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Zhang L, Huang Y, Shi Y, Si H, Luo H, Chen S, Wang Z, He H, Liao S. Synthesis, antifungal activity and action mechanism of novel citral amide derivatives against Rhizoctonia solani. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:4482-4494. [PMID: 38676622 DOI: 10.1002/ps.8153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rice sheath blight caused by Rhizoctonia solani is a severe threat to the yield and quality of rice. Due to the unscientific abuse of common fungicides causing resistance and environmental issues, the development of new fungicides is necessary. In this study, we used citral as the lead compound, designed and synthesized a series of novel citral amide derivatives, and evaluated their antifungal activity and mode of action against R. solani. RESULT Bioassay results indicated that the antifungal activities of most citral amide derivatives against R. solani were significantly improved compared to citral, with EC50 values ranging from 9.50-27.12 mg L-1. Among them, compound d21 containing the N-(pyridin-4-yl)carboxamide group exhibited in vitro and in vivo fungicidal activities, with curative effects at 500 mg L-1 as effectively as the commercial fungicide validamycin·bacillus. Furthermore, d21 prolonged the lag phase of the growth curve of R. solani, reduced the amount of growth, and inhibited sclerotium germination and formation. Mechanistically, d21 deformed the mycelia, increased cell membrane permeability, and inhibited the activities of antioxidant and tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA)-related enzymes. Metabolome analysis showed the abundance of some energy-related metabolites within R. solani increased, and simultaneously the antifungal substances secreted by itself reduced. Transcriptome analysis showed that most genes encoding ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters and peroxisomes upregulated after the treatment of d21 and cell membrane destruction. CONCLUSION This study indicates that novel citral amide derivatives possess antifungal activity against R. solani and are expected to develop an alternative option for chemical control of rice sheath blight. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, East China Woody Fragrance and Flavor Engineering Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Improved Variety Breeding and Efficient Utilization of Native Tree Species, Nanchang, China
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Super Rice Engineering Technology Research Center, Nanchang, China
| | - Yizhong Huang
- College of Life Sciences, Nanchang Normal University, Nanchang, China
| | - Yunfei Shi
- College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, East China Woody Fragrance and Flavor Engineering Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Improved Variety Breeding and Efficient Utilization of Native Tree Species, Nanchang, China
| | - Hongyan Si
- College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, East China Woody Fragrance and Flavor Engineering Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Improved Variety Breeding and Efficient Utilization of Native Tree Species, Nanchang, China
| | - Hai Luo
- College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, East China Woody Fragrance and Flavor Engineering Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Improved Variety Breeding and Efficient Utilization of Native Tree Species, Nanchang, China
| | - Shangxing Chen
- College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, East China Woody Fragrance and Flavor Engineering Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Improved Variety Breeding and Efficient Utilization of Native Tree Species, Nanchang, China
| | - Zongde Wang
- College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, East China Woody Fragrance and Flavor Engineering Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Improved Variety Breeding and Efficient Utilization of Native Tree Species, Nanchang, China
| | - Haohua He
- College of Agronomy, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology, Ecology and Genetic Breeding, Ministry of Education, Jiangxi Super Rice Engineering Technology Research Center, Nanchang, China
| | - Shengliang Liao
- College of Forestry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, East China Woody Fragrance and Flavor Engineering Research Center of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Improved Variety Breeding and Efficient Utilization of Native Tree Species, Nanchang, China
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Ding Y, Yuan J, Wu S, Hu K, Ma Y, Gao Y, Li M, Li R. pH/chitinase dual stimuli-responsive essential oil-delivery system based on mesoporous silica nanoparticles for control of rice blast. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:3215-3226. [PMID: 38357831 DOI: 10.1002/ps.8024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Owing to their surface modifiability, smart mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) can be designed to respond to plant disease-microenvironmental stimuli, thereby achieving on-demand release of active ingredients to control disease by effectively improving citral (CT) stability. RESULTS A pH/chitinase dual stimuli-responsive essential oil-delivery system (CT@HMS@CH/TA) was successfully fabricated by encapsulating CT in hollow mesoporous silica (HMS), and coating with tannic acid (TA) and chitosan (CH) within HMS by using the layer-by-layer assembly technique (LbL). CT@HMS@CH/TA with an average particle size of 125.12 ± 0.12 nm and a hollow mesoporous nanostructure showed high CT-loading efficiency (16.58% ± 0.17%). The photodegradation rate of CT@HMS@CH/TA under UV irradiation (48 h) was only 15.31%, indicating a 3.34-fold UV stability improvement. CT@HMS@CH/TA exhibited a higher CT release rate in response to acidic pH and the presence of chitinase, simulating the prevailing conditions as Magnaporthe oryzae infection. Furthermore, CT@HMS@CH/TA exhibited better adhesion without affecting normal rice growth, significantly upregulating chitinase gene expression and enhancing chitinase activity on M. oryzae, thus enhancing CT antifungal activity. CONCLUSION CT@HMS@CH/TA improved CT stability and showed intelligent, controlled release-performance and higher antifungal efficacy, thus providing a new strategy for efficient application of essential oils for green control of rice blast disease. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ding
- Institute of Crop Protection, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management in Mountainous Region, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jun Yuan
- Institute of Crop Protection, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management in Mountainous Region, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Shuai Wu
- Institute of Crop Protection, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management in Mountainous Region, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Ke Hu
- Institute of Crop Protection, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management in Mountainous Region, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yue Ma
- Institute of Crop Protection, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management in Mountainous Region, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yunhao Gao
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ming Li
- Institute of Crop Protection, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management in Mountainous Region, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Rongyu Li
- Institute of Crop Protection, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
- Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management in Mountainous Region, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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Zhang Y, Li B, Fu M, Wang Z, Chen K, Du M, Zalán Z, Hegyi F, Kan J. Antifungal mechanisms of binary combinations of volatile organic compounds produced by lactic acid bacteria strains against Aspergillusflavus. Toxicon 2024; 243:107749. [PMID: 38710308 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2024.107749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Aspergillus flavus(A. flavus), a common humic fungus known for its ability to infect agricultural products, served as the subject of investigation in this study. The primary objective was to assess the antifungal efficacy and underlying mechanisms of binary combinations of five volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced by lactic acid bacteria, specifically in their inhibition of A. flavus. This assessment was conducted through a comprehensive analysis, involving biochemical characterization and transcriptomic scrutiny. The results showed that VOCs induce notable morphological abnormalities in A. flavus conidia and hyphae. Furthermore, they disrupt the integrity of the fungal cell membrane and cell wall, resulting in the leakage of intracellular contents and an increase in extracellular electrical conductivity. In terms of cellular components, VOC exposure led to an elevation in malondialdehyde content while concurrently inhibiting the levels of total lipids, ergosterol, soluble proteins, and reducing sugars. Additionally, the impact of VOCs on A. flavus energy metabolism was evident, with significant inhibition observed in the activities of key enzymes, such as Na+/K+-ATPase, malate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, and chitinase. And they were able to inhibit aflatoxin B1 synthesis. The transcriptomic analysis offered further insights, highlighting that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were predominantly associated with membrane functionality and enriched in pathways about carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism. Notably, DEGs linked to cellular components and energy-related mechanisms exhibited down-regulation, thereby corroborating the findings from the biochemical analyses. In summary, these results elucidate the principal antifungal mechanisms of VOCs, which encompass the disruption of cell membrane integrity and interference with carbohydrate and amino acid metabolism in A. flavus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Chinese-Hungarian Cooperative Research Centre for Food Science, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Bin Li
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Chinese-Hungarian Cooperative Research Centre for Food Science, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Mingze Fu
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Chinese-Hungarian Cooperative Research Centre for Food Science, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Zhirong Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225127, China.
| | - Kewei Chen
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing, 400715, China; Chinese-Hungarian Cooperative Research Centre for Food Science, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Muying Du
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing, 400715, China; Chinese-Hungarian Cooperative Research Centre for Food Science, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Zsolt Zalán
- Food Science and Technology Institute, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Buda Campus, Budapest, 1022, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Hegyi
- Food Science and Technology Institute, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Buda Campus, Budapest, 1022, Hungary
| | - Jianquan Kan
- College of Food Science, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Speciality Food Co-Built by Sichuan and Chongqing, Chongqing, 400715, China; Chinese-Hungarian Cooperative Research Centre for Food Science, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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An JX, Zhang BQ, Liang HJ, Zhang ZJ, Liu YQ, Zhang SY. Antifungal Activity and Putative Mechanism of HWY-289, a Semisynthetic Protoberberine Derivative, against Botrytis cinerea. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:7716-7726. [PMID: 38536397 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c08858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
The emergence of resistant pathogens has increased the demand for alternative fungicides. The use of natural products as chemical scaffolds is a potential method for developing fungicides. HWY-289, a semisynthetic protoberberine derivative, demonstrated broad-spectrum and potent activities against phytopathogenic fungi, particularly Botrytis cinerea (with EC50 values of 1.34 μg/mL). SEM and TEM imaging indicated that HWY-289 altered the morphology of the mycelium and the internal structure of cells. Transcriptomics revealed that it could break down cellular walls through amino acid sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism. In addition, it substantially decreased chitinase activity and chitin synthase gene (BcCHSV) expression by 53.03 and 82.18% at 1.5 μg/mL, respectively. Moreover, this impacted the permeability and integrity of cell membranes. Finally, HWY-289 also hindered energy metabolism, resulting in a significant reduction of ATP content, ATPase activities, and key enzyme activities in the TCA cycle. Therefore, HWY-289 may be a potential candidate for the development of plant fungicides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Xia An
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Bao-Qi Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong-Jie Liang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi-Jun Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying-Qian Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Vector Biology and Pathogen Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China
| | - Shao-Yong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Vector Biology and Pathogen Control of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313000, China
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Zhang G, Li R, Wu X, Li M. Natural Product Aloesin Significantly Inhibits Spore Germination and Appressorium Formation in Magnaporthe oryzae. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2395. [PMID: 37894053 PMCID: PMC10609347 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11102395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to determine the effects of the natural product aloesin against Magnaporthe oryzae. The results exposed that aloesin had a high inhibitory effect on appressorium formation (the EC50 value was 175.26 μg/mL). Microscopic examination revealed that 92.30 ± 4.26% of M. oryzae spores could be broken down by 625.00 μg/mL of aloesin, and the formation rate of appressoria was 4.74 ± 1.00% after 12 h. M. oryzae mycelial growth was weaker than that on the control. The enzyme activity analysis results indicated that aloesin inhibited the activities of polyketolase (PKS), laccase (LAC), and chain-shortening catalytic enzyme (Aayg1), which are key enzymes in melanin synthesis. The inhibition rate by aloesin of PKS, LAC, and Aayg1 activity was 32.51%, 33.04%, and 43.38%, respectively. The proteomic analysis showed that actin expression was downregulated at 175.62 μg/mL of aloesin, which could reduce actin bundle formation and prevent the polar growth of hyphae in M. oryzae. This is the first report showing that aloesin effectively inhibits conidia morphology and appressorium formation in M. oryzae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohui Zhang
- Institute of Crop Protection, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (G.Z.); (X.W.)
- College of Life and Health Science, Kaili University, Kaili 556000, China
| | - Rongyu Li
- Institute of Crop Protection, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (G.Z.); (X.W.)
| | - Xiaomao Wu
- Institute of Crop Protection, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (G.Z.); (X.W.)
| | - Ming Li
- Institute of Crop Protection, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (G.Z.); (X.W.)
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Huang Z, Lou J, Gao Y, Noman M, Li D, Song F. FonTup1 functions in growth, conidiogenesis and pathogenicity of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum through modulating the expression of the tricarboxylic acid cycle genes. Microbiol Res 2023; 272:127389. [PMID: 37099956 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2023.127389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
The Tup1-Cyc8 complex is a highly conserved transcriptional corepressor that regulates intricate genetic network associated with various biological processes in fungi. Here, we report the role and mechanism of FonTup1 in regulating physiological processes and pathogenicity in watermelon Fusarium wilt fungus, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum (Fon). FonTup1 deletion impairs mycelial growth, asexual reproduction, and macroconidia morphology, but not macroconidial germination in Fon. The ΔFontup1 mutant exhibits altered tolerance to cell wall perturbing agent (congo red) and osmotic stressors (sorbitol or NaCl), but unchanged sensitivity to paraquat. The deletion of FonTup1 significantly decreases the pathogenicity of Fon toward watermelon plants through attenuating the ability to colonize and grow within the host. Transcriptome analysis revealed that FonTup1 regulates primary metabolic pathways, including the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, via altering the expression of corresponding genes. Downregulation of three malate dehydrogenase genes, FonMDH1-3, occurs in ΔFontup1, and disruption of FonMDH2 causes significant abnormalities in mycelial growth, conidiation, and virulence of Fon. These findings demonstrate that FonTup1, as a global transcriptional corepressor, plays crucial roles in different biological processes and pathogenicity of Fon through regulating various primary metabolic processes, including the TCA cycle. This study highlights the importance and molecular mechanism of the Tup1-Cyc8 complex in multiple basic biological processes and pathogenicity of phytopathogenic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziling Huang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Insect Pests of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jiajun Lou
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Insect Pests of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yizhou Gao
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Insect Pests of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Muhammad Noman
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Insect Pests of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Dayong Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Insect Pests of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Fengming Song
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Crop Diseases and Insect Pests of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China; State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Breeding, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Zhou AA, Li RY, Mo FX, Ding Y, Li RT, Guo X, Hu K, Li M. Natural Product Citronellal can Significantly Disturb Chitin Synthesis and Cell Wall Integrity in Magnaporthe oryzae. J Fungi (Basel) 2022; 8:jof8121310. [PMID: 36547643 PMCID: PMC9784034 DOI: 10.3390/jof8121310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Natural products are often favored in the study of crop pests and diseases. Previous studies have shown that citronellal has a strong inhibition effect on Magnaporthe oryzae. The objective of this study was to clarify its mechanism of action against M. oryzae. RESULTS Firstly, the biological activity of citronellal against M. oryzae was determined by direct and indirect methods, and the results show that citronellal had a strong inhibition effect on M. oryzae with EC50 values of 134.00 mg/L and 70.48 μL/L air, respectively. Additionally, a preliminary study on its mechanism of action was studied. After citronellal treatment, electron microscopy revealed that the mycelium became thin and broken; scanning electron microscopy revealed that the mycelium was wrinkled and distorted; and transmission electron microscopy revealed that the mycelium cell wall was invaginated, the mass wall of mycelium was separated, and the organelles were blurred. The mycelium was further stained with CFW, and the nodes were blurred, while the mycelium was almost non-fluorescent after PI staining, and there was no significant difference in the relative conductivity of mycelium. In addition, chitinase was significantly enhanced, and the expression of chitin synthesis-related genes was 17.47-fold upregulated. Finally, we found that the efficacy of citronellal against the rice blast was as high as 82.14% according to indoor efficacy tests. CONCLUSION These results indicate that citronellal can affect the synthesis of chitin in M. oryzae and damage its cell wall, thereby inhibiting the growth of mycelium and effectively protecting rice from rice blasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai-Ai Zhou
- Institute of Crop Protection, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Rong-Yu Li
- Institute of Crop Protection, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- The Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management in Mountainous Region, Guiyang 550025, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-151-8514-8063
| | - Fei-Xu Mo
- Institute of Crop Protection, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yi Ding
- Institute of Crop Protection, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Ruo-Tong Li
- Institute of Crop Protection, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xue Guo
- Institute of Crop Protection, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Ke Hu
- Institute of Crop Protection, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Ming Li
- Institute of Crop Protection, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- The Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management in Mountainous Region, Guiyang 550025, China
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Emir M, Ozketen AC, Andac Ozketen A, Çelik Oğuz A, Huang M, Karakaya A, Rampitsch C, Gunel A. Increased levels of cell wall degrading enzymes and peptidases are associated with aggressiveness in a virulent isolate of Pyrenophora teres f. maculata. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 279:153839. [PMID: 36370615 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2022.153839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Pyrenophora teres f. maculata (Ptm) is a fungal pathogen that causes the spot form of net blotch on barley and leads to economic losses in many of the world's barley-growing regions. Isolates of Ptm exhibit varying levels of aggressiveness that result in quantifiable changes in the severity of the disease. Previous research on plant-pathogen interactions has shown that such divergence is reflected in the proteome and secretome of the pathogen, with certain classes of proteins more prominent in aggressive isolates. Here we have made a detailed comparative analysis of the secretomes of two Ptm isolates, GPS79 and E35 (highly and mildly aggressive, respectively) using a proteomics-based approach. The secretomes were obtained in vitro using media amended with barley leaf sections. Secreted proteins therein were harvested, digested with trypsin, and fractionated offline by HPLC prior to LC-MS in a high-resolution instrument to obtain deep coverage of the proteome. The subsequent analysis used a label-free quantitative proteomics approach with relative quantification of proteins based on precursor ion intensities. A total of 1175 proteins were identified, 931 from Ptm and 244 from barley. Further analysis revealed 160 differentially abundant proteins with at least a two-fold abundance difference between the isolates, with the most enriched in the aggressive GPS79 secretome. These proteins were mainly cell-wall (carbohydrate) degrading enzymes and peptidases, with some oxidoreductases and other pathogenesis-related proteins also identified, suggesting that aggressiveness is associated with an improved ability of GPS79 to overcome cell wall barriers and neutralize host defense responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmut Emir
- Kirsehir-Ahi Evran University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Kirsehir, Turkey
| | | | | | - Arzu Çelik Oğuz
- Ankara University Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection, Dışkapı, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mei Huang
- Agriculture and Agrifood Canada, Morden Research and Development Centre, Morden MB, Canada
| | - Aziz Karakaya
- Ankara University Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection, Dışkapı, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Christof Rampitsch
- Agriculture and Agrifood Canada, Morden Research and Development Centre, Morden MB, Canada.
| | - Aslihan Gunel
- Kirsehir-Ahi Evran University, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Kirsehir, Turkey.
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Liu B, Stevens-Green R, Johal D, Buchanan R, Geddes-McAlister J. Fungal pathogens of cereal crops: Proteomic insights into fungal pathogenesis, host defense, and resistance. JOURNAL OF PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 269:153593. [PMID: 34915227 DOI: 10.1016/j.jplph.2021.153593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Fungal infections of cereal crops pose a significant risk to global food security through reduced grain production and quality, as well as contamination of animal feed and human products for consumption. To combat fungal disease, we need to understand how the pathogen adapts and survives within the hostile environment of the host and how the host's defense response can be modulated for protection from disease. Such investigations offer insight into fungal pathogenesis, host immunity, the development of resistance, and mechanisms of action for currently-used control strategies. Mass spectrometry-based proteomics provides a technologically-advanced platform to define differences among fungal pathogens and their hosts at the protein level, supporting the discovery of proteins critical for disease, and uncovering novel host responses driving susceptibly or resistance of the host. In this Review, we explore the role of mass spectrometry-based proteomics in defining the intricate relationship between a pathogen and host during fungal disease of cereal crops with a focus on recent discoveries derived from the globally-devastating diseases of Fusarium head blight, Rice blast, and Powdery mildew. We highlight advances made for each of these diseases and discuss opportunities to extrapolate findings to further our fight against fungal pathogens on a global scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Liu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - R Stevens-Green
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - D Johal
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - R Buchanan
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - J Geddes-McAlister
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada; Canadian Proteomics and Artificial Intelligence Research and Training Consortium, Canada.
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10
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Song X, Zhao Q, Zhou A, Wen X, Li M, Li R, Liao X, Xu T. The Antifungal Effects of Citral on Magnaporthe oryzae Occur via Modulation of Chitin Content as Revealed by RNA-Seq Analysis. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7121023. [PMID: 34947005 PMCID: PMC8704549 DOI: 10.3390/jof7121023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The natural product citral has previously been demonstrated to possess antifungal activity against Magnaporthe oryzae. The purpose of this study was to screen and annotate genes that were differentially expressed (DEGs) in M. oryzae after treatment with citral using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq). Thereafter, samples were reprepared for quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR) analysis verification of RNA-seq data. The results showed that 649 DEGs in M. oryzae were significantly affected after treatment with citral (100 μg/mL) for 24 h. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and a gene ontology (GO) analysis showed that DEGs were mainly enriched in amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolic pathways, including the chitin synthesis pathway and UDP sugar synthesis pathway. The results of the RT-qPCR analysis also showed that the chitin present in M. oryzae might be degraded to chitosan, chitobiose, N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, and β-D-fructose-6-phosphate following treatment with citral. Chitin degradation was indicated by damaged cell-wall integrity. Moreover, the UDP glucose synthesis pathway was involved in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, providing precursors for the synthesis of polysaccharides. Galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase, which is involved in the regulation of UDP-α-D-galactose and α-D-galactose-1-phosphate, was downregulated. This would result in the inhibition of UDP glucose (UDP-Glc) synthesis, a reduction in cell-wall glucan content, and the destruction of cell-wall integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingchen Song
- Institute of Crop Protection, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (X.S.); (Q.Z.); (A.Z.); (X.W.); (M.L.); (X.L.); (T.X.)
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Qijun Zhao
- Institute of Crop Protection, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (X.S.); (Q.Z.); (A.Z.); (X.W.); (M.L.); (X.L.); (T.X.)
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Aiai Zhou
- Institute of Crop Protection, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (X.S.); (Q.Z.); (A.Z.); (X.W.); (M.L.); (X.L.); (T.X.)
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xiaodong Wen
- Institute of Crop Protection, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (X.S.); (Q.Z.); (A.Z.); (X.W.); (M.L.); (X.L.); (T.X.)
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Ming Li
- Institute of Crop Protection, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (X.S.); (Q.Z.); (A.Z.); (X.W.); (M.L.); (X.L.); (T.X.)
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- The Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management in Mountainous Region, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Rongyu Li
- Institute of Crop Protection, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (X.S.); (Q.Z.); (A.Z.); (X.W.); (M.L.); (X.L.); (T.X.)
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- The Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management in Mountainous Region, Guiyang 550025, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-151-8514-8063
| | - Xun Liao
- Institute of Crop Protection, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (X.S.); (Q.Z.); (A.Z.); (X.W.); (M.L.); (X.L.); (T.X.)
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- The Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management in Mountainous Region, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Tengzhi Xu
- Institute of Crop Protection, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; (X.S.); (Q.Z.); (A.Z.); (X.W.); (M.L.); (X.L.); (T.X.)
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
- The Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management in Mountainous Region, Guiyang 550025, China
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11
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Mo F, Hu X, Ding Y, Li R, Long Y, Wu X, Li M. Naturally produced magnolol can significantly damage the plasma membrane of Rhizoctonia solani. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2021; 178:104942. [PMID: 34446208 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2021.104942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Rice sheath blight is a destructive fungal disease caused by Rhizoctonia solani. To find a safe and green measure, the biological activity of six plant extracts against R. solani was determined by mycelial growth rate method. The results showed that magnolol possessed better antifungal activities against R. solani, with an EC50 value of 7.47 mg/L. further action mechanism of magnolol against R. solani was carried out. Studies by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the morphology of R. solani mycelia was deformation and surface folds. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) observation on treated R. solani showed that magnolol could induce cytoplasmic membrane rupture and cytoplasmic membrane even disappeared completely accompanied with cellular debris was covered around this fungal, and the mycelia treated with magnolol showed fluorescence after PI staining. Further study showed that the content of malondialdehyde (MDA) and activity of chitinase, β-1,3-glucanase and relative conductivity of mycelia were increased, while the content of soluble protein and activities of catalase (CAT), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), superoxide dismutase (SOD), succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) and NAD-malate dehydrogenase (NAD-MDH) were significantly decreased. These results indicated that magnolol could significantly damage the plasma membrane of R. solani, and interfere with cell respiratory metabolism, thus inhibiting the growth of mycelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feixu Mo
- Institute of Crop Protection, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xianfeng Hu
- Institute of Crop Protection, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Yi Ding
- Institute of Crop Protection, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Rongyu Li
- Institute of Crop Protection, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; The Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management in Mountainous Region, Guiyang 550025, China; College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Youhua Long
- Institute of Crop Protection, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; The Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management in Mountainous Region, Guiyang 550025, China; College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xiaomao Wu
- Institute of Crop Protection, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; The Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management in Mountainous Region, Guiyang 550025, China; College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Ming Li
- Institute of Crop Protection, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; The Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management in Mountainous Region, Guiyang 550025, China; College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
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