1
|
Electroacupuncture Enhances Neuroplasticity by Regulating the Orexin A-Mediated cAMP/PKA/CREB Signaling Pathway in Senescence-Accelerated Mouse Prone 8 (SAMP8) Mice. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:8694462. [PMID: 35154573 PMCID: PMC8837456 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8694462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Learning and memory disorders and decreased neuroplasticity are the main clinical manifestations of age-induced cognitive dysfunction. Orexin A (OxA) has been reported to show abnormally elevated expression in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and to be associated with cognitive impairment. Here, we further assessed whether the excitatory neurotransmitter OxA is involved in neuroplasticity and cognitive function in senescence-accelerated mouse prone 8 (SAMP8) mice. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of OxA by using behavioral tests, CSF microdialysis, immunofluorescence, toluidine blue staining, gene silencing, transmission electron microscopy, and Western blotting. The results showed that 10 Hz electroacupuncture (EA) effectively alleviated learning and memory impairment in 7-month-old SAMP8 mice, reduced OxA levels in the CSF, increased the level of the neurotransmitter glutamate, alleviated pathological damage to hippocampal tissue, improved the synaptic structure, enhanced synaptic transmission, and regulated the expression of cAMP/PKA/CREB signaling pathway-related proteins. These results suggest that EA enhances neuroplasticity in SAMP8 mice by regulating the OxA-mediated cAMP/PKA/CREB signaling pathway, thus improving cognitive function. These findings suggest that EA may be beneficial for the prevention and treatment of age-induced cognitive impairment.
Collapse
|
2
|
Erichsen JM, Calva CB, Reagan LP, Fadel JR. Intranasal insulin and orexins to treat age-related cognitive decline. Physiol Behav 2021; 234:113370. [PMID: 33621561 PMCID: PMC8053680 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The intranasal (IN) administration of neuropeptides, such as insulin and orexins, has been suggested as a treatment strategy for age-related cognitive decline (ARCD). Because dysfunctional neuropeptide signaling is an observed characteristic of ARCD, it has been suggested that IN delivery of insulin and/or orexins may restore endogenous peptide signaling and thereby preserve cognition. IN administration is particularly alluring as it is a relatively non-invasive method that directly targets peptides to the brain. Several laboratories have examined the behavioral effects of IN insulin in young, aged, and cognitively impaired rodents and humans. These studies demonstrated improved performance on various cognitive tasks following IN insulin administration. Fewer laboratories have assessed the effects of IN orexins; however, this peptide also holds promise as an effective treatment for ARCD through the activation of the cholinergic system and/or the reduction of neuroinflammation. Here, we provide a brief overview of the advantages of IN administration and the delivery pathway, then summarize the current literature on IN insulin and orexins. Additional preclinical studies will be useful to ultimately uncover the mechanisms underlying the pro-cognitive effects of IN insulin and orexins, whereas future clinical studies will aid in the determination of the most efficacious dose and dosing paradigm. Eventually, IN insulin and/or orexin administration may be a widely used treatment strategy in the clinic for ARCD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Erichsen
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, Columbia, SC 29208, United States.
| | - Coleman B Calva
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, Columbia, SC 29208, United States
| | - Lawrence P Reagan
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, Columbia, SC 29208, United States; Columbia VA Health Care System, Columbia, SC, 29208, United States
| | - Jim R Fadel
- University of South Carolina School of Medicine, Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Neuroscience, Columbia, SC 29208, United States
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Dunietz GL, Vanini G, Shannon C, O'Brien LM, Chervin RD. Associations of plasma hypocretin-1 with metabolic and reproductive health: Two systematic reviews of clinical studies. Sleep Med Rev 2020; 52:101307. [PMID: 32259696 PMCID: PMC7351596 DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2020.101307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The hypocretin system consists of two peptides hypocretin-1 and hypocretin-2 (HCRT1 and HCRT2). Hypocretin-containing neurons are located in the posterior and lateral hypothalamus, and have widespread projections throughout the brain and spinal cord. In addition to its presence in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), peripheral HCRT1 has been detected in plasma. Robust experimental evidence demonstrates functions of hypothalamic-originated HCRT1 in regulation of multiple biological systems related to sleep-wake states, energy homeostasis and endocrine function. In contrast, HCRT1 studies with human participants are limited by the necessarily invasive assessment of CSF HCRT1 to patients with underlying morbidity. Regulation by HCRT1 of energy homeostasis and reproduction in animals suggests similar regulation in humans and prompts these two systematic reviews. These reviews translate prior experimental findings from animal studies to humans and examine associations between HCRT1 and: 1) metabolic risk factors; 2) reproductive function in men, women and children. A total of 21 studies and six studies met the inclusion criteria for the two searches, respectively. Research question, study design, study population, assessments of HCRT1, reproductive, cardiometabolic data and main findings were extracted. Associations between HCRT1, metabolic and reproductive function are inconsistent. Limitations of studies and future research directions are outlined.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Galit L Dunietz
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Giancarlo Vanini
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Carol Shannon
- Taubman Health Sciences Library, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Louise M O'Brien
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA; Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Ronald D Chervin
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Department of Neurology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Bonanno L, Metro D, Papa M, Finzi G, Maviglia A, Sottile F, Corallo F, Manasseri L. Assessment of sleep and obesity in adults and children: Observational study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e17642. [PMID: 31725607 PMCID: PMC6867771 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000017642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The sleep allows many psychological processes, such as immune system activity, body metabolism and hormonal balance, emotional and mental health, learning, mnemonic processes. The lack of sleep could undermine mental and physical purposes, causing an alteration in cognitive functions or metabolic disorders. In our study, we have examined the irregular sleep effects with the overweight and obesity risk in children and adults.The sample was composed of 199 subjects, of which 71 adults, (29 males and 42 females), and 128 children (73 males and 55 females). We have measured the weight and height with standard techniques; we also have measured the body mass index dividing the weight in kg with the height square expressed in meters (kg/m). Subjects were divided into underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obese. Were administered some questionnaires to measure the quantity and quality of sleep, and eating habits and individual consumption of food.Analysis of demographic variables not showed significant differences between male and female groups but highlighted a significant trend differences in normal-weight score. The clinical condition has a substantial impact on body mass index score and sleep hours were significant predictor on this.Quantity and quality sleep can also represent a risk factor of overweight and obesity, so sufficient sleep is a factor that influence a normal weight. Adults and children that sleep less, have an increase in obesity and overweight risk with dysfunctional eating behaviors, decreased physical activity, and metabolic changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Daniela Metro
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging University of Messina
| | - Mattia Papa
- Food and Nutrition Hygiene Service (SIAN) ASP 5 – Provincial Health Authority 5
| | | | - Antonia Maviglia
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging University of Messina
| | | | | | - Luigi Manasseri
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging University of Messina
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Mäkelä KA, Karhu T, Jurado Acosta A, Vakkuri O, Leppäluoto J, Herzig KH. Plasma Orexin-A Levels Do Not Undergo Circadian Rhythm in Young Healthy Male Subjects. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2018; 9:710. [PMID: 30568633 PMCID: PMC6289979 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2018.00710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Orexin-A (OXA) has been originally isolated from a precursor peptide prepro-orexin from the lateral hypothalamus. The orexin system has been attributed to important functions in sleep, arousal and regulation of energy homeostasis. In addition to its high levels in cerebrospinal fluid, OXA is present in blood. However, reported peptide concentrations in plasma vary significantly depending on the method used. Therefore, a specific and sensitive OXA radioimmunoassay (RIA) with solid phase extraction method was developed to determine whether plasma OXA concentrations is affected by acute feeding and/or wake and sleep in young healthy males. Blood samples were collected for 24 h from nine healthy males (aged 20-24 years; BMI 20.7-26.5) every 2 h starting at 11 a.m. Food was served at 12 p.m, 5:30 p.m, 8 p.m and 8 a.m and the sleep time was between 10 p.m and 7 a.m. Plasma samples were analyzed in addition for cortisol and melatonin levels. Blood pressure was monitored through the experimental period. OXA antibody was raised in rabbits. OXA antiserum had only minor cross-reactivity with prepro-orexin precursor (<0.001%), amino-terminal peptide (<0.001%), carboxy-terminal peptide (0.001%), and orexin-B (0.3%) with high sensitivity (0.15 pg/tube). Plasma OXA levels varied between 0.5 and 16 pg/ml in seven subjects and were undetectable (below 0.5 pg/ml) in two subjects. The OXA concentrations did not correlate to feeding nor wake/sleep, whereas cortisol, melatonin and mean arterial blood pressure presented a clear circadian rhythm in each subject. In conclusion, OXA is present in blood in low amounts and its levels do not follow autonomic nor neuroendocrine circadian rhythms. Thereby, studies examining regulatory mechanisms and influences of OXA from blood samples should interpret results very cautiously.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kari A. Mäkelä
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Physiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- *Correspondence: Karl-Heinz Herzig
| | - Toni Karhu
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Physiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | | | - Olavi Vakkuri
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Physiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Juhani Leppäluoto
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Physiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Karl-Heinz Herzig
- Research Unit of Biomedicine, Physiology, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Oulu University Hospital and Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
- Kari A. Mäkelä
| |
Collapse
|