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Dattani A, Singh A, McCann GP, Gulsin GS. Myocardial Calcium Handling in Type 2 Diabetes: A Novel Therapeutic Target. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2023; 11:12. [PMID: 38248882 PMCID: PMC10817027 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd11010012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a multisystem disease with rapidly increasing global prevalence. Heart failure has emerged as a major complication of T2D. Dysregulated myocardial calcium handling is evident in the failing heart and this may be a key driver of cardiomyopathy in T2D, but until recently this has only been demonstrated in animal models. In this review, we describe the physiological concepts behind calcium handling within the cardiomyocyte and the application of novel imaging techniques for the quantification of myocardial calcium uptake. We take an in-depth look at the evidence for the impairment of calcium handling in T2D using pre-clinical models as well as in vivo studies, following which we discuss potential novel therapeutic approaches targeting dysregulated myocardial calcium handling in T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Dattani
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester and NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre, Leicester LE3 9QP, UK; (A.S.); (G.P.M.); (G.S.G.)
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2
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Chan CS, Lin FJ, Chen YC, Lin YK, Higa S, Chen SA, Chen YJ. Glucagon-like Peptide-1 Receptor Activation Reduces Pulmonary Vein Arrhythmogenesis and Regulates Calcium Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13100. [PMID: 37685906 PMCID: PMC10488086 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists are associated with reduced atrial fibrillation risk, but the mechanisms underlying this association remain unclear. The GLP-1 receptor agonist directly impacts cardiac Ca2+ homeostasis, which is crucial in pulmonary vein (PV, the initiator of atrial fibrillation) arrhythmogenesis. This study investigated the effects of the GLP-1 receptor agonist on PV electrophysiology and Ca2+ homeostasis and elucidated the potential underlying mechanisms. Conventional microelectrodes and whole-cell patch clamp techniques were employed in rabbit PV tissues and single PV cardiomyocytes before and after GLP-1 (7-36) amide, a GLP-1 receptor agonist. Evaluations were conducted both with and without pretreatment with H89 (10 μM, an inhibitor of protein kinase A, PKA), KN93 (1 μM, an inhibitor of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II, CaMKII), and KB-R7943 (10 μM, an inhibitor of Na+/Ca2+ exchanger, NCX). Results showed that GLP-1 (7-36) amide (at concentrations of 1, 10, and 100 nM) reduced PV spontaneous activity in a concentration-dependent manner without affecting sinoatrial node electrical activity. In single-cell experiments, GLP-1 (7-36) amide (at 10 nM) reduced L-type Ca2+ current, NCX current, and late Na+ current in PV cardiomyocytes without altering Na+ current. Additionally, GLP-1 (7-36) amide (at 10 nM) increased sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ content in PV cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, the antiarrhythmic effects of GLP-1 (7-36) amide on PV automaticity were diminished when pretreated with H89, KN93, or KB-R7943. This suggests that the GLP-1 receptor agonist may exert its antiarrhythmic potential by regulating PKA, CaMKII, and NCX activity, as well as modulating intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis, thereby reducing PV arrhythmogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Shun Chan
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (C.-S.C.); (Y.-K.L.)
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
| | - Fong-Jhih Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan;
| | - Yao-Chang Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan;
| | - Yung-Kuo Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan; (C.-S.C.); (Y.-K.L.)
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan-Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan
| | - Satoshi Higa
- Cardiac Electrophysiology and Pacing Laboratory, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Makiminato Central Hospital, Okinawa 9012131, Japan;
| | - Shih-Ann Chen
- Heart Rhythm Center, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei 11217, Taiwan;
- Institute of Clinical Medicine and Faculty of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11217, Taiwan
- Cardiovascular Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jen Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan-Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11031, Taiwan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Wan-Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 11696, Taiwan
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3
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Pandey S, Mangmool S, Parichatikanond W. Multifaceted Roles of GLP-1 and Its Analogs: A Review on Molecular Mechanisms with a Cardiotherapeutic Perspective. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:836. [PMID: 37375783 DOI: 10.3390/ph16060836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes is one of the chronic metabolic disorders which poses a multitude of life-debilitating challenges, including cardiac muscle impairment, which eventually results in heart failure. The incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) has gained distinct recognition in reinstating glucose homeostasis in diabetes, while it is now largely accepted that it has an array of biological effects in the body. Several lines of evidence have revealed that GLP-1 and its analogs possess cardioprotective effects by various mechanisms related to cardiac contractility, myocardial glucose uptake, cardiac oxidative stress and ischemia/reperfusion injury, and mitochondrial homeostasis. Upon binding to GLP-1 receptor (GLP-1R), GLP-1 and its analogs exert their effects via adenylyl cyclase-mediated cAMP elevation and subsequent activation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase(s) which stimulates the insulin release in conjunction with enhanced Ca2+ and ATP levels. Recent findings have suggested additional downstream molecular pathways stirred by long-term exposure of GLP-1 analogs, which pave the way for the development of potential therapeutic molecules with longer lasting beneficial effects against diabetic cardiomyopathies. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the recent advances in the understanding of the GLP-1R-dependent and -independent actions of GLP-1 and its analogs in the protection against cardiomyopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhir Pandey
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Supachoke Mangmool
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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Durak A, Turan B. Liraglutide provides cardioprotection through the recovery of mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in aging hearts. J Physiol Biochem 2022:10.1007/s13105-022-00939-9. [PMID: 36515811 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-022-00939-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists improve cardiovascular dysfunction via the pleiotropic effects behind their receptor action. However, it is unknown whether they have a cardioprotective action in the hearts of the elderly. Therefore, we examined the effects of GLP-1R agonist liraglutide treatment (LG, 4 weeks) on the systemic parameters of aged rats (24-month-old) compared to those of adult rats (6-month-old) such as electrocardiograms (ECGs) and systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP). At the cellular level, the action potential (AP) parameters, ionic currents, and Ca2+ regulation were examined in freshly isolated ventricular cardiomyocytes. The LG treatment of aged rats significantly ameliorated the prolongation of QRS duration and increased both SBP and DBP together with recovery in plasma oxidant and antioxidant statuses. The prolonged AP durations and depolarized membrane potentials of the isolated cardiomyocytes from the aged rats were normalized via recoveries in K+ channel currents with LG treatment. The alterations in Ca2+ regulation including leaky-ryanodine receptors (RyR2) could be also ameliorated via recoveries in Na+/Ca2+ exchanger currents with this treatment. A direct LG treatment of isolated aged rat cardiomyocytes could recover the depolarized mitochondrial membrane potential, the increase in both reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS), and the cytosolic Na+ level, although the Na+ channel currents were not affected by aging. Interestingly, LG treatment of aged rat cardiomyocytes provided a significant inhibition of activated sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) and recoveries in the depressed insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS1) and increased protein kinase G (PKG). The recovery in the ratio of phospho-endothelial nitric oxide (pNOS3) level to NOS3 protein level in LG-treated cardiomyocytes implies the involvement of LG-associated inhibition of oxidative stress-induced injury via IRS1-eNOS-PKG pathway in the aging heart. Overall, our data, for the first time, provide important information on the direct cardioprotective effects of GLP-1R agonism with LG in the hearts of aged rats through an examination of recoveries in mitochondrial dysfunction, and both levels of ROS and RNS in left ventricular cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysegul Durak
- Department of Biophysics, Ankara University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Belma Turan
- Department of Biophysics, Lokman Hekim University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey.
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Vergès B, Aboyans V, Angoulvant D, Boutouyrie P, Cariou B, Hyafil F, Mohammedi K, Amarenco P. Protection against stroke with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists: a comprehensive review of potential mechanisms. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2022; 21:242. [PMID: 36380358 PMCID: PMC9667639 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-022-01686-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Several randomized controlled trials have demonstrated the benefits of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) on ischemic stroke in patients with diabetes. In this review, we summarize and discuss the potential mechanisms of stroke protection by GLP-1RAs. GLP-1RAs exert multiple anti-atherosclerotic effects contributing to stroke prevention such as enhanced plaque stability, reduced vascular smooth muscle proliferation, increased nitric oxide, and improved endothelial function. GLP-1RAs also lower the risk of stroke by reducing traditional stroke risk factors including hyperglycemia, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Independently of these peripheral actions, GLP-1RAs show direct cerebral effects in animal stroke models, such as reduction of infarct volume, apoptosis, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, excitotoxicity, blood-brain barrier permeability, and increased neurogenesis, neuroplasticity, angiogenesis, and brain perfusion. Despite these encouraging findings, further research is still needed to understand more thoroughly the mechanisms by which GLP-1RAs may mediate stroke protection specifically in the human diabetic brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Vergès
- grid.5613.10000 0001 2298 9313Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Dijon University Hospital, INSERM Unit, LNC-UMR 1231, University of Burgundy, Dijon, France
| | - Victor Aboyans
- Department of Cardiology, EpiMaCT - INSERM UMR, Dupuytren University Hospital, Limoges University, 1094 & IRD 270, Limoges, France
| | - Denis Angoulvant
- EA4245 Transplantation, Immunity & Inflammation, Department of Cardiology, University of Tours, Tours University Hospital, Tours, France
| | - Pierre Boutouyrie
- Paris Cardiovascular Research CenterUMR-970Department of Pharmacology, INSERM, Georges-Pompidou European Hospital, Paris City University, Paris, France
| | - Bertrand Cariou
- grid.462318.aUniversity of Nantes, Nantes University Hospital Centre, CNRS, INSERM, L’institut du Thorax, Nantes, France
| | - Fabien Hyafil
- grid.414093.b0000 0001 2183 5849Department of Nuclear Medicine, DMU IMAGINA, Georges-Pompidou European Hospital, APHP, Paris City University, Paris, France
| | - Kamel Mohammedi
- grid.412041.20000 0001 2106 639XDepartment of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, University of Bordeaux, INSERM U1034, Pessac, France
| | - Pierre Amarenco
- Neurology and Stroke Center, SOS-TIA Clinic, Bichat Hospital, University of Paris, Paris, France
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Turan B, Durak A, Olgar Y, Tuncay E. Comparisons of pleiotropic effects of SGLT2 inhibition and GLP-1 agonism on cardiac glucose intolerance in heart dysfunction. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 477:2609-2625. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04474-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Recombinant human GLP-1 beinaglutide regulates lipid metabolism of adipose tissues in diet-induced obese mice. iScience 2021; 24:103382. [PMID: 34841227 PMCID: PMC8605346 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2021.103382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
GLP-1 analogs are a class of glucose-lowering agents with multiple benefits in diabetes, but its role in adipose tissues remains to be elucidated. The aim of this study was to determine the action of recombinant human GLP-1 (rhGLP-1) Beinaglutide (BN) in the insulin sensitivity and lipid metabolism of adipose tissues. We have shown that, after BN injection, obese mice displayed lower body weight, fat mass, and plasma lipid levels. In addition, BN promoted the insulin sensitivity in the white adipose tissues. Furthermore, we have found that the BN treatment caused significant changes in content and composition of different lipid classes, including glycerolipids, glycerophospholipids, and sphingolipids, as well as expression of genes in lipid metabolic pathways in the adipose tissues. Taken together, our data demonstrate that BN could resist HFD-induced obesity by targeting the composition of major lipid classes and the expression of genes in lipid metabolism of adipose tissues. Recombinant human GLP-1 Beinaglutide (BN) reduces high-fat-diet-induced obesity BN increases insulin sensitivity of adipocytes in vivo and in vitro BN alters lipidomic and transcriptomic profiles in adipose tissues of obese mice BN promotes thermogenic gene expression in adipose tissues
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Durak A, Akkus E, Canpolat AG, Tuncay E, Corapcioglu D, Turan B. Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist treatment of high carbohydrate intake-induced metabolic syndrome provides pleiotropic effects on cardiac dysfunction through alleviations in electrical and intracellular Ca 2+ abnormalities and mitochondrial dysfunction. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2021; 49:46-59. [PMID: 34519087 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The pleiotropic effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonists on the heart have been recognised in obese or diabetic patients. However, little is known regarding the molecular mechanisms of these agonists in cardioprotective actions under metabolic disturbances. We evaluated the effects of GLP-1R agonist liraglutide treatment on left ventricular cardiomyocytes from high-carbohydrate induced metabolic syndrome rats (MetS rats), characterised with insulin resistance and cardiac dysfunction with a long-QT. Liraglutide (0.3 mg/kg for 4 weeks) treatment of MetS rats significantly reversed long-QT, through a shortening the prolonged action potential duration and recovering inhibited K+ -currents. We also determined a significant recovery in the leaky sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) and high cytosolic Ca2+ -level, which are confirmed with a full recovery in activated Na+ /Ca2+ -exchanger currents (INCX ). Moreover, the liraglutide treatment significantly reversed the depolarised mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), increased production of oxidant markers, and cellular acidification together with the depressed ATP production. Our light microscopy analysis of isolated cardiomyocytes showed marked recoveries in the liraglutide-treated MetS group such as marked reverses in highly dilated T-tubules and SR-mitochondria junctions. Moreover, we determined a significant increase in depressed GLUT4 protein level in liraglutide-treated MetS group, possibly associated with recovery in casein kinase 2α. Overall, the study demonstrated a molecular mechanism of liraglutide-induced cardioprotection in MetS rats, at most, via its pleiotropic effects, such as alleviation in the electrical abnormalities, Ca2+ -homeostasis, and mitochondrial dysfunction in ventricular cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysegul Durak
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biophysics, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Erman Akkus
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Asena Gokcay Canpolat
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Erkan Tuncay
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biophysics, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Demet Corapcioglu
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Belma Turan
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biophysics, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biophysics, Lokman Hekim University, Ankara, Turkey
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Lee TW, Lee TI, Lin YK, Chen YC, Kao YH, Chen YJ. Effect of antidiabetic drugs on the risk of atrial fibrillation: mechanistic insights from clinical evidence and translational studies. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:923-934. [PMID: 32965513 PMCID: PMC11072414 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03648-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is an independent risk factor for atrial fibrillation (AF), which is the most common sustained arrhythmia and is associated with substantial morbidity and mortality. Advanced glycation end product and its receptor activation, cardiac energy dysmetabolism, structural and electrical remodeling, and autonomic dysfunction are implicated in AF pathophysiology in diabetic hearts. Antidiabetic drugs have been demonstrated to possess therapeutic potential for AF. However, clinical investigations of AF in patients with DM have been scant and inconclusive. This article provides a comprehensive review of research findings on the association between DM and AF and critically analyzes the effect of different pharmacological classes of antidiabetic drugs on AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Wei Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-I Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of General Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Kuo Lin
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Chang Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsun Kao
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jen Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Taipei Heart Institute, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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Dorsch LM, Kuster DWD, Jongbloed JDH, Boven LG, van Spaendonck-Zwarts KY, Suurmeijer AJH, Vink A, du Marchie Sarvaas GJ, van den Berg MP, van der Velden J, Brundel BJJM, van der Zwaag PA. The effect of tropomyosin variants on cardiomyocyte function and structure that underlie different clinical cardiomyopathy phenotypes. Int J Cardiol 2020; 323:251-258. [PMID: 32882290 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2020.08.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background - Variants within the alpha-tropomyosin gene (TPM1) cause dominantly inherited cardiomyopathies, including dilated (DCM), hypertrophic (HCM) and restrictive (RCM) cardiomyopathy. Here we investigated whether TPM1 variants observed in DCM and HCM patients affect cardiomyocyte physiology differently. Methods - We identified a large family with DCM carrying a recently identified TPM1 gene variant (T201M) and a child with RCM with compound heterozygote TPM1 variants (E62Q and M281T) whose family members carrying single variants show diastolic dysfunction and HCM. The effects of TPM1 variants (T201M, E62Q or M281T) and of a plasmid containing both the E62Q and M281T variants on single-cell Ca2+ transients (CaT) in HL-1 cardiomyocytes were studied. To define toxic threshold levels, we performed dose-dependent transfection of TPM1 variants. In addition, cardiomyocyte structure was studied in human cardiac biopsies with TPM1 variants. Results - Overexpression of TPM1 variants led to time-dependent progressive deterioration of CaT, with the smallest effect seen for E62Q and larger and similar effects seen for the T201M and M281T variants. Overexpression of E62Q/M281T did not exacerbate the effects seen with overexpression of a single TPM1 variant. T201M (DCM) replaced endogenous tropomyosin dose-dependently, while M281T (HCM) did not. Human cardiac biopsies with TPM1 variants revealed loss of sarcomeric structures. Conclusion - All TPM1 variants result in reduced cardiomyocyte CaT amplitudes and loss of sarcomeric structures. These effects may underlie pathophysiology of different cardiomyopathy phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa M Dorsch
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Diederik W D Kuster
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jan D H Jongbloed
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Ludolf G Boven
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Karin Y van Spaendonck-Zwarts
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Clinical Genetics, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Albert J H Suurmeijer
- Department of Pathology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Aryan Vink
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Maarten P van den Berg
- Department of Cardiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Jolanda van der Velden
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bianca J J M Brundel
- Department of Physiology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Paul A van der Zwaag
- Department of Genetics, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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11
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Chen J, Xu S, Wang L, Zhou W, Li P, Deng N, Tang Q, Li Y, Wu L, Chen J, Li W. Exendin-4 inhibits atrial arrhythmogenesis in a model of myocardial infarction-induced heart failure via the GLP-1 receptor signaling pathway. Exp Ther Med 2020; 20:3669-3678. [PMID: 32855719 PMCID: PMC7444344 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2020.9089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1 receptor) agonists are considered to exert cardioprotective effects in models of acute and chronic heart disease. The present study aimed to investigate the role of exendin-4 (a GLP-1 receptor agonist) in atrial arrhythmogenesis in a model of myocardial infarction (MI)-induced heart failure and to elucidate the mechanisms underlying its effects. For this purpose, male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent sham surgery or left anterior descending artery ligation prior to being treated with saline/exendin-4/exendin-4 plus exendin9-39 (an antagonist of GLP-1 receptor) for 4 weeks. The effects of exendin-4 on atrial electrophysiology, atrial fibrosis and PI3K/AKT signaling were assessed. Rats with MI exhibited depressed left ventricular function, an enlarged left atrium volume, prolonged action potential duration, elevated atrial tachyarrhythmia inducibility, decreased conduction velocity and an increased total activation time, as well as total activation time dispersion and atrial fibrosis. However, these abnormalities were attenuated by treatment with the GLP-1 receptor agonist, exendin-4. Moreover, the expression levels of collagen I, collagen III, transforming growth factor-β1, phosphorylated PI3K and AKT levels in atrial tissues were upregulated in rats with MI. These changes were also attenuated by exendin-4. It was also found that these exedin-4-mediated attenutations were mitigated by the co-administration of exendin9-39 with exendin-4. Overall, the findings of the present study suggested that exendin-4 decreases susceptibility to atrial arrhythmogenesis, improves conduction properties and exerts antifibrotic effects via the GLP-1 receptor signaling pathway. These findings provide evidence for the potential use of GLP-1R in the treatment of atrial fibrillation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China
| | - Shunen Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China
| | - Long Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China
| | - Ping Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China
| | - Na Deng
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China
| | - Qian Tang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China
| | - Yongkang Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China
| | - Lirong Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China
| | - Jiulin Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Qian Xi Nan People's Hospital, Bijie, Guizhou 562400, P.R. China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P.R. China
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An IB, Byun MS, Yang SI, Choi Y, Woo JW, Jang HC, Sung YC. A glycosylated Fc-fused glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist exhibits equivalent glucose lowering to but fewer gastrointestinal side effects than dulaglutide. Diabetes Obes Metab 2020; 22:1455-1468. [PMID: 32314505 PMCID: PMC7383507 DOI: 10.1111/dom.14058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of a novel glycosylated Fc-fused glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1-gFc) receptor agonist with distinctive receptor binding affinity, designed to improve in vivo stability and safety relative to the commercial GLP-1 analogue dulaglutide, and assess its safety profile and pharmacokinetics in healthy humans. MATERIALS AND METHODS We constructed GLP-1-gFc and determined its binding affinity and potency using in vitro instrumental and cell-based analyses followed by in vivo comparison of the glucose-lowering and gastrointestinal side effects between GLP-1-gFc and dulaglutide. A phase 1 clinical trial was conducted to confirm the efficacy and safety profile of GLP-1-gFc. RESULTS GLP-1-gFc showed 10-fold less binding affinity and 4-fold less potency than dulaglutide in in vitro. A potency-adjusted dose delayed HbA1c increase comparable with that of dulaglutide (Change for 6 weeks: 2.4 mg/kg GLP-1-gFc, 4.34 ± 0.40 vs. 0.6 mg/kg dulaglutide, 4.26 ± 0.22; n.s.). However, the equivalent efficacy dose and higher dose did not induce malaise-related responses (blueberry bar consumption, g/mouse: 2.4 mg/kg GLP-1-gFc, 0.15% ± 0.03% vs. 0.6 mg/kg dulaglutide, 0.04% ± 0.01%; P < .01) or QT interval changes (mean at 14-20 hours, mSc: 0.28 mg/kg GLP-1-gFc, 0.0-8.0 vs. 0.07 mg/kg dulaglutide, 8.0-27.7; n.s.), observed as safety variables in rats and monkeys, compared with those of dulaglutide. Glucose reductions in an oral glucose tolerance test were significant at day 3 postdose without severe gastrointestinal adverse events and pulse rate changes in healthy subjects. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that GLP-1-gFc could be used as a novel GLP-1 receptor agonist with better safety than dulaglutide to maximize therapeutic benefits in subjects with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- In Bok An
- Seoul National University Bundang Hospital and Seoul National University College of MedicineSeongnamRepublic of Korea
- Research Institute, Genexine Co. Ltd.SeongnamRepublic of Korea
| | - Mi Sun Byun
- Research Institute, Genexine Co. Ltd.SeongnamRepublic of Korea
| | - Sang In Yang
- Research Institute, Genexine Co. Ltd.SeongnamRepublic of Korea
| | - Yuri Choi
- Research Institute, Genexine Co. Ltd.SeongnamRepublic of Korea
| | - Jung Won Woo
- Research Institute, Genexine Co. Ltd.SeongnamRepublic of Korea
| | - Hak Chul Jang
- Seoul National University Bundang Hospital and Seoul National University College of MedicineSeongnamRepublic of Korea
| | - Young Chul Sung
- Research Institute, Genexine Co. Ltd.SeongnamRepublic of Korea
- Department of Life SciencePohang University of Science and TechnologyPohangRepublic of Korea
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13
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Chen J, Xu S, Zhou W, Wu L, Wang L, Li W. Exendin-4 Reduces Ventricular Arrhythmia Activity and Calcium Sparks-Mediated Sarcoplasmic Reticulum Ca Leak in Rats with Heart Failure. Int Heart J 2020; 61:145-152. [DOI: 10.1536/ihj.19-327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Chen
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University
| | - Shunen Xu
- Department of Orthopedic, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University
| | - Lirong Wu
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University
| | - Long Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University
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14
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Actis Dato V, Benitez-Amaro A, de Gonzalo-Calvo D, Vazquez M, Bonacci G, Llorente-Cortés V, Chiabrando GA. LRP1-Mediated AggLDL Endocytosis Promotes Cholesteryl Ester Accumulation and Impairs Insulin Response in HL-1 Cells. Cells 2020; 9:cells9010182. [PMID: 31936892 PMCID: PMC7016900 DOI: 10.3390/cells9010182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The cardiovascular disease (CVD) frequently developed during metabolic syndrome and type-2 diabetes mellitus is associated with increased levels of aggregation-prone small LDL particles. Aggregated LDL (aggLDL) internalization is mediated by low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP1) promoting intracellular cholesteryl ester (CE) accumulation. Additionally, LRP1 plays a key function in the regulation of insulin receptor (IR) and glucose transporter type 4 (GLUT4) activities. Nevertheless, the link between LRP1, CE accumulation, and insulin response has not been previously studied in cardiomyocytes. We aimed to identify mechanisms through which aggLDL, by its interaction with LRP1, produce CE accumulation and affects the insulin-induced intracellular signaling and GLUT4 trafficking in HL-1 cells. We demonstrated that LRP1 mediates the endocytosis of aggLDL and promotes CE accumulation in these cells. Moreover, aggLDL reduced the molecular association between IR and LRP1 and impaired insulin-induced intracellular signaling activation. Finally, aggLDL affected GLUT4 translocation to the plasma membrane and the 2-NBDG uptake in insulin-stimulated cells. We conclude that LRP1 is a key regulator of the insulin response, which can be altered by CE accumulation through LRP1-mediated aggLDL endocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Actis Dato
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba 5000, Argentina; (V.A.D.); (M.V.); (G.B.)
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Córdoba 5000, Argentina
| | - Aleyda Benitez-Amaro
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB)-Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (A.B.-A.); (D.d.G.-C.)
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08025 Barcelona, Spain
| | - David de Gonzalo-Calvo
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB)-Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (A.B.-A.); (D.d.G.-C.)
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08025 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERCV, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Maximiliano Vazquez
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba 5000, Argentina; (V.A.D.); (M.V.); (G.B.)
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Córdoba 5000, Argentina
| | - Gustavo Bonacci
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba 5000, Argentina; (V.A.D.); (M.V.); (G.B.)
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Córdoba 5000, Argentina
| | - Vicenta Llorente-Cortés
- Institute of Biomedical Research of Barcelona (IIBB)-Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 08025 Barcelona, Spain; (A.B.-A.); (D.d.G.-C.)
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), 08025 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERCV, Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (V.L.-C.); (G.A.C.); Tel.: +54-351-4334264 (ext. 3431) (G.A.C.); Fax: +54-351-4333048 (G.A.C.)
| | - Gustavo Alberto Chiabrando
- Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba 5000, Argentina; (V.A.D.); (M.V.); (G.B.)
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Centro de Investigaciones en Bioquímica Clínica e Inmunología (CIBICI), Córdoba 5000, Argentina
- Correspondence: (V.L.-C.); (G.A.C.); Tel.: +54-351-4334264 (ext. 3431) (G.A.C.); Fax: +54-351-4333048 (G.A.C.)
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15
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Empagliflozin Attenuates Myocardial Sodium and Calcium Dysregulation and Reverses Cardiac Remodeling in Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20071680. [PMID: 30987285 PMCID: PMC6479313 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20071680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) has significant effects on cardiac calcium (Ca2+) and sodium (Na+) regulation. Clinical studies have shown that empagliflozin (Jardiance™) has cardiovascular benefits, however the mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. This study aimed to investigate whether empagliflozin modulates cardiac electrical activity as well as Ca2+/Na+ homeostasis in DM cardiomyopathy. Electrocardiography, echocardiography, whole-cell patch-clamp, confocal microscopic examinations, and Western blot, were performed in the ventricular myocytes of control and streptozotocin-induced DM rats, with or without empagliflozin (10 mg/kg for 4 weeks). The results showed that the control and empagliflozin-treated DM rats had smaller left ventricular end-diastolic diameters and shorter QT intervals than the DM rats. In addition, the prolonged action potential duration in the DM rats was attenuated in the empagliflozin-treated DM rats. Moreover, the DM rats had smaller sarcoplasmic reticular Ca2+ contents, intracellular Ca2+ transients, L-type Ca2+, reverse mode Na+-Ca2+exchanger currents, lower protein expressions of sarcoplasmic reticulum ATPase, ryanodine receptor 2 (RyR2), but higher protein expressions of phosphorylated RyR2 at serine 2808 than the control and empagliflozin-treated DM rats. The incidence and frequency of Ca2+ sparks, cytosolic and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species, and late Na+ current and Na+/hydrogen-exchanger currents were greater in the DM rats than in the control and empagliflozin-treated DM rats. Empagliflozin significantly changed Ca2+ regulation, late Na+ and Na+/hydrogen-exchanger currents and electrophysiological characteristics in DM cardiomyopathy, which may contribute to its cardioprotective benefits in DM patients.
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16
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Liraglutide suppresses atrial electrophysiological changes. Heart Vessels 2019; 34:1389-1393. [DOI: 10.1007/s00380-018-01327-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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17
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Yan L, Tang Q, Quan X, Ren H, Chen W, Xia H, Luo H. Effects of exendin-4 on colonic motility in rats and its underlying mechanism. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2019; 31:e13482. [PMID: 30303298 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.13482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2018] [Revised: 09/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor (GLP-1R) agonists modulate gastrointestinal motility; however, the effects of GLP-1R agonists on colonic motility are still controversial, and the molecular mechanism is unclear. Exendin-4 shares 53% homology with GLP-1 and is a full agonist of GLP-1R. In this study, our aims were to explore the role and mechanism of exendin-4 in isolated rat colonic tissues and cells. METHODS An organ bath system was used to examine the spontaneous contractions of smooth muscle strips. The whole-cell patch-clamp technique was used to investigate the currents of L-type voltage-dependent calcium channels and large conductance Ca2+ -activated K+ (BKCa ) channels in smooth muscle cells. KEY RESULTS Exendin-4 decreased both the amplitude and frequency of spontaneous contractions of smooth muscle strips in a concentration-dependent manner. The inhibitory effect was completely blocked by exendin-4(9-39), a GLP-1R antagonist. Moreover, this effect was partially abolished by tetrodotoxin (TTX), a blocker of neuronal voltage-dependent Na+ channels, Nω-Nitro-l-arginine (L-NNA), a nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor, apamin, an inhibitor of small-conductance Ca2+ -activated K+ (SK) channels. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings revealed that exendin-4 inhibited the peak current of L-type calcium channels in colonic smooth muscle cells, but did not change the shape of the current-voltage (I-V) curves. The steady-state activation and steady-state inactivation of L-type calcium channels were not affected. Likewise, BKCa currents were significantly inhibited by exendin-4. CONCLUSIONS Exendin-4 indirectly inhibits colonic muscle activity via a nitrergic and a purinergic neural pathway through NO and ATP release and inhibits L-type voltage-dependent calcium channels and BKCa channels in smooth muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qincai Tang
- Department of Pathology, China Three Gorges University College of Medicine, Yichang, China
| | - Xiaojing Quan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
| | - Haixia Ren
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Digestive System Diseases, Wuhan, China
| | - Hesheng Luo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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18
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Warbrick I, Rabkin SW. Effect of the peptides Relaxin, Neuregulin, Ghrelin and Glucagon-like peptide-1, on cardiomyocyte factors involved in the molecular mechanisms leading to diastolic dysfunction and/or heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. Peptides 2019; 111:33-41. [PMID: 29807087 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2018.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Revised: 05/19/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) represents an important cardiac condition because of its increasing prevalence, resistance to treatment and high associated morbidity and mortality. Two of the major mechanisms responsible for HFpEF are impaired cardiomyocyte sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA2a), which is responsible for calcium reuptake into the SR, and cardiac fibroblasts/myofibroblasts that produce collagen or myocardial fibrosis. Phospholamban (PLB), in the SR and endoplasmic reticulum, is the primary regulator of SERCA2a in the heart and acts as a reversible inhibitor of SERCA2a. Glucagon-like peptide-1, a 30 amino acid peptide, improves diastolic function through increasing SERCA2a expression and activity as well as by decreasing phosphorylation of Ryanodine receptors. It also enhances collagen production through enhanced procollagen IalphaI/IIIalphaI, connective tissue growth factor, fibronectin, TGF-β3 as well as Interleukin -10, -1beta, and -6 gene expression. Relaxin-2, a two chain, 53 amino acid peptide, increases Ser16- and Thr17-phosphorylation levels of PLB, thereby relieving SERCA2a of its inhibition. H3 Relaxin inhibits TGF-β1-stimulated collagen deposition through H3 relaxin-induced increases in pSmad2. Neuregulin-1, an epidermal growth factor, induces nitric oxide and PI-3 kinase activation that enhance SERCA2 activity. Neuregulin-1 was associated with less myocardial macrophage infiltration and cytokine expression reducing collagen deposition. Ghrelin, a 28 amino acid peptide, improves SERCA2a function by inducing PLB phosphorylation. Ghrelin also reduces cardiac fibrosis. In summary, Glucagon-like peptide-1, Relaxin-2, Neuregulin-1, and Ghrelin each modify calcium dynamics, collagen expression, and myocardial fibrosis through attenuation of deleterious signaling cascades, and induction of adaptive pathways, representing potential therapeutic targets for HFpEF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Simon W Rabkin
- University of British Columbia, Canada; Department of Medicine (Cardiology), Canada.
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19
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Liu Y, Jiang X, Chen X. Liraglutide and Metformin alone or combined therapy for type 2 diabetes patients complicated with coronary artery disease. Lipids Health Dis 2017; 16:227. [PMID: 29197387 PMCID: PMC5712174 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-017-0609-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study is to compare the effects of Liraglutide and Metformin alone or combined treatment on the cardiac function in T2DM patients complicated with CAD. METHODS 120 T2DM patients were included at Endocrinology Department of Tianjin First Center Hospital (Tianjin, China) from April 2012 to September 2013. The study contained two sections. Section 1: 30 patients in group 1 was treated with Liraglutide (Novo Nordisk) (1.2 mg/d), and 30 patients in group 2 with Metformin (Shiguibao) (1500 mg/d) for 24 weeks. Section 2: 30 patients in group1 was treated with Liraglutide (1.8 mg/d) and 30 in group 2 with Liraglutide (1.2 mg/d) plus Metformin (1500 mg/d) for 24 weeks. Fasting blood glucose (FBG), postprandial glucose (PPG), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), body mass index (BMI), blood pressure (BP), triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), C reactive protein (CRP), left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD), ejection fraction (EF) and the ratio of early (E) to late (A) ventricular filling velocities (E/A ratio) were measured before and after the 24-week treatment. RESULTS After 24-week treatment, when blood glucose level was controlled in 4 groups, Liraglutide alone treatment showed better improvements than on all measuring except TG in Section 1, however, combined treatment of Liraglutide and Metformin showed better improvements on all measuring except BMI, TG and BP in Section 2. CONCLUSIONS With similar glycemic control, the Liraglutide (1.2 mg/d) monotherapy showed the better effects than either Metformin alone, or combination of Liraglutide and Metformin on lipid metabolism and cardiovascular function. TRIAL REGISTRATION This trial was registered at Chinese Clinical Trial Registry ( chictr.org.cn ) # ChiCTR-IPR-16008578 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Tianjin First Center Hospital, 24 Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300192, China.
| | - Xia Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, Tianjin First Center Hospital, 24 Fukang Road, Nankai District, Tianjin, 300192, China
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Tianjin First Center Hospital, Tianjin, 300192, China
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20
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PALEE S, CHATTIPAKORN SC, CHATTIPAKORN N. Liraglutide Preserves Intracellular Calcium Handling in Isolated Murine Myocytes Exposed to Oxidative Stress. Physiol Res 2017; 66:889-895. [DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.933558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In ischemic/reperfusion (I/R) injured hearts, severe oxidative stress occurs and is associated with intracellular calcium (Ca2+) overload. Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) analogues have been shown to exert cardioprotection in I/R heart. However, there is little information regarding the effects of GLP-1 analogue on the intracellular Ca2+ regulation in the presence of oxidative stress. Therefore, we investigated the effects of GLP-1 analogue, (liraglutide, 10 µM) applied before or after hydrogen peroxide (H2O2, 50 µM) treatment on intracellular Ca2+ regulation in isolated cardiomyocytes. We hypothesized that liraglutide can attenuate intracellular Ca2+ overload in cardiomyocytes under H2O2-induced cardiomyocyte injury. Cardiomyocytes were isolated from the hearts of male Wistar rats. Isolated cardiomyocytes were loaded with Fura-2/AM and fluorescence intensity was recorded. Intracellular Ca2+ transient decay rate, intracellular Ca2+ transient amplitude and intracellular diastolic Ca2+ levels were recorded before and after treatment with liraglutide. In H2O2 induced severe oxidative stressed cardiomyocytes (which mimic cardiac I/R) injury, liraglutide given prior to or after H2O2 administration effectively increased both intracellular Ca2+ transient amplitude and intracellular Ca2+ transient decay rate, without altering the intracellular diastolic Ca2+ level. Liraglutide attenuated intracellular Ca2+ overload in H2O2-induced cardiomyocyte injury and may be responsible for cardioprotection during cardiac I/R injury by preserving physiological levels of calcium handling during the systolic and diastolic phases of myocyte activation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - N. CHATTIPAKORN
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Chen J, Wang D, Wang F, Shi S, Chen Y, Yang B, Tang Y, Huang C. Exendin-4 inhibits structural remodeling and improves Ca 2+ homeostasis in rats with heart failure via the GLP-1 receptor through the eNOS/cGMP/PKG pathway. Peptides 2017; 90:69-77. [PMID: 28242257 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2017.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) agonist exendin-4 is a long-acting analog of GLP-1, which stimulates insulin secretion and is clinically used in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. Previous studies have demonstrated that GLP-1 agonists and analogs serve as cardioprotective factors in various conditions. Disturbances in calcium cycling are characteristic of heart failure (HF); therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of exendin-4 (a GLP-1 mimetic) on the regulation of calcium handling and to identify the underlying mechanisms in an HF rat model after myocardial infarction (MI). Rats underwent surgical ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery or sham surgery prior to infusion with vehicle, exendin-4, or exendin-4 and exendin9-39 for 4 weeks. Exendin-4 treatment decreased MI size, suppressed chamber dilation, myocyte hypertrophy, and fibrosis and improved in vivo heart function in the rats subjected to MI. Exendin-4 resulted in an increase in circulating GLP-1 and GLP-1R in ventricular tissues. Additionally, exendin-4 activated the eNOS/cGMP/PKG signaling pathway and inhibited the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) pathways. Myocytes isolated from exendin-4-treated hearts displayed higher Ca2+ transients, higher sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ content, and higher l-type Ca2+ current densities than MI hearts. Exendin-4 treatment restored the protein expression of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ uptake ATPase (SERCA2a), phosphorylated phospholamban (PLB) and Cav1.2 and decreased the levels of phosphorylated ryanodine receptor (RyR). Moreover, the favorable effects of exendin-4 were significantly inhibited by exendin9-39 (a GLP-1 receptor antagonist). Exendin-4 treatment of an HF rat model after MI inhibited cardiac and cardiomyocytes progressive remodeling. In addition, Ca2+ handling and its molecular modulation were also improved by exendin-4 treatment. The beneficial effects of exendin-4 on cardiac remodeling may be mediated through activation of the eNOS/cGMP/PKG pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Fangai Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Shaobo Shi
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Yuting Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Yanhong Tang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Congxin Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China.
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22
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Elliott JA, Reynolds JV, le Roux CW, Docherty NG. Physiology, pathophysiology and therapeutic implications of enteroendocrine control of food intake. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2016; 11:475-499. [PMID: 30058920 DOI: 10.1080/17446651.2016.1245140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
With the increasing prevalence of obesity and its associated comorbidities, strides to improve treatment strategies have enhanced our understanding of the function of the gut in the regulation of food intake. The most successful intervention for obesity to date, bariatric surgery effectively manipulates enteroendocrine physiology to enhance satiety and reduce hunger. Areas covered: In the present article, we provide a detailed overview of the physiology of enteroendocrine control of food intake, and discuss its pathophysiologic correlates and therapeutic implications in both obesity and gastrointestinal disease. Expert commentary: Ongoing research in the field of nutrient sensing by L-cells, as well as understanding the role of the microbiome and bile acid signaling may facilitate the development of novel strategies to combat the rising population health threat associated with obesity. Further refinement of post-prandial satiety gut hormone based therapies, including the development of chimeric peptides exploiting the pleiotropic nature of the gut hormone response, and identification of novel methods of delivery may hold the key to optimization of therapeutic modulation of gut hormone physiology in obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessie A Elliott
- a Diabetes Complications Research Centre, Conway Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Research , University College Dublin , Dublin , Ireland
- b Department of Surgery, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences , Trinity College Dublin and St. James's Hospital , Dublin , Ireland
| | - John V Reynolds
- b Department of Surgery, Trinity Centre for Health Sciences , Trinity College Dublin and St. James's Hospital , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Carel W le Roux
- a Diabetes Complications Research Centre, Conway Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Research , University College Dublin , Dublin , Ireland
- c Gastrosurgical Laboratory, Sahlgrenska Academy , University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
| | - Neil G Docherty
- a Diabetes Complications Research Centre, Conway Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Research , University College Dublin , Dublin , Ireland
- c Gastrosurgical Laboratory, Sahlgrenska Academy , University of Gothenburg , Gothenburg , Sweden
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23
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Jorsal A, Kistorp C, Holmager P, Tougaard RS, Nielsen R, Hänselmann A, Nilsson B, Møller JE, Hjort J, Rasmussen J, Boesgaard TW, Schou M, Videbaek L, Gustafsson I, Flyvbjerg A, Wiggers H, Tarnow L. Effect of liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 analogue, on left ventricular function in stable chronic heart failure patients with and without diabetes (LIVE)-a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Eur J Heart Fail 2016; 19:69-77. [PMID: 27790809 DOI: 10.1002/ejhf.657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 315] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 08/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To determine the effect of the glucagon-like peptide-1 analogue liraglutide on left ventricular function in chronic heart failure patients with and without type 2 diabetes. METHODS AND RESULTS LIVE was an investigator-initiated, randomised, double-blinded, placebo-controlled multicentre trial. Patients (n = 241) with reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF ≤45%) were recruited (February 2012 to August 2015). Patients were clinically stable and on optimal heart failure treatment. Intervention was liraglutide 1.8 mg once daily or matching placebo for 24 weeks. The LVEF was similar at baseline in the liraglutide and the placebo group (33.7 ± 7.6% vs. 35.4 ± 9.4%). Change in LVEF did not differ between the liraglutide and the placebo group; mean difference (95% confidence interval) was -0.8% (-2.1, 0.5; P = 0.24). Heart rate increased with liraglutide [mean difference: 7 b.p.m. (5, 9), P < 0.0001]. Serious cardiac events were seen in 12 (10%) patients treated with liraglutide compared with 3 (3%) patients in the placebo group (P = 0.04). CONCLUSION Liraglutide did not affect left ventricular systolic function compared with placebo in stable chronic heart failure patients with and without diabetes. Treatment with liraglutide was associated with an increase in heart rate and more serious cardiac adverse events, and this raises some concern with respect to the use of liraglutide in patients with chronic heart failure and reduced left ventricular function. More data on the safety of liraglutide in different subgroups of heart failure patients are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Jorsal
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Caroline Kistorp
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Herlev University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Pernille Holmager
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Herlev University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Stilling Tougaard
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Roni Nielsen
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anja Hänselmann
- Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Brian Nilsson
- Department of Cardiology, Hvidovre University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Jakob Hjort
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jon Rasmussen
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Herlev University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Morten Schou
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Cardiology, Herlev and Gentofte University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Videbaek
- Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Ida Gustafsson
- Department of Cardiology, Hvidovre University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Allan Flyvbjerg
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Henrik Wiggers
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lise Tarnow
- Steno Diabetes Center, Gentofte, Denmark.,Faculty of Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.,Nordsjaellands University Hospital, Hillerød, Denmark
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