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Huertos Soto N, Gómez Cervantes JM, Fernández Aceñero MJ, Soto Beauregard MDC. Cannabidiol decreases histological intestinal injury in a neonatal experimental model of necrotizing enterocolitis. Lab Anim Res 2024; 40:26. [PMID: 38926744 PMCID: PMC11209976 DOI: 10.1186/s42826-024-00211-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a severe inflammatory bowel disease in neonates. Our group has developed an experimental model of NEC, with an effectiveness of 73%. Cannabidiol (CBD) is an innovative treatment for neonatal cerebral hypoxic-ischemic pathologies due to its neuroprotective effect, as a potent anti-inflammatory and reducing oxidative stress substance. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of CBD on intestinal lesions in an experimental model of NEC. RESULTS Mortality and intestinal histological damage was significantly lower in the CBD group compared to the rest (p<0.05), establishing CBD as a protective factor against the development of NEC (OR=0.0255; 95% CI=0.0015-0.4460). At IHQ level (TUNEL technique), a lower cell death rate was also observed in the CBD group compared to the VEH group (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS In our experimental model, intraperitoneal CBD acts as a protective factor against NEC, resulting in less histological damage and a lower rate of intestinal cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nerea Huertos Soto
- Physiopathology and neurological therapy of INA (NEURO-INA-IN). Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC). Community of Madrid's Youth Employment Program (PEJ-2021 AI/BMD 21347), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Gómez Cervantes
- Pediatric Surgery Department, San Carlos Clinical Hospital, 6th south, Profesor Martín Lagos, s/n, Madrid, 28040, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Jesús Fernández Aceñero
- Pathology Department, San Carlos Clinical Hospital, Madrid, Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Del Carmen Soto Beauregard
- Pediatric Surgery Department, San Carlos Clinical Hospital, 6th south, Profesor Martín Lagos, s/n, Madrid, 28040, Spain.
- Health Research Institute of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos (IdISSC), Madrid, Spain.
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Gong B, Yao Z, Zhou C, Wang W, Sun L, Han J. Glucagon-like peptide-1 analogs: Miracle drugs are blooming? Eur J Med Chem 2024; 269:116342. [PMID: 38531211 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.116342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), secreted by L cells in the small intestine, assumes a central role in managing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity. Its influence on insulin secretion and gastric emptying positions it as a therapeutic linchpin. However, the limited applicability of native GLP-1 stems from its short half-life, primarily due to glomerular filtration and the inactivating effect of dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV). To address this, various structural modification strategies have been developed to extend GLP-1's half-life. Despite the commendable efficacy displayed by current GLP-1 receptor agonists, inherent limitations persist. A paradigm shift emerges with the advent of unimolecular multi-agonists, such as the recently introduced tirzepatide, wherein GLP-1 is ingeniously combined with other gastrointestinal hormones. This novel approach has captured the spotlight within the diabetes and obesity research community. This review summarizes the physiological functions of GLP-1, systematically explores diverse structural modifications, delves into the realm of unimolecular multi-agonists, and provides a nuanced portrayal of the developmental prospects that lie ahead for GLP-1 analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binbin Gong
- College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, China; College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Zhihong Yao
- College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, China; College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Chenxu Zhou
- College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, China
| | - Wenxi Wang
- College of Pharmacy, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Lidan Sun
- College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, 314001, China.
| | - Jing Han
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, Xuzhou, 221116, China.
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Mukherjee K, Xiao C. GLP-2 regulation of intestinal lipid handling. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1358625. [PMID: 38426205 PMCID: PMC10902918 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1358625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipid handling in the intestine is important for maintaining energy homeostasis and overall health. Mishandling of lipids in the intestine contributes to dyslipidemia and atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases. Despite advances in this field over the past few decades, significant gaps remain. The gut hormone glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) has been shown to play pleotropic roles in the regulation of lipid handling in the intestine. Of note, GLP-2 exhibits unique actions on post-prandial lipid absorption and post-absorptive release of intestinally stored lipids. This review aims to summarize current knowledge in how GLP-2 regulates lipid processing in the intestine. Elucidating the mechanisms of GLP-2 regulation of intestinal lipid handling not only improves our understanding of GLP-2 biology, but also provides insights into how lipids are processed in the intestine, which offers opportunities for developing novel strategies towards prevention and treatment of dyslipidemia and atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Changting Xiao
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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Mackay S, Frazer LC, Bailey GK, Miller CM, Gong Q, Dewitt ON, Singh DK, Good M. Identification of serum biomarkers for necrotizing enterocolitis using aptamer-based proteomics. Front Pediatr 2023; 11:1184940. [PMID: 37325361 PMCID: PMC10264655 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2023.1184940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a potentially fatal intestinal disease primarily affecting preterm infants. Early diagnosis of neonates with NEC is crucial to improving outcomes; however, traditional diagnostic tools remain inadequate. Biomarkers represent an opportunity to improve the speed and accuracy of diagnosis, but they are not routinely used in clinical practice. Methods In this study, we utilized an aptamer-based proteomic discovery assay to identify new serum biomarkers of NEC. We compared levels of serum proteins in neonates with and without NEC and identified ten differentially expressed serum proteins between these groups. Results We detected two proteins, C-C motif chemokine ligand 16 (CCL16) and immunoglobulin heavy constant alpha 1 and 2 heterodimer (IGHA1 IGHA2), that were significantly increased during NEC and eight that were significantly decreased. Generation of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves revealed that alpha-fetoprotein (AUC = 0.926), glucagon (AUC = 0.860), and IGHA1 IGHA2 (AUC = 0.826) were the proteins that best differentiated patients with and without NEC. Discussion These findings indicate that further investigation into these serum proteins as a biomarker for NEC is warranted. In the future, laboratory tests incorporating these differentially expressed proteins may improve the ability of clinicians to diagnose infants with NEC rapidly and accurately.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen Mackay
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Lauren C. Frazer
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Grace K. Bailey
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Claire M. Miller
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Qingqing Gong
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Olivia N. Dewitt
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Dhirendra K. Singh
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Misty Good
- Division of Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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Sugita K, Muto M, Murakami M, Yano K, Harumatsu T, Onishi S, Yamada K, Yamada W, Matsukubo M, Kawano T, Machigashira S, Torikai M, Ishihara C, Tokuhisa T, Ibara S, Ieiri S. Does protocol miconazole administration improve mortality and morbidity on surgical necrotizing enterocolitis? Pediatr Surg Int 2023; 39:102. [PMID: 36738350 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-023-05390-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Our previous clinical pilot study reported that miconazole (MCZ) prevented morbidity from surgical necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). The present study re-investigated this effect in a long-term cohort over 20 years. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study from April 1998 to March 2020. A total of 1169 extremely low-birth-weight infants (ELBWIs) admitted to our neonatal intensive care unit, including 45 with NEC (3.8%), underwent surgery. Since 2002, protocol MCZ administration for 3 weeks has been applied for neonates born before 26 weeks' gestation or weighing under 1000 g. We compared the background characteristics and clinical outcomes between patients with and without MCZ administration. RESULTS The morbidity rate decreased after applying the MCZ protocol, but no improvement in mortality was seen. A propensity score-matched analysis indicated that treated patients by MCZ showed a delay in developing surgical NEC by 12 days. The MCZ protocol also helped increase body weight at surgery. Prophylactic MCZ administration did not improve the neurological development of the language-social and postural-motor domains in the surgical NEC patients. But cognitive-adaptive domain caught up by a chronological age of 3 years old. CONCLUSIONS Revising the protocol to extend the dosing period may improve the outcomes of surgical NEC after the onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koshiro Sugita
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Research Field in Medical and Health Sciences, Medical and Dental Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Muto
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Research Field in Medical and Health Sciences, Medical and Dental Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan
| | - Masakazu Murakami
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Research Field in Medical and Health Sciences, Medical and Dental Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan
| | - Keisuke Yano
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Research Field in Medical and Health Sciences, Medical and Dental Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan
| | - Toshio Harumatsu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Research Field in Medical and Health Sciences, Medical and Dental Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan
| | - Shun Onishi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Research Field in Medical and Health Sciences, Medical and Dental Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan
| | - Koji Yamada
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Research Field in Medical and Health Sciences, Medical and Dental Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan
| | - Waka Yamada
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Research Field in Medical and Health Sciences, Medical and Dental Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan
| | - Makoto Matsukubo
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kagoshima City Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Takafumi Kawano
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Research Field in Medical and Health Sciences, Medical and Dental Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan
| | - Seiro Machigashira
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kagoshima City Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Motofumi Torikai
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kagoshima City Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Chie Ishihara
- Department of Neonatology, Kagoshima City Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Takuya Tokuhisa
- Department of Neonatology, Kagoshima City Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ibara
- Department of Neonatology, Kagoshima City Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ieiri
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Research Field in Medical and Health Sciences, Medical and Dental Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan.
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Zhang Y, Wang O, Mi H, Yi J, Cai S. Rhus chinensis Mill. fruits prevent necrotizing enterocolitis in rat pups via regulating the expressions of key proteins involved in multiple signaling pathways. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 290:115103. [PMID: 35157955 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Based on ancient records and previous studies, many parts of Rhus chinensis Mill., including the fruits, have good preventive and therapeutic effects on inflammation, malaria, diarrhea, and gastrointestinal diseases. Rhus plants and Galla chinensis produced from R. chinensis leaves can also prevent or cure intestinal diseases. However, the preventive effect and molecular mechanisms of R. chinensis fruits on necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) have not been comprehensively studied. AIM OF THE STUDY This article aims to estimate the effect of the 80% ethanol extract of R. chinensis fruits (RM) on alleviating NEC in rat pups and illustrate the potential molecular mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rat pups were subjected to formula feeding, intermittent hypoxic, and cold stresses to establish the NEC model. The preventive effects of RM on NEC were evaluated through survival rate; clinical sickness index; macroscopic conditions; histopathology; and expression levels of inflammatory markers (i.e., tumor necrosis factor-α [TNF-α], interleukin-6 [IL-6]), oxidative stress indicators (i.e., total antioxidant status [TAS], total oxidant status [TOS], superoxide dismutase [SOD], glutathione peroxidase [GSH-Px], myeloperoxidase [MPO], malondialdehyde [MDA]), and tight junction proteins (i.e., Zonula Occludens 1 [ZO-1], Occludin). Moreover, the expression levels of several key proteins involved in oxidative stress (i.e., nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 [Nrf2], NAD(P)H-quinone oxidoreductase-1 [NQO1]), inflammation (i.e., Toll-like receptor 4 [TLR4], phosphorylated-nuclear factor kappa-B [p-NF-κB], inducible nitric oxide synthase [iNOS]), and apoptosis (i.e., cleaved cysteinyl aspartate specific proteinase-3 [cleaved Caspase-3], Bcl-2-associated X [Bax], B-cell lymphoma-2 [Bcl-2]) in intestinal tissues were analyzed to clarify the molecular mechanisms. RESULTS The extract particularly high doses (400 mg RM/kg body weight) could remarkably reduce the mortality and clinical sickness score and improve the macroscopic condition and histopathological injury of the intestine in NEC pups. After RM administration, the levels of TOS, TNF-α, IL-6, MPO, and MDA in the bowel tissue decreased, whereas the levels of TAS, SOD, and GSH-Px were significantly enhanced. The expression levels of ZO-1 and Occludin proteins were dramatically augmented in RM-treated groups to maintain intestinal barrier integrity. Further analyses revealed that RM might prevent NEC pups by improving some pivotal proteins involved in oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis of enterocytes, namely, by down-regulating the levels of TLR4, p-NF-κB, iNOS, cleaved Caspase-3, and Bax and up-regulating the levels of Bcl-2, NQO1, and Nrf2. CONCLUSIONS The RM prevented the intestinal inflammation and damage caused by NEC by regulating the expression of several pivotal proteins involved in oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis. This study might provide a scientific basis for R. chinensis fruits as a traditional herbal medicine to prevent and/or alleviate NEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Ou Wang
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongying Mi
- The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Junjie Yi
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengbao Cai
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan Province, People's Republic of China.
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Maheshwari A, Traub TM, Garg PM, Ethawi Y, Buonocore G. Necrotizing Enterocolitis: Clinical Features, Histopathological Characteristics, and Genetic Associations. Curr Pediatr Rev 2022; 18:210-225. [PMID: 35125082 DOI: 10.2174/1573396318666220204113858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is an inflammatory bowel necrosis seen in premature infants. Although the etiopathogenesis of NEC is unclear, genetic factors may alter a patient's susceptibility, clinical course, and outcomes. This review draws from existing studies focused on individual genes and others based on microarray-based high-throughput discovery techniques. We have included evidence from our own studies and from an extensive literature search in the databases PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus. To avoid bias in the identification of studies, keywords were short-listed a priori from anecdotal experience and PubMed's Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) thesaurus.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Terri M Traub
- Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Parvesh M Garg
- Global Newborn Society, Clarksville, Maryland, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Mississippi, Jackson, Mississippi, USA
| | - Yahya Ethawi
- Global Newborn Society, Clarksville, Maryland, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Saudi American Hospital, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Giuseppe Buonocore
- Global Newborn Society, Clarksville, Maryland, USA.,Department of Pediatrics/ Neonatology, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
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Wang X, Sun Y, Wang F, You L, Cao Y, Tang R, Wen J, Cui X. A novel endogenous antimicrobial peptide CAMP 211-225 derived from casein in human milk. Food Funct 2021; 11:2291-2298. [PMID: 32104859 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo02813g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A large number of bioactive peptides derived from breast milk have been identified to be multifunctional having anti-inflammatory, immunoregulatory and antimicrobial activities. Here, we report that an endogenous peptide located at β-casein 211-225 amino acid from human breast milk (hereafter called CAMP211-225) presents specific antimicrobial activity against pathogenic E. coli and Y. enterocolitica. CAMP211-225 is a novel peptide that occurs at higher levels in preterm milk than in term milk. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of CAMP211-225 against E. coli and Y. enterocolitica are 3.125 μg ml-1 and 6.25 μg ml-1, respectively, and the antimicrobial activity of CAMP211-225 was also confirmed by a disk diffusion assay. Further studies using fluorescence staining, scanning electron microscopy and a DNA-binding assay revealed that CAMP211-225 kills bacteria through a membrane-disrupting mechanism, but not by binding to intracellular nucleic acids. Neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating gastrointestinal disease in neonatal intensive care units. In our study, CAMP211-225 administration effectively reduced ileal mucosa damage in an experimental NEC mice model. These results suggest that the antimicrobial peptide CAMP211-225 may have potential value in the prevention and treatment of neonatal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Wang
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, the Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210004, China.
| | - Yazhou Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, Henan 453000, China
| | - Fei Wang
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, the Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210004, China.
| | - Lianghui You
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, the Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210004, China.
| | - Yan Cao
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, the Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210004, China.
| | - Ranran Tang
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, the Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210004, China.
| | - Juan Wen
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, the Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210004, China.
| | - Xianwei Cui
- Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, the Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210004, China.
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He W, Rebello OD, Henne A, Nikolka F, Klein T, Maedler K. GLP-2 Is Locally Produced From Human Islets and Balances Inflammation Through an Inter-Islet-Immune Cell Crosstalk. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:697120. [PMID: 34290670 PMCID: PMC8287580 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.697120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) shows robust protective effects on β-cell survival and function and GLP-1 based therapies are successfully applied for type-2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity. Another cleavage product of pro-glucagon, Glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2; both GLP-1 and GLP-2 are inactivated by DPP-4) has received little attention in its action inside pancreatic islets. In this study, we investigated GLP-2 production, GLP-2 receptor (GLP-2R) expression and the effect of GLP-2R activation in human islets. Isolated human islets from non-diabetic donors were exposed to diabetogenic conditions: high glucose, palmitate, cytokine mix (IL-1β/IFN-γ) or Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in the presence or absence of the DPP4-inhibitor linagliptin, the TLR4 inhibitor TAK-242, the GLP-2R agonist teduglutide and/or its antagonist GLP-2(3-33). Human islets under control conditions secreted active GLP-2 (full-length, non-cleaved by DPP4) into the culture media, which was increased by combined high glucose/palmitate, the cytokine mix and LPS and highly potentiated by linagliptin. Low but reproducible GLP-2R mRNA expression was found in all analyzed human islet isolations from 10 donors, which was reduced by pro-inflammatory stimuli: the cytokine mix and LPS. GLP-2R activation by teduglutide neither affected acute or glucose stimulated insulin secretion nor insulin content. Also, teduglutide had no effect on high glucose/palmitate- or LPS-induced dysfunction in cultured human islets but dampened LPS-induced macrophage-dependent IL1B and IL10 expression, while its antagonist GLP-2(3-33) abolished such reduction. In contrast, the expression of islet macrophage-independent cytokines IL6, IL8 and TNF was not affected by teduglutide. Medium conditioned by teduglutide-exposed human islets attenuated M1-like polarization of human monocyte-derived macrophages, evidenced by a lower mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, compared to vehicle treated islets, and a reduced production of itaconate and succinate, marker metabolites of pro-inflammatory macrophages. Our results reveal intra-islet production of GLP-2 and GLP-2R expression in human islets. Despite no impact on β-cell function, local GLP-2R activation reduced islet inflammation which might be mediated by a crosstalk between endocrine cells and macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei He
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biochemistry and Braunschweig Integrated Center of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
- *Correspondence: Wei He, ; Kathrin Maedler,
| | - Osmond D. Rebello
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Antonia Henne
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biochemistry and Braunschweig Integrated Center of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
- Faculty of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Nikolka
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biochemistry and Braunschweig Integrated Center of Systems Biology (BRICS), Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Thomas Klein
- CardioMetabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Kathrin Maedler
- Centre for Biomolecular Interactions Bremen, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
- *Correspondence: Wei He, ; Kathrin Maedler,
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Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 inhibitor sitagliptin protected against dextran sulfate sodium-induced experimental colitis by potentiating the action of GLP-2. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2020; 41:1446-1456. [PMID: 32398684 DOI: 10.1038/s41401-020-0413-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4), a ubiquitously expressed protease that cleaves off the N-terminal dipeptide from proline and alanine on the penultimate position, has important roles in many physiological processes. In the present study, experimental colitis was induced in mice receiving 3% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in drinking water. We found that mice with DSS-induced colitis had significantly increased intestinal DPP activity and decreased serum DPP activity, suggesting a probable correlation of DPP4 with experimental colitis. Then, we investigated whether sitagliptin, a specific DPP4 inhibitor could protect against DSS-induced colitis. We showed that oral administration of single dose of sitagliptin (30 mg/kg) on D7 remarkably inhibited DPP enzyme activity in both serum and intestine of DSS-induced colitic mice. Repeated administration of sitagliptin (10, 30 mg/kg, bid, from D0 to D8) significantly ameliorated DSS-induced colitis, including reduction of disease activity index (DAI) and body weight loss, improvement of histological score and colon length. Sitagliptin administration dose-dependently increased plasma concentrations of active form of GLP-1 and colonic expression of GLP-2R. Co-administration of GLP-2R antagonist GLP-23-33 (500 μg/kg, bid, sc) abolished the protective effects of sitagliptin in DSS-induced colitic mice. Moreover, sitagliptin administration significantly decreased the ratio of apoptotic cells and increased the ratio of proliferative cells in colon epithelium of DSS-induced colitic mice, and this effect was also blocked by GLP-23-33. Taken together, our results demonstrate that sitagliptin could attenuate DSS-induced experimental colitis and the effects can be attributed to the enhancement of GLP-2 action and the subsequent protective effects on intestinal barrier by inhibiting epithelial cells apoptosis and promoting their proliferation. These findings suggest sitagliptin as a novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of ulcerative colitis.
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11
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Chang Y, Deng Q, Zhang Z, Zhao H, Tang J, Chen X, Liu G, Tian G, Cai J, Jia G. Glucagon-like peptide 2 attenuates intestinal mucosal barrier injury through the MLCK/pMLC signaling pathway in a piglet model. J Cell Physiol 2020; 236:3015-3032. [PMID: 32960454 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2), an intestinotrophic hormone, has drawn considerable attention worldwide due to its potential to promote intestinal development. We investigated the effects and mechanisms of GLP-2 against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced intestinal inflammation and injury both in vitro and in vivo. Forty healthy piglets weaned at the age of 28 days with similar body weight (BW) were assigned to four in vivo treatments with ten piglets each: (i) nonchallenged control; (ii) LPS-challenged control; (iii) LPS + low dose GLP-2; and (iv) LPS + high dose GLP-2. Piglets were subcutaneously injected with phosphate-buffered saline supplemented with GLP-2 at doses of 0, 0, 2, and 10 nmol/kg BW per day for seven consecutive days. The piglets were challenged with an intraperitoneal injection with 100 μg/kg LPS on day 14 to induce intestinal damage. After that, the gene and protein expression levels of representative tight junction proteins and myosin light-chain kinase (MLCK)/phosphorylated myosin light chain (pMLC), as well as proinflammatory cytokine levels were determined using quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, western blot, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods. A high dose of GLP-2 pretreatment increased intestinal permeability by downregulating and redistributing tight junction proteins (p < .05), for example, zona occluden-1 (ZO-1) and occludin. GLP-2 decreased the transcription of proinflammatory cytokines genes including interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-8, and tumor necrosis factor-α in small intestines (p < .05). GLP-2 prevented the LPS-induced increase in the expression of MLCK dose-dependently and the increase in pMLC levels in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum. To assess further the protective effect of GLP-2 on LPS-induced intestinal barrier injury after weaning and its possible mechanism, an in vitro intestinal epithelial barrier model was established with IPEC-J2 monolayers and treated with 100 μg/ml LPS with or without 1 × 10-8 mol/L GLP-2 pretreatment. The in vitro analysis included control, LPS, and GLP-2 + LPS treatments. GLP-2 treatment alleviated the destructive effect of LPS on barrier permeability by restoring the expression and ultrastructure of ZO-1 and occludin (p < .05). In addition, GLP-2 reversed the LPS-induced MLCK hyperexpression and pMLC hyperphosphorylation (p < .05). Taken together, our findings revealed a mechanism by which GLP-2 alleviated LPS-challenged intestinal barrier injury and inflammation in weaned piglets and IPEC-J2 cells via the MLCK/pMLC signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Chang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiuhong Deng
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhenyu Zhang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Chengdu, China.,Meishan Vocational Technical College, Meishan, China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiayong Tang
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoling Chen
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Chengdu, China
| | - Guangmang Liu
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Tian
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Chengdu, China
| | - Jingyi Cai
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Chengdu, China
| | - Gang Jia
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-resistant Nutrition, Chengdu, China
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12
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Yin Y, Wu X, Peng B, Zou H, Li S, Wang J, Cao J. Curcumin improves necrotising microscopic colitis and cell pyroptosis by activating SIRT1/NRF2 and inhibiting the TLR4 signalling pathway in newborn rats. Innate Immun 2020; 26:609-617. [PMID: 32924710 PMCID: PMC7556186 DOI: 10.1177/1753425920933656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore comprehensively the biological function of curcumin, and its underlying mechanism, in protecting from necrotising microscopic colitis in newborn rats. A total of 20 normal healthy rats were selected, and a necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) model was established. After hypoxia and hypothermia stimulation, these rats were treated with different doses of curcumin (control group, NEC model group, NEC+20 mg/kg curcumin and NEC+50 mg/kg curcumin). Inflammation was identified using hematoxylin and eosin staining, and inflammatory factors were detected via ELISA. The mRNA and protein levels of SIRT1, NRF2, TLR4, NLRP3 and caspase-1 were determined by quantitative RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. Curcumin improved the inflammatory condition of NEC and inhibited the expression of inflammatory factors in NEC newborn rat intestinal tissue. Furthermore, the SIRT1/NRF2 pathway was inhibited in the intestinal tissue of NEC newborn rats, whereas curcumin treatment induced the activation of the SIRT1/NRF2 pathway and inhibited TLR4 expression in these animals. In addition, curcumin could also inhibit the expression of inflammatory factors and alleviate the LPS/ATP-induced focal death pathway in intestinal epithelial cells through the SIRT1 pathway. Curcumin can improve necrotising microscopic colitis and cell pyroptosis by attenuating NEC-induced inhibition of SIRT1/NRF2 and inhibiting the TLR4 signalling pathway in newborn rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyu Yin
- Department of General Surgery, Xuzhou Children’s Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, PR China
| | - Xiaole Wu
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Xuzhou Children’s Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, PR China
| | - Bei Peng
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Xuzhou Children’s Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, PR China
| | - Huaxin Zou
- Department of General Surgery, Xuzhou Children’s Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, PR China
| | - Shixian Li
- Department of General Surgery, Xuzhou Children’s Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, PR China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Children’s Hospital affiliated to Suzhou University, PR China
| | - Junhua Cao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Xuzhou Children’s Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University, PR China
- Junhua Cao, Department of Emergency Medicine, Xuzhou Children’s Hospital, Xuzhou Medical University; 18 North Sudi Road, Xuzhou 221006, PR China.
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13
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Torikai M, Sugita K, Ibara S, Ishihara C, Kibe M, Murakami K, Shinyama S, Mukai M, Ikee T, Sueyoshi K, Noguchi H, Ieiri S. Prophylactic efficacy of enteral antifungal administration of miconazole for intestinal perforation, especially for necrotizing enterocolitis: a historical cohort study at a single institution. Surg Today 2020; 51:568-574. [PMID: 32886209 DOI: 10.1007/s00595-020-02125-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Despite improvements in neonatal intensive care, the outcomes of extremely-low-birth-weight infants (ELBWIs) with surgical diseases remain to be improved. We started administering enteral miconazole (MCZ) to ELBWIs from 2002 to prevent fungal infection. Since then, the incidence of intestinal perforation has significantly decreased. We investigated this prophylactic effect of MCZ against necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and focal intestinal perforation (FIP) and explored a new prophylactic concept against intestinal perforation. METHODS We designed a historical cohort study to evaluate the effect of MCZ for intestinal perforation in ELBWIs who underwent treatment in our neonatal intensive-care unit between January 1998 and December 2005. We divided these cases into two groups: the Pre-MCZ group and the Post-MCZ group. We compared the morbidity, clinical outcomes and pathological features of NEC and FIP. RESULTS The rate of intestinal perforation with NEC was significantly reduced after the introduction of MCZ (p = 0.007, odds ratio; 3.782, 95% confidence interval; 1.368-12.08). The pathological findings of NEC specimens showed that the accumulation of inflammatory cells was significantly reduced in the Post-MCZ group when compared with the Pre-MCZ group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The efficacy of the enteral administration of MCZ on intestinal perforation with NEC highlights a new prophylactic concept in the clinical management of ELBWIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motofumi Torikai
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Research Field in Medical and Health Sciences, Medical and Dental Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima City, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan.,Department of Neonatology, Kagoshima City Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Koshiro Sugita
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Research Field in Medical and Health Sciences, Medical and Dental Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima City, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan.,Department of Neonatology, Kagoshima City Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ibara
- Department of Neonatology, Kagoshima City Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Chie Ishihara
- Department of Neonatology, Kagoshima City Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Masaya Kibe
- Department of Neonatology, Kagoshima City Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kenichi Murakami
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Research Field in Medical and Health Sciences, Medical and Dental Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima City, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan.,Department of Neonatology, Kagoshima City Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Shin Shinyama
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Research Field in Medical and Health Sciences, Medical and Dental Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima City, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan.,Department of Neonatology, Kagoshima City Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Motoi Mukai
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Research Field in Medical and Health Sciences, Medical and Dental Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima City, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan.,Department of Neonatology, Kagoshima City Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Takamasa Ikee
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Research Field in Medical and Health Sciences, Medical and Dental Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima City, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan.,Department of Neonatology, Kagoshima City Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kazunobu Sueyoshi
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Kagoshima City Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Noguchi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Kagoshima City Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ieiri
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Research Field in Medical and Health Sciences, Medical and Dental Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima City, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan.
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14
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Yano K, Kaji T, Onishi S, Machigashira S, Nagai T, Harumatsu T, Yamada K, Yamada W, Muto M, Nakame K, Mukai M, Ieiri S. Novel effect of glucagon-like peptide-2 for hepatocellular injury in a parenterally fed rat model of short bowel syndrome. Pediatr Surg Int 2019; 35:1345-1351. [PMID: 31555865 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-019-04560-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Short bowel syndrome (SBS) patients require long-term parenteral nutrition following massive bowel resection, which causes intestinal failure-associated liver disease (IFALD). Previous reports have shown that glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) resulted in the bowel adaptation for SBS. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of GLP-2 for IFALD in a parenterally fed rat model. METHODS Using rat, a catheter was placed in the jugular vein, and 90% small bowel resection (SBR) was performed. Animals were divided into three groups: SBR and total parenteral nutrition (TPN) (SBS/TPN group), SBR and TPN plus GLP-2 at 1 µg/kg/h [SBS/TPN/GLP-2 (low) group], and SBR and TPN plus GLP-2 at 10 µg/kg/h [SBS/TPN/GLP-2 (high) group]. On day 13, the liver was harvested and analyzed by using nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) score. RESULTS Histologically, hepatic steatosis in the SBS/TPN group and SBS/TPN/GLP-2 (high) group was observed. Both steatosis and lobular inflammation score in the SBS/TPN/GLP-2 (low) group were significantly lower compared with those in the other two groups (p < 0.05). Active NAFLD score in the SBS/TPN/GLP-2 (low) group was significantly lower compared with that in the SBS/TPN/GLP-2 (high) group (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION Low-dose GLP-2 intravenous administration improves hepatic steatosis of IFALD following in an SBS parenterally fed rat model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Yano
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Research Field in Medical and Health Sciences, Medical and Dental Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan
| | - Tatsuru Kaji
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Research Field in Medical and Health Sciences, Medical and Dental Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan.,Clinical Training Center, Kagoshima University Hospital, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Shun Onishi
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Research Field in Medical and Health Sciences, Medical and Dental Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan
| | - Seiro Machigashira
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Research Field in Medical and Health Sciences, Medical and Dental Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan
| | - Taichiro Nagai
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Research Field in Medical and Health Sciences, Medical and Dental Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan
| | - Toshio Harumatsu
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Research Field in Medical and Health Sciences, Medical and Dental Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan
| | - Koji Yamada
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Research Field in Medical and Health Sciences, Medical and Dental Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan
| | - Waka Yamada
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Research Field in Medical and Health Sciences, Medical and Dental Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Muto
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Research Field in Medical and Health Sciences, Medical and Dental Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nakame
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Research Field in Medical and Health Sciences, Medical and Dental Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan
| | - Motoi Mukai
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Research Field in Medical and Health Sciences, Medical and Dental Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ieiri
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Research Field in Medical and Health Sciences, Medical and Dental Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan.
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15
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Liang S, Lai P, Li X, Xu J, Bao Y, Fang Y, Ding M. Ulinastatin Reduces the Severity of Intestinal Damage in the Neonatal Rat Model of Necrotizing Enterocolitis. Med Sci Monit 2019; 25:9123-9130. [PMID: 31786582 PMCID: PMC6904988 DOI: 10.12659/msm.919413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ulinastatin is a protease inhibitor derived from urine that has shown anti-inflammatory effects in human disease, including in sepsis. Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a common gastrointestinal disease in premature infants. Our aim was to explore the effects of ulinastatin on a neonatal NEC rat model. Material/Methods Forty-five neonatal rats were divided into 3 groups: normal control; NEC+sepsis-induced kidney injury (SIRS); NEC/SIRS+ulinastatin. The NEC/SIRS model was induced by injection of intraperitoneal saline, enteral formula feeding, hypoxia-hyperoxide, and cold stress exposure. The NEC/SIRS neonatal rats were perfused with ulinastatin at a dose of 10 000 u/kg/day. Giemsa staining and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) were performed to evaluate the severity of intestinal damage. To assess intestinal cell apoptosis, we examined the expression of caspase-3 by TUNEL staining and western blot analysis. Intestinal levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) were examined using ELISA assay. Results Rats in the NEC treated with ulinastatin group had better physiological status and histological score compared to the NEC/SIRS group. Ulinastatin reduced NEC-induced weight loss. Macroscopic and microscopic morphology analyses showed that rats in the NEC treated with ulinastatin group had lower severity of intestinal damage compared to the NEC/SIRS group. TUNEL staining and caspase-3 expression detection results revealed that ulinastatin significantly inhibited intestinal cell apoptosis of NEC. Furthermore, ulinastatin decreased the intestinal levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in NEC. Conclusions Ulinastatin could ameliorate the severity of intestinal damage in NEC and possess anti-apoptosis and anti-inflammation effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuxia Liang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jinhua Hospital of Zhejiang University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Panjian Lai
- Department of Pediatrics, Jinhua Hospital of Zhejiang University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Xiaobing Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Jinhua Hospital of Zhejiang University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Jie Xu
- Operating Room, Jinhua Hospital of Zhejiang University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Yunguang Bao
- Department of Pediatrics, Jinhua Hospital of Zhejiang University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Yuanshu Fang
- Department of Laboratory Animals Center, Jinhua Institute for Food and Drug Control, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
| | - Mingxing Ding
- Medical Molecular Biology Laboratory, School of Medicine, Jinhua Polytechnic, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China (mainland)
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16
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Suzuki R, Brown GA, Christopher JA, Scully CCG, Congreve M. Recent Developments in Therapeutic Peptides for the Glucagon-like Peptide 1 and 2 Receptors. J Med Chem 2019; 63:905-927. [PMID: 31577440 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.9b00835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) and glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) are proglucagon derived peptides that are released from gut endocrine cells in response to nutrient intake. These molecules are rapidly inactivated by the action of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-4) which limits their use as therapeutic agents. The recent emergence of three-dimensional structures of GPCRs such as GLP-1R and glucagon receptor has helped to drive the rational design of innovative peptide molecules that hold promise as novel peptide therapeutics. One emerging area is the discovery of multifunctional molecules that act at two or more pharmacological systems to enhance therapeutic efficacy. In addition, drug discovery efforts are also focusing on strategies to improve patient convenience through alternative routes of peptide delivery. These novel strategies highlight the broad utility of peptide-based therapeutics in human disease settings where unmet needs still exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rie Suzuki
- Sosei Heptares , Steinmetz Building, Granta Park , Cambridge CB21 6DG , U.K
| | - Giles A Brown
- Sosei Heptares , Steinmetz Building, Granta Park , Cambridge CB21 6DG , U.K
| | - John A Christopher
- Sosei Heptares , Steinmetz Building, Granta Park , Cambridge CB21 6DG , U.K
| | - Conor C G Scully
- Sosei Heptares , Steinmetz Building, Granta Park , Cambridge CB21 6DG , U.K
| | - Miles Congreve
- Sosei Heptares , Steinmetz Building, Granta Park , Cambridge CB21 6DG , U.K
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17
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Greco G, Amasheh S, Shen Z, Lu Z, Aschenbach JR. Effects of glucagon-like peptides 1 and 2 and epidermal growth factor on the epithelial barrier of the rumen of adult sheep. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2019; 103:1727-1738. [PMID: 31498510 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 08/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and glucagon-like peptides (GLP) modulate the tight junctions (TJ) of the intestinal epithelial barrier (EB) of monogastric animals. This work tried to elucidate whether GLP-1, GLP-2 and EGF can affect the EB of the rumen. Ovine ruminal epithelia were incubated in Ussing chambers for 7 hr with 25 or 250 nM of either GLP-1 or GLP-2 on the serosal side, with 2.5 nM of EGF on the serosal side or with 0.25 or 2.5 nM EGF on the mucosal side. No treatment affected tissue conductance. Short-circuit current (Isc ) was affected by time and treatment and their interactions. Only 250 nM of either GLP-1 or GLP-2 decreased Isc in certain periods compared with 25 nM GLP-1 or 0.25 nM mucosally applied EGF; however, not when compared to control epithelia. Fluorescein flux rates (Jfluor ) of ruminal epithelia were affected by treatment, time and time × treatment interaction. The time × treatment interaction was based on an increase in Jfluor between the first and last hour in epithelia incubated with 25 nM GLP-1 or GLP-2 and in epithelia incubated with EGF. After 7 hr incubation, claudin-7 mRNA expression was downregulated in all treatments. Claudin-1 mRNA was upregulated after incubation with 2.5 nM EGF on the serosal side, claudin-4 mRNA was downregulated by 2.5 nM EGF on the mucosal side, and occludin mRNA was increased after incubation with 250 nM GLP-2. The protein abundance of all tested TJ proteins was not influenced by treatment. We conclude that GLP-1, GLP-2, and EGF have no obvious acute effects on the EB of ruminal epithelia under simulated physiological conditions ex vivo. However, by decreasing the mRNA expression of claudin-7 and partly affecting other TJ proteins, they may modulate EB in the longer term or under certain conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriele Greco
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Salah Amasheh
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Zanming Shen
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhongyan Lu
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Biochemistry, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jörg R Aschenbach
- Institute of Veterinary Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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18
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Shen H, Lei Y, He X, Liu D, He Z. Role of lactadherin in intestinal barrier integrity in experimental neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:19509-19517. [PMID: 31265168 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.29255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is one of the most widespread and devastating gastrointestinal diseases in neonates. Destruction of the intestinal barrier is the main underlying cause of NEC. The aim of this study was to determine the role of lactadherin in preventing NEC in a neonatal rat model and investigate the molecular mechanism of lactadherin-mediated protection of the intestinal barrier. Neonatal rats were divided into three groups: dam feeding (DF), NEC (NEC), and NEC supplemented with 10 μg/(g·day) recombinant human lactadherin (NEC+L). Intestinal permeability, tissue damage, and cell junction protein expression and localization were evaluated. We found that lactadherin reduced weight loss caused by NEC, reduced the incidence of NEC from 100% to 46.7%, and reduced the mean histological score for tissue damage to 1.40 compared with 2.53 in the NEC group. Intestinal permeability of lactadherin-treated rats was significantly reduced when compared with that of the NEC group. In addition, the expression levels of JAM-A, claudin 3, and E-calcium in the ileum of NEC group animals increased compared with those in the ileum of DF group animals, and these levels decreased in the NEC+L group. Lactadherin changed the localization of claudin 3, occludin, and E-cadherin in epithelial cells. The mechanism underlying lactadherin-mediated protection of the intestinal barrier might be restoring the correct expression levels and localization of tight junction and adherent junction proteins. These findings suggest a new candidate agent for the prevention of NEC in newborns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqing Shen
- Department of Neonatology, Xin-Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Perinatal Research Laboratory, Xin-Hua Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yihui Lei
- Department of Neonatology, Xin-Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Neonatology, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xuemei He
- Department of Neonatology, Xin-Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Danyang Liu
- Department of Neonatology, Xin-Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Perinatal Research Laboratory, Xin-Hua Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenjuan He
- Department of Neonatology, Xin-Hua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Department of Perinatal Research Laboratory, Xin-Hua Hospital, Shanghai Institute of Pediatric Research Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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19
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Recombinant human soluble thrombomodulin reduces the severity and incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis in a newborn rat model. Surg Today 2019; 49:971-976. [PMID: 31190184 DOI: 10.1007/s00595-019-01832-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) remains the leading cause of death in preterm infants. Recombinant human soluble thrombomodulin (rTM) has been reported to have anti-inflammatory effects as well as antithrombogenic effects. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of rTM in a rat NEC model. METHODS NEC was induced by enteral feeding with hyperosmolar formula, gavage administration of lipopolysaccharide and asphyxia stress. Controls were fed by their mother ad libitum. In the treatment group, rTM was administered subcutaneously twice (once each on the first and second day). All animals surviving beyond 96 h or that developed signs of distress were euthanized. The ileum was harvested for a histological evaluation and the measurement of the mRNA and protein expression. RESULTS The rate of NEC-like intestinal injury in the treatment group (9/25, 36%) was significantly lower than in the NEC group (25/34, 73.5%). Tissue levels of TNF-α, IL-6 and HMGB1 were significantly elevated in the NEC group, whereas those in the treatment group were decreased to similar values as in the control group. CONCLUSIONS Our experimental study showed that rTM is able to reduce the severity and incidence of NEC. It may be an alternative option for the treatment of NEC.
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20
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Io F, Gunji E, Koretsune H, Kato K, Sugisaki-Kitano M, Okumura-Kitajima L, Kimura K, Uchida S, Yamamoto K. SGL5213, a novel and potent intestinal SGLT1 inhibitor, suppresses intestinal glucose absorption and enhances plasma GLP-1 and GLP-2 secretion in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 853:136-144. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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21
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Shelby RD, Cromeens B, Rager TM, Besner GE. Influence of Growth Factors on the Development of Necrotizing Enterocolitis. Clin Perinatol 2019; 46:51-64. [PMID: 30771819 PMCID: PMC6380490 DOI: 10.1016/j.clp.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Growth factors have important roles in gastrointestinal tract development, maintenance, and response to injury. Various experiments have been used to demonstrate growth factor influence in multiple disease processes. These studies demonstrated enhancement of mucosal proliferation, intestinal motility, immune modulation, and many other beneficial effects. Select growth factors, including epidermal growth factor and heparin-binding epidermal growth factor like growth factor, demonstrate some beneficial effects in experimental and clinical intestinal injury demonstrated in necrotizing enterocolitis. The roles of glucagon-like peptide 2, insulin-like growth factor 1, erythropoietin, growth hormone, and hepatocyte growth factor in necrotizing enterocolitis are summarized in this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita D. Shelby
- Surgical Research Fellow, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Center for Perinatal Research, the Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH
| | - Barrett Cromeens
- Surgical Research Fellow, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Center for Perinatal Research, the Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH
| | - Terrance M Rager
- Surgical Research Fellow, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Center for Perinatal Research, the Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH
| | - Gail E. Besner
- Chief, Department of Pediatric Surgery, H. William Clatworthy, Jr. Professor of Surgery, Department of Pediatric Surgery, Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Center for Perinatal Research, the Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH
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22
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Salaga M, Binienda A, Draczkowski P, Kosson P, Kordek R, Jozwiak K, Fichna J. Novel peptide inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase IV (Tyr-Pro-D-Ala-NH 2) with anti-inflammatory activity in the mouse models of colitis. Peptides 2018; 108:34-45. [PMID: 30179653 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2018.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Protease inhibition has become a new possible approach in the inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) therapy. A serine exopeptidase, dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV) is responsible for inactivation of incretin hormone, glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2), a potent stimulator of intestinal epithelium regeneration and growth. Recently we showed that the novel peptide analog of endomorphin-2, EMDB-1 (Tyr-Pro-D-ClPhe-Phe-NH2) is a potent blocker of DPP IV and exhibits an anti-inflammatory activity in vivo. The aim of this study was to design, synthesize and characterize the therapeutic activity and mechanism of action of a series of novel EMDB-1 analogs. The inhibitory potential of all peptides was evaluated using the fluorometric screening assay employing Gly-Pro-Aminomethylcoumarin (AMC) to measure DPP IV activity. Consequently, one compound, namely DI-1 was selected and its therapeutic activity evaluated using mouse models of experimental colitis (induced by TNBS and DSS). Macro- and microscopic score, ulcer score, colonic wall thickness as well as myeloperoxidase activity were measured. We showed that DI-1 blocks DPP IV in vitro (IC50 = 0.76 ± 0.04 nM) and attenuates acute, semichronic and relapsing TNBS- as well as DSS-induced colitis in mice after topical administration. Its anti-inflammatory action is associated with the increase of colonic GLP-2 but not GLP2 receptor or DPP IV expression. Our results validate DPP IV as a pharmacological target for the anti-IBD drugs and its inhibitors, such as DI-1, have the potential to become valuable anti-inflammatory therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Salaga
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - A Binienda
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - P Draczkowski
- Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Poland
| | - P Kosson
- Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - R Kordek
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - K Jozwiak
- Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Poland
| | - J Fichna
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland.
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23
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Prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis through surface layer protein of Lactobacillus acidophilus CICC6074 reducing intestinal epithelial apoptosis. J Funct Foods 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2018.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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24
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Yang PY, Zou H, Lee C, Muppidi A, Chao E, Fu Q, Luo X, Wang D, Schultz PG, Shen W. Stapled, Long-Acting Glucagon-like Peptide 2 Analog with Efficacy in Dextran Sodium Sulfate Induced Mouse Colitis Models. J Med Chem 2018. [PMID: 29528634 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) is a hormone that has been shown to stimulate intestinal growth and attenuate intestinal inflammation. Despite being efficacious in a variety of animal models of disease, its therapeutic potential is hampered by the short half-life in vivo. We now describe a highly potent, stapled long-acting GLP-2 analog, peptide 10, that has a more than 10-fold longer half-life than teduglutide and improved intestinotrophic and anti-inflammatory effects in mouse models of DSS-induced colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng-Yu Yang
- California Institute for Biomedical Research , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States.,Department of Chemistry, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology , The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
| | - Huafei Zou
- California Institute for Biomedical Research , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
| | - Candy Lee
- California Institute for Biomedical Research , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
| | - Avinash Muppidi
- California Institute for Biomedical Research , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
| | - Elizabeth Chao
- California Institute for Biomedical Research , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
| | - Qiangwei Fu
- California Institute for Biomedical Research , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
| | - Xiaozhou Luo
- Department of Chemistry, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology , The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
| | - Danling Wang
- California Institute for Biomedical Research , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
| | - Peter G Schultz
- California Institute for Biomedical Research , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States.,Department of Chemistry, The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology , The Scripps Research Institute , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
| | - Weijun Shen
- California Institute for Biomedical Research , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
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25
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Zhang Q, Liu M, Li S, Xu Z, Wang J, Wang Y, Fei Z, Huang W, Sun H. Oral Bifidobacterium longum expressing GLP-2 improves nutrient assimilation and nutritional homeostasis in mice. J Microbiol Methods 2018; 145:87-92. [PMID: 29329748 DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2018.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Bifidobacterium has been developed for the oral delivery of peptides and has the added beneficial effect on our bodies through its probiotic properties. Here, we utilize Bifidobacterium as a delivery system to orally deliver Glucagon like peptide-2 (GLP-2). We constructed vector derived from pET-31b(+) to construct a Bifidobacterium longum expressing GLP-2. We then determined the bioactivity of recombinant Bifidobacterium in Caco-2 cells. Finally, we quantified newly synthesized ApoB48 and chylomicron production in mice infused with exogenous GLP-2 or Bifidobacterium expressing GLP-2. Results based on secretion of the triglyceride (TG)-rich lipoprotein (TRL)-ApoB48 and secretion of chylomicron revealed that recombinant Bifidobacterium was efficient in treating intestinal dysfunction,suggesting an alternative way to use Bifidobacterium as a delivery system to deliver GLP-2 for gastrointestinal nutrition coordination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Mengge Liu
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Shiyu Li
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Zhenrui Xu
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Jiajia Wang
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yuzhe Wang
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Zhengbin Fei
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Wenhua Huang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Hanxiao Sun
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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26
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Ren W, Wu J, Li L, Lu Y, Shao Y, Qi Y, Xu B, He Y, Hu Y. Glucagon-Like Peptide-2 Improve Intestinal Mucosal Barrier Function in Aged Rats. J Nutr Health Aging 2018; 22:731-738. [PMID: 29806863 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-018-1022-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) plays a major role in repairing impaired intestinal mucosa, but its mechanism in the improvement of intestinal barrier function during the aging process remains unclear. In this study, 26-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to control group and GLP-2 group treated with a dose of 250 μg•kg-1•d-1 by intraperitoneal injection. After 14 days of treatment, intestinal mucosal morphometric changes were observed by light microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Small intestinal permeability was evaluated by fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled dextran. The mRNA and protein expression of Zonula Occludens-1 (ZO-1), occludin, claudin-1 and the GLP-2 receptor (GLP-2R) were detected by Real-time PCR and Western blot. Our results showed that GLP-2 administration significantly improved the age-related atrophy of intestinal mucosa and villi and increased small intestinal permeability. The mRNA and protein expression of ZO-1and occludin in ileum were up regulated in the GLP-2-treated old rats. In addition, the serum GLP-2 levels were negatively correlated with small intestinal permeability measured by FITC-dextran levels (r=-0.610, P<0.01). Taking all these data together, it is concluded that GLP-2 improved small intestinal epithelial barrier function in aged rats mainly by facilitating intestinal mucosa growth, alleviating the increased small intestinal permeability and increasing ZO-1 and occludin expression. Our observations provide evidence for the clinical significance of GLP-2 in preventing the intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction during aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Ren
- Yu Hu, Department of Geriatrics, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200030, China, E-mail: , Tel:+86-021-64041990-3766, Fax:+86-21-64035399
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27
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Shinyama S, Kaji T, Mukai M, Nakame K, Matsufuji H, Takamatsu H, Ieiri S. The novel preventive effect of Daikenchuto (TJ-100), a Japanese herbal drug, against neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis in rats. Pediatr Surg Int 2017; 33:1109-1114. [PMID: 28815293 DOI: 10.1007/s00383-017-4145-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating gastrointestinal disease of premature infants. Daikenchuto, a Japanese herbal drug, has several effects on the digestive system, so we investigated its preventive effects in a rat model of NEC. METHODS NEC was induced in newborn rats via asphyxia (100% N2 for 90 s; every 4 h) + LPS (4 mg/kg/day [administered orally on days 0 and 1]). The effects of Daikenchuto were evaluated in four groups (control: 0 g/kg/day, I: 0.3 g/kg/day, II: 0.6 g/kg/day, and III: 1.0 g/kg/day). Daikenchuto was administered into the stomach through a microcatheter. The incidence and severity of NEC were pathologically assessed using the NEC grade in accordance with Dovorak's previous report. Cell positivity for inflammatory cytokine (IL-6) was also evaluated. RESULTS Daikenchuto reduced the incidence of NEC in control, Groups I, II, and III to 68.7, 30.0, 30.7, and 13.3%, respectively. High-dose Daikenchuto significantly improved the incidence of NEC, and the rate of IL-6 positive cells in group III was significantly lower than in the control group (p = 0.04). CONCLUSION We evaluated the effect of Daikenchuto against NEC and found that it reduced the incidence rate of NEC due to a decrease in the IL-6 production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Shinyama
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Research Field in Medicine and Health Sciences, Medical and Dental Sciences Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan
| | - Tatsuru Kaji
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Research Field in Medicine and Health Sciences, Medical and Dental Sciences Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan
| | - Motoi Mukai
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Research Field in Medicine and Health Sciences, Medical and Dental Sciences Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nakame
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Research Field in Medicine and Health Sciences, Medical and Dental Sciences Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Matsufuji
- Ambulatory Care Center for Children, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideo Takamatsu
- Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ieiri
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Research Field in Medicine and Health Sciences, Medical and Dental Sciences Area, Research and Education Assembly, Kagoshima University, 8-35-1, Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima, 890-8520, Japan.
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28
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Costa BPD, Gonçalves AC, Abrantes AM, Matafome P, Seiça R, Sarmento-Ribeiro AB, Botelho MF, Castro-Sousa F. Intestinal inflammatory and redox responses to the perioperative administration of teduglutide in rats. Acta Cir Bras 2017; 32:648-661. [PMID: 28902941 DOI: 10.1590/s0102-865020170080000007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To investigate the inflammatory and redox responses to teduglutide on an animal model of laparotomy and intestinal anastomosis. Methods: Wistar rats (n=62) were allocated into four groups: "Ileal Resection and Anastomosis" vs. "Laparotomy", each one split into "Postoperative Teduglutide Administration" vs. "No Treatment"; and euthanized at the third or the seventh day. Ileal and blood samples were recovered at the baseline and at the euthanasia. Flow cytometry was used to study the inflammatory response (IL-1α, MCP-1, TNF-α, IFN-γ and IL-4 levels), oxidative stress (cytosolic peroxides, mitochondrial reactive species, intracellular glutathione and mitochondrial membrane potential) and cellular viability and death (annexin V/propidium iodide double staining). Results: Postoperative teduglutide treatment was associated with higher cellular viability index and lower early apoptosis ratio at the seventh day; higher cytosolic peroxides level at the third day and mitochondrial overgeneration of reactive species at the seventh day; higher tissue concentration of IL-4 and lower local pro-to-anti-inflammatory cytokines ratio at the seventh day. Conclusion: Those findings suggest an intestinal pro-oxidative and anti-inflammatory influence of teduglutide on the peri-operative context with a potential interference in the intestinal anastomotic healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Pinto da Costa
- MD, Department of Surgery "A", Hospitais da Universidade de Coimbra, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Portugal. Conception and design of the study; acquisition, analysis and interpretation of data; manuscript writing
| | - Ana Cristina Gonçalves
- BSc, PhD, Laboratory of Oncobiology and Hematology, University Clinic of Hematology and Applied Molecular Biology Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade de Coimbra, Portugal. Acquisition of data
| | - Ana Margarida Abrantes
- BSc, PhD, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC), and Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, Universidade de Coimbra, Portugal. Acquisition of data
| | - Paulo Matafome
- BSc, PhD, Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade de Coimbra, Portugal. Acquisition of data
| | - Raquel Seiça
- MD, Institute of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade de Coimbra, Portugal. Critical revision
| | - Ana Bela Sarmento-Ribeiro
- PhD, Center of Investigation in Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, Universidade de Coimbra, Portugal. Critical revision
| | - Maria Filomena Botelho
- PhD, Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology (CNC) and Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, Universidade de Coimbra, Portugal. Critical revision
| | - Francisco Castro-Sousa
- PhD, Department of Surgery "A", Hospitais da Universidade de Coimbra, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Portugal. Critical revision
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29
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Salaga M, Mokrowiecka A, Zielinska M, Malecka-Panas E, Kordek R, Kamysz E, Fichna J. New Peptide Inhibitor of Dipeptidyl Peptidase IV, EMDB-1 Extends the Half-Life of GLP-2 and Attenuates Colitis in Mice after Topical Administration. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2017; 363:92-103. [PMID: 28724693 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.117.242586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Protease inhibition has become a possible new approach in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) therapy. A serine exopeptidase, dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP IV), is responsible for the inactivation of incretin hormone, glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2), a potent stimulator of intestinal epithelium regeneration and growth. Recently, we showed that the novel peptide analog of endomorphin-2, Tyr-Pro-D-ClPhe-Phe-NH2 (EMDB-1) is a potent blocker of DPP IV and has an inhibitory effect on gastrointestinal (GI) smooth muscle contractility. The aim of this study was to characterize the anti-inflammatory effect and mechanism of action of EMDB-1 in the mouse GI tract. We used two models of experimental colitis (induced by TNBS and DSS). The anti-inflammatory effect of EMDB-1 was assessed by the determination of macroscopic score, ulcer score, colonic wall thickness, as well as myeloperoxidase activity. Additionally, we measured the expression of GLP-2, GLP2R, and DPP IV in the colon of control and colitic animals treated with the test compound. The expression of GLP-2 and GLP2R in the serum and colon of IBD patients and healthy control subjects has been assessed. We showed that EMDB-1 elevates the half-life of GLP-2 in vitro and attenuates acute, semichronic, and relapsing TNBS as well as DSS-induced colitis in mice after topical administration. The anti-inflammatory action of EMDB-1 is associated with changes in the level of colonic GLP-2 but not DPP IV expression. Our results validate DPP IV as a pharmacological target for the anti-IBD drugs, and its inhibitors based on natural substrates, such as EMDB-1, have the potential to become valuable anti-inflammatory therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Salaga
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Digestive Tract Diseases, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland (M.S., A.M., M.Z., E.M.P., R.K., J.F.); and Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland (E.K.)
| | - Anna Mokrowiecka
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Digestive Tract Diseases, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland (M.S., A.M., M.Z., E.M.P., R.K., J.F.); and Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland (E.K.)
| | - Marta Zielinska
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Digestive Tract Diseases, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland (M.S., A.M., M.Z., E.M.P., R.K., J.F.); and Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland (E.K.)
| | - Ewa Malecka-Panas
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Digestive Tract Diseases, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland (M.S., A.M., M.Z., E.M.P., R.K., J.F.); and Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland (E.K.)
| | - Radzislaw Kordek
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Digestive Tract Diseases, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland (M.S., A.M., M.Z., E.M.P., R.K., J.F.); and Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland (E.K.)
| | - Elzbieta Kamysz
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Digestive Tract Diseases, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland (M.S., A.M., M.Z., E.M.P., R.K., J.F.); and Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland (E.K.)
| | - Jakub Fichna
- Department of Biochemistry, Department of Digestive Tract Diseases, Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland (M.S., A.M., M.Z., E.M.P., R.K., J.F.); and Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland (E.K.)
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30
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Qi KK, Lv JJ, Wu J, Xu ZW. Therapeutic effects of different doses of polyethylene glycosylated porcine glucagon-like peptide-2 on ulcerative colitis in male rats. BMC Gastroenterol 2017; 17:34. [PMID: 28259136 PMCID: PMC5336612 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-017-0593-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Polyethylene glycosylated (PEGylated) porcine glucagon-like peptide-2 (pGLP-2) considerably increases half-life and stability compared with the native pGLP-2, but the effective dose for intestinal damage is still unclear. This study aims to evaluate the available dose of polyethylene glycosylated porcine glucagon-like peptide-2 (PEG-pGLP-2), a modified, long-acting form of pGLP-2 in an experimental rat model of ulcerative colitis. METHODS Thirty-five male rats were randomly assigned into five groups: control, dextran sodium sulphate (DSS), DSS + PEG-pGLP-2(L), DSS + PEG-pGLP-2(M) and DSS + PEG-pGLP-2(H). Rats in control group received only water; other rats were fed with 5% (w/v) DSS and intraperitoneally administered with 12.5, 25 and 100 nmol/kg PEG-pGLP-2 daily for 6 days. RESULTS Compared with the control treatment, DSS treatment significantly (p < 0.05) decreased body weight change, colonic length, duodenal villus height and expression of zonula occludens-1, whereas significantly (p < 0.05) increased colonic damage score and expression of claudin-1, interleukin (IL)-1, IL-7, IL-10, interferon-γ and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α in colon. However, the three doses of PEG-pGLP-2 all reduced these effects; these treatments significantly (p < 0.05) increased body weight change and duodenal villus height, whereas significantly (p < 0.05) decreased colonic damage score and expression of IL-1, IL-7 and TNF-α in colon. Specifically, low-dose (12.5 nmol/kg/d) PEG-pGLP-2 was effective. CONCLUSIONS These results indicated that PEG-pGLP-2 is a novel and potentially effective therapy for intestinal healing in a relatively low dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Ke Qi
- Institute of Animal Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 198 Shiqiao Road, Jianggan, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Jia-Jia Lv
- Institute of Animal Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 198 Shiqiao Road, Jianggan, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Jie Wu
- Institute of Animal Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 198 Shiqiao Road, Jianggan, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Zi-Wei Xu
- Institute of Animal Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 198 Shiqiao Road, Jianggan, Hangzhou, 310021, China.
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MohanKumar K, Namachivayam K, Ho TT, Torres BA, Ohls RK, Maheshwari A. Cytokines and growth factors in the developing intestine and during necrotizing enterocolitis. Semin Perinatol 2017; 41:52-60. [PMID: 27832931 PMCID: PMC5334139 DOI: 10.1053/j.semperi.2016.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cytokines and growth factors play diverse roles in the uninflamed fetal/neonatal intestinal mucosa and in the development of inflammatory bowel injury during necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). During gestational development and the early neonatal period, the fetal/premature intestine is exposed to high levels of many "inflammatory" cytokines and growth factors, first via swallowed amniotic fluid in utero and then, after birth, in colostrum and mother's milk. This article reviews the dual, seemingly counter-intuitive roles of cytokines, where these agents play a "trophic" role and promote maturation of the uninflamed mucosa, but can also cause inflammation and promote intestinal injury during NEC.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Thao T.B. Ho
- Department of Pediatrics, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL
| | | | - Robin K. Ohls
- Department of Pediatrics, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Akhil Maheshwari
- Department of Pediatrics, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL; Departments of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, Tampa, FL; Department of Community and Family Health, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, 1 Tampa General Circle, Suite F170, Tampa, FL.
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Wu J, Qi KK, Xu ZW. Porcine glucagon-like peptide-2 microspheres ameliorate inflammation in lipopolysaccharide-challenged weaning piglets1. J Anim Sci 2016; 94:5286-5294. [DOI: 10.2527/jas.2016-1007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Austin K, Markovic MA, Brubaker PL. Current and potential therapeutic targets of glucagon-like peptide-2. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2016; 31:13-18. [PMID: 27580097 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2016.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2016] [Revised: 07/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) is a gut hormone that promotes highly specific growth and function of the intestinal epithelium. Recent studies have begun to elucidate the complex mechanism of action of GLP-2, which is mediated indirectly through other intestinal factors. Although a long-acting GLP-2 analog has recently been approved for treatment of adult patients with short bowel syndrome, there remain numerous conditions characterized by intestinal insufficiency for which pre-clinical studies, as well as some limited clinical data, support further consideration of GLP-2 for expanded therapeutic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori Austin
- Department of Physiology, Rm 3366 Medical Sciences Building, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Melanie A Markovic
- Department of Physiology, Rm 3366 Medical Sciences Building, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Patricia L Brubaker
- Department of Physiology, Rm 3366 Medical Sciences Building, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; Department of Medicine, Rm 3366 Medical Sciences Building, University of Toronto, 1 King's College Circle, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada.
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