1
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Xia W, Yu H, Wen P. Meta-analysis on GLP-1 mediated modulation of autophagy in islet β-cells: Prospectus for improved wound healing in type 2 diabetes. Int Wound J 2024; 21:e14841. [PMID: 38512120 PMCID: PMC10956537 DOI: 10.1111/iwj.14841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus refers to a significantly challenging health disease due to its high prevalence and risk of other chronic diseases across the world. Notably, GLP-1 has been recognized to enhance the treatment of T2DM, along with this, GLP-1 is also involved in autophagy modulation. However, ineffectiveness of few analogue types can limit the efficacy of this treatment. This study particularly aims to elucidate the influence of GLP-1 receptor analogues on wound infection and patients with type 2 diabetes. To conduct the meta-analysis, an expansive literature survey was conducted to unveil the studies and research conducted on T2DM patients that revealed whether the adoption of any GLP-1 analogue in the form of specific interventions impacts the type 2 diabetes mellitus. The literature was searched using multiple search terms, screened and data were extracted to conduct the meta-analysis and it was conducted using metabin function of R package meta. A total of 800 patients consisting of the both intervention and control groups were employed to carry out the meta-analysis to analyse and evaluate the impact of GLP-1 mediated modulation to improve wound healing in the T2DM patients. The results revealed that GLP-1 mediated modulation considering one type of analogue was an effective intervention to patients suffering from T2DM. The variations in these results depicted insignificant outcomes with the values (risk ratio [RR]: 1.03, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.90-1.18, p > 0.05) and enlightened the fact that adopting different GLP-1 analogues may significantly improve the efficacy of wound healing in T2DM patients. Hence, interventions of GLP-1 mediated modulation must be utilized in the clinical practice to reduce the incidence of T2DM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Xia
- Department of CardiologyAffiliated Hospital of Jiujiang UniversityJiujiang CityChina
| | - Hua Yu
- Department of CardiologyAffiliated Hospital of Jiujiang UniversityJiujiang CityChina
| | - Pengcheng Wen
- Department of CardiologyAffiliated Hospital of Jiujiang UniversityJiujiang CityChina
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2
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Yaribeygi H, Maleki M, Santos RD, Jamialahmadi T, Sahebkar A. Glp-1 Mimetics and Autophagy in Diabetic Milieu: State-of-the-Art. Curr Diabetes Rev 2024; 20:e250124226181. [PMID: 38299271 DOI: 10.2174/0115733998276570231222105959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
The diabetic milieu is associated with cascades of pathophysiological pathways that culminate in diabetic complications and tissue injuries. Autophagy is an essential process mandatory for cell survival and tissue homeostasis by degrading damaged organelles and removing injured cells. However, it may turn into a pathological process in an aberrant mode in the diabetic and/or malignant milieu. Moreover, autophagy could serve as a promising therapeutic target for many complications related to tissue injury. Glp-1 mimetics are a class of newer antidiabetic agents that reduce blood glucose through several pathways. However, some evidence suggests that they can provide extra glycemic benefits by modulating autophagy, although there is no complete understanding of this mechanism and its underlying molecular pathways. Hence, in the current review, we aimed to provide new insights on the possible impact of Glp-1 mimetics on autophagy and consequent benefits as well as mediating pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Habib Yaribeygi
- Research Center of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Mina Maleki
- Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Raul D Santos
- Lipid Clinic Heart Institute (Incor), University of São Paulo, Medical School Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tannaz Jamialahmadi
- Medical Toxicolgy Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Surgical Oncology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Medical Toxicolgy Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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3
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Sehrawat A, Mishra J, Mastana SS, Navik U, Bhatti GK, Reddy PH, Bhatti JS. Dysregulated autophagy: A key player in the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes and its complications. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2023; 1869:166666. [PMID: 36791919 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is essential in regulating the turnover of macromolecules via removing damaged organelles, misfolded proteins in various tissues, including liver, skeletal muscles, and adipose tissue to maintain the cellular homeostasis. In these tissues, a specific type of autophagy maintains the accumulation of lipid droplets which is directly related to obesity and the development of insulin resistance. It appears to play a protective role in a normal physiological environment by eliminating the invading pathogens, protein aggregates, and damaged organelles and generating energy and new building blocks by recycling the cellular components. Ageing is also a crucial modulator of autophagy process. During stress conditions involving nutrient deficiency, lipids excess, hypoxia etc., autophagy serves as a pro-survival mechanism by recycling the free amino acids to maintain the synthesis of proteins. The dysregulated autophagy has been found in several ageing associated diseases including type 2 diabetes (T2DM), cancer, and neurodegenerative disorders. So, targeting autophagy can be a promising therapeutic strategy against the progression to diabetes related complications. Our article provides a comprehensive outline of understanding of the autophagy process, including its types, mechanisms, regulation, and role in the pathophysiology of T2DM and related complications. We also explored the significance of autophagy in the homeostasis of β-cells, insulin resistance (IR), clearance of protein aggregates such as islet amyloid polypeptide, and various insulin-sensitive tissues. This will further pave the way for developing novel therapeutic strategies for diabetes-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Sehrawat
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Nanotherapeutics, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Jayapriya Mishra
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Nanotherapeutics, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India
| | - Sarabjit Singh Mastana
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK.
| | - Umashanker Navik
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India.
| | - Gurjit Kaur Bhatti
- Department of Medical Lab Technology, University Institute of Applied Health Sciences, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India
| | - P Hemachandra Reddy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Public Health, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Neurology, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA; Department of Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA.
| | - Jasvinder Singh Bhatti
- Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Nanotherapeutics, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India.
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4
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Han YP, Liu LJ, Yan JL, Chen MY, Meng XF, Zhou XR, Qian LB. Autophagy and its therapeutic potential in diabetic nephropathy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1139444. [PMID: 37020591 PMCID: PMC10067862 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1139444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN), the leading cause of end-stage renal disease, is the most significant microvascular complication of diabetes and poses a severe public health concern due to a lack of effective clinical treatments. Autophagy is a lysosomal process that degrades damaged proteins and organelles to preserve cellular homeostasis. Emerging studies have shown that disorder in autophagy results in the accumulation of damaged proteins and organelles in diabetic renal cells and promotes the development of DN. Autophagy is regulated by nutrient-sensing pathways including AMPK, mTOR, and Sirt1, and several intracellular stress signaling pathways such as oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress. An abnormal nutritional status and excess cellular stresses caused by diabetes-related metabolic disorders disturb the autophagic flux, leading to cellular dysfunction and DN. Here, we summarized the role of autophagy in DN focusing on signaling pathways to modulate autophagy and therapeutic interferences of autophagy in DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Peng Han
- School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li-Juan Liu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jia-Lin Yan
- School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meng-Yuan Chen
- School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiang-Fei Meng
- School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin-Ru Zhou
- School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ling-Bo Qian
- School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, China
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5
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Miao XY, Zhu XX, Gu ZY, Fu B, Cui SY, Zu Y, Rong LJ, Hu F, Chen XM, Gong YP, Li CL. Astragalus Polysaccharides Reduce High-glucose-induced Rat Aortic Endothelial Cell Senescence and Inflammasome Activation by Modulating the Mitochondrial Na +/Ca 2+ Exchanger. Cell Biochem Biophys 2022; 80:341-353. [PMID: 35107747 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-021-01058-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial cells play a vital role in atherosclerotic changes and the progression of cardiovascular disease in older adults. Previous studies have indicated that Astragalus polysaccharides (APS), a main active component of the traditional Chinese medicine Astragalus, protect mitochondria and exert an antiaging effect in the mouse liver and brain. However, the effect of APS on rat aortic endothelial cell (RAEC) senescence and its underlying mechanism have not been investigated. In this study, we extracted RAECs from 2-month-old male Wistar rats by the tissue explant method and found that APS ameliorated the high-glucose-induced increase in the frequency of SA-β-Gal positivity and the levels of the senescence-related proteins p16, p21, and p53. APS increased the tube formation capacity of RAECs under high-glucose conditions. Moreover, APS enhanced the expression of the mitochondrial Na+/Ca2+ exchanger NCLX, and knockdown of NCLX by small interfering RNA (siRNA) transfection suppressed the antiaging effect of APS under high-glucose conditions. Additionally, APS ameliorated RAEC mitochondrial dysfunction, including increasing ATP production, cytochrome C oxidase activity and the oxygen consumption rate (OCR), and inhibited high-glucose-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation and IL-1β release, which were reversed by siNCLX. These results indicate that APS reduces high-glucose-induced inflammasome activation and ameliorates mitochondrial dysfunction and senescence in RAECs by modulating NCLX. Additionally, APS enhanced the levels of autophagy-related proteins (LC3B-II/I, Atg7) and increased the quantity of autophagic vacuoles under high-glucose conditions. Therefore, these data demonstrate that APS may reduce vascular endothelial cell inflammation and senescence through NCLX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yu Miao
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Xiao Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao-Yan Gu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bo Fu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Shao-Yuan Cui
- Department of Nephrology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yuan Zu
- Department of Blood Purification, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ling-Jun Rong
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang-Mei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Ping Gong
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
| | - Chun-Lin Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Medical Center & National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
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6
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Abstract
Autophagy is an evolutionarily conserved, lysosome-dependent catabolic process whereby cytoplasmic components, including damaged organelles, protein aggregates and lipid droplets, are degraded and their components recycled. Autophagy has an essential role in maintaining cellular homeostasis in response to intracellular stress; however, the efficiency of autophagy declines with age and overnutrition can interfere with the autophagic process. Therefore, conditions such as sarcopenic obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) that are characterized by metabolic derangement and intracellular stresses (including oxidative stress, inflammation and endoplasmic reticulum stress) also involve the accumulation of damaged cellular components. These conditions are prevalent in ageing populations. For example, sarcopenia is an age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength that is involved in the pathogenesis of both insulin resistance and T2DM, particularly in elderly people. Impairment of autophagy results in further aggravation of diabetes-related metabolic derangements in insulin target tissues, including the liver, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, as well as in pancreatic β-cells. This Review summarizes the role of autophagy in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases associated with or occurring in the context of ageing, including insulin resistance, T2DM and sarcopenic obesity, and describes its potential as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munehiro Kitada
- Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
- Division of Anticipatory Molecular Food Science and Technology, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Daisuke Koya
- Department of Diabetology and Endocrinology, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan.
- Division of Anticipatory Molecular Food Science and Technology, Medical Research Institute, Kanazawa Medical University, Uchinada, Ishikawa, Japan.
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Kusatsu General Hospital, Kusatsu, Shiga, Japan.
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7
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An W, Huang Y, Chen S, Teng T, Shi Y, Sun Z, Xu Y. Mechanisms of Rhizoma Coptidis against type 2 diabetes mellitus explored by network pharmacology combined with molecular docking and experimental validation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:20849. [PMID: 34675276 PMCID: PMC8531350 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00293-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
This study systematically explored the underlying mechanism of Rhizoma Coptidis against type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) by using network pharmacology and molecular docking and experimental validation. We retrieved and screened active compounds of Rhizoma Coptidis and corresponding T2DM-related targets across multiple databases. PPI networks of the genes were constructed using STRING, and the core targets were screened via topological analysis. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses were performed by using DAVID. Finally, molecular docking and experimental studies were performed after bioinformatic analysis for verification. There were 14 active compounds and 19 core targets of Rhizoma Coptidis-T2DM, of which quercetin was identified as the main compound and IL6, VEGFA and TNF were the most significant core targets. GO and KEGG enrichment analyses showed that Rhizoma Coptidis ameliorated T2DM by regulating multiple biological processes and pathways. Docking studies indicated that IL6, VEGFA and TNF could stably bind with all active compounds of Rhizoma Coptidis. The results of our experiments revealed that Rhizoma Coptidis could inhibit the expression of IL6 and TNFα and enhance islet cell viability. This study suggests anti-inflammatory therapeutic effects of Rhizoma Coptidis on T2DM, thereby providing a scientific basis and new insight for further research on the antidiabetic effect of Rhizoma Coptidis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenrong An
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Yanqin Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250014, China
| | - Shouqiang Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1 Jingba Road, Jinan, 250001, China
| | - Tao Teng
- Department of Endocrinology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1 Jingba Road, Jinan, 250001, China
| | - Yingning Shi
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Zhenhai Sun
- First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, China
| | - Yunsheng Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 1 Jingba Road, Jinan, 250001, China.
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8
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Zummo FP, Krishnanda SI, Georgiou M, O'Harte FP, Parthsarathy V, Cullen KS, Honkanen-Scott M, Shaw JA, Lovat PE, Arden C. Exendin-4 stimulates autophagy in pancreatic β-cells via the RAPGEF/EPAC-Ca 2+-PPP3/calcineurin-TFEB axis. Autophagy 2021; 18:799-815. [PMID: 34338148 PMCID: PMC9037459 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1956123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy is critical for the regulation of pancreatic β-cell mass and its deregulation has been implicated in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2D). We have previously shown that treatment of pancreatic β-cells with the GLP1R (glucagon like peptide 1 receptor) agonist exendin-4 stimulates autophagic flux in a setting of chronic nutrient excess. The aim of this study was to identify the underlying pathways contributing to enhanced autophagic flux. Pancreatic β-cells (INS-1E),mouse and human islets were treated with glucolipotoxic stress (0.5 mM palmitate and 25 mM glucose) in the presence of exendin-4. Consistent with our previous work, exendin-4 stimulated autophagic flux. Using chemical inhibitors and siRNA knockdown, we identified RAPGEF4/EPAC2 (Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 4) and downstream calcium signaling to be essential for regulation of autophagic flux by exendin-4. This pathway was independent of AMPK and MTOR signaling. Further analysis identified PPP3/calcineurin and its downstream regulator TFEB (transcription factor EB) as key proteins mediating exendin-4 induced autophagy. Importantly, inhibition of this pathway prevented exendin-4-mediated cell survival and overexpression of TFEB mimicked the cell protective effects of exendin-4 in INS-1E and human islets. Moreover, treatment of db/db mice with exendin-4 for 21 days increased the expression of lysosomal markers within the pancreatic islets. Collectively our data identify the RAPGEF4/EPAC2-calcium-PPP3/calcineurin-TFEB axis as a key mediator of autophagic flux, lysosomal function and cell survival in pancreatic β-cells. Pharmacological modulation of this axis may offer a novel therapeutic target for the treatment of T2D. Abbreviations: AKT1/protein kinase B: AKT serine/threonine kinase 1; AMPK: 5’ AMP-activated protein kinase; CAMKK: calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase; cAMP: cyclic adenosine monophosphate; CASP3: caspase 3; CREB: cAMP response element-binding protein; CTSD: cathepsin D; Ex4: exendin-4(1-39); GLP-1: glucagon like peptide 1; GLP1R: glucagon like peptide 1 receptor; GLT: glucolipotoxicity; INS: insulin; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; NFAT: nuclear factor of activated T-cells; PPP3/calcineurin: protein phosphatase 3; PRKA/PKA: protein kinase cAMP activated; RAPGEF3/EPAC1: Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 3; RAPGEF4/EPAC2: Rap guanine nucleotide exchange factor 4; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; T2D: type 2 diabetes; TFEB: transcription factor EB
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco P Zummo
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Stanislaus I Krishnanda
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.,Department of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Merilin Georgiou
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Finbarr Pm O'Harte
- The SAAD Centre for Pharmacy & Diabetes, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Vadivel Parthsarathy
- The SAAD Centre for Pharmacy & Diabetes, Ulster University, Coleraine, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Kirsty S Cullen
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Minna Honkanen-Scott
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - James Am Shaw
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Penny E Lovat
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Catherine Arden
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
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9
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Mechanisms of Beta-Cell Apoptosis in Type 2 Diabetes-Prone Situations and Potential Protection by GLP-1-Based Therapies. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22105303. [PMID: 34069914 PMCID: PMC8157542 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22105303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is characterized by chronic hyperglycemia secondary to the decline of functional beta-cells and is usually accompanied by a reduced sensitivity to insulin. Whereas altered beta-cell function plays a key role in T2D onset, a decreased beta-cell mass was also reported to contribute to the pathophysiology of this metabolic disease. The decreased beta-cell mass in T2D is, at least in part, attributed to beta-cell apoptosis that is triggered by diabetogenic situations such as amyloid deposits, lipotoxicity and glucotoxicity. In this review, we discussed the molecular mechanisms involved in pancreatic beta-cell apoptosis under such diabetes-prone situations. Finally, we considered the molecular signaling pathways recruited by glucagon-like peptide-1-based therapies to potentially protect beta-cells from death under diabetogenic situations.
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10
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Zhao C, Li X, Ma J, Zhu Z, Li H, Lou F, Zhai Y, Chen H, Xiao S, Peng Q, Hua H, Zhang Q, Lou F. Effects of liraglutide combined with metformin and Diamicron on glucose–lipid metabolism and islet β-cell function in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. ALL LIFE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/26895293.2021.1917457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chunzhi Zhao
- Department of Geriatrics, Taizhou Peoples Hospital, Taizhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xing Li
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jianhua Ma
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Nanjing Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhengtai Zhu
- Department of Geriatrics, Taizhou Peoples Hospital, Taizhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hua Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Taizhou Peoples Hospital, Taizhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fangli Lou
- Nursing School of Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yuefang Zhai
- Department of Geriatrics, Taizhou Peoples Hospital, Taizhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, Taizhou Peoples Hospital, Taizhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shujun Xiao
- Department of Geriatrics, Taizhou Peoples Hospital, Taizhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qinhui Peng
- Department of Geriatrics, Taizhou Peoples Hospital, Taizhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huilian Hua
- Department of Pharmacy, Taizhou Peoples Hospital, Taizhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qing Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, Taizhou Peoples Hospital, Taizhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Fangyong Lou
- Department of Orthopaedics, Taizhou Peoples Hospital, Taizhou, People’s Republic of China
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11
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Abstract
Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) is an important peptide hormone secreted by L-cells in the gastrointestinal tract in response to nutrients. It is produced by the differential cleavage of the proglucagon peptide. GLP-1 elicits a wide variety of physiological responses in many tissues that contribute to metabolic homeostasis. For these reasons, therapies designed to either increase endogenous GLP-1 levels or introduce exogenous peptide mimetics are now widely used in the management of diabetes. In addition to GLP-1 production from L-cells, recent reports suggest that pancreatic islet alpha cells may also synthesize and secrete GLP-1. Intra-islet GLP-1 may therefore play an unappreciated role in islet health and glucose regulation, suggesting a potential functional paracrine role for islet-derived GLP-1. In this review, we assess the current literature from an islet-centric point-of-view to better understand the production, degradation, and actions of GLP-1 within the endocrine pancreas in rodents and humans. The relevance of intra-islet GLP-1 in human physiology is discussed regarding the potential role of intra-islet GLP-1 in islet health and dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A. Campbell
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal Diabetes Research Centre CRCHUM, Montréal, Canada
| | - Janyne Johnson
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - Peter E. Light
- Alberta Diabetes Institute, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
- CONTACT Peter E. Light Alberta Diabetes Institute, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AlbertaT6G 2E1, Canada
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12
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He Y, Ao N, Yang J, Wang X, Jin S, Du J. The preventive effect of liraglutide on the lipotoxic liver injury via increasing autophagy. Ann Hepatol 2021; 19:44-52. [PMID: 31787541 DOI: 10.1016/j.aohep.2019.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES The incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is increasing. Previous studies indicated that Liraglutide, glucagon-like peptide-1 analogue, could regulate glucose homeostasis as a valuable treatment for Type 2 Diabetes. However, the precise effect of Liraglutide on NAFLD model in rats and the mechanism remains unknown. In this study, we investigated the molecular mechanism by which Liraglutide ameliorates hepatic steatosis in a high-fat diet (HFD)-induced rat model of NAFLD in vivo and in vitro. MATERIALS AND METHODS NALFD rat models and hepatocyte steatosis in HepG2 cells were induced by HFD and palmitate fatty acid treatment, respectively. AMPK inhibitor, Compound C was added in HepG2 cells. Autophagy-related proteins LC3, Beclin1 and Atg7, and AMPK pathway-associated proteins were evaluated by Western blot and RT-PCR. RESULTS Liraglutide enhanced autophagy as showed by the increased expression of the autophagy markers LC3, Beclin1 and Atg7 in HFD rats and HepG2 cells treated with palmitate fatty acid. In vitro, The AMPK inhibitor exhibited an inhibitory effect on Liraglutide-induced autophagy enhancement with the deceased expression of LC3, Beclin1 and Atg7. Additionally, Liraglutide treatment elevated AMPK levels and TSC1, decreased p-mTOR expression. CONCLUSIONS Liraglutide could upregulate autophagy to decrease lipid over-accumulation via the AMPK/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yini He
- Department of General Practice, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Na Ao
- Department of Endocrinology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiaochen Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Shi Jin
- Department of Endocrinology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jian Du
- Department of Endocrinology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China.
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Fu J, Nchambi KM, Wu H, Luo X, An X, Liu D. Liraglutide protects pancreatic β cells from endoplasmic reticulum stress by upregulating MANF to promote autophagy turnover. Life Sci 2020; 252:117648. [PMID: 32275937 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study was conducted to determine the relationship between mesencephalic astrocyte-derived neurotrophic factor (MANF), autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and whether liraglutide (LRG) can protect β cells, promote autophagy and alleviate ER stress by regulating MANF expression. MAIN METHODS Human serum samples were collected from healthy controls (NC), simple hyperlipidemia (HLD), and newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes (T2D). The MANF levels were detected using ELISA. In vitro, after the mouse islet MIN6 cells were treated with glucose (GLU), palmitate (PA), thapsigargin (TG), LRG, and chloroquine (CQ), cell proliferation was detected using cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8), apoptosis-related protein cleaved caspase 3 (C-cas-3), ER stress, and autophagy-related proteins were detected by Western blotting, MANF, insulin, and C-cas-3 proteins were detected via immunofluorescence. Subcellular structures and autophagosomes were examined using electron microscopy. KEY FINDINGS Compared with the NC group, the MANF levels in the HLD and T2D groups increased significantly. After ER stress induced by GLU, PA, and TG, cell viability decreased, while MANF, c-cas3, ERS, and autophagy-related proteins increased, which was related to the concentration of GLU, PA, and TG. Compared with the BSA group, the number of mitochondria and autophagosomes in the PA group increased and the mitochondria were damaged. In the PA and TG plus CQ groups, the effect was further exaggerated. But after co-treatment with LRG, the effects of GLU, PA, and TG were attenuated. SIGNIFICANCE LRG protects islet β cells from ER stress by upregulating MANF to promote autophagy turnover.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jili Fu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 76, Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Kija Malale Nchambi
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 76, Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Department of Hepatobiliary surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 76, Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Xie Luo
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 76, Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400010, China
| | - Xizhou An
- Department of Hematology, The Children Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400014, China
| | - Dongfang Liu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 76, Linjiang Road, Yuzhong District, Chongqing 400010, China.
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Lai D, Huang M, Zhao L, Tian Y, Li Y, Liu D, Wu Y, Deng F. Delphinidin-induced autophagy protects pancreatic β cells against apoptosis resulting from high-glucose stress via AMPK signaling pathway. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2019; 51:1242-1249. [PMID: 31781740 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmz126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemia, a diagnostic characteristic of diabetes mellitus, is detrimental to pancreatic β cells. Delphinidin, a member of the anthocyanin family, inhibits glucose absorption, increases glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secretion, and improves insulin secretion in diabetes. However, whether delphinidin plays a protective role in pancreatic β-cell mass and function is not clear. In this study, delphinidin was found to decrease the high-glucose-induced apoptosis of RIN-m5F pancreatic β cells. In addition, delphinidin induced autophagy in RIN-m5F cells under the normal and high-glucose conditions, while 3-methyladenine (3-MA) inhibition of autophagy significantly diminished the protective role of delphinidin against high-glucose-induced apoptosis of pancreatic β cells. Delphinidin also decreased the level of cleaved caspase 3 and increased the phosphorylation level of AMP-activated protein kinase α (AMPKα) Thr172. Compound C, an AMPK inhibitor, was found to decrease the ratio of LC3-II/LC3-I, and the apoptotic rate of high-glucose-injured cells was increased after treatment with delphinidin, indicating that delphinidin attenuated the negative effects of high-glucose stress to cells. In conclusion, our data demonstrate that delphinidin protects pancreatic β cells against high-glucose-induced injury by autophagy regulation via the AMPK signaling pathway. These findings might shed light on the underlying mechanisms of diabetes and help improve the prevention and therapy of this common disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dengni Lai
- Key Laboratory for Food Science and Biotechnology of Hunan Province, College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Mingyong Huang
- Tianxiang Biotechnology Co., Ltd of Hunan, Shaoyang 422000, China
| | - Lingyan Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Food Science and Biotechnology of Hunan Province, College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yan Tian
- Key Laboratory for Food Science and Biotechnology of Hunan Province, College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yong Li
- Key Laboratory for Food Science and Biotechnology of Hunan Province, College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Dongpo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Subhealth Intervention Technology, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yanyang Wu
- Key Laboratory for Food Science and Biotechnology of Hunan Province, College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Fangming Deng
- Key Laboratory for Food Science and Biotechnology of Hunan Province, College of Food Science and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
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Joksić G, Tričković JF, Joksić I. Potential of Gentiana lutea for the Treatment of Obesity-associated Diseases. Curr Pharm Des 2019; 25:2071-2076. [PMID: 31538881 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190708215743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity, diabetes, and associated diseases are increasing all over the world, and pose a great burden on public health. According to the latest reports, 440 million people are suffering from diabetes. Diabetes is caused by impaired ability to produce or respond to the hormone insulin consequently resulting in hyperglycemia. METHODS Data used for this review was obtained by using PUBMED/MEDLINE (1987-2018). The main data search terms were: Gentiana lutea, Gentiana lutea extract, Gentiana lutea constituents, obesity, diabetes mellitus, diabetic complications. RESULTS In the present review, we describe the potential of root powder of yellow gentian (Gentiana lutea) for the prevention of obesity and diabetes including complications related to this disease. CONCLUSION Reasonably effective, low-cost alternatives could fulfill an important role for a large part of the human population and could be of great value for the food market. Even a modest reduction of morbidity and mortality with respect to this disease translates into millions of lives saved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordana Joksić
- Vinca Institute of Nuclear Science, University of Belgrade, M.Petrovica Alasa 12-14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Filipović Tričković
- Vinca Institute of Nuclear Science, University of Belgrade, M.Petrovica Alasa 12-14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Joksić
- Vinca Institute of Nuclear Science, University of Belgrade, M.Petrovica Alasa 12-14, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia.,Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics Narodni Front, Kraljice Natalije 62, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
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Ashrafizadeh M, Yaribeygi H, Atkin SL, Sahebkar A. Effects of newly introduced antidiabetic drugs on autophagy. Diabetes Metab Syndr 2019; 13:2445-2449. [PMID: 31405658 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsx.2019.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder that has a complex molecular and cellular pathophysiology, resulting in its dynamic progression and that may show differing responses to therapy. The incidence of diabetes mellitus increases with age and requires additive therapeutic agents for its management. SGLT2i and DPP-4 inhibitors and GLP-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RA) are newly introduced antidiabetic drugs that work through differing mechanisms; DPP-4 inhibitors maintain the endogenous level of GLP1; GLP-1RA result in pharmacological levels of GLP1, whilst SGLT2i act on the proximal tubules of the kidney. They have shown efficacy in the management of diabetes and in contrast to other antidiabetic drugs, do not inherently cause hypoglycemia in therapeutic doses. Autophagy as a highly conserved mechanism to maintain cell survival and homeostasis by degradation of damaged or aged organelles and components, and recognised to be increasingly important in diabetes. In the present review, we discuss the modulatory effects of these newly introduced antidiabetic drugs on the autophagy process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Department of Basic Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Habib Yaribeygi
- Research Center of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran.
| | | | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Neurogenic Inflammation Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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Yang Y, Fang H, Xu G, Zhen Y, Zhang Y, Tian J, Zhang D, Zhang G, Xu J. Liraglutide improves cognitive impairment via the AMPK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways in type 2 diabetic rats. Mol Med Rep 2018; 18:2449-2457. [PMID: 29916537 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Liraglutide is a type of glucagon‑like‑peptide 1 receptor agonist, which has been reported as a novel type of antidiabetic agent with numerous benefits, including cardiovascular and neuroprotective effects. To the best of our knowledge, few studies to date have reported the potential mechanism underlying the neuroprotective effects of liraglutide on rats with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The present study aimed to investigate the neuroprotective actions of liraglutide in diabetic rats and to determine the mechanisms underlying these effects. A total of 30 male T2DM Goto‑Kakizaki (GK) rats (age, 32 weeks; weight, 300‑350 g) and 10 male Wistar rats (age, 32 weeks; weight, 300‑350 g) were used in the present study. Wistar rats received vehicle treatment, and GK rats randomly received treatment with vehicle, low dose of liraglutide (75 µg/kg) or high dose of liraglutide (200 µg/kg) for 28 days. Cognitive deficits were evaluated using the Morris water maze test. The expression levels of phosphoinositide 3‑kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (Akt), phosphorylated (p)‑Akt, AMP‑activated protein kinase (AMPK), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), Beclin‑1, microtubule‑associated protein light chain 3 (LC)‑3 II, caspase‑3, B‑cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl‑2)‑associated X protein and Bcl‑2 were assessed by western blot analysis. The results demonstrated that diabetic GK rats exhibited cognitive dysfunction, whereas treatment with liraglutide alleviated the learning and memory deficits, particularly in the high‑dose liraglutide group. The expression levels of Beclin‑1 and LC‑3 II were decreased in GK rats; however, this decrease was alleviated in the presence of liraglutide. Liraglutide also reversed T2DM model‑induced increases in mTOR, and decreases in p‑AMPK, PI3K and p‑Akt expression, and modulated the expression of apoptosis‑associated proteins. Furthermore, the administration of liraglutide inhibited apoptosis and exerted a protective effect against cognitive deficits via the activation of autophagy. In conclusion, the protective effects of liraglutide may be associated with increased mTOR expression via activation of the AMPK and PI3K/Akt signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, P.R. China
| | - Hui Fang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, P.R. China
| | - Gang Xu
- Department of Burns and Orthopedics, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Yanfeng Zhen
- Second Department of Endocrinology, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Yazhong Zhang
- Second Department of Endocrinology, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Jinli Tian
- Second Department of Endocrinology, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Dandan Zhang
- Second Department of Endocrinology, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Guyue Zhang
- Second Department of Endocrinology, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
| | - Jing Xu
- Second Department of Endocrinology, Tangshan Gongren Hospital, Tangshan, Hebei 063000, P.R. China
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