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Ma J, Zou L, Lou Y, Lin Y, Zhou J, Ju N, Pan J, Zhang X, Qi D. 20- Deoxyingenol attenuate morphine-induced hippocampus neurotoxicity and memory impairments in rats. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31605. [PMID: 38882370 PMCID: PMC11180326 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The present study aimed to see if 20-Deoxyingenol(20-DOI) could protect hippocampus neurons from the neurotoxic effects of morphine and reduce memory loss in rats. Method Male Wistar rats were given morphine hydrochloride (45 mg/kg, sc, four weeks) and 20-DOI (10, 20 mg/kg, ip., coadministered with morphine) for the Morris Water Maze (MWM) test to investigate the effects of 20-DOI on spatial learning and memory. Western blotting was used to evaluate the expression of the hippocampal CA1 region of the cleaved caspase-3, Bax, and Bcl2 proteins and so on. Moreover, these assays were used to evaluate the expression of superoxide dismutase (SOD)2, heme oxygenase 1(HO1) protein, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity within the hippocampus CA1 area. Results The administration of 20-DOI (10 and 20 mg/kg) to morphine-treated mice enhanced spatial learning and reduced memory deficits. Additionally, 20-DOI treatment reduced apoptosis and oxidative stress in the hippocampal CA1 region of morphine-treated rats. Moreover, 20-DOI improved the autophagy level of the hippocampal CA1 area of morphine-treated rats using Transcription factor EB (TFEB), and 20-DOI prevented spatial learning and memory impairment in morphine-treated rats. The current observation could be partially due to the inhibition of neuronal apoptosis and oxidative stress in the hippocampal CA1 region of rats treated with morphine and the improved autophagy in this region. Conclusions 20-DOI attenuated morphine administration in rats with chronic disease caused spatial learning and memory dysfunction. These mechanistic effects could be partially related to 20-DOI protecting the CA1 region of rat hippocampal neurons from the morphine-induced oxidative stress, apoptosis, and autophagy through TFEB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianfeng Ma
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Linfang Zou
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Yani Lou
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yuanqu Lin
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Jiansong Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Nanbin Ju
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jun Pan
- Department of Orthopaedics, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Xutong Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Dansi Qi
- Department of Pathology, Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Costas-Ferreira C, Durán R, Faro LRF. Evaluation of the potential role of glutamatergic, cholinergic, and nitrergic systems in the dopamine release induced by the pesticide glyphosate in rat striatum. J Appl Toxicol 2024. [PMID: 38828527 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
Glyphosate (GLY) is a pesticide that severely alters nigrostriatal dopaminergic neurotransmission, inducing great increases in dopamine release from rat dorsal striatum. This GLY-induced striatal dopamine overflow occurs through mechanisms not yet fully understood, hence the interest in evaluating the role of other neurotransmitter systems in such effects. So, the main objective of this mechanistic study was to evaluate the possible mediation of the glutamatergic, cholinergic, and nitrergic systems in the GLY-induced in vivo dopamine release from rat dorsal striatum. The extracellular dopamine levels were measured by cerebral microdialysis and HPLC with electrochemical detection. Intrastriatal administration of GLY (5 mmol/L) significantly increased the dopamine release (1102%). Pretreatment with MK-801 (50 or 400 μmol/L), a non-competitive antagonist of NMDA receptors, significantly decreased the effect of GLY (by 70% and 74%, respectively), whereas AP-5 (400 μmol/L), a competitive antagonist of NMDA receptors, or CNQX (500 μmol/L), an AMPA/kainate receptor antagonist, had no significant effect. Administration of the nitric oxide synthase inhibitors, L-nitroarginine (L-NAME, 100 μmol/L) or 7-nitroindazole (7-NI, 100 μmol/L), also did not alter the effect of GLY on dopamine release. Finally, pretreatment of the animals with mecamylamine, an antagonist of nicotinic receptors, decreased the effect of GLY on dopamine release by 49%, whereas atropine, a muscarinic antagonist, had no significant effect. These results indicate that GLY-induced dopamine release largely depends on the activation of NMDA and nicotinic receptors in rat dorsal striatum. Future research is needed to determine the effects of this pesticide at environmentally relevant concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Costas-Ferreira
- Department of Functional Biology and Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Rafael Durán
- Department of Functional Biology and Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Lilian R F Faro
- Department of Functional Biology and Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
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Costas-Ferreira C, Silva ACDJ, Hage-Melim LIDS, Faro LRF. Role of voltage-dependent calcium channels on the striatal in vivo dopamine release induced by the organophosphorus pesticide glyphosate. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 104:104285. [PMID: 37783442 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2023.104285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the role of voltage-sensitive calcium channels (VSCCs) on the striatal dopamine release induced by the pesticide glyphosate (GLY) using selective VSCC inhibitors. The dopamine levels were measured by in vivo cerebral microdialysis coupled to HPLC-ED. Nicardipine (L-type VSCC antagonist) or ω-conotoxin MVIIC (non-selective P/Q-type antagonist) had no effect on dopamine release induced by 5 mM GLY. In contrast, flunarizine (T-type antagonist) or ω-conotoxin GVIA (neuronal N-type antagonist) significantly reduced GLY-stimulated dopamine release. These results suggest that GLY-induced dopamine release depends on extracellular calcium and its influx through the T- and N-type VSCCs. These findings were corroborated by molecular docking, which allowed us to establish a correlation between the effect of GLY on blocked VSCC with the observed dopamine release. We propose new molecular targets of GLY in the dorsal striatum, which could have important implications for the assessment of pesticide risks in non-target organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Costas-Ferreira
- Department of Functional Biology and Health sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Vigo, Spain
| | | | | | - Lilian R Ferreira Faro
- Department of Functional Biology and Health sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Vigo, Spain.
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Costas-Ferreira C, Durán R, Faro LF. Neurotoxic effects of exposure to glyphosate in rat striatum: Effects and mechanisms of action on dopaminergic neurotransmission. PESTICIDE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:105433. [PMID: 37248010 DOI: 10.1016/j.pestbp.2023.105433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 04/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effects and possible mechanisms of action of glyphosate and a glyphosate-based herbicide (GBH) on dopaminergic neurotransmission in the rat striatum. Acute exposure to glyphosate or GBH, administered by systemic (75 or 150 mg/kg, i.p.) or intrastriatal (1, 5, or 10 mM for 1 h) routes, produced significant concentration-dependent increases in dopamine release measured in vivo by cerebral microdialysis coupled to HPLC with electrochemical detection. Systemic administration of glyphosate also significantly impaired motor control and decreased striatal acetylcholinesterase activity and antioxidant capacity. At least two mechanisms can be proposed to explain the glyphosate-induced increases in extracellular dopamine levels: increased exocytotic dopamine release from synaptic vesicles or inhibition of dopamine transporter (DAT). Thus, we investigated the effects of intrastriatal administration of glyphosate (5 mM) in animals pretreated with tetrodotoxin (TTX) or reserpine. It was observed that TTX (10 or 20 μM) had no significant effect on glyphosate-induced dopamine release, while reserpine (10 mg/kg i.p) partially but significantly reduced the dopamine release. When glyphosate was coinfused with nomifensine (50 μM), the increase in dopamine levels was significantly higher than that observed with glyphosate or nomifensine alone. So, two possible hypotheses could explain this additive effect: both glyphosate and nomifensine act through different mechanisms at the dopaminergic terminals to increase dopamine levels; or both nomifensine and glyphosate act on DAT, with glyphosate simultaneously inhibiting reuptake and stimulating dopamine release by reversing the DAT function. Future research is needed to determine the effects of this pesticide at environmentally relevant doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Costas-Ferreira
- Department of Functional Biology and Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Rafael Durán
- Department of Functional Biology and Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Lilian Ferreira Faro
- Department of Functional Biology and Health Sciences, Faculty of Biology, University of Vigo, Vigo, Spain.
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Khazaie S, Jafari M, Golamloo M, Asgari A, Heydari J, Salehi M, Salem F. Cumulative Effects of Paraoxon and Leptin on Oxidative Damages in Rat Tissues: Prophylactic and Therapeutic Roles of N-Acetylcysteine. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2023; 88:165-178. [PMID: 37072331 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297923020013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to paraoxon (POX) and leptin (LP) could cause an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants in an organism, which can be prevented by introduction of exogenous antioxidants such as N-acetylcysteine (NAC). The aim of this study was to evaluate synergic or additive effects of administration of exogenous LP plus POX on the antioxidant status, as well as the prophylactic and therapeutic roles of NAC in various rat tissues. Fifty-four male Wistar rats were divided into nine groups treated with different compounds: Control (no treatment), POX (0.7 mg/kg), NAC (160 mg/kg), LP (1 mg/kg), POX+LP, NAC-POX, POX-NAC, NAC-POX+LP, and POX+LP-NAC. In the last five groups, only the order of administered compounds differed. After 24 h, plasma and tissues were sampled and examined. The results showed that administration of POX plus LP significantly increased biochemical indices in plasma and antioxidant enzymes activities and decreased glutathione content in the liver, erythrocytes, brain, kidney, and heart. In addition, cholinesterase and paraoxonase 1 activities in the POX+LP-treated group were decreased and malondialdehyde level was increased in the liver, erythrocytes, and brain. However, administration of NAC rectified induced changes although not to the same extent. Our study suggests that POX or LP administration engage the oxidative stress system per se; however, their combination did not produce significantly greater effects. Moreover, both prophylactic and therapeutic treatments of rats with NAC supported the antioxidant defense against oxidative damage in tissues, most probably through both its free radical scavenging ability and maintaining intracellular GSH levels. It can therefore be suggested that NAC has particularly protective effects against POX or/and LP toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Khazaie
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahvash Jafari
- Chemical Injuries Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maryam Golamloo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Asgari
- Exercise Physiology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Javad Heydari
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Salehi
- Neurosciences Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Salem
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Ünlü Endirlik B, Bakır E, Ökçesiz A, Güler A, Hamurcu Z, Eken A, Dreij K, Gürbay A. Investigation of the toxicity of a glyphosate-based herbicide in a human liver cell line: Assessing the involvement of Nrf2 pathway and protective effects of vitamin E and α-lipoic acid. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 96:103999. [PMID: 36252731 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2022.103999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs) are the most widely used herbicides all over the world and has gained more attention in recent years because of health safety concerns. In this study, Roundup, one of the most popular glyphosate formulations, was used to evaluate cytotoxic, oxidative stress and apoptosis inducing effects of GBHs in a human hepatocellular cell line (HepG2). Roundup was shown to significantly increase cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, which lead to activation of the nuclear factor-erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) antioxidant defense pathway including reduced levels of heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1). Furthermore, Roundup was found to induce apoptosis and further analysis confirmed involvement of a mitochondrial-dependent pathway verified by increased Bax/Bcl-2 ratios. Investigation of the protective effects of antioxidants vitamin E (Vit E) and α-lipoic acid (LA) against Roundup toxicity showed that both antioxidants significantly reduced the cytotoxicity, ROS formation, HO-1 downregulation, and apoptosis and that Vit E did so more efficiently than LA. In conclusion, our findings highlight the ROS producing and apoptosis inducing effects associated with GBHs, the activation of Nrf2 pathway as a defense mechanism and the protective effects of Vit E and LA against GBH toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcu Ünlü Endirlik
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Elçin Bakır
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Aysun Ökçesiz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Ahsen Güler
- Betül-Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Zuhal Hamurcu
- Betül-Ziya Eren Genome and Stem Cell Center, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey; Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Eken
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey
| | - Kristian Dreij
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Aylin Gürbay
- Department of Pharmaceutical Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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