.X.); (R.W.); (L.L.)
| | - Lushuang Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (H.W.); (Z.X.); (X.T.); (R.G.); (Y.S.); (X.X.); (R.W.); (L.L.)
| | - Manchuriga Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
- Correspondence: (M.W.); (Y.Z.)
| | - Yingxia Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Biological Resources of Ministry of Education, School of Life and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China; (H.W.); (Z.X.); (X.T.); (R.G.); (Y.S.); (X.X.); (R.W.); (L.L.)
- Correspondence: (M.W.); (Y.Z.)
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15
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Zhao S, Huang W, Wang C, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Ye Z, Zhang J, Deng L, Dong A. Screening and Matching Amphiphilic Cationic Polymers for Efficient Antibiosis. Biomacromolecules 2020; 21:5269-5281. [PMID: 33226784 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c01330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The amphiphilic cationic polymers that mimic antimicrobial peptides have received increasing attention due to their excellent antibacterial activity. However, the relationship between the structure of cationic polymers and its antibacterial effect remains unclear. In our current work, a series of PEG blocked amphiphilic cationic polymers composed of hydrophobic alkyl-modified and quaternary ammonium salt (QAS) moieties have been prepared. The structure-antibacterial activity relationship of these cationic polymers was investigated against E. coli and S. aureus, including PEGylation, random structure, molecular weights, and the content and lengths of the hydrophobic alkyl side chains. The results indicated that PEGylated random amphiphilic cationic copolymer (mPB35/T57) showed stronger antibacterial activity and better biocompatibility than the random copolymer without PEG (PB33/T56). Furthermore, mPB35/T57 with appropriate mole fraction of alkyl side chains (falkyl = 0.38), degree of polymerization (DP = 92), and four-carbon hydrophobic alkyl moieties was found to have the optimal structure that revealed the best antibacterial activities against both E. coli (MIC = 8 μg/mL, selectivity > 250) and S. aureus (MIC = 4 μg/mL, selectivity > 500). More importantly, mPB35/T57 could effectively eradicate E. coli biofilms by killing the bacteria embedded in the biofilms. Therefore, the structure of mPB35/T57 provided valuable information for improving the antibacterial activity of cationic polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyue Zhao
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Wenjun Huang
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Changrong Wang
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yaping Wang
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - YuFeng Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Zhanpeng Ye
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Jianhua Zhang
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Liandong Deng
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Anjie Dong
- Department of Polymer Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Systems Bioengineering of the Ministry of Education, School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, China
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16
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Deciphering Streptococcal Biofilms. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8111835. [PMID: 33233415 PMCID: PMC7700319 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8111835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Streptococci are a diverse group of bacteria, which are mostly commensals but also cause a considerable proportion of life-threatening infections. They colonize many different host niches such as the oral cavity, the respiratory, gastrointestinal, and urogenital tract. While these host compartments impose different environmental conditions, many streptococci form biofilms on mucosal membranes facilitating their prolonged survival. In response to environmental conditions or stimuli, bacteria experience profound physiologic and metabolic changes during biofilm formation. While investigating bacterial cells under planktonic and biofilm conditions, various genes have been identified that are important for the initial step of biofilm formation. Expression patterns of these genes during the transition from planktonic to biofilm growth suggest a highly regulated and complex process. Biofilms as a bacterial survival strategy allow evasion of host immunity and protection against antibiotic therapy. However, the exact mechanisms by which biofilm-associated bacteria cause disease are poorly understood. Therefore, advanced molecular techniques are employed to identify gene(s) or protein(s) as targets for the development of antibiofilm therapeutic approaches. We review our current understanding of biofilm formation in different streptococci and how biofilm production may alter virulence-associated characteristics of these species. In addition, we have summarized the role of surface proteins especially pili proteins in biofilm formation. This review will provide an overview of strategies which may be exploited for developing novel approaches against biofilm-related streptococcal infections.
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Zhang J, Chen C, Chen J, Zhou S, Zhao Y, Xu M, Xu H. Dual Mode of Anti-Biofilm Action of G3 against Streptococcus mutans. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:27866-27875. [PMID: 32484655 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c00771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Oral biofilms, formed by multiple microorganisms and their extracellular polymeric substances, seriously affect people's life. The emergence of the resistance of biofilms to conventional antibiotics and their side effects on the oral cavity have posed a great challenge in the treatment of dental diseases. Recently, antimicrobial peptides have been recognized as promising alternatives to conventional antibiotics due to their broad antibacterial spectrum, high antibacterial activity, and specific mechanism. However, the research of their anti-biofilm behaviors is still in its infancy, and the underlying mechanism remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the anti-biofilm activities of a designed helical peptide (G3) against Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans), one of the primary causative pathogens of caries. The results indicated that G3 inhibited S. mutans biofilm formation by interfering with different stages of biofilm development. At the initial stage, G3 inhibited the bacterial adhesion by decreasing the bacterial surface charges, hydrophobicity, membrane integrity, and adhesion-related gene transcription. At the later stage, G3 interacted with extracellular DNA to destabilize the 3D architecture of mature biofilms and thus dispersed them. The high activity of G3 against S. mutans biofilms, along with its specific modes of action, endows it great application potential in preventing and treating dental plaque diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangyu Zhang
- Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 Changjiang West Road, Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Cuixia Chen
- Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 Changjiang West Road, Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Jiaxi Chen
- Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 Changjiang West Road, Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Shasha Zhou
- Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 Changjiang West Road, Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Yurong Zhao
- Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 Changjiang West Road, Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Minglu Xu
- Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 Changjiang West Road, Qingdao 266580, China
| | - Hai Xu
- Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, China University of Petroleum (East China), 66 Changjiang West Road, Qingdao 266580, China
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18
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Kim K, Kim D, Lee H, Lee TH, Kim KY, Kim H. New Pyrimidinone-Fused 1,4-Naphthoquinone Derivatives Inhibit the Growth of Drug Resistant Oral Bacteria. Biomedicines 2020; 8:biomedicines8060160. [PMID: 32549271 PMCID: PMC7345244 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines8060160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Dental caries is considered to be a preventable disease, and various antimicrobial agents have been developed for the prevention of dental disease. However, many bacteria show resistance to existing agents. Methods/Principal Findings: In this study, four known 1,4-naphthoquinones and newly synthesized 10 pyrimidinone-fused 1,4-naphthoquinones, i.e. KHQ 701, 702, 711, 712, 713, 714, 715, 716, 717 and 718, were evaluated for antimicrobial activity against Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Actinomyces viscosus and Fusobacterium nucleatum. Pyrimidinone-fused 1,4-naphthoquinones were synthesized in good yields through a series of chemical reactions from a commercially available 1,4-dihydroxynaphthoic acid. MIC values of KHQ 711, 712, 713, 714, 715, 716, 717 and 718 were 6.25–50 μg/mL against E. faecalis (CCARM 5511), 6.25–25 μg/mL against E. faecium (KACC11954) and S. aureus (CCARM 3506), 1.56–25 μg/mL against S. epidermidis (KACC 13234), 3.125–100 μg/mL against S. mutans (KACC16833), 1.56–100 μg/mL against S. sobrinus (KCTC5809) and P. gingivalis (KCTC 5352), 3.125–50 μg/mL against A. viscosus (KCTC 9146) and 3.125–12.5 μg/mL against F. nucleatum (KCTC 2640) with a broth microdilution assay. A disk diffusion assay with KHQ derivatives also exhibited strong susceptibility with inhibition zones of 0.96 to 1.2 cm in size against P. gingivalis. Among the 10 compounds evaluated, KHQ 711, 712, 713, 715, 716 and 717 demonstrated strong antimicrobial activities against the 9 types of pathogenic oral bacteria. A pyrimidin-4-one moiety comprising a phenyl group at the C2 position and a benzyl group at the N3 position appears to be essential for physiological activity. Conclusion/Significance: Pyrimidinone-fused 1,4-naphthoquinones synthesized from simple starting compounds and four known 1,4-naphthoquinones were synthesized and showed strong antibacterial activity to the 9 common oral bacteria. These results suggest that these derivatives should be prospective for the treatment of dental diseases caused by oral bacteria, including drug-resistant strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyungmin Kim
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Global Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredient Materials, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi-do 1732, Korea; (K.K.); (H.L.); (T.H.L.)
| | - Daseul Kim
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi-do 1732, Korea;
| | - Hyunjin Lee
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Global Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredient Materials, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi-do 1732, Korea; (K.K.); (H.L.); (T.H.L.)
| | - Tae Hoon Lee
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Global Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredient Materials, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi-do 1732, Korea; (K.K.); (H.L.); (T.H.L.)
| | - Ki-Young Kim
- Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi-do 1732, Korea;
- Correspondence: (K.-Y.K.); (H.K.); Tel.: +82-312012633 (K.-Y.K.); +82-312012459 (H.K.)
| | - Hakwon Kim
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Global Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredient Materials, Kyung Hee University, Gyeonggi-do 1732, Korea; (K.K.); (H.L.); (T.H.L.)
- Correspondence: (K.-Y.K.); (H.K.); Tel.: +82-312012633 (K.-Y.K.); +82-312012459 (H.K.)
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Liang J, Liang D, Liang Y, He J, Zuo S, Zhao W. Effects of a derivative of reutericin 6 and gassericin A on the biofilm of Streptococcus mutans in vitro and caries prevention in vivo. Odontology 2020; 109:53-66. [PMID: 32474673 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-020-00529-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
It is known that Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) is the leading cariogenic pathogen. Recently, an increasing number of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been brought into consideration as anti-caries agents. Here, we designed and synthesized an AMP derived from reutericin 6 and/or gassericin A, named LN-7, and explored its effect on biofilm of S. mutans UA159 in vitro and development of dental caries in vivo. Antibacterial assays showed that LN-7 was more active against S. mutans (3.2 μM) than many peptide-based agents, capable of killing other types of Streptococci in oral cavity. In addition, LN-7 presented fast killing kinetics, with more than 97% S. mutans killed within 5 min. The mechanism of the antimicrobial activity mainly lies on the disruption of bacterial membrane. Effects of LN-7 on the biofilm formation and the viability of preformed biofilm were quantified by crystal violet staining, which showed that LN-7 could effectively inhibit the biofilm accumulation of S. mutans. Moreover, the biofilm of S. mutans treated with LN-7 displayed notable changes in bacterial viability and morphology, observed by confocal laser scanning microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. In addition, topical oral treatment with LN-7 could suppress the development of dental caries in vivo, reducing the occurrence of severe dental lesion in a rodent model. These results reveal a new peptide-based agent as a topical treatment for dental caries, opening the door to clinical studies to explore its potential for caries prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingheng Liang
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongsheng Liang
- Department of Stomatology, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuee Liang
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianing He
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Shiya Zuo
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China
| | - Wanghong Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, 1838 Guangzhou Avenue North, Guangzhou, 510515, People's Republic of China.
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Mannosylerythritol lipids: dual inhibitory modes against Staphylococcus aureus through membrane-mediated apoptosis and biofilm disruption. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:5053-5064. [PMID: 32248439 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-020-10561-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Mannosylerythritol lipids (MELs) are novel biosurfactants performing excellent physical-chemical properties as well as bioactivities. This study is aimed to explore the antibacterial and antibiofilm activity of mannosylerythritol lipids against foodborne gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus. The results of growth curve and survival rate revealed the significant inhibitory effect of MELs against S. aureus. The visualized pictures by scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscope exposed apparent morphological and ultrastructure changes of MEL-treated cells. Furthermore, flow cytometry confirmed that MELs have promoted cell apoptosis and damaged the cell membrane. Notably, MEL-A also exhibited outstanding antibiofilm activity against S. aureus biofilm on different material surfaces including polystyrene, glass, and stainless steel, verified by confocal laser scanning microscope. These findings suggest that the antimicrobial activity of MELs is related to inhibit planktonic cells and biofilm of S. aureus, indicating that it has potential to be an alternative to antibacterial agents and preservatives applied into food processing.Key Points • MELs have strong antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus.• MELs mainly damage the cell membrane of Staphylococcus aureus.• Mannosylerythritol lipids inhibit the bacterial adhesion to remove biofilm.
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21
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Xie SX, Song L, Yuca E, Boone K, Sarikaya R, VanOosten SK, Misra A, Ye Q, Spencer P, Tamerler C. Antimicrobial Peptide-Polymer Conjugates for Dentistry. ACS APPLIED POLYMER MATERIALS 2020; 2:1134-1144. [PMID: 33834166 PMCID: PMC8026165 DOI: 10.1021/acsapm.9b00921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial adhesion and growth at the composite/adhesive/tooth interface remain the primary cause of dental composite restoration failure. Early colonizers, including Streptococcus mutans, play a critical role in the formation of dental caries by creating an environment that reduces the adhesive's integrity. Subsequently, other bacterial species, biofilm formation, and lactic acid from S. mutans demineralize the adjoining tooth. Because of their broad spectrum of antibacterial activity and low risk for antibiotic resistance, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have received significant attention to prevent bacterial biofilms. Harnessing the potential of AMPs is still very limited in dentistry-a few studies have explored peptide-enabled antimicrobial adhesive copolymer systems using mainly nonspecific adsorption. In the current investigation, to avoid limitations from nonspecific adsorption and to prevent potential peptide leakage out of the resin, we conjugated an AMP with a commonly used monomer for dental adhesive formulation. To tailor the flexibility between the peptide and the resin material, we designed two different spacer domains. The spacer-integrated antimicrobial peptides were conjugated to methacrylate (MA), and the resulting MA-AMP monomers were next copolymerized into dental adhesives as AMP-polymer conjugates. The resulting bioactivity of the polymethacrylate-based AMP conjugated matrix activity was investigated. The antimicrobial peptide conjugated to the resin matrix demonstrated significant antimicrobial activity against S. mutans. Secondary structure analyses of conjugated peptides were applied to understand the activity differential. When mechanical properties of the adhesive system were investigated with respect to AMP and cross-linking concentration, resulting AMP-polymer conjugates maintained higher compressive moduli compared to hydrogel analogues including polyHEMA. Overall, our result provides a robust approach to develop a fine-tuned bioenabled peptide adhesive system with improved mechanical properties and antimicrobial activity. The results of this study represent a critical step toward the development of peptide-conjugated dentin adhesives for treatment of secondary caries and the enhanced durability of dental composite restorations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Esra Yuca
- University of Kansas (KU), Lawrence, Kansas, and Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kyle Boone
- University of Kansas (KU), Lawrence, Kansas
| | | | | | - Anil Misra
- University of Kansas (KU), Lawrence, Kansas
| | - Qiang Ye
- University of Kansas (KU), Lawrence, Kansas
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Bagher Z, Ehterami A, Safdel MH, Khastar H, Semiari H, Asefnejad A, Davachi SM, Mirzaii M, Salehi M. Wound healing with alginate/chitosan hydrogel containing hesperidin in rat model. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.101379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Application of Antibiotics/Antimicrobial Agents on Dental Caries. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:5658212. [PMID: 32076608 PMCID: PMC7013294 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5658212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Dental caries is the most common oral disease. The bacteriological aetiology of dental caries promotes the use of antibiotics or antimicrobial agents to prevent this type of oral infectious disease. Antibiotics have been developed for more than 80 years since Fleming discovered penicillin in 1928, and systemic antibiotics have been used to treat dental caries for a long time. However, new types of antimicrobial agents have been developed to fight against dental caries. The purpose of this review is to focus on the application of systemic antibiotics and other antimicrobial agents with respect to their clinical use to date, including the history of their development, and their side effects, uses, structure types, and molecular mechanisms to promote a better understanding of the importance of microbial interactions in dental plaque and combinational treatments.
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Bagher Z, Ehterami A, Nasrolahi M, Azimi M, Salehi M. Hesperidin promotes peripheral nerve regeneration based on tissue engineering strategy using alginate/chitosan hydrogel: in vitro and in vivo study. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2020.1713781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zohreh Bagher
- ENT and Head & Neck Research Center and Department, the Five Senses Institute, Hazrat Rasoul Akram Hospital, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arian Ehterami
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Nasrolahi
- Faculty of Tissue Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Azimi
- Immunology Research Center, Institute of Immunology and Infection Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Majid Salehi
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
- Tissue Engineering and Stem Cells Research Center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
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Risk Comparison of the Diarrheal and Emetic Type of Bacillus cereus in Tofu. Microorganisms 2019; 7:microorganisms7110536. [PMID: 31703304 PMCID: PMC6920766 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms7110536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the ability of biofilm formation, survival, and behavior of diarrheal and emetic Bacillus cereus vegetative cells and spores in tofu. Both diarrheal and emetic B. cereus did not proliferate at a temperature below 9 °C in tofu. However, the emetic B. cereus grew faster than diarrheal B. cereus at 11 °C and had better survival ability at low temperatures. Both diarrheal and emetic B. cereus were able to form a biofilm on stainless steel. These biofilm cells were transferred to tofu in live state. The transferred biofilm cells could not grow at a temperature below 9 °C but grew over 11 °C, like planktonic cells. B. cereus contamination in tofu at a high concentration (>6 logs CFU/g) was not entirely killed by heating at 80, 85, or 90 °C for 2 h. Spores and emetic B. cereus had higher resistance to heat than vegetative cells and diarrheal B. cereus, respectively.
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Semyari H, Salehi M, Taleghani F, Ehterami A, Bastami F, Jalayer T, Semyari H, Hamed Nabavi M, Semyari H. Fabrication and characterization of collagen–hydroxyapatite-based composite scaffolds containing doxycycline via freeze-casting method for bone tissue engineering. J Biomater Appl 2018; 33:501-513. [DOI: 10.1177/0885328218805229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
In this study, hydroxyapatite nanoparticles containing 10% doxycycline, a structural isomer of tetracycline, was prepared by the co-precipitation method. It was added to collagen solution for the preparation of the scaffold with freeze-casting method in order to develop a composite scaffold with both antibacterial and osteoinductive properties for repairing bone defects. The scaffolds were evaluated regarding their morphology, porosity, degradation and cellular response. The scaffolds for further investigation were added in a rat calvaria defect model. The study showed that after eight weeks, the bone formation was relatively higher in the collagen/nano-hydroxyapatite/doxycycline group with completely filled defect when compared with other groups. Histopathological evaluation showed that the defect in the collagen/nano-hydroxyapatite/doxycycline group was fully replaced by the new bone and connective tissue. Our results provide evidence supporting the possible applicability of doxycycline-containing scaffolds for successful bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Majid Salehi
- Department of Tissue Engineering, School of Medicine, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
- Tissue Engineering and stem cells research center, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahroud, Iran
| | - Ferial Taleghani
- Department of Periodontology, Dental School, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arian Ehterami
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farshid Bastami
- Dental research center, research institute of dental Science, school of dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Oral and maxillofacial surgery department, school of dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Hadis Semyari
- Dental student, faculty of dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Dual purpose hafnium oxide nanoparticles offer imaging Streptococcus mutans dental biofilm and fight it In vivo via a drug free approach. Biomaterials 2018; 181:252-267. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2018.07.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Almaaytah A, Qaoud MT, Abualhaijaa A, Al-Balas Q, Alzoubi KH. Hybridization and antibiotic synergism as a tool for reducing the cytotoxicity of antimicrobial peptides. Infect Drug Resist 2018; 11:835-847. [PMID: 29910626 PMCID: PMC5987794 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s166236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction As the development of new antimicrobial agents faces a historical decline, the issue of bacterial drug resistance has become a serious dilemma that threatens the human population worldwide. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) represent an attractive and a promising class of antimicrobial agents. Aim The hybridization of AMPs aimed at merging two individual active fragments of native peptides to generate a new AMP with altered physicochemical properties that translate into an enhanced safety profile. Materials and methods In this study, we have rationally designed a new hybrid peptide via combining two individual α-helical fragments of both BMAP-27 and OP-145. The resultant peptide, was evaluated for its antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity against a range of microbial strains. The resultant peptide was also evaluated for its toxicity against mammalian cells using hemolytic and anti proliferative assays. Results The antimicrobial activity of H4 revealed that the peptide is displaying a broad spectrum of activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria including standard and multidrug-resistant bacterial strains in the range of 2.5-25 μM. The new hybrid peptide displayed potent activity in eradicating biofilm-forming cells, and the reported minimum biofilm eradication concentrations were equal to the minimum inhibitory concentration values reported for planktonic cells. Additionally, H4 exhibited reduced toxicity profiles against eukaryotic cells. Combining H4 peptide with conventional antibiotics has led to a dramatic enhancement of the antimicrobial activity of both agents with synergistic or additive outcomes. Conclusion Overall, this study indicates the success of both the hybridization and synergism strategy in developing AMPs as potential antimicrobial therapeutics with reduced toxicity profiles that could be efficiently employed to eradicate resistant bacterial strains and enhance the selectivity and toxicity profiles of native AMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammar Almaaytah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Mohammed T Qaoud
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Ahmad Abualhaijaa
- Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Arts, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Qosay Al-Balas
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - Karem H Alzoubi
- Department Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
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Catte A, Wilson MR, Walker M, Oganesyan VS. Antimicrobial action of the cationic peptide, chrysophsin-3: a coarse-grained molecular dynamics study. SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:2796-2807. [PMID: 29595197 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm02152f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are small cationic proteins that are able to destabilize a lipid bilayer structure through one or more modes of action. In this study, we investigate the processes of peptide aggregation and pore formation in lipid bilayers and vesicles by the highly cationic AMP, Chrysophsin-3 (chrys-3), using coarse-grained molecular dynamics (CG-MD) simulations and potential of mean force calculations. We study long 50 μs simulations of chrys-3 at different concentrations, both at the surface of dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) and palmitoyloleoylphosphatidylcholine (POPC) bilayers, and also interacting within the interior of the lipid membrane. We show that aggregation of peptides at the surface, leads to pronounced deformation of lipid bilayers, leading in turn to lipid protrusions for peptide : ligand ratios > 1 : 12. In addition, aggregation of chrys-3 peptides within the centre of a lipid bilayer leads to spontaneous formation of pores and aggregates. Both mechanisms of interaction are consistent with previously reported experimental data for chrys-3. Similar results are observed also in POPC vesicles and mixed lipid bilayers composed of the zwitterionic lipid palmitoyloleoylphosphatidylethanolamine (POPE) and the negatively charged lipid palmitoyloleoylphosphatidylglycerol (POPG). The latter are employed as models of the bacterial membrane of Escherichia coli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Catte
- School of Chemistry, University of East Anglia, Norwich, NR4 7TJ, UK.
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30
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da Silva BR, Conrado AJS, Pereira AL, Evaristo FFV, Arruda FVS, Vasconcelos MA, Lorenzón EN, Cilli EM, Teixeira EH. Antibacterial activity of a novel antimicrobial peptide [W7]KR12-KAEK derived from KR-12 against Streptococcus mutans planktonic cells and biofilms. BIOFOULING 2017; 33:835-846. [PMID: 28967271 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2017.1374378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/24/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The aims of this study were to describe the synthesis of a novel synthetic peptide based on the primary structure of the KR-12 peptide and to evaluate its antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activities against Streptococcus mutans. The antimicrobial effect of KR-12 and [W7]KR12-KAEK was assessed by determining the minimum inhibitory (MIC) and minimum bactericidal (MBC) concentrations. The evaluation of anti-biofilm activity was assessed through total biomass quantification, colony forming unit counting and scanning electron microscopy. [W7]KR12-KAEK showed MIC and MBC values ranging from 31.25 to 7.8 and 62.5 to 15.6 μg ml-1, respectively. Furthermore, [W7]KR12-KAEK significantly reduced biofilm biomass (50-100%). Regarding cell viability, [W7]KR12-KAEK showed reductions in the number of CFUs at concentrations ranging from 62.5 to 7.8 μg ml-1 and 500 to 62.5 μg ml-1 with respect to biofilm formation and preformed biofilms, respectively. SEM micrographs of S. mutans treated with [W7]KR12-KAEK suggested damage to the bacterial surface. [W7]KR12-KAEK is demonstrated to be an antimicrobial agent to control microbial biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- B R da Silva
- a DPML/LIBS, Integrated Laboratory of Biomolecules , Federal University of Ceará , Fortaleza , Brazil
- d School of Dentistry , Universidade de Fortaleza - UNIFOR , Fortaleza , Brazil
| | - A J S Conrado
- a DPML/LIBS, Integrated Laboratory of Biomolecules , Federal University of Ceará , Fortaleza , Brazil
| | - A L Pereira
- a DPML/LIBS, Integrated Laboratory of Biomolecules , Federal University of Ceará , Fortaleza , Brazil
| | - F F V Evaristo
- a DPML/LIBS, Integrated Laboratory of Biomolecules , Federal University of Ceará , Fortaleza , Brazil
- b School of Dentistry , Faculdades INTA , Sobral , Brazil
| | - F V S Arruda
- a DPML/LIBS, Integrated Laboratory of Biomolecules , Federal University of Ceará , Fortaleza , Brazil
- b School of Dentistry , Faculdades INTA , Sobral , Brazil
| | - M A Vasconcelos
- a DPML/LIBS, Integrated Laboratory of Biomolecules , Federal University of Ceará , Fortaleza , Brazil
- e Department of Biological Sciences , Universidade do Estado do Rio Grande do Norte , Mossoró , Brazil
| | - E N Lorenzón
- f Institute of Biological Science , Universidade Federal de Goiás , Goiânia , Brazil
| | - E M Cilli
- c Institute of Chemistry , Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) , Araraquara , Brazil
| | - E H Teixeira
- a DPML/LIBS, Integrated Laboratory of Biomolecules , Federal University of Ceará , Fortaleza , Brazil
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Wang Z, Shen Y, Haapasalo M. Antibiofilm peptides against oral biofilms. J Oral Microbiol 2017; 9:1327308. [PMID: 28748031 PMCID: PMC5508375 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2017.1327308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Revised: 05/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The oral cavity is a major entry point for bacteria and other microorganisms. Oral biofilms are formed by mixed communities of microorganisms embedded in an exopolysaccharide matrix. Biofilms forming on dental hard or soft tissue are the major cause of caries and endodontic and periodontal disease. Human oral biofilms exhibit high resistance to antimicrobial agents. Antibiofilm peptides constitute a diverse class of host-defense molecules that act to combat invasion and infection with biofilms. Different in vitro and in vivo biofilm models with quantitative analysis have been established to provide predictable platforms for the evaluation of the antibiofilm effect of oral antibiofilm peptides. These peptides have engendered considerable interest in the past decades as potential alternatives to traditional disinfecting agents due to their ability to target bacterial biofilms specifically, leading to the prevention of biofilm formation and destruction of pre-existing biofilms by Gram-positive and -negative bacterial pathogens and fungi. At the same time, challenges associated with the application of these antibiofilm peptides in dental practice also exist. The production of effective, nontoxic, and stable antibiofilm peptides is desired in both academic and industrial fields. This review focuses on the antibiofilm properties of current synthetic peptides and their application in different areas of dentistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhejun Wang
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Ya Shen
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Markus Haapasalo
- Division of Endodontics, Department of Oral Biological and Medical Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Ciandrini E, Campana R, Baffone W. Live and heat-killed Lactobacillus spp. interfere with Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus oralis during biofilm development on titanium surface. Arch Oral Biol 2017; 78:48-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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A novel antimicrobial peptide against dental-caries-associated bacteria. Anaerobe 2017; 47:165-172. [PMID: 28571698 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2017.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Dental caries, a highly prevalent oral disease, is primarily caused by pathogenic bacteria infection, and most of them are anaerobic. Herein, we investigated the activity of a designed antimicrobial peptide ZXR-2, and found it showed broad-spectrum activity against a variety of Gram-positive and Gram-negative oral bacteria, particularly the caries-related taxa Streptococcus mutans. Time-course killing assays indicated that ZXR-2 killed most bacterial cells within 5 min at 4 × MIC. The mechanism of ZXR-2 involved disruption of cell membranes, as observed by scanning electron microscopy. Moreover, ZXR-2 inhibited the formation of S. mutans biofilm, but showed limited hemolytic effect. Based on its potent antimicrobial activity, rapid killing, and inhibition of S. mutans biofilm formation, ZXR-2 represents a potential therapeutic for the prevention and treatment of dental caries.
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Mai S, Mauger MT, Niu LN, Barnes JB, Kao S, Bergeron BE, Ling JQ, Tay FR. Potential applications of antimicrobial peptides and their mimics in combating caries and pulpal infections. Acta Biomater 2017; 49:16-35. [PMID: 27845274 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2016.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are short cationic host-defense molecules that provide the early stage of protection against invading microbes. They also have important modulatory roles and act as a bridge between innate and acquired immunity. The types and functions of oral AMPs were reviewed and experimental reports on the use of natural AMPs and their synthetic mimics in caries and pulpal infections were discussed. Natural AMPs in the oral cavity, predominantly defensins, cathelicidins and histatins, possess antimicrobial activities against oral pathogens and biofilms. Incomplete debridement of microorganisms in root canal space may precipitate an exacerbated immune response that results in periradicular bone resorption. Because of their immunomodulatory and wound healing potentials, AMPs stimulate pro-inflammatory cytokine production, recruit host defense cells and regulate immuno-inflammatory responses in the vicinity of the pulp and periapex. Recent rapid advances in the development of synthetic AMP mimics offer exciting opportunities for new therapeutic initiatives in root canal treatment and regenerative endodontics. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE Identification of new therapeutic strategies to combat antibiotic-resistant pathogens and biofilm-associated infections continues to be one of the major challenges in modern medicine. Despite the presence of commercialization hurdles and scientific challenges, interests in using antimicrobial peptides as therapeutic alternatives and adjuvants to combat pathogenic biofilms have never been foreshortened. Not only do these cationic peptides possess rapid killing ability, their multi-modal mechanisms of action render them advantageous in targeting different biofilm sub-populations. These factors, together with adjunctive bioactive functions such as immunomodulation and wound healing enhancement, render AMPs or their synthetic mimics exciting candidates to be considered as adjuncts in the treatment of caries, infected pulps and root canals.
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Takahashi H, Nadres ET, Kuroda K. Cationic Amphiphilic Polymers with Antimicrobial Activity for Oral Care Applications: Eradication of S. mutans Biofilm. Biomacromolecules 2016; 18:257-265. [PMID: 27992189 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b01598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of cationic amphiphilic methacrylate polymers against cariogenic bacterium S. mutans were investigated. Cationic homopolymer PE0 and copolymer PE31 containing 31 mol % of ethyl methacrylate were synthesized by reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization. These polymers displayed bactericidal activity toward S. mutans and prevented biofilm formation by killing the planktonic bacteria. At a concentration of 1000 μg/mL when incubated for 2 h the polymers reduced >80% of biofilm biomass. When the polymer assay solution with the biofilm was vigorously mixed using a pipet for 30 s, >50% of biofilm mass was removed at a polymer concentration of 250 μg/mL. Chlorhexidine and a cationic surfactant failed to reduce the biofilm mass at the same concentration. PE0 was the most effective in removing biofilm and did not show any significant cytotoxicity to human gingival fibroblast and periodontal ligament stem cells when incubated for 10 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haruko Takahashi
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Enrico T Nadres
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
| | - Kenichi Kuroda
- Department of Biologic and Materials Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan , Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, United States
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Design of a hydroxyapatite-binding antimicrobial peptide with improved retention and antibacterial efficacy for oral pathogen control. Sci Rep 2016; 6:38410. [PMID: 27910930 PMCID: PMC5133556 DOI: 10.1038/srep38410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Controlling and reducing the formation of pathogenic biofilm on tooth surface is the key to the prevention and treatment of the biofilm-associated oral diseases. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs), considered as possible future alternatives for conventional antibiotics, have been extensively studied for the control of bacterial infection. Due to the rapid dilution and degradation by human saliva, AMP preparations designed for oral use with longer retention and higher efficacy are in urgent need. To this end, a hydroxyapatite (HAp)-binding antimicrobial peptide (HBAMP), which is based on the fusion of a specific HAp-binding heptapeptide (HBP7) domain and a broad-spectrum antimicrobial peptide (KSLW) domain, has been developed in our laboratory. HBAMP was supposed to form a contact-active antibacterial interface on tooth surface to inhibit the formation of biofilms. In this study, we investigated its binding behaviour, antibacterial activity against bacteria in both planktonic and sessile states, enzymatic stability in human saliva, and cytocompatibility to human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs). Our findings suggest that HBAMP could adsorb on tooth surface to provide effective antibacterial activity with improved retention. This study provides a proof-of-concept on using conjugated molecules to promote antibacterial efficacy by synergistically actions of HBAMP free in solution and bound on tooth surface.
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Yang M, Zhang C, Zhang X, Zhang MZ, Rottinghaus GE, Zhang S. Structure-function analysis of Avian β-defensin-6 and β-defensin-12: role of charge and disulfide bridges. BMC Microbiol 2016; 16:210. [PMID: 27613063 PMCID: PMC5016922 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-016-0828-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Avian beta-defensins (AvBD) are small, cationic, antimicrobial peptides. The potential application of AvBDs as alternatives to antibiotics has been the subject of interest. However, the mechanisms of action remain to be fully understood. The present study characterized the structure-function relationship of AvBD-6 and AvBD-12, two peptides with different net positive charges, similar hydrophobicity and distinct tissue expression profiles. Results AvBD-6 was more potent than AvBD-12 against E. coli, S. Typhimurium, and S. aureus as well as clinical isolates of extended spectrum beta lactamase (ESBL)-positive E. coli and K. pneumoniae. AvBD-6 was more effective than AvBD-12 in neutralizing LPS and interacting with bacterial genomic DNA. Increasing bacterial concentration from 105 CFU/ml to 109 CFU/ml abolished AvBDs’ antimicrobial activity. Increasing NaCl concentration significantly inhibited AvBDs’ antimicrobial activity, but not the LPS-neutralizing function. Both AvBDs were mildly chemotactic for chicken macrophages and strongly chemotactic for CHO-K1 cells expressing chicken chemokine receptor 2 (CCR2). AvBD-12 at higher concentrations also induced chemotactic migration of murine immature dendritic cells (DCs). Disruption of disulfide bridges abolished AvBDs’ chemotactic activity. Neither AvBDs was toxic to CHO-K1, macrophages, or DCs. Conclusions AvBDs are potent antimicrobial peptides under low-salt conditions, effective LPS-neutralizing agents, and broad-spectrum chemoattractant peptides. Their antimicrobial activity is positively correlated with the peptides’ net positive charges, inversely correlated with NaCl concentration and bacterial concentration, and minimally dependent on intramolecular disulfide bridges. In contrast, their chemotactic property requires the presence of intramolecular disulfide bridges. Data from the present study provide a theoretical basis for the design of AvBD-based therapeutic and immunomodulatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Yang
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Chunye Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Xuehan Zhang
- Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Michael Z Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - George E Rottinghaus
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA.,Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
| | - Shuping Zhang
- Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA. .,Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA.
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Zhang M, Wei W, Sun Y, Jiang X, Ying X, Tao R, Ni L. Pleurocidin congeners demonstrate activity against Streptococcus and low toxicity on gingival fibroblasts. Arch Oral Biol 2016; 70:79-87. [PMID: 27341459 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2016.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2015] [Revised: 05/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Fish epidermal antimicrobial peptides, such as pleurocidin, are cathelicidins with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity against gram negative and gram-positive bacteria, as well as fungi. In the current study, we attempted to optimize peptide bioactivity by sequence modification and assess the antimicrobial activities. METHODS Fifteen pleurocidin analogues were designed, and the efficacy of pleurocidin congeners against common cariogenic microorganisms was tested; furthermore, we performed a preliminary study of the antimicrobial mechanism. We assayed the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimal bactericide concentration (MBC) and bactericidal kinetics to determine the cell killing activity. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the bacterial membrane after treatment with congeners' peptides. Human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) were also used in toxicity studies. RESULTS The MIC and MBC results indicated that peptide congeners had different antimicrobial activities against the tested oral strains. Toxicity studies indicated that several congener peptides had little effect on human gingival fibroblasts (HGFs) with 5min of in vitro treatment. CONCLUSION Our findings suggested that several pleurocidin congeners had the antimicrobial effect against Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguinis and Streptococcus sobrinus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjie Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, The 101 Military Hospital, Wuxi 214000, People's Republic of China
| | - Wang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingming Sun
- Department of Stomatology, The 101 Military Hospital, Wuxi 214000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiu Jiang
- School of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Anhui 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiu Ying
- School of Stomatology, Anhui Medical University, Anhui 230032, People's Republic of China
| | - Rui Tao
- Department of Stomatology, The 101 Military Hospital, Wuxi 214000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Longxing Ni
- State Key Laboratory of Military Stomatology, Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, People's Republic of China
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Falanga A, Lombardi L, Franci G, Vitiello M, Iovene MR, Morelli G, Galdiero M, Galdiero S. Marine Antimicrobial Peptides: Nature Provides Templates for the Design of Novel Compounds against Pathogenic Bacteria. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17050785. [PMID: 27213366 PMCID: PMC4881601 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17050785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Revised: 05/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of antibiotics for the treatment of bacterial infections brought the idea that bacteria would no longer endanger human health. However, bacterial diseases still represent a worldwide treat. The ability of microorganisms to develop resistance, together with the indiscriminate use of antibiotics, is mainly responsible for this situation; thus, resistance has compelled the scientific community to search for novel therapeutics. In this scenario, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) provide a promising strategy against a wide array of pathogenic microorganisms, being able to act directly as antimicrobial agents but also being important regulators of the innate immune system. This review is an attempt to explore marine AMPs as a rich source of molecules with antimicrobial activity. In fact, the sea is poorly explored in terms of AMPs, but it represents a resource with plentiful antibacterial agents performing their role in a harsh environment. For the application of AMPs in the medical field limitations correlated to their peptide nature, their inactivation by environmental pH, presence of salts, proteases, or other components have to be solved. Thus, these peptides may act as templates for the design of more potent and less toxic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annarita Falanga
- Department of Pharmacy, CIRPEB-University of Naples "Federico II", Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Lucia Lombardi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, II University of Naples, Via De Crecchio 7, 80138 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Gianluigi Franci
- Department of Experimental Medicine, II University of Naples, Via De Crecchio 7, 80138 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Mariateresa Vitiello
- Department of Experimental Medicine, II University of Naples, Via De Crecchio 7, 80138 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Maria Rosaria Iovene
- Department of Experimental Medicine, II University of Naples, Via De Crecchio 7, 80138 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Giancarlo Morelli
- Department of Pharmacy, CIRPEB-University of Naples "Federico II", Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Massimiliano Galdiero
- Department of Experimental Medicine, II University of Naples, Via De Crecchio 7, 80138 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Stefania Galdiero
- Department of Pharmacy, CIRPEB-University of Naples "Federico II", Via Mezzocannone 16, 80134 Napoli, Italy.
- John Felice Rome Center, Loyola University Chicago, Via Massimi 114, 00136 Roma, Italy.
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Jurczak A, Kościelniak D, Papież M, Vyhouskaya P, Krzyściak W. A study on β-defensin-2 and histatin-5 as a diagnostic marker of early childhood caries progression. Biol Res 2015; 48:61. [PMID: 26520150 PMCID: PMC4628373 DOI: 10.1186/s40659-015-0050-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Recently, a continuous growth of interest has been observed in antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) in the light of an alarming increase in resistance of bacteria and fungi against antibiotics. AMPs are used as biomarkers in diagnosis and monitoring of oral cavity pathologies. Therefore, the determination of specific protein profiles in children diagnosed with early childhood caries (ECC) might be a basis for effective screening tests and specialized examinations which may enable progression of disease. Methods The objective of the studies was to determine the role of histatin-5 and β-defensing-2 as a diagnostic marker of early childhood caries progression. In this work, results of concentration determination of two salivary proteins (histatin-5 and β-defensin-2) were presented. In addition, bacterial profiles from dental plaque in various stages of ECC and control were marked. The assessment of alteration in the concentration of these two proteins in a study group of children with various stages of ECC and a control group consisting of children with no symptoms was performed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Results The statistical analysis showed a significant increase in the concentration of histatin-5 and β-defensin-2 in the study group compared to the control group and correlated with the progression of the disease. Conclusions The confirmation of concentration changes in these proteins during the progression of dental caries may discover valuable disease progression biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Jurczak
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Dorota Kościelniak
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Institute of Dentistry, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Monika Papież
- Department of Cytobiology, Pharmacy Faculty, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Palina Vyhouskaya
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, Pharmacy Faculty, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, 9 Medyczna St., 30-688, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Wirginia Krzyściak
- Department of Medical Diagnostics, Pharmacy Faculty, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, 9 Medyczna St., 30-688, Krakow, Poland.
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Quilès F, Saadi S, Francius G, Bacharouche J, Humbert F. In situ and real time investigation of the evolution of a Pseudomonas fluorescens nascent biofilm in the presence of an antimicrobial peptide. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2015; 1858:75-84. [PMID: 26525662 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2015.10.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Against the increase of bacterial resistance to traditional antibiotics, antimicrobial peptides (AMP) are considered as promising alternatives. Bacterial biofilms are more resistant to antibiotics that their planktonic counterpart. The purpose of this study was to investigate the action of an AMP against a nascent bacterial biofilm. The activity of dermaseptin S4 derivative S4(1-16)M4Ka against 6 h-old Pseudomonas fluorescens biofilms was assessed by using a combination of Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier Transform InfraRed (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy in situ and in real time, fluorescence microscopy using the Baclight™ kit, and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM, imaging and force spectroscopy). After exposure to the peptide at three concentrations, different dramatic and fast changes over time were observed in the ATR-FTIR fingerprints reflecting a concentration-dependent action of the AMP. The ATR-FTIR spectra revealed major biochemical and physiological changes, adsorption/accumulation of the AMP on the bacteria, loss of membrane lipids, bacterial detachment, bacterial regrowth, or inhibition of biofilm growth. AFM allowed estimating at the nanoscale the effect of the AMP on the nanomechanical properties of the sessile bacteria. The bacterial membrane elasticity data measured by force spectroscopy were consistent with ATR-FTIR spectra, and they allowed suggesting a mechanism of action of this AMP on sessile P. fluorescens. The combination of these three techniques is a powerful tool for in situ and in real time monitoring the activity of AMPs against bacteria in a biofilm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabienne Quilès
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et Microbiologie pour l'Environnement, LCPME, UMR 7564, Villers-lès-Nancy, F-54600, France; Université de Lorraine, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et Microbiologie pour l'Environnement, LCPME, UMR 7564, Villers-lès-Nancy, F-54600, France.
| | - Souhir Saadi
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et Microbiologie pour l'Environnement, LCPME, UMR 7564, Villers-lès-Nancy, F-54600, France; Université de Lorraine, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et Microbiologie pour l'Environnement, LCPME, UMR 7564, Villers-lès-Nancy, F-54600, France; Laboratoire de Biochimie Faculté de Médecine de Sousse, Avenue Mohamed Karoui, 4002 Sousse, Tunisia
| | - Grégory Francius
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et Microbiologie pour l'Environnement, LCPME, UMR 7564, Villers-lès-Nancy, F-54600, France; Université de Lorraine, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et Microbiologie pour l'Environnement, LCPME, UMR 7564, Villers-lès-Nancy, F-54600, France
| | - Jalal Bacharouche
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et Microbiologie pour l'Environnement, LCPME, UMR 7564, Villers-lès-Nancy, F-54600, France; Université de Lorraine, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et Microbiologie pour l'Environnement, LCPME, UMR 7564, Villers-lès-Nancy, F-54600, France
| | - François Humbert
- CNRS, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et Microbiologie pour l'Environnement, LCPME, UMR 7564, Villers-lès-Nancy, F-54600, France; Université de Lorraine, Laboratoire de Chimie Physique et Microbiologie pour l'Environnement, LCPME, UMR 7564, Villers-lès-Nancy, F-54600, France
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Samprasit W, Rojanarata T, Akkaramongkolporn P, Ngawhirunpat T, Kaomongkolgit R, Opanasopit P. Fabrication and In Vitro/In Vivo Performance of Mucoadhesive Electrospun Nanofiber Mats Containing α-Mangostin. AAPS PharmSciTech 2015; 16:1140-52. [PMID: 25716329 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-015-0300-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to fabricate mucoadhesive electrospun nanofiber mats containing α-mangostin for the maintenance of oral hygiene and reduction of the bacterial growth that causes dental caries. Synthesized thiolated chitosan (CS-SH) blended with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was selected as the mucoadhesive polymer. α-Mangostin was incorporated into the CS-SH/PVA solution and electrospun to obtain nanofiber mats. Scanning electron microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray diffraction, and tensile strength testing were used to characterize the mats. The swelling degree and mucoadhesion were also determined. The nanofiber mats were further evaluated regarding their α-mangostin content, in vitro α-mangostin release, antibacterial activity, cytotoxicity, in vivo performance, and stability. The results indicated that the mats were in the nanometer range. The α-mangostin was well incorporated into the mats, with an amorphous form. The mats showed suitable tensile strength, swelling, and mucoadhesive properties. The loading capacity increased when the initial amount of α-mangostin was increased. Rapid release of α-mangostin from the mats was achieved. Additionally, a fast bacterial killing rate occurred at the lowest concentration of nanofiber mats when α-mangostin was added to the mats. The mats were less cytotoxic after use for 72 h. Moreover, in vivo testing indicated that the mats could reduce the number of oral bacteria, with a good mouth feel. The mats maintained the amount of α-mangostin for 6 months. The results suggest that α-mangostin-loaded mucoadhesive electrospun nanofiber mats may be a promising material for oral care and the prevention of dental caries.
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Lozeau LD, Alexander TE, Camesano TA. Proposed Mechanisms of Tethered Antimicrobial Peptide Chrysophsin-1 as a Function of Tether Length Using QCM-D. J Phys Chem B 2015; 119:13142-51. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.5b06883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay D. Lozeau
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, Massachusetts 01609, United States
| | - Todd E. Alexander
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, Massachusetts 01609, United States
| | - Terri A. Camesano
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Worcester Polytechnic Institute, 100 Institute Road, Worcester, Massachusetts 01609, United States
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Lo YL, Tu WC. Co-encapsulation of chrysophsin-1 and epirubicin in PEGylated liposomes circumvents multidrug resistance in HeLa cells. Chem Biol Interact 2015; 242:13-23. [PMID: 26335193 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2015.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 07/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Chrysophsin-1, an amphipathic alpha-helical antimicrobial peptide, is isolated from the gills of the red sea bream and possesses different structure and mechanism(s) in comparison with traditional multidrug resistance (MDR) modulators. For the purpose of reducing off-target normal cell toxicity, it is rational to incorporate chrysophsin-1 and epirubicin in a PEGylated liposomal formulation. In the present study, we report a multifunctional liposomes with epirubicin as an antineoplastic agent and an apoptosis inducer, as well as chrysophsin-1 as a MDR transporter inhibitor and an apoptosis modulator in human cervical cancer HeLa cells. Co-incubation of HeLa cells with PEGylated liposomal formulation of epirubicin and chrysophsin-1 resulted in a significant increase in the cytotoxicity of epirubicin. The liposomal formulations of epirubicin and/or chrysophsin-1 were shown to considerably improve the intracellular H2O2 and O2(-) levels of HeLa cells. Furthermore, these treatments were found to extensively reduce mRNA expression levels of MDR1, MRP1, and MRP2. The addition of chrysophsin-1 in liposomes was demonstrated to substantially enhance the intracellular accumulation of epirubicin in HeLa cells. Moreover, the PEGylated liposomes of epirubicin and chrysophsin-1 were also found to significantly increase the mRNA expressions of p53, Bax, and Bcl-2. The ratio of Bax to Bcl-2 was noticeably amplified in the presence of these formulations. Apoptosis induction was also validated by chromatin condensation, a reduction in mitochondrial membrane potential, the increased sub-G1 phase of cell cycle, and more populations of apoptosis using annexin V/PI assay. These formulations were verified to increase the activity and mRNA expression levels of caspase-9 and caspases-3. Collectively, our findings provide the first evidence that cotreatment with free or liposomal chrysophsin-1 and epirubicin leads to cell death in human cervical cancer cells through the ROS-mediated inhibition of P-gp and MRPs and concerted activation of mitochondrial apoptosis pathway. Thus, chrysophsin-1 represents a potential antimicrobial peptide to function as a new generation of MDR-reversing agent to enhance the activity of cancer chemotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Li Lo
- Department and Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Wei-Chen Tu
- Department of Biological Sciences and Technology, National University of Tainan, Tainan, Taiwan
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Suwandecha T, Srichana T, Balekar N, Nakpheng T, Pangsomboon K. Novel antimicrobial peptide specifically active against Porphyromonas gingivalis. Arch Microbiol 2015; 197:899-909. [PMID: 26041027 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-015-1126-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis, the major etiologic agent of chronic periodontitis, produces a broad spectrum of virulence factors, including outer membrane vesicles, lipopolysaccharides, hemolysins and proteinases. Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) including bacteriocins have been found to inhibit the growth of P. gingivalis; however, these peptides are relatively large molecules. Hence, it is difficult to synthesize them by a scale-up production. Therefore, this study aimed to synthesize a shorter AMP that was still active against P. gingivalis. A peptide that contained three cationic amino acids (Arg, His and Lys), two anionic amino acids (Glu and Asp), hydrophobic amino acids residues (Leu, Ile, Val, Ala and Pro) and hydrophilic residues (Ser and Gly) was obtained and named Pep-7. Its bioactivity and stability were tested after various treatments. The mechanism of action of Pep-7 and its toxicity to human red blood cells were investigated. The Pep-7 inhibited two pathogenic P. gingivalis ATCC 33277 and P. gingivalis ATCC 53978 (wp50) strains at a minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 1.7 µM, but was ineffective against other oral microorganisms (P. intermedia, Tannerella forsythensis, Streptococcus salivarius and Streptococcus sanguinis). From transmission electron microscopy studies, Pep-7 caused pore formation at the poles of the cytoplasmic membranes of P. gingivalis. A concentration of Pep-7 at four times that of its MBC induced some hemolysis but only at 0.3%. The Pep-7 was heat stable under pressure (autoclave at 110 and 121 °C) and possessed activity over a pH range of 6.8-8.5. It was not toxic to periodontal cells over a range of 70.8-4.4 μM and did not induce toxic pro-inflammatory cytokines. The Pep-7 showed selective activity against Porphyromonas sp. by altering the permeability barriers of P. gingivalis. The Pep-7 was not mutagenic in vitro. This work highlighted the potential for the use of this synthetic Pep-7 against P. gingivalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Suwandecha
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nanotec-PSU Center of Excellence on Drug Delivery System, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, 90112, Songkhla, Thailand
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The Design and Functional Characterization of the Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Activities of BMAP27-Melittin, a Rationally Designed Hybrid Peptide. Int J Pept Res Ther 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10989-014-9444-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Lima SMDF, de Pádua GM, Sousa MGDC, Freire MDS, Franco OL, Rezende TMB. Antimicrobial peptide-based treatment for endodontic infections--biotechnological innovation in endodontics. Biotechnol Adv 2014; 33:203-213. [PMID: 25447423 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2014.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2014] [Revised: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The presence/persistence of microorganisms in the pulp and periapical area corresponds to the maintenance of an exacerbated immune response that leads to the start of periradicular bone resorption and its perpetuation. In endodontic treatment, the available intracanal medications do not have all the desirable properties in the context of endodontic infection and apical periodontitis; they need to include not only strong antimicrobial performance but also an immunomodulatory and reparative activity, without host damage. In addition, there are various levels of resistance to root canal medications. Thus, antimicrobial agents that effectively eliminate resistant species in root canals could potentially improve endodontic treatment. In the emergence of new therapies, an increasing number of studies on antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been seen over the past few years. AMPs are defense biomolecules produced in response to infection, and they have a wide spectrum of action against many oral microorganisms. There are some studies that correlate peptides and oral infections, including oral peptides, neuropeptides, and bacterial, fish, bovine and synthetic peptides. So far, there are around 120 published studies correlating endodontic microbiota with AMPs but, according to our knowledge, there are no registered patents in the American patent database. There are a considerable number of AMPs that exhibit excellent antimicrobial activity against endodontic microbiota at a small inhibitory concentration and modulate an exacerbated immune response, down-regulating bone resorption. All these reasons indicate the antimicrobial peptide-based endodontic treatment as an emerging and promising option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stella Maris de Freitas Lima
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, SGAN 916N, Av. W5, Campus II, Modulo C, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Curso de Odontologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Campus I, QS 07 Lote 01 room S213 EPCT, Águas Claras, Taguatinga, DF, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Martins de Pádua
- Curso de Odontologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Campus I, QS 07 Lote 01 room S213 EPCT, Águas Claras, Taguatinga, DF, Brazil
| | - Maurício Gonçalves da Costa Sousa
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, SGAN 916N, Av. W5, Campus II, Modulo C, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Curso de Odontologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Campus I, QS 07 Lote 01 room S213 EPCT, Águas Claras, Taguatinga, DF, Brazil
| | - Mirna de Souza Freire
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, SGAN 916N, Av. W5, Campus II, Modulo C, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Programa de Doutorado da Rede Centro-Oeste, Brasília, DF, Brazil
| | - Octávio Luiz Franco
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, SGAN 916N, Av. W5, Campus II, Modulo C, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Programa de Doutorado da Rede Centro-Oeste, Brasília, DF, Brazil; S-Inova, Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, MS, Brazil
| | - Taia Maria Berto Rezende
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Pós-graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, SGAN 916N, Av. W5, Campus II, Modulo C, Brasília, DF, Brazil; Curso de Odontologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Campus I, QS 07 Lote 01 room S213 EPCT, Águas Claras, Taguatinga, DF, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde (FS), Campus Universitário Darcy Ribeiro, Brasília, DF, Brazil.
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Costa E, Silva S, Costa M, Pereira M, Campos D, Odila J, Madureira A, Cardelle-Cobas A, Tavaria F, Rodrigues A, Pintado M. Chitosan mouthwash: Toxicity and in vivo validation. Carbohydr Polym 2014; 111:385-92. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2014] [Revised: 04/09/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Shang D, Liang H, Wei S, Yan X, Yang Q, Sun Y. Effects of antimicrobial peptide L-K6, a temporin-1CEb analog on oral pathogen growth, Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation, and anti-inflammatory activity. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2014; 98:8685-95. [PMID: 25056289 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-014-5927-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2014] [Revised: 06/16/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Dental caries and periodontitis are common bacterial mouth infections. As a potentially attractive substitute for conventional antibiotics, antimicrobial peptides have been widely tested and used for controlling bacterial infections. In this study, we tested the efficacy of the peptides from the skin secretions of Rana chensinensis for killing several major cariogenic and periodontic pathogens as well as Candida albicans. L-K6, a temporin-1CEb analog, exhibited high antimicrobial activity against the tested oral pathogens and was able to inhibit Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation and reduce 1-day-old S. mutans biofilms with a minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration and reducing concentration of 3.13 and 6.25 μM, respectively. The results of confocal laser scanning microscopy demonstrated that the peptide significantly reduced cell viability within oral biofilms. Furthermore, as little as 5 μM L-K6 significantly inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- and interleukin-1β-induced productions of interleukin-8 and tumor necrosis factor-α from THP-1 monocytic cells. This anti-inflammatory activity is associated with the binding of L-K6 to LPS and neutralizing LPS-induced proinflammatory responses in THP-1 cells, as well as dissociating LPS aggregates. Our results suggest that L-K6 may have potential clinical applications in treating dental caries by killing S. mutans within dental plaque and acting as anti-inflammatory agents in infected tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejing Shang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian, 116081, People's Republic of China,
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Barbieri DSV, Tonial F, Lopez PVA, Sales Maia BHLN, Santos GD, Ribas MO, Glienke C, Vicente VA. Antiadherent activity of Schinus terebinthifolius and Croton urucurana extracts on in vitro biofilm formation of Candida albicans and Streptococcus mutans. Arch Oral Biol 2014; 59:887-96. [PMID: 24907518 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2014.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Revised: 04/03/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the antiadherent property of crude, methanol and acetate methanol extract fractions from Schinus terebinthifolius and Croton urucurana in hydroalcoholic (HA) and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) solvents on in vitro biofilms formed by Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans strains. DESIGN The minimal concentration of adherence (MICA) was determined to evaluate the antiadherent potential of extracts on the in vitro biofilm formation. The extracts of plants were subjected to thin layer chromatography (TLC) in order to detect what class of compounds was responsible for the antiadherent activity. Data were estimated by analysis of variance (ANOVA) complemented by Tukey test level of significance set at 5%. RESULTS Both plants demonstrated inhibition of S. mutans and C. albicans on in vitro biofilm formation. The biofilms of C. albicans were more efficiently inhibited by the S. terebinthifolius fraction of acetate-methanol and methanol in hydroalcoholic solvents (p<0.05). The S. mutans biofilms adherence was best inhibited by the S. terebinthifolius crude extract and its methanolic fraction, both in hydroalcoholic solvent (p<0.05). TLC of crude extracts and fractions of S. terebinthifolius detected the presence of several active compounds, including phenolic compounds, anthraquinones, terpenoids, and alkaloids. C. urucurana extracts confirmed activity for both microorganisms (p<0.05). However, higher concentrations were needed to achieve antiadherent activity, mainly to inhibit in vitro biofilm formation of C. albicans. CONCLUSION The antiadherent potential of both plants on in vitro biofilms formed by C. albicans and S. mutans were confirmed, suggesting the importance of studies about these extracts for therapeutic prevention of oral diseases associated with oral biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dicler S V Barbieri
- Post-Graduation Program Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology, Basic Pathology Department, Federal University of Parana State, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Tonial
- Post-Graduation Program Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology, Basic Pathology Department, Federal University of Parana State, Paraná, Brazil; Department of Genetics, Federal University of Parana State, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Patricia V A Lopez
- Post-Graduation Program Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology, Basic Pathology Department, Federal University of Parana State, Paraná, Brazil; Tropical Medicine Institute, Assunção, Paraguay
| | | | - Germana D Santos
- Post-Graduation Program Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology, Basic Pathology Department, Federal University of Parana State, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Marina O Ribas
- School of Health and Biological Sciences - Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Brazil
| | - Chirlei Glienke
- Department of Genetics, Federal University of Parana State, Paraná, Brazil.
| | - Vania A Vicente
- Post-Graduation Program Microbiology, Parasitology and Pathology, Basic Pathology Department, Federal University of Parana State, Paraná, Brazil; Fellowship from Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq), Brasília, Brazil.
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