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Yakupova EI, Abramicheva PA, Bocharnikov AD, Andrianova NV, Plotnikov EY. Biomarkers of the End-Stage Renal Disease Progression: Beyond the GFR. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2023; 88:1622-1644. [PMID: 38105029 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297923100164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease can progress to the end-stage renal disease (ESRD) characterized by a high risk of morbidity and mortality. ESRD requires immediate therapy or even dialysis or kidney transplantation, therefore, its timely diagnostics is critical for many patients. ESRD is associated with pathological changes, such as inflammation, fibrosis, endocrine disorders, and epigenetic changes in various cells, which could serve as ESRD markers. The review summarizes information on conventional and new ESRD biomarkers that can be assessed in kidney tissue, blood, and urine. Some biomarkers are specific to a particular pathology, while others are more universal. Here, we suggest several universal inflammatory, fibrotic, hormonal, and epigenetic markers indicative of severe deterioration of renal function and ESRD progression for improvement of ESRD diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elmira I Yakupova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia.
| | - Polina A Abramicheva
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Alexey D Bocharnikov
- International School of Medicine of the Future, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, 119992, Russia
| | - Nadezda V Andrianova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia
| | - Egor Y Plotnikov
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119234, Russia.
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Perinatology, Moscow, 117997, Russia
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2
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Prickett TC, A Espiner E. Circulating products of C-type natriuretic peptide and links with organ function in health and disease. Peptides 2020; 132:170363. [PMID: 32634451 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2020.170363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Paracrine actions of CNP and rapid degradation at source severely limit study of CNP's many roles in vivo. However provided sensitive and validated assays are used, there is increasing evidence that low concentrations of bioactive CNP in plasma, and the readily detectable concentrations of the bio-inactive processed product of proCNP (aminoterminal proCNP), can be used to advance understanding of the hormone's role in pathophysiology. Provided renal function is normal, concordant changes in both CNP and NTproCNP reflect change in tissue production of proCNP whereas change in CNP alone results from altered rates of bioactive CNP degradation and are reflected in the ratio of NTproCNP to CNP. As already shown in juveniles, where plasma concentration of CNP products are higher and are associated with concurrent endochondral bone growth, measurements of plasma CNP products in mature adults have potential to clarify organ response to stress and injury. Excepting the role of CNP in fetal-maternal welfare, this review examines evidence linking plasma CNP products with function of a wide range of tissues in adults, including the impact of extraneous factors such as nutrients, hormone therapy and exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Cr Prickett
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, PO Box 4345, Christchurch, 8140 New Zealand.
| | - Eric A Espiner
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, PO Box 4345, Christchurch, 8140 New Zealand
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3
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Zhang DD, Wu YF, Chen WX, Xu Y, Liu SY, Luo HH, Jiang GM, Wu Y, Hu P. C-type natriuretic peptide attenuates renal osteodystrophy through inhibition of FGF-23/MAPK signaling. Exp Mol Med 2019; 51:1-18. [PMID: 31263178 PMCID: PMC6802631 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-019-0265-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal osteodystrophy (ROD) occurs as early as chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 2 and seems ubiquitous in almost all pediatric patients with CKD stage 5. Fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-23, a bone-derived endocrine regulator of phosphate homeostasis, is overexpressed in CKD and disturbs osteoblast differentiation and matrix mineralization. In contrast, C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) acts as a potent positive regulator of bone growth. In the present study, we infused CNP into uremic rats and observed whether CNP could attenuate ROD through the inhibition of FGF-23 cascades. In uremic rats, CNP administration significantly alleviated renal dysfunction, calcium phosphate metabolic disorders, hypovitaminosis D, secondary hyperparathyroidism, the decrease in bone turnover markers and retarded bone pathological progression. More importantly, within FGF-23/mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling, the fibroblast growth factor receptor-1, Klotho and alternative (STAT-1/phospho-STAT-1) elements were upregulated by CNP, whereas FGF-23, RAF-1/phospho-RAF-1, and downstream (ERK/phospho-ERK and P38/phospho-P38) elements were paradoxically underexpressed in bone tissue. Therefore, CNP exerts a therapeutic effect on ROD through inhibition of FGF-23/MAPK signaling at the RAF-1 level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Dong Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Ji-Xi Road, 230022, Hefei, China
| | - Yang Fang Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Ji-Xi Road, 230022, Hefei, China
| | - Wei Xia Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Ji-Xi Road, 230022, Hefei, China
| | - Yao Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Ji-Xi Road, 230022, Hefei, China
| | - Si Yan Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Ji-Xi Road, 230022, Hefei, China
| | - Huang Huang Luo
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Ji-Xi Road, 230022, Hefei, China
| | - Guang Mei Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Ji-Xi Road, 230022, Hefei, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Ji-Xi Road, 230022, Hefei, China
| | - Peng Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Ji-Xi Road, 230022, Hefei, China.
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4
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Hosohata K, Jin D, Takai S, Iwanaga K. Vanin-1 in Renal Pelvic Urine Reflects Kidney Injury in a Rat Model of Hydronephrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19103186. [PMID: 30332759 PMCID: PMC6214032 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Revised: 10/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Urinary tract obstruction and the subsequent development of hydronephrosis can cause kidney injuries, which results in chronic kidney disease. Although it is important to detect kidney injuries at an early stage, new biomarkers of hydronephrosis have not been identified. In this study, we examined whether vanin-1 could be a potential biomarker for hydronephrosis. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). On day 7 after UUO, when the histopathological renal tubular injuries became obvious, the vanin-1 level in the renal pelvic urine was significantly higher than that in voided urine from sham-operated rats. Furthermore, vanin-1 remained at the same level until day 14. There was no significant difference in the serum vanin-1 level between sham-operated rats and rats with UUO. In the kidney tissue, the mRNA and protein expressions of vanin-1 significantly decreased, whereas there was increased expression of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 and Snail-1, which plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of renal fibrosis via epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). These results suggest that vanin-1 in the renal pelvic urine is released from the renal tubular cells of UUO rats and reflects renal tubular injuries at an early stage. Urinary vanin-1 may serve as a candidate biomarker of renal tubular injury due to hydronephrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiko Hosohata
- Education and Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka 569-1094, Japan.
| | - Denan Jin
- Department of Innovative Medicine, Osaka Medical College, Osaka 569-8686, Japan.
| | - Shinji Takai
- Department of Innovative Medicine, Osaka Medical College, Osaka 569-8686, Japan.
| | - Kazunori Iwanaga
- Education and Research Center for Clinical Pharmacy, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka 569-1094, Japan.
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5
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Day A, Jameson Z, Hyde C, Simbi B, Fowkes R, Lawson C. C-Type Natriuretic Peptide (CNP) Inhibition of Interferon-γ-Mediated Gene Expression in Human Endothelial Cells In Vitro. BIOSENSORS-BASEL 2018; 8:bios8030086. [PMID: 30223437 PMCID: PMC6164118 DOI: 10.3390/bios8030086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, now account for more deaths in the Western world than from any other cause. Atherosclerosis has a chronic inflammatory component involving Th1 pro-inflammatory cytokines such as IFN-γ, which is known to induce endothelial cell inflammatory responses. On the other hand CNP, which acts via its receptors to elevate intracellular cGMP, is produced by endothelium and endocardium and is upregulated in atherosclerosis. It is believed to be protective, however its role in vascular inflammation is not well understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of CNP on human endothelial cell inflammatory responses following IFN-γ stimulation. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells were treated with either IFN-γ (10 ng/mL) or CNP (100 nm), or both in combination, followed by analysis by flow cytometry for expression of MHC class I and ICAM-1. IFN-γ significantly increased expression of both molecules, which was significantly inhibited by CNP or the cGMP donor 8-Bromoguanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (1 µm). CNP also reduced IFN-γ mediated kynurenine generation by the IFN-γ regulated enzyme indoleamine-2,3-deoxygenase (IDO). We conclude that CNP downmodulates IFN-γ induced pro-inflammatory gene expression in human endothelial cells via a cGMP-mediated pathway. Thus, CNP may have a protective role in vascular inflammation and novel therapeutic strategies for CVD based on upregulation of endothelial CNP expression could reduce chronic EC inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Day
- Cardiovascular and Inflammation Biology Group, Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Royal College Street London, NW1 0TU, UK.
- Endocrine Signalling Group, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK.
| | - Zoe Jameson
- Cardiovascular and Inflammation Biology Group, Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Royal College Street London, NW1 0TU, UK.
- Endocrine Signalling Group, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK.
| | - Carolyn Hyde
- Bio-Analysis Centre, London Bioscience Innovation Centre, Royal College Street, London NW1 0NH, UK.
| | - Bigboy Simbi
- Endocrine Signalling Group, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK.
| | - Robert Fowkes
- Endocrine Signalling Group, Royal Veterinary College, University of London, Royal College Street, London NW1 0TU, UK.
| | - Charlotte Lawson
- Cardiovascular and Inflammation Biology Group, Comparative Biomedical Sciences, Royal Veterinary College, Royal College Street London, NW1 0TU, UK.
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6
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Hu P, Liu SY, Zhang DD, Xu Y, Xia X. Urinary C-type natriuretic peptide excretion: a promising biomarker to detect underlying renal injury and remodeling both acutely and chronically. Biomark Med 2016; 10:999-1008. [PMID: 27586401 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2016-0089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) refers to a sudden decline in renal function. A growing body of evidence demonstrates that AKI is a risk factor for the future development or accelerated progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD), whereas the actual distinction between AKI and CKD remains unknown. CNP is predominantly present in the kidney and possesses multiple renoprotective properties. Urinary CNP excretion tends to be high in AKI, whereas back to the baseline in CKD. The dynamic changes in urinary CNP excretion may help detect underlying renal injury and remodeling both acutely and chronically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Hefei 230022, PR China
| | - Si Yan Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Hefei 230022, PR China
| | - Dong Dong Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Hefei 230022, PR China
| | - Yao Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Hefei 230022, PR China
| | - Xun Xia
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, 218 Jixi Road, Hefei 230022, PR China
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7
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Hu P, Xia X, Xuan Q, Huang BY, Liu SY, Zhang DD, Jiang GM, Xu Y, Qin YH. Neutral endopeptidase and natriuretic peptide receptors participate in the regulation of C-type natriuretic peptide expression in renal interstitial fibrosis. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2016; 37:71-83. [PMID: 27278005 DOI: 10.3109/10799893.2016.1155068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Xun Xia
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Xuan
- Department of Urology, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Bao Yu Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Si Yan Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Dong Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang Mei Jiang
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yao Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuan Han Qin
- Department of Pediatrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
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8
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Hu P, Huang BY, Xia X, Xuan Q, Hu B, Qin YH. Therapeutic effect of CNP on renal osteodystrophy by antagonizing the FGF-23/MAPK pathway. J Recept Signal Transduct Res 2015; 36:213-9. [DOI: 10.3109/10799893.2015.1075041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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9
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Exogenous C-type natriuretic peptide infusion ameliorates unilateral ureteral obstruction-induced tubulointerstitial fibrosis in rats. J Transl Med 2015; 95:263-72. [PMID: 25437644 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2014.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Although many experimental therapeutic roles for C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) have been documented in the field of cardiovascular and pulmonary-vascular disease, the therapeutic uses of CNP to nephropathies are not as well documented. In this study, we established a rat model of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) to observe the beneficial effects of CNP on tubulointerstitial fibrosis (TIF). In UUO rats, CNP administration induced a significant increase in plasma CNP levels, and caused a significant decrease in blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels. In addition, CNP infusion also alleviated the pathological lesions and collagen IV accumulation in the obstructed kidneys through downregulation of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1) and TIMP-2 expression. In conclusion, exogenous CNP infusion can ameliorate UUO-induced TIF in rats. However, the use of CNP as a therapeutic agent requires further evaluation before being considered for human TIF.
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10
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Urinary C-type natriuretic peptide: an emerging biomarker for heart failure and renal remodeling. Clin Chim Acta 2014; 443:108-13. [PMID: 25512164 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2014.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2014] [Revised: 11/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The public health and economic burden of heart failure (HF) is staggering and the need for relevant pathophysiologic and clinical biomarkers to advance the field and improve HF therapy remains high. Renal dysfunction is common among HF patients and is associated with increased HF hospitalization and mortality. It is widely recognized that mechanisms contributing to HF pathogenesis include a complex bidirectional interaction between the kidney and heart, encompassed by the term cardiorenal syndrome (CRS). Among a new wave of urinary biomarkers germane to CRS, C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) has emerged as an innovative biomarker of renal structural and functional impairment in HF and chronic renal disease states. CNP is a hormone, synthesized in the kidney, and is an important regulator of cell proliferation and organ fibrosis. Hypoxia, cytokines and fibrotic growth factors, which are inherent to both cardiac and renal remodeling processes, are among the recognized stimuli for CNP production and release. In this review we aim to highlight current knowledge regarding the biology and pathophysiological correlates of urinary CNP, and its potential clinical utility as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in HF and renal disease states.
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11
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Hu P, Zhao XQ, Wang J, Kong HB, Hu B, Lu L, Qin YH. Paradoxical expressions of natriuretic peptide receptor-C and neutral endopeptidase account for C-type natriuretic peptide decline during the progression of experimental obstructive nephropathy. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2013; 15:458-65. [PMID: 24189506 DOI: 10.1177/1470320313507121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Peng Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, China
| | - Xue Qi Zhao
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, China
| | - Hai Bo Kong
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, China
| | - Bo Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, China
| | - Ling Lu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, China
| | - Yuan Han Qin
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, China
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12
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Hu P, Zhao XQ, Wang J, Cai J, Hu B, Lu L, Xuan Q, Qin YH. Simplified stereological evaluation of renal morphology after unilateral ureteral obstruction. Int J Med Sci 2013; 10:385-91. [PMID: 23471135 PMCID: PMC3590597 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.5182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2012] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND METHODS This study established a simple stereological method to obtain quantitative information about two- or three-dimensional structures based on observations from kidney sections in the unilateral ureteral obstruction(UUO) model. RESULTS Tubulointerstitial area(TA) and TA/the area of a rectangular field(RA) were raised gradually, but significantly, in the obstructed kidney from 1 to 3months post-ligation in comparison to the sham kidney of sham-operated rats(SOR). On the contrary, glomerular area(GA) and glomerular volume(GV) were decreased progressively over time, but significantly, in the obstructed kidney from 3weeks to 3months post-ligation compared to the sham kidney of SOR. UUO caused a progressive decline of TA and TA/RA in the contralateral kidney. More specifically, there were significant decreases in TA at 1,2,3months post-ligation, while in TA/RA only at 3months post-ligation in comparison to the right kidney of SOR. In contrast, GA and GV enhanced in a time-dependent manner in the contralateral kidney, in which the difference in GA reached significance only at 3months post-ligation, whereas the difference in GV reached significance from 1 to 3months post-ligation when comparing with the right kidney of SOR. CONCLUSIONS Our results confirmed two typical features of obstructive nephropathy, including widen interstitial space and glomerular atrophy in the obstructed kidney, and compensatory growth of the contralateral kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Ji-Xi Road, Hefei 230022, PR China.
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13
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Hu P, Xuan Q, Hu B, Lu L, Qin YH. Anti-neutral endopeptidase, natriuretic peptides disarrangement, and proteinuria onset in membranous nephropathy. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 40:2963-7. [PMID: 23271116 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-2367-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Neutral endopeptidase (NEP) is the first podocytic antigen responsible for human membranous nephropathy (MN). Besides the prevailing pathogenetic mechanism of immune complex, NEP is also involved in the metabolism of natriuretic peptides (NP). The identification of anti-NEP antibodies in human MN suggests that the decreased circulating NEP may down-regulate the NP catabolism. In this context, we hypothesize that NP disarrangement secondary to anti-NEP antibodies may account, in part, for the onset of proteinuria in MN. Whereas the pathways for the onset of proteinuria caused by elevated NP level are still obscure. The data presented in this review focus on those which support this hypothesis with regards to evidence from the glomerular haemodynamic changes, endothelial permeability, glomerular basement membrane disruption, and podocyte detachment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Ji-Xi Road, Hefei 230022, People's Republic of China.
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14
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Martin FL, Sangaralingham SJ, Huntley BK, McKie PM, Ichiki T, Chen HH, Korinek J, Harders GE, Burnett JC. CD-NP: a novel engineered dual guanylyl cyclase activator with anti-fibrotic actions in the heart. PLoS One 2012; 7:e52422. [PMID: 23272242 PMCID: PMC3525541 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2012] [Accepted: 11/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Natriuretic peptides (NPs) are cardioprotective through the activation of guanylyl cyclase (GC) receptors A and B. CD-NP, also known as cenderitide, is a novel engineered NP that was designed to uniquely serve as a first-in-class dual GC receptor agonist. Recognizing the aldosterone suppressing actions of GC-A activation and the potent inhibitory actions on collagen synthesis and fibroblast proliferation through GC-B activation, the current study was designed to establish the anti-fibrotic actions of CD-NP, administered subcutaneously, in an experimental rat model of early cardiac fibrosis induced by unilateral nephrectomy (UNX). Our results demonstrate that a two week subcutaneous infusion of CD-NP significantly suppresses left ventricular fibrosis and circulating aldosterone, while preserving both systolic and diastolic function, in UNX rats compared to vehicle treated UNX rats. Additionally we also confirmed, in vitro, that CD-NP significantly generates the second messenger, cGMP, through both the GC-A and GC-B receptors. Taken together, this novel dual GC receptor activator may represent an innovative anti-fibrotic therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando L. Martin
- Cardiorenal Research Laboratory, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - S. Jeson Sangaralingham
- Cardiorenal Research Laboratory, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Brenda K. Huntley
- Cardiorenal Research Laboratory, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Paul M. McKie
- Cardiorenal Research Laboratory, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Tomoko Ichiki
- Cardiorenal Research Laboratory, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Horng H. Chen
- Cardiorenal Research Laboratory, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Josef Korinek
- Cardiorenal Research Laboratory, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Gerald E. Harders
- Cardiorenal Research Laboratory, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - John C. Burnett
- Cardiorenal Research Laboratory, Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America
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15
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Hu P, Wang J, Zhao XQ, Hu B, Lu L, Qin YH. Overexpressed C-type natriuretic peptide serves as an early compensatory response to counteract extracellular matrix remodeling in unilateral ureteral obstruction rats. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 40:1429-41. [PMID: 23073778 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-2186-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 10/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Although the mechanism underlying C-type natriuretic peptide (CNP) beneficial effects is not entirely understood, modulating the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs)/tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs) may play an important role. The study presented herein was designed as a first demonstration of the regulative effects of CNP on MMPs/TIMPs expression in unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) rats. The continuous changes of CNP, MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, TIMP-2 and type IV collagen (Col-IV) expression were determined in the obstructed rat kidneys at 3 days, 1, 2, and 3 months post-UUO respectively. According to the real-time PCR analysis, CNP, MMP-2 and MMP-9 mRNA expression in the obstructed kidneys were significantly higher compared to every time corresponding SOR, and progressively decreased over time. In contrast, in the obstructed kidneys collected 2 and 3 months post-UUO, the higher TIMP-1 and TIMP-2 mRNA expression were observed in comparison to the corresponding SOR group. The above trends of CNP, MMP-2, MMP-9, TIMP-1, and TIMP-2 transcripts were confirmed by their protein expression based on immunohistochemistry and western blot, and finally contributed to the progressive elevated Col-IV expression in the obstructed kidneys throughout the entire study period. Overexpressed CNP may be an early compensatory response to counteract extracellular matrix remodeling in UUO rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Hu
- Department of Pediatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, No. 218 Ji-Xi Road, Hefei, 230022, People's Republic of China.
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