1
|
Song J, Du J, Tan X, Chen H, Cong B. Bradykinin attenuates endothelial-mesenchymal transition following cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 971:176556. [PMID: 38574840 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
AIMS Endothelial-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) is a crucial pathological process contributing to cardiac fibrosis. Bradykinin has been found to protect the heart against fibrosis. Whether bradykinin regulates EndMT has not been determined. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats were subjected to ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery for 1 h and subsequent reperfusion to induce cardiac ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury. Bradykinin (0.5 μg/h) was infused by an osmotic pump implanted subcutaneously at the onset of reperfusion. Fourteen days later, the functional, histological, and molecular analyses were performed to investigate the changes in cardiac fibrosis and EndMT. Human coronary artery endothelial cells were utilized to determine the molecular mechanisms in vitro. RESULTS Bradykinin treatment improved cardiac function and decreased fibrosis following cardiac IR injury, accompanied by ameliorated EndMT and increased nitric oxide (NO) production. In vitro experiments found that bradykinin mitigated transforming growth factor β1 (TGFβ1)-induced EndMT. Significantly, the bradykinin B2 receptor antagonist or endothelial nitric oxide synthase inhibitor abolished the effects of bradykinin on EndMT inhibition, indicating that the bradykinin B2 receptor and NO might mediate the effects of bradykinin on EndMT inhibition. CONCLUSION Bradykinin plays an essential role in the process of cardiac fibrosis. Bradykinin preserves the cellular signature of endothelial cells, preventing them from EndMT following cardiac IR injury, possibly mediated by bradykinin B2 receptor activation and NO production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinchao Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shidong Hospital Affiliated to the University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China; Department of Physiology, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Jiankui Du
- Department of Physiology, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Xing Tan
- Department of Physiology, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China; Department of Marine Biomedicine and Polar Medicine, Naval Medical Center, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China
| | - Haiyan Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shidong Hospital Affiliated to the University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Binhai Cong
- Department of Physiology, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sexual Dimorphism in the Expression of Cardiac and Hippocampal Renin-Angiotensin and Kallikrein–Kinin Systems in Offspring from Mice Exposed to Alcohol during Gestation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12030541. [PMID: 36978790 PMCID: PMC10045732 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12030541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) impairs fetal development. Alcohol consumption was shown to modulate the renin–angiotensin system (RAS). This study aimed to analyze the effects of PAE on the expression of the renin–angiotensin system (RAS) and kallikrein–kinin system (KKS) peptide systems in the hippocampus and heart of mice of both sexes. C57Bl/6 mice were exposed to alcohol during pregnancy at a concentration of 10% (v/v). On postnatal day 45 (PN45), mouse hippocampi and left ventricles (LV) were collected and processed for messenger RNA (mRNA) expression of components of the RAS and KKS. In PAE animals, more pronounced expression of AT1 and ACE mRNAs in males and a restored AT2 mRNA expression in females were observed in both tissues. In LV, increased AT2, ACE2, and B2 mRNA expressions were also observed in PAE females. Furthermore, high levels of H2O2 were observed in males from the PAE group in both tissues. Taken together, our results suggest that modulation of the expression of these peptidergic systems in PAE females may make them less susceptible to the effects of alcohol.
Collapse
|
3
|
Yang F, Xue J, Wang G, Diao Q. Nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:999404. [PMID: 36172197 PMCID: PMC9512262 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.999404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the most common health problem worldwide and remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Despite recent advances in the management of cardiovascular diseases, pharmaceutical treatment remains suboptimal because of poor pharmacokinetics and high toxicity. However, since being harnessed in the cancer field for the delivery of safer and more effective chemotherapeutics, nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems have offered multiple significant therapeutic effects in treating cardiovascular diseases. Nanoparticle-based drug delivery systems alter the biodistribution of therapeutic agents through site-specific, target-oriented delivery and controlled drug release of precise medicines. Metal-, lipid-, and polymer-based nanoparticles represent ideal materials for use in cardiovascular therapeutics. New developments in the therapeutic potential of drug delivery using nanoparticles and the application of nanomedicine to cardiovascular diseases are described in this review. Furthermore, this review discusses our current understanding of the potential role of nanoparticles in metabolism and toxicity after therapeutic action, with a view to providing a safer and more effective strategy for the treatment of cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fangyu Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jianjiang Xue
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, University-Town Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guixue Wang
- Key Laboratory for Bio-Rheological Science and Technology of Ministry of Education, State and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory for Vascular Implants, Bioengineering College of Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qizhi Diao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Sanya Women and Children’s Hospital Managed by Shanghai Children’s Medical Center, Hainan, China
- *Correspondence: Qizhi Diao,
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Song J, Du J, Tan X, Wu Z, Yuan J, Cong B. Dexmedetomidine protects the heart against ischemia reperfusion injury via regulation of the bradykinin receptors. Eur J Pharmacol 2021; 911:174493. [PMID: 34506777 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2021.174493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dexmedetomidine (DEX) has been reported to protect the heart against ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury. However, the exact mechanisms are still not fully understood. METHODS AND RESULTS A rat cardiac I/R injury model was induced by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery for 1 h and subsequent reperfusion for 2 h, and DEX was administered intravenously 30 min before ischemia. We confirmed that DEX treatment mitigated cardiac I/R injury. Interestingly, we found that DEX regulated the expression of bradykinin (BK) receptors (B1R and B2R) in rat hearts during I/R injury and enhanced the protective action of BK administered during reperfusion. Moreover, in vitro hypoxia reoxygenation (H/R) injury was induced in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (CMs), and DEX was administered 1 h before hypoxia. The in vitro findings were consistent with the in vivo experiments. We found that an α2-adrenoceptor (α2-AR) antagonist (yohimbine) completely aborted DEX-induced B1R and B2R regulation; an adenylyl cyclase (AC) agonist (forskolin) blocked B1R downregulation, while a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor (LY294002) blocked B2R upregulation. The above findings indicated that DEX interacted with α2-AR in cardiomyocytes, inhibited B1R expression via suppression of AC, and stimulated B2R expression via activation of PI3K. CONCLUSIONS DEX regulates BK receptor expression and potentiates the protection of BK in cardiac I/R injury, which suggests that modulating endogenous cardioprotective factors may play an important role in DEX-induced cardioprotection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinchao Song
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shidong Hospital Affiliated to University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| | - Jiankui Du
- Department of Physiology, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Xing Tan
- Department of Physiology, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Zhaotang Wu
- Department of Physiology, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jihong Yuan
- Department of Nephropathy, Shanghai Seventh People's Hospital, Shanghai, 200137, China
| | - Binhai Cong
- Department of Physiology, Naval Medical University (Second Military Medical University), Shanghai, 200433, China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Saunders J, Callejas Salgado AM, Ting JY, Mammen C, Terry J, Bush JW. Quantifying Proximal Collecting Tubule Deficiency in Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor and Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker Fetopathy. Pediatr Dev Pathol 2021; 24:438-444. [PMID: 34082612 DOI: 10.1177/10935266211018922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors and Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers (AAs) are used for several indications, with cessation recommended in pregnancy due to toxic effects. AA fetopathy phenotype is similar to renal tubular dysgenesis including reduced proximal convoluted tubules (PCTs). Our study aimed to quantify the reduction of PCTs in fetuses and infants with prenatal exposure to AAs. MATERIALS AND METHODS We identified 5 fetal AA exposure cases that underwent autopsy at our institution between 2011 and 2018 and compared with 5 gestational age-matched controls. Immunohistochemistry with CD10 and epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) was utilized. RESULTS CD10 and EMA identified a median PCT density of 19.0% ± 12.3% in AA fetopathy patients, significantly less than controls (52.8% ± 4.4%; p < 0.0001). One case with in utero cessation had a PCT density of 34.2% ± 0.2%. Among other AA fetopathy findings, 1 case demonstrated unilateral renal vein thrombosis and 4 had hypocalvaria. CONCLUSIONS We have quantified the reduction in AA fetopathy PCT density, and demonstrated in utero cessation may recover PCT differentiation. Future studies may benefit from calculating PCT percentage as a potential biomarker to correlate with post-natal renal function and maternal factors including medication type, dosage, duration, and time from medication cessation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Saunders
- Division of Anatomical Pathology, British Columbia Children's Hospital and Women's Hospital and Health Center, Vancouver, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | | | - Joseph Y Ting
- Section of Neonatology, British Columbia Children's Hospital and Women's Hospital and Health Center, Vancouver, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Cherry Mammen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,Division of Nephrology, British Columbia Children's Hospital and Women's Hospital and Health Center, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jefferson Terry
- Division of Anatomical Pathology, British Columbia Children's Hospital and Women's Hospital and Health Center, Vancouver, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jonathan W Bush
- Division of Anatomical Pathology, British Columbia Children's Hospital and Women's Hospital and Health Center, Vancouver, Canada.,Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Skinner SC, Derebail VK, Poulton CJ, Bunch DC, Roy-Chaudhury P, Key NS. Hemodialysis-Related Complement and Contact Pathway Activation and Cardiovascular Risk: A Narrative Review. Kidney Med 2021; 3:607-618. [PMID: 34401728 PMCID: PMC8350825 DOI: 10.1016/j.xkme.2021.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals receiving long-term hemodialysis are at increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). Traditional cardiovascular risk factors do not fully explain the high CVD risk in this population. During hemodialysis, blood interacts with the biomaterials of the hemodialysis circuit. This interaction can activate the complement system and the factor XII-driven contact system. FXII activation triggers both the intrinsic pathway of coagulation and the kallikrein-kinin pathway, resulting in thrombin and bradykinin production, respectively. The complement system plays a key role in the innate immune response, but also contributes to the pathogenesis of numerous disease states. Components of the complement pathway, including mannose binding lectin and C3, are associated with CVD risk in people with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). Both the complement system and the factor XII-driven contact coagulation system mediate proinflammatory and procoagulant responses that could contribute to or accelerate CVD in hemodialysis recipents. This review summarizes what is already known about hemodialysis-mediated activation of the complement system and in particular the coagulation contact system, emphasizing the potential role these systems play in the identification of new biomarkers for CVD risk stratification and the development of potential therapeutic targets or innovative therapies that decrease CVD risk in ESKD patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C. Skinner
- Division of Hematology and UNC Blood Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Vimal K. Derebail
- Division of Nephrology and UNC Kidney Center, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Caroline J. Poulton
- Division of Nephrology and UNC Kidney Center, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Donna C. Bunch
- Division of Nephrology and UNC Kidney Center, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Prabir Roy-Chaudhury
- Division of Nephrology and UNC Kidney Center, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
- WG (Bill) Hefner VA Medical Center, Salisbury, NC
| | - Nigel S. Key
- Division of Hematology and UNC Blood Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Visniauskas B, Perry JC, Gomes GN, Nogueira-Pedro A, Paredes-Gamero EJ, Tufik S, Chagas JR. Intermittent hypoxia changes the interaction of the kinin-VEGF system and impairs myocardial angiogenesis in the hypertrophic heart. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14863. [PMID: 33991464 PMCID: PMC8123545 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Intermittent hypoxia (IH) is a feature of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), a condition highly associated with hypertension-related cardiovascular diseases. Repeated episodes of IH contribute to imbalance of angiogenic growth factors in the hypertrophic heart, which is key in the progression of cardiovascular complications. In particular, the interaction between vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and the kallikrein-kinin system (KKS) is essential for promoting angiogenesis. However, researchers have yet to investigate experimental models of IH that reproduce OSA, myocardial angiogenesis, and expression of KKS components. We examined temporal changes in cardiac angiogenesis in a mouse IH model. Adult male C57BI/6 J mice were implanted with Matrigel plugs and subjected to IH for 1-5 weeks with subsequent weekly histological evaluation of vascularization. Expression of VEGF and KKS components was also evaluated. After 3 weeks, in vivo myocardial angiogenesis and capillary density were decreased, accompanied by a late increase of VEGF and its type 2 receptor. Furthermore, IH increased left ventricular myocardium expression of the B2 bradykinin receptor, while reducing mRNA levels of B1 receptor. These results suggest that in IH, an unexpected response of the VEGF and KKS systems could explain the reduced capillary density and impaired angiogenesis in the hypoxic heart, with potential implications in hypertrophic heart malfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Visniauskas
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana C Perry
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Guiomar N Gomes
- Departmento de Fisiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | | - Sergio Tufik
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jair R Chagas
- Departamento de Psicobiologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
BDKRB2 is a novel EMT-related biomarker and predicts poor survival in glioma. Aging (Albany NY) 2021; 13:7499-7516. [PMID: 33686021 PMCID: PMC7993731 DOI: 10.18632/aging.202614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Bradykinin receptor B2 (BDKRB2) has been reported as an oncogene in several malignancies. In glioma, the role of BDKRB2 remains unknown. This study aimed at investigating its clinical significance and biological function in glioma at the transcriptional level. We selected 301 glioma patients with microarray data from CGGA database and 697 with RNAseq data from TCGA database. Transcriptome and clinical data of 998 samples were analyzed. Statistical analysis and figure generating were performed with R language. BDKRB2 expression showed a positive correlation with the WHO grade of glioma. BDKRB2 was increased in IDH wildtype and mesenchymal subtype of glioma. Gene ontology analysis demonstrated that BDKRB2 was profoundly associated with extracellular matrix organization in glioma. GSEA analysis revealed that BDKRB2 was particularly correlated with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). GSVA analysis showed that BDKRB2 was significantly paralleled with several EMT signaling pathways, including PI3K/AKT, hypoxia, and TGF-β. Moreover, BDKRB2 expression was significantly correlated with key biomarkers of EMT, especially with N-cadherin, snail, slug, vimentin, TWIST1, and TWIST2. Finally, higher BDKRB2 indicated significantly shorter survival for glioma patients. In conclusion, BDKRB2 was associated with more aggressive phenotypes of gliomas. Furthermore, BDKRB2 was involved in the EMT process and could serve as an independent prognosticator in glioma.
Collapse
|
9
|
Baradaran H, Eisenmenger LB, Hinckley PJ, de Havenon AH, Stoddard GJ, Treiman LS, Treiman GS, Parker DL, Scott McNally J. Optimal Carotid Plaque Features on Computed Tomography Angiography Associated With Ischemic Stroke. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e019462. [PMID: 33586471 PMCID: PMC8174260 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.019462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background Stenosis has historically been the major factor used to determine carotid stroke sources. Recent evidence suggests that specific plaque features detected on imaging may be more highly associated with ischemic stroke than stenosis. We sought to determine computed tomography angiography (CTA) imaging features of carotid plaque that optimally discriminate ipsilateral stroke sources. Methods and Results In this institutional review board-approved retrospective cross-sectional study, 494 ipsilateral carotid CTA-brain magnetic resonance imaging pairs were available for analysis after excluding patients with alternative stroke sources. Carotid CTA and clinical markers were recorded, a multivariable Poisson regression model was fitted, and backward elimination was performed with a 2-sided threshold of P<0.10. Discriminatory value was determined using receiver operating characteristic analysis, area under the curve, and bootstrap validation. The final CTA carotid-source stroke prediction model included intraluminal thrombus (prevalence ratio, 2.8 [P<0.001]; 95% CI, 1.6-4.9), maximum soft plaque thickness (prevalence ratio, 1.2 [P<0.001]; 95% CI, 1.1-1.4), and the rim sign (prevalence ratio, 2.0 [P=0.007]; 95% CI, 1.2-3.3). The final discriminatory value (area under the curve=78.3%) was higher than intraluminal thrombus (56.4%, P<0.001), maximum soft plaque thickness (76.4%, P=0.007), or rim sign alone (69.9%, P=0.001). Furthermore, NASCET (North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial) stenosis categories (cutoffs of 50% and 70%) had lower stroke discrimination (area under the curve=67.4%, P<0.001). Conclusions Optimal discrimination of ipsilateral carotid sources of stroke requires information on intraluminal thrombus, maximum soft plaque thickness, and the rim sign. These results argue against the sole use of carotid stenosis to determine stroke sources on CTA, and instead suggest these alternative markers may better diagnose vulnerable carotid plaque and guide treatment decisions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hediyeh Baradaran
- Department of RadiologyUtah Center for Advanced Imaging ResearchSalt Lake CityUT
| | - Laura B. Eisenmenger
- Department of RadiologyUtah Center for Advanced Imaging ResearchSalt Lake CityUT
| | - Peter J. Hinckley
- Department of RadiologyUtah Center for Advanced Imaging ResearchSalt Lake CityUT
| | | | | | - Lauren S. Treiman
- Department of RadiologyUtah Center for Advanced Imaging ResearchSalt Lake CityUT
| | - Gerald S. Treiman
- Department of RadiologyUtah Center for Advanced Imaging ResearchSalt Lake CityUT
| | - Dennis L. Parker
- Department of RadiologyUtah Center for Advanced Imaging ResearchSalt Lake CityUT
| | - Joseph Scott McNally
- Department of RadiologyUtah Center for Advanced Imaging ResearchSalt Lake CityUT
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gagnon M, Savard M, Jacques JF, Bkaily G, Geha S, Roucou X, Gobeil F. Potentiation of B2 receptor signaling by AltB2R, a newly identified alternative protein encoded in the human bradykinin B2 receptor gene. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100329. [PMID: 33497625 PMCID: PMC7949122 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent functional and proteomic studies in eukaryotes (www.openprot.org) predict the translation of alternative open reading frames (AltORFs) in mature G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) mRNAs, including that of bradykinin B2 receptor (B2R). Our main objective was to determine the implication of a newly discovered AltORF resulting protein, termed AltB2R, in the known signaling properties of B2R using complementary methodological approaches. When ectopically expressed in HeLa cells, AltB2R presented predominant punctate cytoplasmic/perinuclear distribution and apparent cointeraction with B2R at plasma and endosomal/vesicular membranes. The presence of AltB2R increases intracellular [Ca2+] and ERK1/2-MAPK activation (via phosphorylation) following B2R stimulation. Moreover, HEK293A cells expressing mutant B2R lacking concomitant expression of AltB2R displayed significantly decreased maximal responses in agonist-stimulated Gαq-Gαi2/3-protein coupling, IP3 generation, and ERK1/2-MAPK activation as compared with wild-type controls. Conversely, there was no difference in cell-surface density as well as ligand-binding properties of B2R and in efficiencies of cognate agonists at promoting B2R internalization and β-arrestin 2 recruitment. Importantly, both AltB2R and B2R proteins were overexpressed in prostate and breast cancers, compared with their normal counterparts suggesting new associative roles of AltB2R in these diseases. Our study shows that BDKRB2 is a dual-coding gene and identifies AltB2R as a novel positive modulator of some B2R signaling pathways. More broadly, it also supports a new, unexpected alternative proteome for GPCRs, which opens new frontiers in fields of GPCR biology, diseases, and drug discovery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maxime Gagnon
- Department of Biochemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada; Institute of Pharmacology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Martin Savard
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada; Institute of Pharmacology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Jean-François Jacques
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Ghassan Bkaily
- Department of Immunology & Cellular Biology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Sameh Geha
- Department of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Xavier Roucou
- Department of Biochemistry, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada; Institute of Pharmacology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada.
| | - Fernand Gobeil
- Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada; Institute of Pharmacology, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hamid S, Rhaleb IA, Kassem KM, Rhaleb NE. Role of Kinins in Hypertension and Heart Failure. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2020; 13:E347. [PMID: 33126450 PMCID: PMC7692223 DOI: 10.3390/ph13110347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The kallikrein-kinin system (KKS) is proposed to act as a counter regulatory system against the vasopressor hormonal systems such as the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), aldosterone, and catecholamines. Evidence exists that supports the idea that the KKS is not only critical to blood pressure but may also oppose target organ damage. Kinins are generated from kininogens by tissue and plasma kallikreins. The putative role of kinins in the pathogenesis of hypertension is discussed based on human mutation cases on the KKS or rats with spontaneous mutation in the kininogen gene sequence and mouse models in which the gene expressing only one of the components of the KKS has been deleted or over-expressed. Some of the effects of kinins are mediated via activation of the B2 and/or B1 receptor and downstream signaling such as eicosanoids, nitric oxide (NO), endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor (EDHF) and/or tissue plasminogen activator (T-PA). The role of kinins in blood pressure regulation at normal or under hypertension conditions remains debatable due to contradictory reports from various laboratories. Nevertheless, published reports are consistent on the protective and mediating roles of kinins against ischemia and cardiac preconditioning; reports also demonstrate the roles of kinins in the cardiovascular protective effects of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) and angiotensin type 1 receptor blockers (ARBs).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suhail Hamid
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (S.H.); (I.A.R.)
| | - Imane A. Rhaleb
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (S.H.); (I.A.R.)
| | - Kamal M. Kassem
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Louisville Medical Center, Louisville, KY 40202, USA;
| | - Nour-Eddine Rhaleb
- Hypertension and Vascular Research Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Henry Ford Hospital, Detroit, MI 48202, USA; (S.H.); (I.A.R.)
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ustaoğlu G, Erdal E, Karaş Z. Influence of different anti-hypertensive drugs on gingival overgrowth: A cross-sectional study in a Turkish population. Oral Dis 2020; 27:1313-1319. [PMID: 32991012 DOI: 10.1111/odi.13655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the occurrence rate of drug-induced gingival overgrowth (DIGO) in patients treated with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), and calcium channel blockers (CCBs) such as amlodipine, lercanidipine, and benidipine, as well as to assess the relationship of those mentioned above with medication variables and oral hygiene. METHODS Sociodemographic details, DIGO, and clinical periodontal parameters were obtained from one hundred and thirty-one patients receiving ACE inhibitors, ARBs, and CCBs for a period of at least 2 years. RESULTS The occurrence rate of DIGO was 19.6% in patients using CCB, 12.5% in the ARB group, and 7.5% in the ACE inhibitor group. In a subgroup analysis of CCBs, DIGO was found to be 31.8% in the amlodipine group, 13.3% in the lercanidipine group, and 7.1% in the benidipine group. While there was a significant relationship between amlodipine drug dosage and DIGO, no association was found between the duration of therapy and DIGO in all CCB subgroups. CONCLUSION There was no difference between the groups in terms of DIGO. Duration of therapy and drug dosage did not affect the severity of DIGO in both ACE inhibitors and ARB groups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gülbahar Ustaoğlu
- Department of Periodontology, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Emrah Erdal
- Department of Cardiology, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Karaş
- Department of Periodontology, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ma M, Wan X, Gao M, Pan B, Chen D, Sun Q, Zhang M, Zhou C, Li T, Pan H, Shao W, Liu Z, Chen Y, Cao C. Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system blockade is associated with higher risk of contrast-induced acute kidney injury in patients with diabetes. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:5858-5877. [PMID: 32241961 PMCID: PMC7185147 DOI: 10.18632/aging.102982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
As the incidence of diabetes and cardiovascular comorbidities continues to rise, driven by increased prevalence of obesity and an aging population, so does the demand for percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) to restore cardiac blood flow. Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitors are commonly prescribed to hypertensive diabetic patients to prevent diabetic nephropathy. However, evidence suggests that angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) may increase the risk of contrast-induced acute kidney injury (CIAKI) following coronary angiography (CAG) and PCI. We therefore conducted a retrospective, multicenter study applying the propensity score matching method to evaluate the impact of RAAS inhibition on CIAKI in diabetic patients undergoing CAG/PCI. Among 2240 subjects that met the inclusion criteria, 704 patients in the ACEIs/ARBs group were successfully matched to eligible control patients. The incidence of CIAKI (serum creatinine increase ≥0.5 mg/dl or ≥25% from baseline within 72 h post-CAG/PCI) was significantly higher in the ACEIs/ARBs group than in the control group (26.6% vs. 16.2%, P<0.001). However, control patients showed increased risk of overall adverse cardiovascular events (4.1% vs. 1.8% for ACEIs/ARBs; P=0.016). These data indicate that RAAS inhibition increases the risk of CIAKI in diabetic patients, but confers protection against early cardiovascular events.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengqing Ma
- Department of Nephrology, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xin Wan
- Department of Nephrology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Min Gao
- Department of Nephrology, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Binbin Pan
- Department of Nephrology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dawei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qing Sun
- Department of Nephrology, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mengyu Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Xu Zhou Medical University Hospital, Xuzhou 221000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Changgao Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Shu Yang Hospital, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shuyang 223600, Jiangsu, China
| | - Tao Li
- Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Shu Yang Hospital, Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shuyang 223600, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hanchao Pan
- Department of Nephrology, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wei Shao
- Department of Nephrology, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhihe Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Changchun Cao
- Department of Nephrology, Sir Run Run Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Minville V, Mouledous L, Jaafar A, Couture R, Brouchet A, Frances B, Tack I, Girolami JP. Tibial post fracture pain is reduced in kinin receptors deficient mice and blunted by kinin receptor antagonists. J Transl Med 2019; 17:346. [PMID: 31640792 PMCID: PMC6805420 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-019-2095-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tibial fracture is associated with inflammatory reaction leading to severe pain syndrome. Bradykinin receptor activation is involved in inflammatory reactions, but has never been investigated in fracture pain. METHODS This study aims at defining the role of B1 and B2-kinin receptors (B1R and B2R) in a closed tibial fracture pain model by using knockout mice for B1R (B1KO) or B2R (B2KO) and wild-type (WT) mice treated with antagonists for B1R (SSR 240612 and R954) and B2R (HOE140) or vehicle. A cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitor (ketoprofen) and an antagonist (SB366791) of Transient Receptor Potential Vaniloid1 (TRPV1) were also investigated since these pathways are associated with BK-induced pain in other models. The impact on mechanical and thermal hyperalgesia and locomotion was assessed by behavior tests. Gene expression of B1R and B2R and spinal cord expression of c-Fos were measured by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively. RESULTS B1KO and B2KO mice demonstrated a reduction in post-fracture pain sensitivity compared to WT mice that was associated with decreased c-Fos expression in the ipsilateral spinal dorsal horn in B2KO. B1R and B2R mRNA and protein levels were markedly enhanced at the fracture site. B1R and B2R antagonists and inhibition of COX and TRPV1 pathways reduced pain in WT. However, the analgesic effect of the COX-1/COX-2 inhibitor disappeared in B1KO and B2KO. In contrast, the analgesic effect of the TRPV1 antagonist persisted after gene deletion of either receptor. CONCLUSIONS It is suggested that B1R and B2R activation contributes significantly to tibial fracture pain through COX. Hence, B1R and B2R antagonists appear potential therapeutic agents to manage post fracture pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Minville
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France. .,INSERM U 1048, I2MC, BP 84225, 31432, Toulouse Cedex, France. .,Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care, Rangueil University Hospital, Avenue, Jean Poulhès, Toulouse, France.
| | - Lionel Mouledous
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale, CNRS UMR 5169, Université P Sabatier, bat 4R3, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Acil Jaafar
- CHU de Toulouse, Service d'Explorations physiologiques rénales, 31059, Toulouse cedex, France
| | - Réjean Couture
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Anne Brouchet
- Department of Pathology, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Bernard Frances
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition Animale, CNRS UMR 5169, Université P Sabatier, bat 4R3, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062, Toulouse Cedex, France
| | - Ivan Tack
- INSERM U 1048, I2MC, BP 84225, 31432, Toulouse Cedex, France.,CHU de Toulouse, Service d'Explorations physiologiques rénales, 31059, Toulouse cedex, France
| | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kisling A, Katwa LC. Pro-remodeling peptides modulate collagen α1(I) promoter activity in rat cardiac myofibroblasts. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 515:693-698. [PMID: 31186140 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have extensively demonstrated the effect of endothelin-1 (ET-1), angiotensin II (Ang II), and TGF-β1 on the stimulation of collagen type I expression in cardiac myofibroblasts. However, the role of pro-remodeling peptides in the transcriptional regulation of the collagen promoter remains unclear. Thus, the purpose of this study was to investigate the net regulatory effects of pro-remodeling peptides on collagen type I promoter activity. Constructs of various lengths (300 bp, 1.1 kbp, 1.7 kbp, 2.3 kbp and 3.5 kbp) of the rat collagen α1(I) promoter were transfected into cardiac myofibroblasts in vitro and promoter activity was measured using chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) assays. Reduced promoter activity occurred across all treatments in myofibroblasts transfected with the 1.7 kbp construct. ET-1 was unable to increase promoter activity with constructs 300, 1.1, and 1.7 kbp, but induced promoter activity in cells with the 2.3 kbp construct. Additionally, while a combination of pro-remodeling peptides induced promoter activity across constructs, the resultant increase in the 2.3 and 3.5 kbp constructs were comparable to that observed from ET-1 treatment alone. Lastly, cells transfected with the entire promoter sequence had the lowest promoter activity. This data suggests that the collagen promoter is tightly regulated and that pro-remodeling factors produce an overall net effect on collagen expression, rather than additive.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Kisling
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA
| | - Laxmansa C Katwa
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, 27834, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Arichi S, Sasaki-Hamada S, Kadoya Y, Ogata M, Ishibashi H. Excitatory effect of bradykinin on intrinsic neurons of the rat heart. Neuropeptides 2019; 75:65-74. [PMID: 31047706 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2019.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
The heart receives sympathetic and parasympathetic innervation through the intrinsic cardiac nervous system. Although bradykinin (BK) has negative inotropic and chronotropic properties of cardiac contraction, the direct effect of BK on the intrinsic neural network of the heart is still unclear. In the present study, the effect of BK on the intracardiac ganglion neurons isolated from rats was investigated using the perforated patch-clamp technique. Under current-clamp conditions, application of 0.1 μM BK depolarized the membrane, accompanied by repetitive firing of action potentials. When BK was applied repeatedly, the second responses were considerably less intense than the first application. The BK action was fully inhibited by the B2 receptor antagonist Hoe-140, but not by the B1 receptor antagonist des-Arg9-[Leu8]-BK. The BK response was mimicked by the B2 agonist [Hyp3]-BK. The BK-induced depolarization was inhibited by the phospholipase C inhibitor U-73122. BK evoked inward currents under voltage-clamp conditions at a holding potential of -60 mV. Removal of extracellular Ca2+ markedly increased the BK-induced currents, suggesting an involvement of Ca2+-permeable non-selective cation channels. The muscarinic agonist oxotremorine-M (OxoM) also elicited the extracellular Ca2+-sensitive cationic currents. The OxoM response did not exhibit rundown with repeated agonist application. The amplitude of current evoked by 1 μM OxoM was comparable to that induced by 0.1 μM BK. Co-application of 0.1 μM BK and 1 μM OxoM elicited the current whose peak amplitude was almost the same as that elicited by OxoM alone, suggesting that BK and OxoM activate same cation channels. BK also reduced the amplitude of M-current, while the M-current inhibitor XE-991 affected neither resting membrane potential nor the BK-induced depolarization. From these results, we suggest that BK regulates excitability of intrinsic cardiac neurons by both an activation of non-selective cation channels and an inhibition of M-type K+ channels through B2 receptors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shiho Arichi
- Department of Physiology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara 252-0373, Japan; Department of Brain Science, Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Sagamihara 252-0373, Japan
| | - Sachie Sasaki-Hamada
- Department of Physiology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara 252-0373, Japan
| | - Yuichi Kadoya
- Department of Anatomical Science, School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara 252-0373, Japan
| | - Masanori Ogata
- Department of Physiology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara 252-0373, Japan; Department of Brain Science, Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Sagamihara 252-0373, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Ishibashi
- Department of Physiology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara 252-0373, Japan; Department of Brain Science, Kitasato University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Sagamihara 252-0373, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Anton EL, Fernandes D, Assreuy J, da Silva-Santos JE. Bradykinin increases BP in endotoxemic rat: functional and biochemical evidence of angiotensin II AT 1 /bradykinin B 2 receptor heterodimerization. Br J Pharmacol 2019; 176:2608-2626. [PMID: 30945263 DOI: 10.1111/bph.14685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Bradykinin may induce vasoconstriction in selected vessels or under specific experimental conditions. We hypothesized that inflammatory stimuli, such as endotoxin challenge, may induce the dimerization of AT1 /B2 receptors, altering the vascular effects of bradykinin. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Wistar rats received LPS (1 mg·kg-1 , i.p.) and were anaesthetized for assessment of BP. Mesenteric resistance arteries were used in organ baths and subjected to co-immunoprecipitation and Western blot analyses. KEY RESULTS At 24 and 48 hr after LPS, bradykinin-induced hypotension was followed by a sustained increase in BP, which was not found in non-endotoxemic animals. The B2 receptor antagonist Hoe-140 fully blocked the responses to bradykinin. The pressor effect of bradykinin was not prevented by prazosin, an α1 -adrenoceptor antagonist, but it was inhibited by the AT1 receptor antagonist losartan or the Rho-kinase inhibitor Y-27632. Endotoxemic rats also displayed enhanced pressor responses to angiotensin II, which were blocked by Hoe-140. Co-immunoprecipitation isolated using anti-B2 or anti-AT1 receptor antibodies showed that resistance arteries presented augmented levels of the AT1 /B2 receptor complexes at 24 hr after LPS injection. The presence of AT1 /B2 receptor heterodimers did correlate with the development of losartan-sensitive contractile responses to bradykinin and potentiation of angiotensin II-induced contraction, which was prevented by Hoe-140. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Endotoxin challenge is a stimulus for AT1 /B2 receptor heterodimerization in native vessels and shifts the B2 receptor-dependent vascular effect of bradykinin to a more complex pathway, which also depends on AT1 receptors and their intracellular signalling pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elaine Leocádia Anton
- Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Cardiovascular Biology, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Daniel Fernandes
- Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Cardiovascular Biology, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Jamil Assreuy
- Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Cardiovascular Biology, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - José Eduardo da Silva-Santos
- Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Cardiovascular Biology, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Alexander-Curtis M, Pauls R, Chao J, Volpi JJ, Bath PM, Verdoorn TA. Human tissue kallikrein in the treatment of acute ischemic stroke. Ther Adv Neurol Disord 2019; 12:1756286418821918. [PMID: 30719079 PMCID: PMC6348491 DOI: 10.1177/1756286418821918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute ischemic stroke (AIS) remains a major cause of death and disability throughout the world. The most severe form of stroke results from large vessel occlusion of the major branches of the Circle of Willis. The treatment strategies currently available in western countries for large vessel occlusion involve rapid restoration of blood flow through removal of the offending blood clot using mechanical or pharmacological means (e.g. tissue plasma activator; tPA). This review assesses prospects for a novel pharmacological approach to enhance the availability of the natural enzyme tissue kallikrein (KLK1), an important regulator of local blood flow. KLK1 is responsible for the generation of kinins (bradykinin and kallidin), which promote local vasodilation and long-term vascularization. Moreover, KLK1 has been used clinically as a direct treatment for multiple diseases associated with impaired local blood flow including AIS. A form of human KLK1 isolated from human urine is approved in the People's Republic of China for subacute treatment of AIS. Here we review the rationale for using KLK1 as an additional pharmacological treatment for AIS by providing the biochemical mechanism as well as the human clinical data that support this approach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Rick Pauls
- DiaMedica Therapeutics, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Julie Chao
- Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - John J Volpi
- Houston Methodist, Stanley H. Appel Department of Neurology, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Philip M Bath
- Stroke Trials Unit, University of Nottingham, City Hospital Campus, Nottingham, UK
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Adeghate J, Rahmatnejad K, Waisbourd M, Katz LJ. Intraocular pressure-independent management of normal tension glaucoma. Surv Ophthalmol 2018; 64:101-110. [PMID: 30300625 DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Revised: 08/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Adeghate
- Wills Eye Hospital, Glaucoma Research Department, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Weill Cornell Medical College, Department of Ophthalmology, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kamran Rahmatnejad
- Wills Eye Hospital, Glaucoma Research Department, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Michael Waisbourd
- Wills Eye Hospital, Glaucoma Research Department, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Thomas Jefferson University, Department of Ophthalmology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Tel-Aviv University Medical Center, Glaucoma Research Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - L Jay Katz
- Wills Eye Hospital, Glaucoma Research Department, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Thomas Jefferson University, Department of Ophthalmology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Devetzi M, Goulielmaki M, Khoury N, Spandidos DA, Sotiropoulou G, Christodoulou I, Zoumpourlis V. Genetically‑modified stem cells in treatment of human diseases: Tissue kallikrein (KLK1)‑based targeted therapy (Review). Int J Mol Med 2018; 41:1177-1186. [PMID: 29328364 PMCID: PMC5819898 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.3361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The tissue kallikrein-kinin system (KKS) is an endogenous multiprotein metabolic cascade which is implicated in the homeostasis of the cardiovascular, renal and central nervous system. Human tissue kallikrein (KLK1) is a serine protease, component of the KKS that has been demonstrated to exert pleiotropic beneficial effects in protection from tissue injury through its anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, anti-fibrotic and anti-oxidative actions. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) or endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) constitute populations of well-characterized, readily obtainable multipotent cells with special immunomodulatory, migratory and paracrine properties rendering them appealing potential therapeutics in experimental animal models of various diseases. Genetic modification enhances their inherent properties. MSCs or EPCs are competent cellular vehicles for drug and/or gene delivery in the targeted treatment of diseases. KLK1 gene delivery using adenoviral vectors or KLK1 protein infusion into injured tissues of animal models has provided particularly encouraging results in attenuating or reversing myocardial, renal and cerebrovascular ischemic phenotype and tissue damage, thus paving the way for the administration of genetically modified MSCs or EPCs with the human tissue KLK1 gene. Engraftment of KLK1-modified MSCs and/or KLK1-modified EPCs resulted in advanced beneficial outcome regarding heart and kidney protection and recovery from ischemic insults. Collectively, findings from pre-clinical studies raise the possibility that tissue KLK1 may be a novel future therapeutic target in the treatment of a wide range of cardiovascular, cerebrovascular and renal disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marina Devetzi
- Biomedical Applications Unit, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Goulielmaki
- Biomedical Applications Unit, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Nicolas Khoury
- Biomedical Applications Unit, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Demetrios A Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | | | - Ioannis Christodoulou
- Biomedical Applications Unit, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Vassilis Zoumpourlis
- Biomedical Applications Unit, Institute of Biology, Medicinal Chemistry and Biotechnology, National Hellenic Research Foundation, 11635 Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Brailoiu E, McGuire M, Shuler SA, Deliu E, Barr JL, Abood ME, Brailoiu GC. Modulation of cardiac vagal tone by bradykinin acting on nucleus ambiguus. Neuroscience 2017; 365:23-32. [PMID: 28951324 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Bradykinin (BK), a component of the kallikrein-kininogen-kinin system exerts multiple effects via B1 and B2 receptor activation. In the cardiovascular system, bradykinin has cardioprotective and vasodilator properties. We investigated the effect of BK on cardiac-projecting neurons of nucleus ambiguus, a key site for the parasympathetic cardiac regulation. BK produced a dose-dependent increase in cytosolic Ca2+ concentration. Pretreatment with HOE140, a B2 receptor antagonist, but not with R715, a B1 receptor antagonist, abolished the response to BK. A selective B2 receptor agonist, but not a B1 receptor agonist, elicited an increase in cytosolic Ca2+ similarly to BK. Inhibition of N-type voltage-gated Ca2+ channels with ω-conotoxin GVIA had no effect on the Ca2+ signal produced by BK, while pretreatment with ω-conotoxin MVIIC, a blocker of P/Q-type of Ca2+ channels, significantly diminished the effect of BK. Pretreatment with xestospongin C and 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate, antagonists of inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors, abolished the response to BK. Inhibition of ryanodine receptors reduced the BK-induced Ca2+ increase, while disruption of lysosomal Ca2+ stores with bafilomycin A1 did not affect the response. BK produced a dose-dependent depolarization of nucleus ambiguus neurons, which was prevented by the B2 receptor antagonist. In vivo studies indicate that microinjection of BK into nucleus ambiguus elicited bradycardia in conscious rats via B2 receptors. In summary, in cardiac vagal neurons of nucleus ambiguus, BK activates B2 receptors promoting Ca2+ influx and Ca2+ release from endoplasmic reticulum, and membrane depolarization; these effects are translated in vivo by bradycardia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eugen Brailoiu
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States
| | - Matthew McGuire
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jefferson College of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States
| | - Shadaria A Shuler
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jefferson College of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States
| | - Elena Deliu
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States
| | - Jeffrey L Barr
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States
| | - Mary E Abood
- Center for Substance Abuse Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States
| | - G Cristina Brailoiu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jefferson College of Pharmacy, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Jacques D, Abdel-Karim Abdel-Malak N, Abou Abdallah N, Al-Khoury J, Bkaily G. Difference in the response to angiotensin II between left and right ventricular endocardial endothelial cells. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 95:1271-1282. [PMID: 28727938 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2017-0280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies focused on the right ventricular endocardial endothelial cells (EECRs) and showed that angiotensin II (Ang II) induced increase in cytosolic and nuclear calcium via AT1 receptor activation. In the present study, we verified whether the response of left EECs (EECLs) to Ang II is different than that of EECRs. Our results showed that the EC50 of the Ang II-induced increase of cytosolic and nuclear calcium in EECLs was 10× higher (around 2 × 10-13 mol/L) than in EECRs (around 8 × 10-12 mol/L). The densities of both AT1 and AT2 receptors were also higher in EECLs than those previously reported in EECRs. The effect of Ang II was mediated in both cell types via the activation of AT1 receptors. Treatment with Ang II induced a significant increase of cytosolic and nuclear AT1 receptors in EECRs, whereas the opposite was found in EECLs. In both cell types, there was a transient increase of cytosolic and nuclear AT2 receptors following the Ang II treatment. In conclusion, our results showed that both AT1 and AT2 receptors densities are higher in both EECLs compared to what was reported in EECRs. The higher density of AT1 receptors in EECLs compared to REECs may explain, in part, the higher sensitivity of EECLs to Ang II.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Jacques
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Nelly Abdel-Karim Abdel-Malak
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Nadia Abou Abdallah
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Johny Al-Khoury
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| | - Ghassan Bkaily
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Sang H, Qiu Z, Cai J, Lan W, Yu L, Zhang H, Li M, Xie Y, Guo R, Ye R, Liu X, Liu L, Zhang R. Early Increased Bradykinin 1 Receptor Contributes to Hemorrhagic Transformation After Ischemic Stroke in Type 1 Diabetic Rats. Transl Stroke Res 2017; 8:597-611. [DOI: 10.1007/s12975-017-0552-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
24
|
Mesquita TRR, Campos-Mota GP, Lemos VS, Cruz JS, de Jesus ICG, Camargo EA, Pesquero JL, Pesquero JB, Capettini LDSA, Lauton-Santos S. Vascular Kinin B 1 and B 2 Receptors Determine Endothelial Dysfunction through Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase. Front Physiol 2017; 8:228. [PMID: 28503149 PMCID: PMC5408093 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
B1- and B2-kinin receptors are G protein-coupled receptors that play an important role in the vascular function. Therefore, the present study was designed to evaluate the participation of kinin receptors in the acetylcholine (ACh)-induced vascular relaxation, focusing on the protein-protein interaction involving kinin receptors with endothelial and neuronal nitric oxide synthases (eNOS and nNOS). Vascular reactivity, nitric oxide (NO·) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, co-immunoprecipitation were assessed in thoracic aorta from male wild-type (WT), B1- (B1R−/−), B2- (B2R−/−) knockout mice. Some vascular reactivity experiments were also performed in a double kinin receptors knockout mice (B1B2R−/−). For pharmacological studies, selective B1- and B2-kinin receptors antagonists, NOS inhibitors and superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimetic were used. First, we show that B1- and B2-kinin receptors form heteromers with nNOS and eNOS in thoracic aorta. To investigate the functionality of these protein-protein interactions, we took advantage of pharmacological tools and knockout mice. Importantly, our results show that kinin receptors regulate ACh-induced relaxation via nNOS signaling in thoracic aorta with no changes in NO· donor-induced relaxation. Interestingly, B1B2R−/− presented similar level of vascular dysfunction as found in B1R−/− or B2R−/− mice. In accordance, aortic rings from B1R−/− or B2R−/− mice exhibit decreased NO· bioavailability and increased superoxide generation compared to WT mice, suggesting the involvement of excessive ROS generation in the endothelial dysfunction of B1R−/− and B2R−/− mice. Alongside, we show that impaired endothelial vasorelaxation induced by ACh in B1R−/− or B2R−/− mice was rescued by the SOD mimetic compound. Taken together, our findings show that B1- and B2-kinin receptors regulate the endothelium-dependent vasodilation of ACh through nNOS activity and indicate that molecular disturbance of short-range interaction between B1- and B2-kinin receptors with nNOS might be involved in the oxidative pathogenesis of endothelial dysfunction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gianne P Campos-Mota
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas GeraisBelo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Virgínia S Lemos
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas GeraisBelo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Jader S Cruz
- Department of Biochemistry and Immunology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas GeraisBelo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Itamar C G de Jesus
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas GeraisBelo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Enilton A Camargo
- Department of Physiology, Federal University of SergipeSão Cristóvão, Brazil
| | - Jorge L Pesquero
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Minas GeraisBelo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - João B Pesquero
- Department of Biophysics, Federal University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Regoli D, Gobeil F. Kallikrein-kinin system as the dominant mechanism to counteract hyperactive renin-angiotensin system. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 2017; 95:1117-1124. [PMID: 28384411 DOI: 10.1139/cjpp-2016-0619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The renin-angiotensin system (RAS) generates, maintains, and makes worse hypertension and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) through its biologically active component angiotensin II (Ang II), that causes vasoconstriction, sodium retention, and structural alterations of the heart and the arteries. A few endogenous vasodilators, kinins, natriuretic peptides, and possibly angiotensin (1-7), exert opposite actions and may provide useful therapeutic agents. As endothelial autacoids, the kinins are potent vasodilators, active natriuretics, and protectors of the endothelium. Indeed, the kallikrein-kinin system (KKS) is considered the dominant mechanism for counteracting the detrimental effects of the hyperactive RAS. The 2 systems, RAS and KKS, are controlled by the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) that generates Ang II and inactivates the kinins. Inhibitors of ACE can reduce the impact of Ang II and potentiate the kinins, thus contributing to restore the cardiovascular homeostasis. In the last 20 years, ACE-inhibitors (ACE-Is) have become the drugs of first choice for the treatments of the major CVDs. ACE-Is not only reduce blood pressure, as sartans also do, but by protecting and potentiating the kinins, they can reduce morbidity and mortality and improve the quality of life for patients with CVDs. This paper provides a brief review of the literature on this topic.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Regoli
- a Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Fernand Gobeil
- b Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, QC J1H 5N4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Chen YT, Wang J, Tong KS, Wong LL, Liew OW, Richards AM. The association of heart failure-related microRNAs with neurohormonal signaling. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:2031-2040. [PMID: 28065846 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2016.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is a widely prevalent syndrome imposing a significant burden of morbidity and mortality world-wide. Differential circulating microRNA profiles observed in HF cohorts suggest the diagnostic utility of microRNAs as biomarkers. Given their function in fine tuning gene expression, alternations in microRNA landscape could reflecting the underlying mechanisms of disease and present potential therapeutic targets. Using multiple computational target predicting algorithms together with the luciferase-based reporting platform, the interactions between HF-related microRNAs and the 3' untranslated regions (3'UTRs) of neurohormone associated genes were examined and compared. Our results indicate that although in silico prediction provides an overview of possible microRNA-mRNA target pairs, less than half of the predicted interactions were experimentally confirmed by reporter assays in HeLa cells. Thus, the establishment of microRNA/3'UTR reporters is essential to systemically evaluate the roles of microRNAs for signaling cascades of interest, including cardiovascular neurohormonal signaling. The physiological relevance of HF-related microRNAs on the expression of putative gene targets was further established by using gain-of-function assays in two human cardiac-derived cells. Our findings, for the first time, provide direct evidence of the regulatory effects of HF-related microRNAs on the neurohormonal signaling in cardiac cells. More importantly, our study presents a rational approach to further exploring microRNA profiling data in deciphering the role of microRNA in complex syndromes such as HF. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Genetic and epigenetic control of heart failure - edited by Jun Ren & Megan Yingmei Zhang.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yei-Tsung Chen
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, #08-01, MD6 Centre for Translational Medicine, 14 Medical Drive, 117599, Singapore.
| | - Juan Wang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, #08-01, MD6 Centre for Translational Medicine, 14 Medical Drive, 117599, Singapore.
| | - Kai Sing Tong
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, #08-01, MD6 Centre for Translational Medicine, 14 Medical Drive, 117599, Singapore.
| | - Lee Lee Wong
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, #08-01, MD6 Centre for Translational Medicine, 14 Medical Drive, 117599, Singapore.
| | - Oi Wah Liew
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, #08-01, MD6 Centre for Translational Medicine, 14 Medical Drive, 117599, Singapore.
| | - Arthur Mark Richards
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, #08-01, MD6 Centre for Translational Medicine, 14 Medical Drive, 117599, Singapore; Cardiac Department, National University Health System, Tower Block Level 9, 1E Kent Ridge Road, 119228, Singapore; Christchurch Heart Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Otago, PO Box 4345, Christchurch 8014, New Zealand.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Abstract
Neprilysin has a major role in both the generation and degradation of bioactive peptides. LCZ696 (valsartan/sacubitril, Entresto), the first of the new ARNI (dual-acting angiotensin-receptor-neprilysin inhibitor) drug class, contains equimolar amounts of valsartan, an angiotensin-receptor blocker, and sacubitril, a prodrug for the neprilysin inhibitor LBQ657. LCZ696 reduced blood pressure more than valsartan alone in patients with hypertension. In the PARADIGM-HF study, LCZ696 was superior to the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor enalapril for the treatment of heart failure with reduced ejection fraction, and LCZ696 was approved by the FDA for this purpose in 2015. This approval was the first for chronic neprilysin inhibition. The many peptides metabolized by neprilysin suggest many potential consequences of chronic neprilysin inhibitor therapy, both beneficial and adverse. Moreover, LBQ657 might inhibit enzymes other than neprilysin. Chronic neprilysin inhibition might have an effect on angio-oedema, bronchial reactivity, inflammation, and cancer, and might predispose to polyneuropathy. Additionally, inhibition of neprilysin metabolism of amyloid-β peptides might have an effect on Alzheimer disease, age-related macular degeneration, and cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Much of the evidence for possible adverse consequences of chronic neprilysin inhibition comes from studies in animal models, and the relevance of this evidence to humans is unknown. This Review summarizes current knowledge of neprilysin function and possible consequences of chronic neprilysin inhibition that indicate a need for vigilance in the use of neprilysin inhibitor therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Duncan J Campbell
- St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, 41 Victoria Parade, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia.,University of Melbourne, Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Nicoletti NF, Sénécal J, da Silva VD, Roxo MR, Ferreira NP, de Morais RLT, Pesquero JB, Campos MM, Couture R, Morrone FB. Primary Role for Kinin B1 and B2 Receptors in Glioma Proliferation. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:7869-7882. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0265-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
29
|
Rodrigues M, Barbirato D, Luiz RR, Scharfstein J, Salles GF, Feres-Filho EJ. Effect of antihypertensive therapy with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors on chronic periodontitis: a case-control study. Oral Dis 2016; 22:791-796. [DOI: 10.1111/odi.12551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Rodrigues
- Division of Graduate Periodontics; School of Dentistry; Federal University of Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
| | - D Barbirato
- Division of Graduate Periodontics; School of Dentistry; Federal University of Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
| | - RR Luiz
- Institute for Collective Health Studies; Federal University of Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
| | - J Scharfstein
- Carlos Chagas Filho Institute of Biophysics; Federal University of Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
| | - GF Salles
- School of Medicine; Federal University of Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
| | - EJ Feres-Filho
- Division of Graduate Periodontics; School of Dentistry; Federal University of Rio de Janeiro; Rio de Janeiro RJ Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
McNally JS, Burton TM, Aldred BW, Kim SE, McLaughlin MS, Eisenmenger LB, Stoddard GJ, Majersik JJ, Miller DV, Treiman GS, Parker DL. Vitamin D and Vulnerable Carotid Plaque. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2016; 37:2092-2099. [PMID: 27313129 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a4849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2015] [Accepted: 04/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE MR imaging-detected carotid intraplaque hemorrhage indicates vulnerable plaque with high stroke risk. Angiotensin II stimulates intraplaque hemorrhage in animal models, and the angiotensin system is highly regulated by vitamin D. Our purpose was to determine whether low vitamin D levels predict carotid intraplaque hemorrhage in humans. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this cross-sectional study, 65 patients with carotid disease underwent carotid MR imaging and blood draw. Systemic clinical confounders and local lumen imaging markers were recorded. To determine the association of low vitamin D levels with MR imaging detected intraplaque hemorrhage, we performed multivariable Poisson regression by using generalized estimating equations to account for up to 2 carotid arteries per patient and backward elimination of confounders. MR imaging detected intraplaque hemorrhage volume was also correlated with vitamin D levels and maximum plaque thickness. Thirty-five patients underwent carotid endarterectomy, and histology-detected intraplaque hemorrhage was correlated with vitamin D levels and total plaque area. RESULTS Low vitamin D levels (<30 ng/mL, prevalence ratio = 2.05, P = .03) were a significant predictor of MR imaging detected intraplaque hemorrhage, along with plaque thickness (prevalence ratio = 1.40, P < .001). MR imaging detected intraplaque hemorrhage volume linearly correlated with plaque thickness (partial r = 0.45, P < .001) and low vitamin D levels (partial r = 0.26, P = .003). Additionally, histology-detected intraplaque hemorrhage area linearly correlated with plaque area (partial r = 0.46, P < .001) and low vitamin D levels (partial r = 0.22, P = .03). The association of intraplaque hemorrhage volume with low vitamin D levels was also higher with ischemic stroke. CONCLUSIONS Low vitamin D levels and plaque thickness predict carotid intraplaque hemorrhage and outperform lumen markers of vulnerable plaque. This research demonstrates a significant link between low vitamin D levels and carotid intraplaque hemorrhage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J S McNally
- From the Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Utah Center for Advanced Imaging Research (J.S.M., B.W.A., S.-E.K., M.S.M., L.B.E., D.L.P.)
| | - T M Burton
- Department of Neurology (T.M.B., J.J.M.)
| | - B W Aldred
- From the Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Utah Center for Advanced Imaging Research (J.S.M., B.W.A., S.-E.K., M.S.M., L.B.E., D.L.P.)
| | - S-E Kim
- From the Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Utah Center for Advanced Imaging Research (J.S.M., B.W.A., S.-E.K., M.S.M., L.B.E., D.L.P.)
| | - M S McLaughlin
- From the Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Utah Center for Advanced Imaging Research (J.S.M., B.W.A., S.-E.K., M.S.M., L.B.E., D.L.P.)
| | - L B Eisenmenger
- From the Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Utah Center for Advanced Imaging Research (J.S.M., B.W.A., S.-E.K., M.S.M., L.B.E., D.L.P.)
| | - G J Stoddard
- Department of Orthopedics, Study Design and Biostatistics Center (G.J.S)
| | | | | | - G S Treiman
- Department of Surgery at the University of Utah and VA Salt Lake City Health Care System, Salt Lake City, Utah (G.S.T.)
| | - D L Parker
- From the Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Utah Center for Advanced Imaging Research (J.S.M., B.W.A., S.-E.K., M.S.M., L.B.E., D.L.P.)
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The kidney mediates the excretion or conservation of water and electrolytes in the face of changing fluid and salt intake and losses. To ultrafilter and reabsorb the exact quantities of free water and salts to maintain euvolemia a range of endocrine, paracrine, and hormonal signaling systems have evolved linking the tubules, capillaries, glomeruli, arterioles, and other intrinsic cells of the kidney. Our understanding of these systems remains incomplete. RECENT FINDINGS Recent work has provided new insights into the workings of the communication pathways between tubular segments and the glomeruli and vasculature, with novel therapeutic agents in development. Particular progress has also been made in the visualization of tubuloglomerular feedback. SUMMARY The review summarizes our current understanding of pathway functions in health and disease, as well as future therapeutic options to protect the healthy and injured kidney.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David A. Ferenbach
- Department of Medicine, Renal Division and Biomedical Engineering Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Centre for Inflammation Research, Queen’s Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Joseph V. Bonventre
- Department of Medicine, Renal Division and Biomedical Engineering Division, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard-Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Cignachi NP, Pesquero JB, Oliveira RB, Etges A, Campos MM. Kinin B1Receptor Deletion Affects Bone Healing in Type 1 Diabetic Mice. J Cell Physiol 2015; 230:3019-28. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Natália P. Cignachi
- School of Dentistry; Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul; Avenida Ipiranga; 6681; Partenon; Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - João B. Pesquero
- Department of Biophysics; Federal University of São Paulo; Rua Pedro de Toledo, 669; São Paulo SP Brazil
| | - Rogério B. Oliveira
- School of Dentistry; Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul; Avenida Ipiranga; 6681; Partenon; Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - Adriana Etges
- Department of Oral Pathology; School of Dentistry; Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel); Rua, Gonçalves Chaves, 457; Pelotas RS Brazil
| | - Maria M. Campos
- School of Dentistry; Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul; Avenida Ipiranga; 6681; Partenon; Porto Alegre RS Brazil
- Institute of Toxicology and Pharmacology; Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul; Avenida Ipiranga, 6681; Partenon; Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Dias JP, Gariépy HDB, Ongali B, Couture R. Brain kinin B1 receptor is upregulated by the oxidative stress and its activation leads to stereotypic nociceptive behavior in insulin-resistant rats. Peptides 2015; 69:118-26. [PMID: 25959537 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2015.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2015] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Kinin B1 receptor (B1R) is virtually absent under physiological condition, yet it is highly expressed in models of diabetes mellitus. This study aims at determining: (1) whether B1R is induced in the brain of insulin-resistant rat through the oxidative stress; (2) the consequence of B1R activation on stereotypic nocifensive behavior; (3) the role of downstream putative mediators in B1R-induced behavioral activity. Sprague-Dawley rats were fed with 10% D-glucose in their drinking water or tap water (controls) for 4 or 12 weeks, combined either with a standard chow diet or a diet enriched with α-lipoic acid (1 g/kg feed) for 4 weeks. The distribution and density of brain B1R binding sites were assessed by autoradiography. Behavioral activity evoked by i.c.v. injection of the B1R agonist Sar-[D-Phe(8)]-des-Arg(9)-BK (10 μg) was measured before and after i.c.v. treatments with selective antagonists (10 μg) for kinin B1 (R-715, SSR240612), tachykinin NK1 (RP-67580) and glutamate NMDA (DL-AP5) receptors or with the inhibitor of NOS (L-NNA). Results showed significant increases of B1R binding sites in various brain areas of glucose-fed rats that could be prevented by the diet containing α-lipoic acid. The B1R agonist elicited head scratching, grooming, sniffing, rearing, digging, licking, face washing, wet dog shake, teeth chattering and biting in glucose-fed rats, which were absent after treatment with α-lipoic acid or antagonists/inhibitors. Data suggest that kinin B1R is upregulated by the oxidative stress in the brain of insulin-resistant rats and its activation causes stereotypic nocifensive behavior through the release of substance P, glutamate and NO.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jenny Pena Dias
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Helaine De Brito Gariépy
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Brice Ongali
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Réjean Couture
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Lieblong BJ, Sridharan V, Srivastava AK, Moros EG, Sharma SK, Boerma M. Role of the bradykinin B2 receptor in a rat model of local heart irradiation. Int J Radiat Biol 2015; 91:634-42. [PMID: 25955317 DOI: 10.3109/09553002.2015.1047041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Radiation-induced heart disease (RIHD) is a delayed effect of radiotherapy for cancers of the chest, such as breast, esophageal, and lung. Kinins are small peptides with cardioprotective properties. We previously used a rat model that lacks the precursor kininogen to demonstrate that kinins are involved in RIHD. Here, we examined the role of the kinin B2 receptor (B2R) in early radiation-induced signaling in the heart. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male Brown Norway rats received the B2R-selective antagonist HOE-140 (icatibant) via osmotic minipump from 5 days before until 4 weeks after 21 Gy local heart irradiation. At 4 weeks, signaling events were measured in left ventricular homogenates and nuclear extracts using western blotting and real-time polymerase chain reaction. Numbers of CD68-positive (monocytes/macrophages), CD2-positive (T-lymphocytes), and mast cells were measured using immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Radiation-induced c-Jun phosphorylation and nuclear translocation were enhanced by HOE-140. HOE-140 did not modify endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) phosphorylation or alter numbers of CD2-positive or mast cells, but enhanced CD68-positive cell counts in irradiated hearts. CONCLUSIONS B2R signaling may regulate monocyte/macrophage infiltration and c-Jun signals in the irradiated heart. Although eNOS is a main target for kinins, the B2R may not regulate eNOS phosphorylation in response to radiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Lieblong
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock, Arkansas , USA
| | - Vijayalakshmi Sridharan
- b Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock, Arkansas , USA
| | - Anup K Srivastava
- a Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock, Arkansas , USA
| | - Eduardo G Moros
- c Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute , Department of Radiation Oncology , Tampa, Florida , USA
| | - Sunil K Sharma
- b Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock, Arkansas , USA
| | - Marjan Boerma
- b Division of Radiation Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences , University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences , Little Rock, Arkansas , USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Control of ENaC-mediated sodium reabsorption in the distal nephron by Bradykinin. VITAMINS AND HORMONES 2015. [PMID: 25817868 DOI: 10.1016/bs.vh.2014.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
Kinins, such as Bradykinin (BK), are peptide hormones of the kallikrein-kinin system. Apart from being a vasodilator, BK also increases urinary sodium excretion to reduce systemic blood pressure. It is becoming appreciated that BK modulates function of the epithelial Na(+) channel in the distal part of the renal nephron to affect tubular sodium reabsorption. In this chapter, we outline the molecular details, as well as discuss the physiological relevance of this regulation for the whole organism sodium homeostasis and setting chronic blood pressure.
Collapse
|
36
|
Regoli D, Gobeil F. Critical insights into the beneficial and protective actions of the kallikrein-kinin system. Vascul Pharmacol 2015; 64:1-10. [PMID: 25579779 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2014.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hypertension is characterized by an imbalance between the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and the kallikrein-kinin system (KKS). Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin II AT-1 receptor antagonists (also known as sartans or ARBs) are potent modulators of these systems and are highly effective as first-line treatments for hypertension, diabetic nephropathies, and diseases of the brain and coronary arteries. However, these agents are mechanistically distinct and should not be considered interchangeable. In this mini-review, we provide novel insights into the often neglected roles of the KKS in the beneficial, protective, and reparative actions of ACEIs. Indeed, ACEIs are the only antihypertensive drugs that properly reduce the imbalance between the RAS and the KKS, thereby restoring optimal cardiovascular homeostasis and significantly reducing morbidity and the risk of all-cause mortality among individuals affected by hypertension and other cardiovascular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Domenico Regoli
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Fernand Gobeil
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada, J1H 5N4.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Bishop-Bailey D. Mechanisms governing the health and performance benefits of exercise. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 170:1153-66. [PMID: 24033098 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Revised: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Humans are considered among the greatest if not the greatest endurance land animals. Over the last 50 years, as the population has become more sedentary, rates of cardiovascular disease and its associated risk factors such as obesity, type 2 diabetes and hypertension have all increased. Aerobic fitness is considered protective for all-cause mortality, cardiovascular disease, a variety of cancers, joint disease and depression. Here, I will review the emerging mechanisms that underlie the response to exercise, focusing on the major target organ the skeletal muscle system. Understanding the mechanisms of action of exercise will allow us to develop new therapies that mimic the protective actions of exercise.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Bishop-Bailey
- Comparative Biomedical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, London, UK
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Veldhuis NA, Poole DP, Grace M, McIntyre P, Bunnett NW. The G Protein–Coupled Receptor–Transient Receptor Potential Channel Axis: Molecular Insights for Targeting Disorders of Sensation and Inflammation. Pharmacol Rev 2014; 67:36-73. [DOI: 10.1124/pr.114.009555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
|
39
|
Direct regulation of ENaC by bradykinin in the distal nephron. Implications for renal sodium handling. Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertens 2014; 23:122-9. [PMID: 24378775 DOI: 10.1097/01.mnh.0000441053.81339.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Locally produced peptide hormones kinins, such as bradykinin, are thought to oppose many of the prohypertensive actions of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. In the kidney, bradykinin, via stimulation of B2 receptors (B2R), favors natriuresis mostly due to the inhibition of tubular Na reabsorption. Recent experimental evidence identifies the epithelial Na channel (ENaC) as a key end effector of bradykinin actions in the distal tubular segments. The focus of this review is the physiological relevance and molecular details of the bradykinin signal to ENaC. RECENT FINDINGS The recent epidemiological GenSalt study demonstrated that genetic variants of the gene encoding B2R show significant associations with the salt sensitivity of blood pressure. Bradykinin was shown to have an inhibitory effect on the distal nephron sodium transport via stimulation of B2 receptor-phospholipase C (B2R-PLC) cascade to decrease ENaC open probability. Genetic ablation of bradykinin receptors in mice led to an augmented ENaC function, particularly during elevated sodium intake, likely contributing to the salt-sensitive hypertensive phenotype. Furthermore, augmentation of bradykinin signaling in the distal nephron was demonstrated to be an important component of the natriuretic and antihypertensive effects of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition. SUMMARY Salt-sensitive inhibition of ENaC activity by bradykinin greatly advances our understanding of the molecular mechanisms that are responsible for shutting down distal tubule sodium reabsorption during volume expanded conditions to avoid salt-sensitive hypertension.
Collapse
|
40
|
Reed BN, Street SE, Jensen BC. Time and technology will tell: the pathophysiologic basis of neurohormonal modulation in heart failure. Heart Fail Clin 2014; 10:543-57. [PMID: 25217430 DOI: 10.1016/j.hfc.2014.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The central roles of neurohormonal abnormalities in the pathobiology of heart failure have been defined in recent decades. Experiments have revealed both systemic involvement and intricate subcellular regulation by circulating effectors of the sympathetic nervous system, the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, and others. Randomized clinical trials substantiated these findings, establishing neurohormonal antagonists as cornerstones of heart failure pharmacotherapy, and occasionally offering further insight on mode of benefit. This review discusses the use of β-blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers, and aldosterone receptor antagonists in the treatment of heart failure, with particular attention to the pathophysiologic basis and mechanisms of action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brent N Reed
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, 20 North Pine Street, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Sarah E Street
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Brian C Jensen
- Division of Cardiology and McAllister Heart Institute, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, 160 Dental Circle, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7075, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
The kinin B1 receptor regulates muscle-specific E3 ligases expression and is involved in skeletal muscle mass control. Clin Sci (Lond) 2014; 127:185-94. [PMID: 24498923 DOI: 10.1042/cs20130358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Regulation of muscle mass depends on the balance between synthesis and degradation of proteins, which is under the control of different signalling pathways regulated by hormonal, neural and nutritional stimuli. Such stimuli are altered in several pathologies, including COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease), diabetes, AIDS and cancer (cachexia), as well as in some conditions such as immobilization and aging (sarcopenia), leading to muscle atrophy, which represents a significant contribution to patient morbidity. The KKS (kallikrein-kinin system) is composed of the enzymes kallikreins, which generate active peptides called kinins that activate two G-protein-coupled receptors, namely B1 and B2, which are expressed in a variety of tissues. The local modulation of the KKS may account for its participation in different diseases, such as those of the cardiovascular, renal and central nervous systems, cancer and many inflammatory processes, including pain. Owing to such pleiotropic actions of the KKS by local modulatory events and the probable fine-tuning of associated signalling cascades involved in skeletal muscle catabolic disorders [for example, NF-κB (nuclear factor κB) and PI3K (phosphoinositide 3-kinase)/Akt pathways], we hypothesized that KKS might contribute to the modulation of intracellular responses in atrophying skeletal muscle. Our results show that kinin B1 receptor activation induced a decrease in the diameter of C2C12 myotubes, activation of NF-κB, a decrease in Akt phosphorylation levels, and an increase in the mRNA levels of the ubiquitin E3 ligases atrogin-1 and MuRF-1 (muscle RING-finger protein-1). In vivo, we observed an increase in kinin B1 receptor mRNA levels in an androgen-sensitive model of muscle atrophy. In the same model, inhibition of the kinin B1 receptor with a selective antagonist resulted in an impairment of atrogin-1 and MuRF-1 expression and IκB (inhibitor of NF-κB) phosphorylation. Moreover, knockout of the kinin B1 receptor in mice led to an impairment in MuRF-1 mRNA expression after induction of LA (levator ani) muscle atrophy. In conclusion, using pharmacological and gene-ablation tools, we have obtained evidence that the kinin B1 receptor plays a significant role in the regulation of skeletal muscle proteolysis in the LA muscle atrophy model.
Collapse
|
42
|
Ufnal M, Skrzypecki J. Blood borne hormones in a cross-talk between peripheral and brain mechanisms regulating blood pressure, the role of circumventricular organs. Neuropeptides 2014; 48:65-73. [PMID: 24485840 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2014.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2013] [Revised: 01/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that blood borne hormones modulate brain mechanisms regulating blood pressure. This appears to be mediated by the circumventricular organs which are located in the walls of the brain ventricular system and lack the blood-brain barrier. Recent evidence shows that neurons of the circumventricular organs express receptors for the majority of cardiovascular hormones. Intracerebroventricular infusions of hormones and their antagonists is one approach to evaluate the influence of blood borne hormones on the neural mechanisms regulating arterial blood pressure. Interestingly, there is no clear correlation between peripheral and central effects of cardiovascular hormones. For example, angiotensin II increases blood pressure acting peripherally and centrally, whereas peripherally acting pressor catecholamines decrease blood pressure when infused intracerebroventricularly. The physiological role of such dual hemodynamic responses has not yet been clarified. In the paper we review studies on hemodynamic effects of catecholamines, neuropeptide Y, angiotensin II, aldosterone, natriuretic peptides, endothelins, histamine and bradykinin in the context of their role in a cross-talk between peripheral and brain mechanisms involved in the regulation of arterial blood pressure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Ufnal
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Krakowskie Przedmieście 26/28, 00-927 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Janusz Skrzypecki
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Krakowskie Przedmieście 26/28, 00-927 Warsaw, Poland
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Rossier BC. Epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) and the control of blood pressure. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2014; 15:33-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2013.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Revised: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
44
|
Gobeil F, Sirois P, Regoli D. Preclinical pharmacology, metabolic stability, pharmacokinetics and toxicology of the peptidic kinin B1 receptor antagonist R-954. Peptides 2014; 52:82-9. [PMID: 24361511 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2013.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Revised: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We previously showed that R-954 (AcOrn[Oic(2),(αMe)Phe(5),dβNal(7),Ile(8)]desArg(9)-bradykinin) is a potent, selective and stable peptide antagonist of the inducible GPCR kinin B1 receptor. This compound shows potential applications for the treatment of several diseases, including cancer and neurological disturbances of diabetes. To enable clinical translation, more information regarding its pharmacological, pharmacokinetics (PK) and toxicological properties at preclinical stage is warranted. This was the principal objective of the present study. Herein, specificity of R-954 was characterized in binding studies on 133 human molecular targets to reveal minor cross-reactivities against the angiotensin AT2 and the bombesin receptors (110- and 330-fold lower affinity than for B1R, respectively). The pharmacokinetic of R-954 was studied in both normal and streptozotocin-diabetic anaesthetized rats providing half-lives of 1.9-2.7h. R-954 does not appear to be metabolized in the rat circulation and in several rat tissue homogenates, as the kidney, lung and liver. It appears to be excreted as parent drug in the bile (21%) and in urine. A preliminary toxicological profile of R-954 was obtained in rats under various administration routes. R-954 appears to be well tolerated. Overall, these results indicate that R-954 exhibits favorable preclinical pharmacological/PK characteristics and encouraging safety profiles, suitable for early studies in humans.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fernand Gobeil
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada J1H 5N4; Institute of Pharmacology of Sherbrooke (IPS), Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada J1H 5N4.
| | - Pierre Sirois
- CHUL Research Center, Laval University, Quebec, Canada G1V 4G2
| | - Domenico Regoli
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Quebec, Canada J1H 5N4
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Vasopressor meets vasodepressor: The AT1-B2 receptor heterodimer. Biochem Pharmacol 2014; 88:284-90. [PMID: 24462918 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2014.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The AT1 receptor for the vasopressor angiotensin II is one of the most important drug targets for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Sensitization of the AT1 receptor system is a common feature contributing to the pathogenesis of many cardiovascular disorders but underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. More than a decade ago, evidence was provided for control of AT1R activation by heterodimerization with the B2 receptor for the vasodepressor peptide, bradykinin, a physiological counterpart of the vasoconstrictor angiotensin II. AT1-B2 receptor heterodimerization was shown to enhance AT1R-stimulated signaling under pathophysiological conditions such as experimental and human pregnancy hypertension. Notably, AT1R signal sensitization of patients with preeclampsia hypertension was attributed to AT1R-B2R heterodimerization. Vice versa, transgenic mice lacking the AT1-B2 receptor heterodimer due to targeted deletion of the B2R gene showed a significantly reduced AT1R-stimulated vasopressor response compared to transgenic mice with abundant AT1R-B2R heterodimerization. Biophysical methods such as BRET and FRET confirmed those data by demonstrating efficient AT1-B2 receptor heterodimerization in transfected cells and transgenic mice. Recently, a study on AT1R-specific biased agonism directed the focus to the AT1-B2 receptor heterodimer again. The β-arrestin-biased [Sar1,Ile4,Ile8]-angiotensin II promoted not only the recruitment of β-arrestin to the AT1R but also stimulated the down-regulation of the AT1R-associated B2 receptor by co-internalization. Thereby specific targeting of the AT1R-B2R heterodimer became feasible and could open the way to a new class of drugs, which specifically interfere with pathological angiotensin II-AT1 receptor system activation.
Collapse
|
46
|
Koid SS, Ziogas J, Campbell DJ. Aliskiren reduces myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury by a bradykinin B2 receptor- and angiotensin AT2 receptor-mediated mechanism. Hypertension 2014; 63:768-73. [PMID: 24420538 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.113.02902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin AT1 receptor blockers reduce myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury via bradykinin B2 receptor- and angiotensin AT2 receptor-mediated mechanisms. The renin inhibitor aliskiren increases cardiac tissue kallikrein and bradykinin levels. In the present study, we investigated the effect of aliskiren on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury and the roles of B2 and AT2 receptors in this effect. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with aliskiren (10 mg/kg per day) and valsartan (30 mg/kg per day), alone or in combination, together with the B2 receptor antagonist icatibant (0.5 mg/kg per day) or the AT2 receptor antagonist PD123319 (30 mg/kg per day), for 4 weeks before myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Aliskiren increased cardiac bradykinin levels and attenuated valsartan-induced increases in plasma angiotensin II levels. In vehicle-treated rats, myocardial infarct size (% area at risk, mean±SEM, n=7-13) was 43±3%. This was reduced to a similar extent by aliskiren, valsartan, and their combination to 24±3%, 25±3%, and 22±2%, respectively. Icatibant reversed the cardioprotective effects of aliskiren and the combination of aliskiren plus valsartan, but not valsartan alone, indicating that valsartan-induced cardioprotection was not mediated by the B2 receptor. PD123319 reversed the cardioprotective effects of aliskiren, valsartan, and the combination of aliskiren plus valsartan. Aliskiren protects the heart from myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury via a B2 receptor- and AT2 receptor-mediated mechanism, whereas cardioprotection by valsartan is mediated via the AT2 receptor. In addition, aliskiren attenuates valsartan-induced increases in angiotensin II levels, thus preventing AT2 receptor-mediated cardioprotection by valsartan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suang Suang Koid
- St Vincent's Institute of Medical Research, 41 Victoria Parade, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065, Australia.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Bhat M, Pouliot M, Couture R, Vaucher E. The kallikrein-kinin system in diabetic retinopathy. PROGRESS IN DRUG RESEARCH. FORTSCHRITTE DER ARZNEIMITTELFORSCHUNG. PROGRES DES RECHERCHES PHARMACEUTIQUES 2014; 69:111-43. [PMID: 25130041 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-06683-7_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a major microvascular complication associated with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus, which can lead to visual impairment and blindness. Current treatment strategies for DR are mostly limited to laser therapies, steroids, and anti-VEGF agents, which are often associated with unwanted side effects leading to further complications. Recent evidence suggests that kinins play a primary role in the development of DR through enhanced vascular permeability, leukocytes infiltration, and other inflammatory mechanisms. These deleterious effects are mediated by kinin B1 and B2 receptors, which are expressed in diabetic human and rodent retina. Importantly, kinin B1 receptor is virtually absent in sane tissue, yet it is induced and upregulated in diabetic retina. These peptides belong to the kallikrein-kinin system (KKS), which contains two separate and independent pathways of regulated serine proteases, namely plasma kallikrein (PK) and tissue kallikrein (TK) that are involved in the biosynthesis of bradykinin (BK) and kallidin (Lys-BK), respectively. Hence, ocular inhibition of kallikreins or antagonism of kinin receptors offers new therapeutic avenues in the treatment and management of DR. Herein, we present an overview of the principal features and known inflammatory mechanisms associated with DR along with the current therapeutic approaches and put special emphasis on the KKS as a new and promising therapeutic target due to its link with key pathways directly associated with the development of DR.
Collapse
|
48
|
Navarrete M, Ho J, Krokhin O, Ezzati P, Rigatto C, Reslerova M, Rush DN, Nickerson P, Wilkins JA. Proteomic characterization of serine hydrolase activity and composition in normal urine. Clin Proteomics 2013; 10:17. [PMID: 24237849 PMCID: PMC4225696 DOI: 10.1186/1559-0275-10-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Serine hydrolases constitute a large enzyme family involved in a diversity of proteolytic and metabolic processes which are essential for many aspects of normal physiology. The roles of serine hydrolases in renal function are largely unknown and monitoring their activity may provide important insights into renal physiology. The goal of this study was to profile urinary serine hydrolases with activity-based protein profiling (ABPP) and to perform an in-depth compositional analysis. Methods Eighteen healthy individuals provided random, mid-stream urine samples. ABPP was performed by reacting urines (n = 18) with a rhodamine-tagged fluorophosphonate probe and visualizing on SDS-PAGE. Active serine hydrolases were isolated with affinity purification and identified on MS-MS. Enzyme activity was confirmed with substrate specific assays. A complementary 2D LC/MS-MS analysis was performed to evaluate the composition of serine hydrolases in urine. Results Enzyme activity was closely, but not exclusively, correlated with protein quantity. Affinity purification and MS/MS identified 13 active serine hydrolases. The epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) and calcium channel (TRPV5) regulators, tissue kallikrein and plasmin were identified in active forms, suggesting a potential role in regulating sodium and calcium reabsorption in a healthy human model. Complement C1r subcomponent-like protein, mannan binding lectin serine protease 2 and myeloblastin (proteinase 3) were also identified in active forms. The in-depth compositional analysis identified 62 serine hydrolases in urine independent of activity state. Conclusions This study identified luminal regulators of electrolyte homeostasis in an active state in the urine, which suggests tissue kallikrein and plasmin may be functionally relevant in healthy individuals. Additional serine hydrolases were identified in an active form that may contribute to regulating innate immunity of the urinary tract. Finally, the optimized ABPP technique in urine demonstrates its feasibility, reproducibility and potential applicability to profiling urinary enzyme activity in different renal physiological and pathophysiological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Navarrete
- Manitoba Centre for Proteomics & Systems Biology, 799 John Buhler Research Centre, 715 Mc Dermot Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba R3A 1R9, Canada.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Delemasure S, Blaes N, Richard C, Couture R, Bader M, Dutartre P, Girolami JP, Connat JL, Rochette L. Antioxidant/oxidant status and cardiac function in bradykinin B(1)- and B(2)-receptor null mice. Physiol Res 2013; 62:511-7. [PMID: 24020815 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.932496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Kinin-vasoactive peptides activate two G-protein-coupled receptors (R), B(1)R (inducible) and B(2)R (constitutive). Their complex role in cardiovascular diseases could be related to differential actions on oxidative stress. This study investigated impacts of B(1)R or B(2)R gene deletion in mice on the cardiac function and plasma antioxidant and oxidant status. Echocardiography-Doppler was performed in B(1)R (B(1)R(-/-)) and B(2)R (B(2)R(-/-)) deficient and wild type (WT) adult male mice. No functional alteration was observed in B(2)R(-/-) hearts. B(1)R(-/-) mice had significantly lowered fractional shortening and increased isovolumetric contraction time. The diastolic E and A waves velocity ratio was similar in all mice groups. Thus B(1)R(-/-) mice provide a model of moderate systolic dysfunction, whereas B(2)R(-/-) mice displayed a normal cardiac phenotype. Plasma antioxidant capacity (ORAC) was significantly decreased in both B(1)R(-/-) and B(2)R(-/-) mice whereas the vitamin C levels were decreased in B(2)R(-/-) mice only. Plasma ascorbyl free radical was significantly higher in B(1)R(-/-) compared to WT and B(2)R(-/-) mice. Therefore, the oxidative stress index, ascorbyl free radical to vitamin C ratio, was increased in both B(1)R(-/-) and B(2)R(-/-) mice. Hence, B(1)R and B(2)R deficiency are associated with increased oxidative stress, but there is a differential imbalance between free radical production and antioxidant defense. The interrelationship between the differential B(1)R and B(2)R roles in oxidative stress and cardiovascular diseases remain to be investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Delemasure
- COHIRO Biotechnology, Faculty of Medicine, Dijon, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Blaes N, Girolami JP. Targeting the 'Janus face' of the B2-bradykinin receptor. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2013; 17:1145-66. [PMID: 23957374 DOI: 10.1517/14728222.2013.827664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Kinins are main active mediators of the kallikrein-kinin system (KKS) via bradykinin type 1 inducible (B1R) and type 2 constitutive (B2R) receptors. B2R mediates most physiological bradykinin (BK) responses, including vasodilation, natriuresis, NO, prostaglandins release. AREAS COVERED The article summarizes knowledge on kinins, B2R signaling and biological functions; highlights crosstalks between B2R and renin-angiotensin system (RAS). The double role (Janus face) in physiopathology, namely the beneficial protection of the endothelium, which forms the basis for the therapeutical utilization of B2 receptor agonists, on the one side, and the involvement of B2R in inflammation or infection diseases and in pain mechanisms, which justifies the use of B2R antagonists, on the other side, is extensively analyzed. EXPERT OPINION For decades, the B2R has been unconsciously activated during angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) or angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB) treatments. Whether direct B2R targeting with stable agonists could bring additional therapeutic benefit to RAS inhibition should be investigated. Efficacy, established in experimental models, should be confirmed by translational studies in cardiovascular pathologies, glaucoma, Duchenne cardiopathy and during brain cancer therapy. The other face of B2R is targeted by antagonists already approved to treat hereditary angioedema. The use of antagonists could be extended to other angioedema and efficacy tested against acute pain and inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nelly Blaes
- INSERM, U1048, Institute of Metabolic and Cardiovascular Diseases, I2MC, Université Paul Sabatier , F-31432, Toulouse , France
| | | |
Collapse
|