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Jing TX, Jiang SD, Tang XP, Guo PY, Wang L, Wang JJ, Wei DD. Overexpression of an Integument Esterase Gene LbEST-inte4 Infers the Malathion Detoxification in Liposcelis bostrychophila (Psocoptera: Liposcelididae). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:11221-11229. [PMID: 38703356 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c02436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Liposcelis bostrychophila, commonly known as booklouse, is an important stored-product pest worldwide. Studies have demonstrated that booklices have developed resistance to several insecticides. In this study, an integument esterase gene, LbEST-inte4, with upregulated expression, was characterized in L. bostrychophila. Knockdown of LbEST-inte4 resulted in a substantial increase in the booklice susceptibility to malathion. Overexpression of LbEST-inte4 in Drosophila melanogaster significantly enhanced its malathion tolerance. Molecular modeling and docking analysis suggested potential interactions between LbEST-inte4 and malathion. When overexpressed LbEST-inte4 in Sf9 cells, a notable elevation in esterase activity and malathion tolerance was observed. HPLC analysis indicated that the LbEST-inte4 enzyme could effectively degrade malathion. Taken together, the upregulated LbEST-inte4 appears to contribute to malathion tolerance in L. bostrychophila by facilitating the depletion of malathion. This study elucidates the molecular mechanism underlying malathion detoxification and provides the foundations for the development of effective prevention and control measures against psocids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Xing Jing
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- College of Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Shi-Die Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Xin-Ping Tang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Peng-Yu Guo
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Jin-Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
| | - Dan-Dan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Entomology and Pest Control Engineering, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biosafety and Green Production of Upper Yangtze River (Ministry of Education), Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400716, China
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Zhou T, Wu W, Ma S, Chen J, Huang J, Qiao X. Effects of RDL GABA Receptor Point Mutants on Susceptibility to Meta-Diamide and Isoxazoline Insecticides in Drosophila melanogaster. INSECTS 2024; 15:334. [PMID: 38786890 PMCID: PMC11122182 DOI: 10.3390/insects15050334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
Ionotropic γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptors in insects, specifically those composed of the RDL (resistant to dieldrin) subunit, serve as important targets for commonly used synthetic insecticides. These insecticides belong to various chemical classes, such as phenylpyrazoles, cyclodienes, meta-diamides, and isoxazolines, with the latter two potentially binding to the transmembrane inter-subunit pocket. However, the specific amino acid residues that contribute to the high sensitivity of insect RDL receptors to these novel insecticides remain elusive. In this study, we investigated the susceptibility of seven distinct Drosophila melanogaster Rdl point mutants against four meta-diamide and isoxazoline insecticides: isocycloseram, fluxametamide, fluralaner, and broflanilide. Our findings indicate that, despite exhibiting increased sensitivity to fluralaner in vitro, the RdlI276C mutant showed resistance to isocycloseram and fluxametamide. Similarly, the double-points mutant RdlI276F+G279S also showed decreased sensitivity to the tested isoxazolines. On the other hand, the RdlG335M mutant displayed high levels of resistance to all tested insecticides. Molecular modeling and docking simulations further supported these findings, highlighting similar binding poses for these insecticides. In summary, our research provides robust in vivo evidence supporting the idea that the inter-subunit amino acids within transmembrane M1 and M3 domains form the binding site crucial for meta-diamide and isoxazoline insecticide interactions. This study highlights the complex interplay between mutations and insecticide susceptibility, paving the way for more targeted pest control strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianhao Zhou
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (T.Z.); (W.W.); (S.M.); (J.H.)
| | - Weiping Wu
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (T.Z.); (W.W.); (S.M.); (J.H.)
| | - Suhan Ma
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (T.Z.); (W.W.); (S.M.); (J.H.)
| | - Jie Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Green Pesticide, National Joint Engineering Laboratory of Biopesticide Preparation, Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, College of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China;
| | - Jia Huang
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (T.Z.); (W.W.); (S.M.); (J.H.)
| | - Xiaomu Qiao
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; (T.Z.); (W.W.); (S.M.); (J.H.)
- Xianghu Laboratory, Hangzhou 311231, China
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Meena S, Sethi M, Saini S, Kumar K, Saini P, Meena S, Kashyap S, Yadav M, Meena ML, Dandia A, Nirmal NK, Parewa V. Molecular surface-dependent light harvesting and photo charge separation in plant-derived carbon quantum dots for visible-light-driven OH radical generation for remediation of aromatic hydrocarbon pollutants and real wastewater. J Colloid Interface Sci 2024; 660:756-770. [PMID: 38271811 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2024.01.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
Despite the growing emphasis on eco-friendly nanomaterials as energy harvesters, scientists are actively searching for metal-free photocatalysts to be used in environmental remediation strategies. Developing renewable resource-based carbon quantum dots (CQDs) as the sole photocatalyst to harvest visible light for efficient pollutant degradation is crucial yet challenging, particularly for addressing the escalating issue of water deterioration. Moreover, the photocatalytic decomposition of H2O2 under visible light irradiation remains an arduous task. Based on this, we designed two types of CQDs, C-CQDs (carboxylic-rich) and A-CQDs (amine-rich) with distinct molecular surfaces. Owing to the higher amount of upward band bending induced by amine-rich molecular surface, A-CQDs efficiently harvest the visible light and prevent recombination kinetics resulting in prolonged lifetimes (25 ps), and augmented charge carrier density (35.7 × 1018) of photoexcited charge carriers. A-CQDs enabled rapid visible-light-driven photolysis of H2O2 (k = 0.058 min-1) and produced higher quantity of •OH radicals (0.158 μmol/sec) for the mineralization of petroleum waste, BETX (i.e. Benzene, Ethylbenzene, Toluene and Xylene) (k = 0.017-0.026 min-1) and real textile wastewater (k = 0.026 min-1). To assess comparative toxicities of both remediated and non-remediated real wastewater samples in a time and dose depended manner, Drosophila melanogaster was used as a model organism. The findings unequivocally demonstrate the potential of remediated wastewater for watering urban forestry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savita Meena
- Centre of Advanced Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
| | - Mukul Sethi
- Centre of Advanced Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
| | - Surendra Saini
- Centre of Advanced Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
| | - Krishan Kumar
- Centre of Advanced Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
| | - Pratibha Saini
- Centre of Advanced Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India; Friedrich Schiller Univ Jena, Inst Anorgan & Analyt Chem, Humboldt Str 8, D-07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Swati Meena
- Centre of Advanced Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
| | - Sunidhi Kashyap
- Centre for Advanced Studies, Department of Zoology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
| | - Monika Yadav
- Centre for Advanced Studies, Department of Zoology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
| | - Mohan Lal Meena
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Institute of Technology Karnataka, Surathkal, Mangaluru 575025, India
| | - Anshu Dandia
- Centre of Advanced Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
| | - Naresh Kumar Nirmal
- Centre for Advanced Studies, Department of Zoology, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India
| | - Vijay Parewa
- Centre of Advanced Studies, Department of Chemistry, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur, India.
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Gomez A, Gonzalez S, Oke A, Luo J, Duong JB, Esquerra RM, Zimmerman T, Capponi S, Fung JC, Nystul TG. A high-throughput method for quantifying Drosophila fecundity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.27.587093. [PMID: 38585877 PMCID: PMC10996622 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.27.587093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Measurements of Drosophila fecundity are used in a wide variety of studies, such as investigations of stem cell biology, nutrition, behavior, and toxicology. In addition, because fecundity assays are performed on live flies, they are suitable for longitudinal studies such as investigations of aging or prolonged chemical exposure. However, standard Drosophila fecundity assays have been difficult to perform in a high-throughput manner because experimental factors such as the physiological state of the flies and environmental cues must be carefully controlled to achieve consistent results. In addition, exposing flies to a large number of different experimental conditions (such as chemical additives in the diet) and manually counting the number of eggs laid to determine the impact on fecundity is time-consuming. We have overcome these challenges by combining a new multiwell fly culture strategy with a novel 3D-printed fly transfer device to rapidly and accurately transfer flies from one plate to another; the RoboCam, a low-cost, custom built robotic camera to capture images of the wells automatically; and an image segmentation pipeline to automatically identify and quantify eggs. We show that this method is compatible with robust and consistent egg laying throughout the assay period; and demonstrate that the automated pipeline for quantifying fecundity is very accurate (r2 = 0.98 for the correlation between the automated egg counts and the ground truth) In addition, we show that this method can be used to efficiently detect the effects on fecundity induced by dietary exposure to chemicals. Taken together, this strategy substantially increases the efficiency and reproducibility of high throughput egg laying assays that require exposing flies to multiple different media conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreana Gomez
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Anatomy
| | - Sergio Gonzalez
- San Francisco State University, Department of Biology
- Center for Cellular Construction, San Francisco, CA
| | - Ashwini Oke
- San Francisco State University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of California, San Francisco, OB/GYN Department
- IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, CA; University of California, San Francisco, Center for Reproductive Sciences
| | - Jiayu Luo
- San Francisco State University, Department of Biology
- Center for Cellular Construction, San Francisco, CA
| | - Johnny B Duong
- Center for Cellular Construction, San Francisco, CA
- San Francisco State University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of California, San Francisco, OB/GYN Department
| | - Raymond M Esquerra
- Center for Cellular Construction, San Francisco, CA
- San Francisco State University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of California, San Francisco, OB/GYN Department
| | - Thomas Zimmerman
- Center for Cellular Construction, San Francisco, CA
- IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, CA; University of California, San Francisco, Center for Reproductive Sciences
| | - Sara Capponi
- Center for Cellular Construction, San Francisco, CA
- IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, CA; University of California, San Francisco, Center for Reproductive Sciences
| | - Jennifer C Fung
- San Francisco State University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of California, San Francisco, OB/GYN Department
- IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, CA; University of California, San Francisco, Center for Reproductive Sciences
- University of California, San Francisco EaRTH Center
| | - Todd G Nystul
- University of California, San Francisco, Department of Anatomy
- San Francisco State University, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry; University of California, San Francisco, OB/GYN Department
- IBM Almaden Research Center, San Jose, CA; University of California, San Francisco, Center for Reproductive Sciences
- University of California, San Francisco EaRTH Center
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Liu X, Gao L, Li X, Liu Y, Lou X, Yang M, Wu W, Liu X. DEHP and DINP accelerate aging effects in male and female of Drosophila melanogaster depend on AKT/FOXO pathway. Toxicol In Vitro 2024; 95:105742. [PMID: 38016509 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2023.105742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Phthalates are commonly used as plasticizers. Numerous studies have focused on endocrine, reproductive, and developmental toxicity of phthalates exposure to male organisms. In recent years, some studies looking into the aging effects of phthalates exposure in D. melanogaster showed discrepant results. In this study, we compared the different concentrations of Di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and di-isononyl phthalate (DINP) for acute and chronic treatment for different gender D. melanogaster and explored the potential mechanism of DEHP and DINP exposure. The results showed that acute exposure to DEHP or DINP at a high dose significantly decreased the lifespan of female and male D. melanogaster under HFD stress. Chronic exposure significantly decreased the lifespan of flies in all exposure groups except for the low-dose DINP exposure female group. Among them, in the normal feeding group, we found that female flies seemed to be more resistant to DEHP or DINP exposure. Meanwhile, the locomotion ability and fertility of flies exhibited a dose-dependent decline. Furthermore, phthalates did not significantly reduce the lifespan or health status of akt and foxo mutant flies in the mutant fly assays, and real-time quantitative-PCR (q-PCR) data revealed akt and foxo significant change with 10 μM DEHP or DINP treatment. This suggests that akt and foxo played a role in the process by which DEHP and DINP caused age-related declines in D. melanogaster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xudong Liu
- Department of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Synthetic Biology Engineering Lab of Henan Province, School of Life Science and Technology, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China
| | - Lulu Gao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China
| | - Xian Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China
| | - Xiaofan Lou
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China
| | - Mingsheng Yang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou 466001, Henan, China
| | - Weidong Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China
| | - Xiaomeng Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, College of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China; Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Life Science and Agronomy, Zhoukou Normal University, Zhoukou 466001, Henan, China.
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6
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Martelli F, Ravenscroft TA, Hutchison W, Batterham P. Tissue-specific transcriptome analyses in Drosophila provide novel insights into the mode of action of the insecticide spinosad and the function of its target, nAChRα6. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:3913-3925. [PMID: 37248207 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The insecticides spinosad and imidacloprid are neurotoxins with distinct modes of action. Both target nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs), albeit different subunits. Spinosad is an allosteric modulator, that upon binding initiates endocytosis of its target, nAChRα6. Imidacloprid binding triggers excessive neuronal ion influx. Despite these differences, low-dose effects converge downstream in the precipitation of oxidative stress and neurodegeneration. RESULTS Using RNA-sequencing, we compared the transcriptional signatures of spinosad and imidacloprid, at low-dose exposures. Both insecticides cause up-regulation of glutathione S-transferase and cytochrome P450 genes in the brain and down-regulation in the fat body, whereas reduced expression of immune-related genes is observed in both tissues. Spinosad shows unique impacts on genes involved in lysosomal function, protein folding, and reproduction. Co-expression analyses revealed little to no correlation between genes affected by spinosad and nAChRα6 expressing neurons, but a positive correlation with glial cell markers. We also detected and experimentally confirmed nAChRα6 expression in fat body cells and male germline cells. This led us to uncover lysosomal dysfunction in the fat body following spinosad exposure, and a fitness cost in spinosad-resistant (nAChRα6 null) males - oxidative stress in testes, and reduced fertility. CONCLUSION Spinosad and imidacloprid share transcriptional perturbations in immunity-, energy homeostasis-, and oxidative stress-related genes. Low doses of other neurotoxic insecticides should be investigated for similar impacts. While target-site spinosad resistance mutation has evolved in the field, this may have a fitness cost. Our findings demonstrate the power of tissue-specific transcriptomics approach and the use of single-cell transcriptome data. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Martelli
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - William Hutchison
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Philip Batterham
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Ozoe Y, Matsubara Y, Tanaka Y, Yoshioka Y, Ozoe F, Shiotsuki T, Nomura K, Nakao T, Banba S. Controlled expression of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor-encoding genes in insects uncovers distinct mechanisms of action of the neonicotinoid insecticide dinotefuran. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 191:105378. [PMID: 36963946 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Dinotefuran, a neonicotinoid, is a unique insecticide owing to its structure and action. We took two approaches that employed insects with controlled expression of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR)-encoding genes to gain insight into the uniqueness of dinotefuran. First, we examined the insecticidal activity of dinotefuran and imidacloprid against brown planthoppers (Nilaparvata lugens), in which the expression of eight (of 13) individual subunit-encoding genes was specifically reduced using RNA interference. Knockdown of the tested gene, except one, resulted in a decrease in sensitivity to imidacloprid, whereas the sensitivity of N. lugens to dinotefuran decreased only when two of the eight genes were knocked down. These findings imply that a major dinotefuran-targeted nAChR subtype may contain specific subunits although imidacloprid acts on a broad range of receptor subtypes. Next, we examined the effects of knockout of Drosophila α1 subunit-encoding gene (Dα1) on the insecticidal effects of dinotefuran and imidacloprid. Dα1-deficient flies (Dα1KO) demonstrated the same sensitivity to dinotefuran as control flies, but a decreased sensitivity to imidacloprid. This difference was attributed to a reduction in imidacloprid-binding sites in Dα1KO flies, whereas the binding of dinotefuran remained unchanged. RNA sequencing analysis indicated that Dα2 expression was specifically enhanced in Dα1KO flies. These findings suggest that changes in Dα1 and Dα2 expression contribute to the differences in the insecticidal activity of dinotefuran and imidacloprid in Dα1KO flies. Overall, our findings suggest that dinotefuran acts on distinct nAChR subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihisa Ozoe
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shimane University, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan; Interdisciplinary Institute for Science Research, Organization for Research and Academic Information, Shimane University, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan.
| | - Yoshiki Matsubara
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shimane University, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan
| | - Yuji Tanaka
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shimane University, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan
| | - Yasuhide Yoshioka
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shimane University, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan
| | - Fumiyo Ozoe
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shimane University, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan; Interdisciplinary Institute for Science Research, Organization for Research and Academic Information, Shimane University, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan
| | - Takahiro Shiotsuki
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, Shimane University, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan
| | - Kazuki Nomura
- Agrochemicals Research Center, Mitsui Chemicals Agro, Inc., Mobara, Chiba 297-0017, Japan
| | - Toshifumi Nakao
- Agrochemicals Research Center, Mitsui Chemicals Agro, Inc., Mobara, Chiba 297-0017, Japan
| | - Shinichi Banba
- Agrochemicals Research Center, Mitsui Chemicals Agro, Inc., Mobara, Chiba 297-0017, Japan
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Chen Z, Wang F, Zhang W, Zhou S, Wen D, Mu R. Chronic exposure to zearalenone induces intestinal inflammation and oxidative injury in adult Drosophila melanogaster midgut. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 251:114555. [PMID: 36680988 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In the past decade, mycotoxin zearalenone (ZEN)-induced gastrointestinal adverse effects have been increasingly attracting worldwide attention. This study aimed to determine the gastrointestinal adverse effects of ZEN in Drosophila melanogaster (D. melanogaster) and reveal possible mechanisms of action of ZEN in insects. Here, chronic exposure of D. melanogaster to ZEN killed flies in a dose-dependent manner (2-20 µM). ZEN (20 µM) decreased the survival rates and climbing ability of flies, and activated immune deficiency-mediated intestinal immunity in midgut, leading to the production of antimicrobial peptides. Meanwhile, ZEN exposure induced morphological alteration of adult midgut. Further study suggested that high levels of oxidative stress was observed in ZEN-treated midgut due to the imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species and the expression and activities of cellular antioxidant enzyme, including superoxide dismutase and catalase. ZEN-induced oxidative stress then caused cell death, impaired gut barrier function and increased gut permeability, leading to oxidative injury in midgut. Subsequently, ZEN-induce midgut injury further disrupted intestinal stem cell (ISC) homeostasis, stimulating ISC proliferation and tissue regeneration, but did not alter cell fate specification of ISC. Additionally, activation of Jun N-terminal kinase pathway was involved in ZEN-induced oxidative injury and tissue regeneration in midgut. Antioxidant vitamin E alleviated ZEN-induced oxidative injury to midgut epithelium. Collectively, this study provided additional evidences for ZEN-induced gastrointestinal adverse effects from an invertebrate model, extended our understanding of the mechanisms mediating mycotoxin toxicity in organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Chen
- College of Biological Science and Agriculture, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyun 558000, China.
| | - Fen Wang
- College of Biological Science and Agriculture, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyun 558000, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- College of Biological Science and Agriculture, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyun 558000, China
| | - Shuangshuang Zhou
- College of Biological Science and Agriculture, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyun 558000, China
| | - Di Wen
- College of Biological Science and Agriculture, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyun 558000, China.
| | - Ren Mu
- College of Biological Science and Agriculture, Qiannan Normal University for Nationalities, Duyun 558000, China.
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He X, Lu L, Huang P, Yu B, Peng L, Zou L, Ren Y. Insect Cell-Based Models: Cell Line Establishment and Application in Insecticide Screening and Toxicology Research. INSECTS 2023; 14:104. [PMID: 36835673 PMCID: PMC9965340 DOI: 10.3390/insects14020104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
During the past decades, research on insect cell culture has grown tremendously. Thousands of lines have been established from different species of insect orders, originating from several tissue sources. These cell lines have often been employed in insect science research. In particular, they have played important roles in pest management, where they have been used as tools to evaluate the activity and explore the toxic mechanisms of insecticide candidate compounds. This review intends to first briefly summarize the progression of insect cell line establishment. Then, several recent studies based on insect cell lines coupled with advanced technologies are introduced. These investigations revealed that insect cell lines can be exploited as novel models with unique advantages such as increased efficiency and reduced cost compared with traditional insecticide research. Most notably, the insect cell line-based models provide a global and in-depth perspective to study the toxicology mechanisms of insecticides. However, challenges and limitations still exist, especially in the connection between in vitro activity and in vivo effectiveness. Despite all this, recent advances have suggested that insect cell line-based models promote the progress and sensible application of insecticides, which benefits pest management.
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Bittencourt KC, Souza RRDE. Insecticidal activity of the organotellurium 2-Phenylethynyl-Butyltellurium on the Drosophila melanogaster model. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2023; 95:e20211486. [PMID: 36946808 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202320211486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
2-Phenylethynyl-Butyltellurium (PEBT) is a synthetic organotellurium compound that has shown various pharmacological properties on mammals without any signs of toxicity, but its effects on insects have not been reported before. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess whether acute exposure to PEBT would promote an insecticidal effect against Drosophila melanogaster. The flies were exposed to three concentrations of PEBT (0.325 µmol L-1, 1.300 µmol L-1, and 5.200 µmol L-1) and a control solution (vehicle), using 450 flies per treatment (three repetitions of 150 flies), for 48 hours. Negative geotaxis and open field tests were performed (in vivo) after 24 and 48h, and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was assessed (ex vivo) after 48h. Also, the mortality rate, 50% Lethal Concentration (LC50), 80% Lethal Concentration (LC80), and 95% Lethal Concentration (LC95) were calculated. Our results show that PEBT presented insecticidal activity against Drosophila melanogaster at all tested concentrations, which caused locomotor impairment and increased acetylcholinesterase activity in the flies' heads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Chertok Bittencourt
- Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Department of Agronomic and Environmental Sciences, Linha 7 de Setembro, s/n, BR 386, Km 40, 98400-000 Frederico Westphalen, RS, Brazil
| | - Rafael Rodrigues DE Souza
- Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), Department of Plant Science, Avenida Roraima, 1000, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
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11
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Adamo S. The Integrated Defense System: Optimizing Defense against Predators, Pathogens, and Poisons. Integr Comp Biol 2022; 62:1536-1546. [PMID: 35511215 DOI: 10.1093/icb/icac024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Insects, like other animals, have evolved defense responses to protect against predators, pathogens, and poisons (i.e., toxins). This paper provides evidence that these three defense responses (i.e., fight-or-flight, immune, and detoxification responses) function together as part of an Integrated Defense System (IDS) in insects. The defense responses against predators, pathogens, and poisons are deeply intertwined. They share organs, resources, and signaling molecules. By connecting defense responses into an IDS, animals gain flexibility, and resilience. Resources can be redirected across fight-or-flight, immune, and detoxification defenses to optimize an individual's response to the current challenges facing it. At the same time, the IDS reconfigures defense responses that are losing access to resources, allowing them to maintain as much function as possible despite decreased resource availability. An IDS perspective provides an adaptive explanation for paradoxical phenomena such as stress-induced immunosuppression, and the observation that exposure to a single challenge typically leads to an increase in the expression of genes for all three defense responses. Further exploration of the IDS will require more studies examining how defense responses to a range of stressors are interconnected in a variety of species. Such studies should target pollinators and agricultural pests. These studies will be critical for predicting how insects will respond to multiple stressors, such as simultaneous anthropogenic threats, for example, climate change and pesticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelley Adamo
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada
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12
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Macdonald SJ, Long AD. Discovery of malathion resistance QTL in Drosophila melanogaster using a bulked phenotyping approach. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2022; 12:jkac279. [PMID: 36250804 PMCID: PMC9713458 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkac279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Drosophila melanogaster has proved an effective system with which to understand the evolutionary genetics and molecular mechanisms of insecticide resistance. Insecticide use has left signatures of selection in the fly genome, and both functional and quantitative genetic studies in the system have identified genes and variants associated with resistance. Here, we use D. melanogaster and leverage a bulk phenotyping and pooled sequencing "extreme quantitative trait loci" approach to genetically dissect variation in resistance to malathion, an organophosphate insecticide. We resolve 2 quantitative trait loci, one of which implicates allelic variation at the cytochrome P450 gene Cyp6g1, a strong candidate based on previous work. The second shows no overlap with hits from a previous genome-wide association study for malathion resistance, recapitulating other studies showing that different strategies for complex trait dissection in flies can yield apparently different architectures. Notably, we see no genetic signal at the Ace gene. Ace encodes the target of organophosphate insecticide inhibition, and genome-wide association studies have identified strong Ace-linked associations with resistance in flies. The absence of quantitative trait locus implicating Ace here is most likely because our mapping population does not segregate for several of the known functional polymorphisms impacting resistance at Ace, perhaps because our population is derived from flies collected prior to the widespread use of organophosphate insecticides. Our fundamental approach can be an efficient, powerful strategy to dissect genetic variation in resistance traits. Nonetheless, studies seeking to interrogate contemporary insecticide resistance variation may benefit from deriving mapping populations from more recently collected strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart J Macdonald
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66046, USA
- Center for Computational Biology, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
| | - Anthony D Long
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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13
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Dang TT, Huang YH, Ott S, Harvey PJ, Gilding EK, Tombling BJ, Chan LY, Kaas Q, Claridge-Chang A, Craik DJ. The acyclotide ribe 31 from Rinorea bengalensis has selective cytotoxicity and potent insecticidal properties in Drosophila. J Biol Chem 2022; 298:102413. [PMID: 36007611 PMCID: PMC9513267 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.102413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclotides and acyclic versions of cyclotides (acyclotides) are peptides involved in plant defense. These peptides contain a cystine knot motif formed by three interlocked disulfide bonds, with the main difference between the two classes being the presence or absence of a cyclic backbone, respectively. The insecticidal activity of cyclotides is well documented, but no study to date explores the insecticidal activity of acyclotides. Here, we present the first in vivo evaluation of the insecticidal activity of acyclotides from Rinorea bengalensis on the vinegar fly Drosophila melanogaster. Of a group of structurally comparable acyclotides, ribe 31 showed the most potent toxicity when fed to D. melanogaster. We screened a range of acyclotides and cyclotides and found their toxicity toward human red blood cells was substantially lower than toward insect cells, highlighting their selectivity and potential for use as bioinsecticides. Our confocal microscopy experiments indicated their cytotoxicity is likely mediated via membrane disruption. Furthermore, our surface plasmon resonance studies suggested ribe 31 preferentially binds to membranes containing phospholipids with phosphatidyl-ethanolamine headgroups. Despite having an acyclic backbone, we determined the three-dimensional NMR solution structure of ribe 31 is similar to that of cyclotides. In summary, our results suggest that, with further optimization, ribe 31 could have applications as an insecticide due to its potent in vivo activity against D. melanogaster. More broadly, this work advances the field by demonstrating that acyclotides are more common than previously thought, have potent insecticidal activity, and have the advantage of potentially being more easily manufactured than cyclotides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tien T Dang
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Yen-Hua Huang
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Stanislav Ott
- Program in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857
| | - Peta J Harvey
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Edward K Gilding
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Benjamin J Tombling
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Lai Y Chan
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Quentin Kaas
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia
| | - Adam Claridge-Chang
- Program in Neuroscience and Behavioral Disorders, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857; Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Singapore, 138673; Department of Physiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117593
| | - David J Craik
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia.
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14
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Luong HNB, Kalogeridi M, Vontas J, Denecke S. Using tissue specific P450 expression in Drosophila melanogaster larvae to understand the spatial distribution of pesticide metabolism in feeding assays. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 31:369-376. [PMID: 35118729 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Drug metabolizing enzymes such as cytochrome P450s have often been implicated in influencing levels of pesticide toxicology and resistance. Consequently, a variety of different P450 genes and variants have been linked to pesticide metabolism. Substantially less is known in regards to which tissues these P450s contribute to pesticide metabolism. Here, we isolate the effect of different tissues in pesticide toxicology by driving the model P450 Cyp6g1 in specific tissues of Drosophila melanogaster. Fluorescent and luminescent assays were used to compare the strength of GAL4 lines specific to the midgut (Mex-GAL4), Malpighian tubules (UO-GAL4) and the fat body (LSP2-GAL4) with the widely used HR-GAL4 line which drives GAL4 expression in all three tissues simultaneously. These data suggested that GAL4 drivers specific for the midgut and fat body were of approximately equal strength to the HR-GAL4 line, while the Malpighian tubule specific line was significantly weaker. Multiple toxicology assays using the pesticides bendiocarb, imidacloprid and malathion were then performed to assess which tissues provide the most chemoprotection. In the long-term feeding assay, transgenic expression of Cyp6g1 specifically in the midgut accounted for the majority of the resistance caused by Cyp6g1 overexpression with the HR-GAL4 driver. Real-time toxicology assays on third instar larvae were also performed and showed variable contributions of tissues to acute toxicology response depending on which pesticide was used. These data suggest a strong influence of bioassay parameters such as life stage and dosing method on outcome but suggest a prominent role for the midgut in larval toxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Ngoc Bao Luong
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation for Research & Technology Hellas, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Maria Kalogeridi
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation for Research & Technology Hellas, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - John Vontas
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation for Research & Technology Hellas, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Laboratory of Pesticide Science, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Shane Denecke
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation for Research & Technology Hellas, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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15
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Denecke S, Bảo Lương HN, Koidou V, Kalogeridi M, Socratous R, Howe S, Vogelsang K, Nauen R, Batterham P, Geibel S, Vontas J. Characterization of a novel pesticide transporter and P-glycoprotein orthologues in Drosophila melanogaster. Proc Biol Sci 2022; 289:20220625. [PMID: 35582794 PMCID: PMC9114944 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2022.0625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pesticides remain one of the most effective ways of controlling agricultural and public health insects, but much is still unknown regarding how these compounds reach their targets. Specifically, the role of ABC transporters in pesticide absorption and excretion is poorly understood, especially compared to the detailed knowledge about mammalian systems. Here, we present a comprehensive characterization of pesticide transporters in the model insect Drosophila melanogaster. An RNAi screen was performed, which knocked down individual ABCs in specific epithelial tissues and examined the subsequent changes in sensitivity to the pesticides spinosad and fipronil. This implicated a novel ABC drug transporter, CG4562, in spinosad transport, but also highlighted the P-glycoprotein orthologue Mdr65 as the most impactful ABC in terms of chemoprotection. Further characterization of the P-glycoprotein family was performed via transgenic overexpression and immunolocalization, finding that Mdr49 and Mdr50 play enigmatic roles in pesticide toxicology perhaps determined by their different subcellular localizations within the midgut. Lastly, transgenic Drosophila lines expressing P-glycoprotein from the major malaria vector Anopheles gambiae were used to establish a system for in vivo characterization of this transporter in non-model insects. This study provides the basis for establishing Drosophila as a model for toxicology research on drug transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shane Denecke
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, 100N. Plastira Street, 700 13 Heraklion Crete, Greece
| | - Hằng Ngọc Bảo Lương
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, 100N. Plastira Street, 700 13 Heraklion Crete, Greece
| | - Venetia Koidou
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, 100N. Plastira Street, 700 13 Heraklion Crete, Greece,Department of Biology, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, 71409 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Maria Kalogeridi
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, 71409 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Rafaella Socratous
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, 71409 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Steven Howe
- School of BioSciences, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Kathrin Vogelsang
- Bayer AG, CropScience Division, R&D Pest Control, D-40789 Monheim, Germany
| | - Ralf Nauen
- Bayer AG, CropScience Division, R&D Pest Control, D-40789 Monheim, Germany
| | - Philip Batterham
- School of BioSciences, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Sven Geibel
- Bayer AG, CropScience Division, R&D Pest Control, D-40789 Monheim, Germany
| | - John Vontas
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, 100N. Plastira Street, 700 13 Heraklion Crete, Greece,Laboratory of Pesticide Science, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Greece
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16
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Men TT, Phien HH, Tu Ai TT, Van Ay N, Kim Hue NT, Khang DT, Binh TD. The insecticidal capacity of ethanol extract from Cascabela peruviana (L.) Lippold against fruit fly. Heliyon 2022; 8:e09313. [PMID: 35497027 PMCID: PMC9039844 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e09313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Cascabela peruviana (L.) Lippold (C. peruviana) has been extensively used for its antifungal and antibacterial properties. However, its role in anti-insect is still under investigation. To investigate the ability of the ethanol extract of C. peruviana against insects, we used the fruit fly (Drosophila melanogaster) as a model to gain more insight into the toxic effects of this extract. We found that the ethanol extract from the stem and leaves of C. peruviana was effective against insects and contained polyphenol and flavonoid compounds. C. peruviana could induce mortality of 2nd-instar larvae and reduce growth and reproduction of fruit flies. Interestingly, the toxicity of C. peruviana extract has been remained to affect the development of the next generation of fruit flies. The locomotor activity and feeding ability of the F1 generation of this insect were significantly reduced by C. peruviana. In addition, flavonoids and polyphenols, as well as saponins and tannins were detected in the ethanol extract of C. peruviana. We assume that the ability of the extract of C. peruviana to control insects may be related to the presence of high levels of these compounds. The findings highlighted that the extract from the leaves of Cascabela peruviana has the potential to be used as an insecticide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tran Thanh Men
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Can Tho University, Cantho City 900000, Viet Nam
| | - Huynh Hong Phien
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Can Tho University, Cantho City 900000, Viet Nam
| | - Tran Thi Tu Ai
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Can Tho University, Cantho City 900000, Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen Van Ay
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Agriculture, Can Tho University, Cantho City, 94000, Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen Thi Kim Hue
- Department of Biology, College of Natural Sciences, Can Tho University, Cantho City 900000, Viet Nam
| | - Do Tan Khang
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Biotechnology Research and Development Institute, Can Tho University, Cantho City, 94000, Viet Nam
| | - Tran Duy Binh
- Department of Functional Chemistry, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
- Corresponding author.
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17
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Martelli F, Hernandes NH, Zuo Z, Wang J, Wong CO, Karagas NE, Roessner U, Rupasinghe T, Robin C, Venkatachalam K, Perry T, Batterham P, Bellen HJ. Low doses of the organic insecticide spinosad trigger lysosomal defects, elevated ROS, lipid dysregulation, and neurodegeneration in flies. eLife 2022; 11:73812. [PMID: 35191376 PMCID: PMC8863376 DOI: 10.7554/elife.73812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Large-scale insecticide application is a primary weapon in the control of insect pests in agriculture. However, a growing body of evidence indicates that it is contributing to the global decline in population sizes of many beneficial insect species. Spinosad emerged as an organic alternative to synthetic insecticides and is considered less harmful to beneficial insects, yet its mode of action remains unclear. Using Drosophila, we show that low doses of spinosad antagonize its neuronal target, the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit alpha 6 (nAChRα6), reducing the cholinergic response. We show that the nAChRα6 receptors are transported to lysosomes that become enlarged and increase in number upon low doses of spinosad treatment. Lysosomal dysfunction is associated with mitochondrial stress and elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the central nervous system where nAChRα6 is broadly expressed. ROS disturb lipid storage in metabolic tissues in an nAChRα6-dependent manner. Spinosad toxicity is ameliorated with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine amide. Chronic exposure of adult virgin females to low doses of spinosad leads to mitochondrial defects, severe neurodegeneration, and blindness. These deleterious effects of low-dose exposures warrant rigorous investigation of its impacts on beneficial insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Martelli
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Zhongyuan Zuo
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Julia Wang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
| | - Ching-On Wong
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Sciences Center, Houston, United States
| | - Nicholas E Karagas
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Sciences Center, Houston, United States
| | - Ute Roessner
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Thusita Rupasinghe
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Charles Robin
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kartik Venkatachalam
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Sciences Center, Houston, United States
| | - Trent Perry
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Philip Batterham
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Hugo J Bellen
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States.,Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children Hospital, Houston, United States.,Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, United States
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18
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Nauen R, Bass C, Feyereisen R, Vontas J. The Role of Cytochrome P450s in Insect Toxicology and Resistance. ANNUAL REVIEW OF ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 67:105-124. [PMID: 34590892 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-ento-070621-061328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 135] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Insect cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) perform a variety of important physiological functions, but it is their role in the detoxification of xenobiotics, such as natural and synthetic insecticides, that is the topic of this review. Recent advances in insect genomics and postgenomic functional approaches have provided an unprecedented opportunity to understand the evolution of insect P450s and their role in insect toxicology. These approaches have also been harnessed to provide new insights into the genomic alterations that lead to insecticide resistance, the mechanisms by which P450s are regulated, and the functional determinants of P450-mediated insecticide resistance. In parallel, an emerging body of work on the role of P450s in defining the sensitivity of beneficial insects to insecticides has been developed. The knowledge gained from these studies has applications for the management of P450-mediated resistance in insect pests and can be leveraged to safeguard the health of important beneficial insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Nauen
- Crop Science Division R&D, Bayer AG, D-40789 Monheim, Germany;
| | - Chris Bass
- Biosciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9FE, United Kingdom;
| | - René Feyereisen
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium;
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-1871 Frederiksberg C, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - John Vontas
- Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, GR-11855 Athens, Greece;
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation for Research & Technology Hellas, GR-700 13 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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19
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Carvalho R, Dhar P, Haselton A, Heckler I, Hoffmann J, Wilklow-Marnell M, Juneja R, Li Y. Evaluation of the insecticidal properties of Terminalia arjuna ethanolic extracts against Drosophila melanogaster. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2022.100522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
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20
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Baci GM, Cucu AA, Giurgiu AI, Muscă AS, Bagameri L, Moise AR, Bobiș O, Rațiu AC, Dezmirean DS. Advances in Editing Silkworms ( Bombyx mori) Genome by Using the CRISPR-Cas System. INSECTS 2021; 13:28. [PMID: 35055871 PMCID: PMC8777690 DOI: 10.3390/insects13010028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats)-Cas (CRISPR-associated) represents a powerful genome editing technology that revolutionized in a short period of time numerous natural sciences branches. Therefore, extraordinary progress was made in various fields, such as entomology or biotechnology. Bombyx mori is one of the most important insects, not only for the sericulture industry, but for numerous scientific areas. The silkworms play a key role as a model organism, but also as a bioreactor for the recombinant protein production. Nowadays, the CRISPR-Cas genome editing system is frequently used in order to perform gene analyses, to increase the resistance against certain pathogens or as an imaging tool in B. mori. Here, we provide an overview of various studies that made use of CRISPR-Cas for B. mori genome editing, with a focus on emphasizing the high applicability of this system in entomology and biological sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela-Maria Baci
- Faculty of Animal Science and Biotechnology, University of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (G.-M.B.); (A.-A.C.); (A.-I.G.); (A.-S.M.); (L.B.); (O.B.); (D.S.D.)
| | - Alexandra-Antonia Cucu
- Faculty of Animal Science and Biotechnology, University of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (G.-M.B.); (A.-A.C.); (A.-I.G.); (A.-S.M.); (L.B.); (O.B.); (D.S.D.)
| | - Alexandru-Ioan Giurgiu
- Faculty of Animal Science and Biotechnology, University of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (G.-M.B.); (A.-A.C.); (A.-I.G.); (A.-S.M.); (L.B.); (O.B.); (D.S.D.)
| | - Adriana-Sebastiana Muscă
- Faculty of Animal Science and Biotechnology, University of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (G.-M.B.); (A.-A.C.); (A.-I.G.); (A.-S.M.); (L.B.); (O.B.); (D.S.D.)
| | - Lilla Bagameri
- Faculty of Animal Science and Biotechnology, University of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (G.-M.B.); (A.-A.C.); (A.-I.G.); (A.-S.M.); (L.B.); (O.B.); (D.S.D.)
| | - Adela Ramona Moise
- Faculty of Animal Science and Biotechnology, University of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (G.-M.B.); (A.-A.C.); (A.-I.G.); (A.-S.M.); (L.B.); (O.B.); (D.S.D.)
| | - Otilia Bobiș
- Faculty of Animal Science and Biotechnology, University of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (G.-M.B.); (A.-A.C.); (A.-I.G.); (A.-S.M.); (L.B.); (O.B.); (D.S.D.)
| | | | - Daniel Severus Dezmirean
- Faculty of Animal Science and Biotechnology, University of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 400372 Cluj-Napoca, Romania; (G.-M.B.); (A.-A.C.); (A.-I.G.); (A.-S.M.); (L.B.); (O.B.); (D.S.D.)
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Guo L, Fan XY, Qiao X, Montell C, Huang J. An octopamine receptor confers selective toxicity of amitraz on honeybees and Varroa mites. eLife 2021; 10:68268. [PMID: 34263722 PMCID: PMC8313232 DOI: 10.7554/elife.68268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The Varroa destructor mite is a devastating parasite of Apis mellifera honeybees. They can cause colonies to collapse by spreading viruses and feeding on the fat reserves of adults and larvae. Amitraz is used to control mites due to its low toxicity to bees; however, the mechanism of bee resistance to amitraz remains unknown. In this study, we found that amitraz and its major metabolite potently activated all four mite octopamine receptors. Behavioral assays using Drosophila null mutants of octopamine receptors identified one receptor subtype Octβ2R as the sole target of amitraz in vivo. We found that thermogenetic activation of octβ2R-expressing neurons mimics amitraz poisoning symptoms in target pests. We next confirmed that the mite Octβ2R was more sensitive to amitraz and its metabolite than the bee Octβ2R in pharmacological assays and transgenic flies. Furthermore, replacement of three bee-specific residues with the counterparts in the mite receptor increased amitraz sensitivity of the bee Octβ2R, indicating that the relative insensitivity of their receptor is the major mechanism for honeybees to resist amitraz. The present findings have important implications for resistance management and the design of safer insecticides that selectively target pests while maintaining low toxicity to non-target pollinators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Guo
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin-Yu Fan
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaomu Qiao
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Craig Montell
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, United States
| | - Jia Huang
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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22
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Gao Y, Kim JH, Jeong IH, Clark JM, Lee SH. Transcriptomic identification and characterization of genes commonly responding to sublethal concentrations of six different insecticides in the common fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 175:104852. [PMID: 33993970 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2021.104852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pretreatment with sublethal concentrations (LC10) of six insecticides (chlorantraniliprole, cypermethrin, dinotefuran, indoxacarb, ivermectin, and spinosad) significantly elevated tolerance of the common fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster to lethal concentration of the respective insecticide. Commonly responding genes to sublethal treatments of the six insecticides were identified by transcriptome analysis based on a fold change >1.5 or < -1.5, and p < 0.05 as selection criteria. Following treatment with all the six insecticides, 26 transcripts were commonly over-transcribed, whereas 30 transcripts were commonly under-transcribed. Reliability of the transcriptome data was confirmed by quantitative PCR. A majority of the over-transcribed genes included those related to olfactory behavior, such as odorant-binding proteins, as well as immune-related genes, including attacin, diptericin, and immune-induced molecule 18. In contrast, genes belonging to the mitochondrial respiratory chain, such as mitochondrial NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase chain 1/3/4/5 and mitochondrial cytochrome b/c, were commonly under-transcribed. Furthermore, genes related to eggshell formation and motion were also under-transcribed, which may indicate a possible energy trade-off for xenobiotic stress. In summary, most of the differentially expressed genes were not directly related to well-known detoxification genes, suggesting that the roles of commonly expressed tolerance-related genes are not likely related to direct metabolic detoxification, but rather are associated with restoration of homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Gao
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ju Hyeon Kim
- Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - In Hong Jeong
- Division of Crop Protection, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Republic of Korea
| | - J Marshall Clark
- Department of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, MA, USA
| | - Si Hyeock Lee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Research Institute for Agriculture and Life Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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23
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Co-Expression of a Homologous Cytochrome P450 Reductase Is Required for In Vivo Validation of the Tetranychus urticae CYP392A16-Based Abamectin Resistance in Drosophila. INSECTS 2020; 11:insects11120829. [PMID: 33255521 PMCID: PMC7761253 DOI: 10.3390/insects11120829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Simple Summary The two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae, is one of the most damaging agricultural pests worldwide, feeding on over 1100 plant species and causing extensive damage to several crops. Chemical acaricides remain the most widely used strategy to control this pest. However, T. urticae has developed significant resistance to numerous acaricide compounds, due to certain features of mite biology and extensive acaricide applications that lead to the selection of resistant pests and subsequently the emergence of resistant populations. Several molecular/genetic mechanisms may contribute to these highly resistant phenotypes. Such mechanisms frequently involve expression of P450 detoxification enzymes, which act together with a partner protein named cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR). In this study, we investigated the potential of a mite P450 enzyme, CYP392A16, to confer resistance to the acaricide abamectin in vivo, when expressed in tissues of the model fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster. We confirmed that expression of this enzyme contributes to abamectin resistance in the fruit fly model, but only when a homologous mite CPR is co-expressed. Our findings indicate that the Drosophila model system can be engineered to facilitate validation of the candidate mite P450s, in order to elucidate resistance mechanisms and their underlying interactions. Abstract Overexpression of the cytochrome P450 monooxygenase CYP392A16 has been previously associated with abamectin resistance using transcriptional analysis in the two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae, an important pest species worldwide; however, this association has not been functionally validated in vivo despite the demonstrated ability of CYP392A16 to metabolize abamectin in vitro. We expressed CYP392A16 in vivo via a Gal4 transcription activator protein/Upstream Activating Sequence (GAL4/UAS) system in Drosophila melanogaster flies, driving expression with detoxification tissue-specific drivers. We demonstrated that CYP392A16 expression confers statistically significant abamectin resistance in toxicity bioassays in Drosophila only when its homologous redox partner, cytochrome P450 reductase (TuCPR), is co-expressed in transgenic flies. Our study shows that the Drosophila model can be further improved, to facilitate the functional analysis of insecticide resistance mechanisms acting alone or in combination.
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24
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Vontas J, Katsavou E, Mavridis K. Cytochrome P450-based metabolic insecticide resistance in Anopheles and Aedes mosquito vectors: Muddying the waters. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 170:104666. [PMID: 32980073 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2020.104666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Despite the substantial progress achieved in the characterization of cytochrome P450 (CYP) -based resistance mechanisms in mosquitoes, a number of questions remain unanswered. These include: (i) the regulation and physiology of resistance conferring CYPs; (ii) the actual contribution of CYPs in resistance alone or in combination with other detoxification partners or other resistance mechanisms; (iii) the association between overexpression levels and allelic variation, with the catalytic activity and the intensity of resistance and (iv) the true value of molecular diagnostics targeting CYP markers, for driving decision making in the frame of Insecticide Resistance Management applications. Furthermore, the translation of CYP - based insecticide resistance research in mosquitoes into practical applications, is being developed, but it is not fully exploited, as yet. Examples include the production of high throughput platforms for screening the liability (stability) or inhibition potential of novel insecticidal leads and synergists (add-ons), as well as the exploration of the negative cross resistance concept (i.e. detoxification of certain insecticides, but activation of others pro-insecticides). The goal of this review is to critically summarise the current knowledge and the gaps of the CYP-based metabolic insecticide resistance in Anopheles and Aedes mosquito vectors. The progress and limitations of the protein and the reverse/forward genetic approaches, the understanding and importance of molecular and physiological aspects, as well as the current and future exploitation routes of CYP research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Vontas
- Foundation for Research and Technology (FORTH), Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), Nikolaou Plastira Street 100, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece; Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 875, 11855, Athens, Greece.
| | - Eva Katsavou
- Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 875, 11855, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Mavridis
- Foundation for Research and Technology (FORTH), Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology (IMBB), Nikolaou Plastira Street 100, 70013, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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25
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Martelli F, Zhongyuan Z, Wang J, Wong CO, Karagas NE, Roessner U, Rupasinghe T, Venkatachalam K, Perry T, Bellen HJ, Batterham P. Low doses of the neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid induce ROS triggering neurological and metabolic impairments in Drosophila. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:25840-25850. [PMID: 32989137 PMCID: PMC7568275 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2011828117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Declining insect population sizes are provoking grave concern around the world as insects play essential roles in food production and ecosystems. Environmental contamination by intense insecticide usage is consistently proposed as a significant contributor, among other threats. Many studies have demonstrated impacts of low doses of insecticides on insect behavior, but have not elucidated links to insecticidal activity at the molecular and cellular levels. Here, the histological, physiological, and behavioral impacts of imidacloprid are investigated in Drosophila melanogaster, an experimental organism exposed to insecticides in the field. We show that oxidative stress is a key factor in the mode of action of this insecticide at low doses. Imidacloprid produces an enduring flux of Ca2+ into neurons and a rapid increase in levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the larval brain. It affects mitochondrial function, energy levels, the lipid environment, and transcriptomic profiles. Use of RNAi to induce ROS production in the brain recapitulates insecticide-induced phenotypes in the metabolic tissues, indicating that a signal from neurons is responsible. Chronic low level exposures in adults lead to mitochondrial dysfunction, severe damage to glial cells, and impaired vision. The potent antioxidant, N-acetylcysteine amide (NACA), reduces the severity of a number of the imidacloprid-induced phenotypes, indicating a causal role for oxidative stress. Given that other insecticides are known to generate oxidative stress, this research has wider implications. The systemic impairment of several key biological functions, including vision, reported here would reduce the resilience of insects facing other environmental challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Martelli
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Zuo Zhongyuan
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Julia Wang
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Ching-On Wong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102
| | - Nicholas E Karagas
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Sciences Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Ute Roessner
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Thusitha Rupasinghe
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Kartik Venkatachalam
- Department of Integrative Biology and Pharmacology, McGovern Medical School at the University of Texas Health Sciences Center, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Trent Perry
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Hugo J Bellen
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
- Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX 77030
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Philip Batterham
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia;
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26
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McLeman A, Troczka BJ, Homem RA, Duarte A, Zimmer C, Garrood WT, Pym A, Beadle K, Reid RJ, Douris V, Vontas J, Davies TGE, Ffrench Constant R, Nauen R, Bass C. Fly-Tox: A panel of transgenic flies expressing pest and pollinator cytochrome P450s. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 169:104674. [PMID: 32828379 PMCID: PMC7482442 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2020.104674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
There is an on-going need to develop new insecticides that are not compromised by resistance and that have improved environmental profiles. However, the cost of developing novel compounds has increased significantly over the last two decades. This is in part due to increased regulatory requirements, including the need to screen both pest and pollinator insect species to ensure that pre-existing resistance will not hamper the efficacy of a new insecticide via cross-resistance, or adversely affect non-target insect species. To add to this problem the collection and maintenance of toxicologically relevant pest and pollinator species and strains is costly and often difficult. Here we present Fly-Tox, a panel of publicly available transgenic Drosophila melanogaster lines each containing one or more pest or pollinator P450 genes that have been previously shown to metabolise insecticides. We describe the range of ways these tools can be used, including in predictive screens to avoid pre-existing cross-resistance, to identify potential resistance-breaking inhibitors, in the initial assessment of potential insecticide toxicity to bee pollinators, and identifying harmful pesticide-pesticide interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy McLeman
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall, UK
| | - Bartlomiej J Troczka
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall, UK.
| | - Rafael A Homem
- Department of Biointeractions and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK
| | - Ana Duarte
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall, UK
| | - Christoph Zimmer
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall, UK
| | - William T Garrood
- Department of Biointeractions and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK
| | - Adam Pym
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall, UK
| | - Katherine Beadle
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall, UK
| | - Rebecca J Reid
- Department of Biointeractions and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK
| | - Vassilis Douris
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation for Research & Technology Hellas, Crete, Greece; Department of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina,45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - John Vontas
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation for Research & Technology Hellas, Crete, Greece; Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - T G Emyr Davies
- Department of Biointeractions and Crop Protection, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden, UK
| | - Richard Ffrench Constant
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall, UK
| | - Ralf Nauen
- Bayer AG, Crop Science Division, R&D, Alfred Nobel-Strasse 50, 40789.Monheim, Germany
| | - Chris Bass
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Biosciences, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall, UK.
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27
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Douris V, Denecke S, Van Leeuwen T, Bass C, Nauen R, Vontas J. Using CRISPR/Cas9 genome modification to understand the genetic basis of insecticide resistance: Drosophila and beyond. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 167:104595. [PMID: 32527434 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2020.104595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Chemical insecticides are a major tool for the control of many of the world's most damaging arthropod pests. However, their intensive application is often associated with the emergence of resistance, sometimes with serious implications for sustainable pest control. To mitigate failure of insecticide-based control tools, the mechanisms by which insects have evolved resistance must be elucidated. This includes both identification and functional characterization of putative resistance genes and/or mutations. Research on this topic has been greatly facilitated by using powerful genetic model insects like Drosophila melanogaster, and more recently by advances in genome modification technology, notably CRISPR/Cas9. Here, we present the advances that have been made through the application of genome modification technology in insecticide resistance research. The majority of the work conducted in the field to date has made use of genetic tools and resources available in D. melanogaster. This has greatly enhanced our understanding of resistance mechanisms, especially those mediated by insensitivity of the pesticide target-site. We discuss this progress for a series of different insecticide targets, but also report a number of unsuccessful or inconclusive attempts that highlight some inherent limitations of using Drosophila to characterize resistance mechanisms identified in arthropod pests. We also discuss an experimental framework that may circumvent current limitations while retaining the genetic versatility and robustness that Drosophila has to offer. Finally, we describe examples of direct CRISPR/Cas9 use in non-model pest species, an approach that will likely find much wider application in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vassilis Douris
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation for Research & Technology Hellas, 100 N. Plastira Street, 700 13 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; Department of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece.
| | - Shane Denecke
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation for Research & Technology Hellas, 100 N. Plastira Street, 700 13 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Thomas Van Leeuwen
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Chris Bass
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter, Penryn Campus, Penryn, Cornwall TR10 9FE, UK
| | - Ralf Nauen
- Bayer AG, CropScience Division, R&D Pest Control, D-40789 Monheim, Germany
| | - John Vontas
- Institute of Molecular Biology & Biotechnology, Foundation for Research & Technology Hellas, 100 N. Plastira Street, 700 13 Heraklion, Crete, Greece; Laboratory of Pesticide Science, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, Greece.
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28
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Samantsidis GR, Panteleri R, Denecke S, Kounadi S, Christou I, Nauen R, Douris V, Vontas J. 'What I cannot create, I do not understand': functionally validated synergism of metabolic and target site insecticide resistance. Proc Biol Sci 2020; 287:20200838. [PMID: 32453986 PMCID: PMC7287358 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2020.0838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The putative synergistic action of target-site mutations and enhanced detoxification in pyrethroid resistance in insects has been hypothesized as a major evolutionary mechanism responsible for dramatic consequences in malaria incidence and crop production. Combining genetic transformation and CRISPR/Cas9 genome modification, we generated transgenic Drosophila lines expressing pyrethroid metabolizing P450 enzymes in a genetic background along with engineered mutations in the voltage-gated sodium channel (para) known to confer target-site resistance. Genotypes expressing the yellow fever mosquito Aedes aegypti Cyp9J28 while also bearing the paraV1016G mutation displayed substantially greater resistance ratio (RR) against deltamethrin than the product of each individual mechanism (RRcombined: 19.85 > RRCyp9J28: 1.77 × RRV1016G: 3.00). Genotypes expressing Brassicogethes aeneus pollen beetle Cyp6BQ23 and also bearing the paraL1014F (kdr) mutation, displayed an almost multiplicative RR (RRcombined: 75.19 ≥ RRCyp6BQ23: 5.74 × RRL1014F: 12.74). Reduced pyrethroid affinity at the target site, delaying saturation while simultaneously extending the duration of P450-driven detoxification, is proposed as a possible underlying mechanism. Combinations of target site and P450 resistance loci might be unfavourable in field populations in the absence of insecticide selection, as they exert some fitness disadvantage in development time and fecundity. These are major considerations from the insecticide resistance management viewpoint in both public health and agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- George-Rafael Samantsidis
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, 100 N. Plastira Street, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, 71409 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Rafaela Panteleri
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, 100 N. Plastira Street, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, 71409 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Shane Denecke
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, 100 N. Plastira Street, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Stella Kounadi
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, 100 N. Plastira Street, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, 71409 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Iason Christou
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, 100 N. Plastira Street, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Department of Biology, University of Crete, Vassilika Vouton, 71409 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - Ralf Nauen
- Bayer AG, CropScience Division, R&D Pest Control, 40789 Monheim, Germany
| | - Vassilis Douris
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, 100 N. Plastira Street, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Department of Biological Applications and Technology, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - John Vontas
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology Hellas, 100 N. Plastira Street, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece
- Laboratory of Pesticide Science, Department of Crop Science, Agricultural University of Athens, 118 55 Athens, Greece
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