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Wołowiec Ł, Rogowicz D, Budzyński J, Banach J, Wołowiec A, Kozakiewicz M, Bieliński M, Jaśniak A, Osiak J, Grześk G. Prognostic value of plasma secretoneurin concentration in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction in one-year follow-up. Ann Med 2024; 56:2305309. [PMID: 38261566 PMCID: PMC10810662 DOI: 10.1080/07853890.2024.2305309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 01/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This is the first study to examine the clinical utility of measuring plasma secretoneurin (SN) levels in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), as a predictor of unplanned hospitalization, and all-cause mortality independently, and as a composite endpoint at one-year follow-up. METHODS The study group includes 124 caucasian patients in New York Heart Association (NYHA) classes II to IV. Plasma SN concentrations were statistically analyzed in relation to sex, age, BMI, etiology of HFrEF, pharmacotherapy, clinical, laboratory and echocardiographic parameters. Samples were collected within 24 h of admission to the hospital. KEY RESULTS In the 12-month follow-up, high SN levels were noted for all three endpoints. CONCLUSIONS SN positively correlates with HF severity measured by NYHA classes and proves to be a useful prognostic parameter in predicting unplanned hospitalizations and all-cause mortality among patients with HFrEF. Patients with high SN levels may benefit from systematic follow-up and may be candidates for more aggressive treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Wołowiec
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Daniel Rogowicz
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Jacek Budzyński
- Department of Vascular and Internal Diseases, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Joanna Banach
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Anna Wołowiec
- Department of Geriatrics, Division of Biochemistry and Biogerontology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Mariusz Kozakiewicz
- Department of Geriatrics, Division of Biochemistry and Biogerontology, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Maciej Bieliński
- Department of Clinical Neuropsychology, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Albert Jaśniak
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Joanna Osiak
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Grześk
- Department of Cardiology and Clinical Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
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Wu X, Zhi X, Liu K, Jiang H, Zhao X, Li Y. Prevention and control of cardiac arrhythmic by using therapeutic foods: A review. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol 2024. [PMID: 39363395 DOI: 10.1111/jce.16428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2024] [Revised: 08/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/29/2024] [Indexed: 10/05/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Arrhythmia occurs as a common heart vascular disease. Functional food is a rich source of natural compounds with significant pharmacological, The aim of this paper is to explore its effect on arrhythmia. METHODS By reviewing the literature and summarising the findings, we described the role of functional foods in the alleviation of cardiac arrhythmias from different perspectives. RESULTS Our study shows that functional foods have anti-arrhythmic effects through modulation of ion channels, oxidative stress, and Calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II. CONCLUSIONS We summarize the mechanism of arrhythmia inhibition by the active ingredients of medicinal diets in this review article, intending to provide research ideas for dietary therapy to regulate arrhythmia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Wu
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Chronic Diseases by Traditional Chinese Medicine, University Hospital of Gansu Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
- The Second Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaodong Zhi
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Chronic Diseases by Traditional Chinese Medicine, University Hospital of Gansu Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Kai Liu
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Chronic Diseases by Traditional Chinese Medicine, University Hospital of Gansu Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - HuGang Jiang
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Chronic Diseases by Traditional Chinese Medicine, University Hospital of Gansu Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xinke Zhao
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Chronic Diseases by Traditional Chinese Medicine, University Hospital of Gansu Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yingdong Li
- College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
- Key Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment for Chronic Diseases by Traditional Chinese Medicine, University Hospital of Gansu Traditional Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
- Affiliated Hospital of Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
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Severino A, Reyes-Gaido OE, Nguyen P, Elkarim A, Luczak ED, Mesubi OO. SGLT2 inhibitors protect against diabetic cardiomyopathy and atrial fibrillation through a CaMKII independent mechanism. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.09.23.614368. [PMID: 39386626 PMCID: PMC11463538 DOI: 10.1101/2024.09.23.614368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/12/2024]
Abstract
Ca 2+ /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) has been implicated as an important mediator of the increasingly evident cardioprotective benefits exerted by sodium- glucose transport protein 2 channel inhibitors (SGLT2i). However, the exact nature of the relationship between CaMKII and SGLT2i remains unclear. Here, we find that empagliflozin but not dapagliflozin attenuated susceptibility to atrial fibrillation (AF) in a type 2 diabetic (T2D) mouse model. However, both empagliflozin and dapagliflozin protected from diabetic cardiomyopathy in T2D mice. We then used real-time microscopy of neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes (NRVMs) with the CaMKII biosensor - CaMKAR to demonstrate that direct inhibition of CaMKII is not essential for the effects of SGLT2i in these cells. Therefore, we conclude that the benefits of SGLT2i in heart disease likely occur through indirect modulation of CaMKII activity, or possibly through an alternative pathway altogether.
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Zhan G, Wang X, Wang X, Li J, Tang Y, Bi H, Yang X, Xia Y. Dapagliflozin: A sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, attenuates angiotensin II-induced atrial fibrillation by regulating atrial electrical and structural remodeling. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 978:176712. [PMID: 38906237 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/23/2024]
Abstract
AIM Atrial fibrillation (AF), the most common arrhythmia, is characterized by atrial electrical and structural remodeling. Previous studies have found that sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) can protect myocardium in a glucose independent mechanism. But the role of SGLT2i in regulating AF remains largely unknown. This study, we aimed to investigate the effect of Dapagliflozin (DAPA) in reducing AF susceptibility via inhibiting electrical and structural remodeling. METHOD The mouse model was established by Angiotensin II (2000 ng/kg/min) infusion for 3 weeks, and an in vitro model was generated by stimulating HL-1 and primary mouse fibroblast with Ang II (1 μM) for 24 h. Programmed electrical stimulation, ECG and whole-cell patch clamp were used to detect DAPA effect on atrial electrical remodeling induced by Ang II. To observe DAPA effect on atrial structural remodeling induced by Ang II, we used echocardiographic, H&E and Masson staining to evaluate atrial dilation. To further explore the protective mechanism of DAPA, we adopt in silico molecular docking approaches to investigate the binding affinity of Ang II and CaMKII at Met-281 site. Western blot was to detect expression level of CaMKII, ox-CaMKII, Nav1.5, Kv4.3, Kv4.2, Kchip2, Kir2.1 and Cx40. RESULTS Ang II induced AF, atrial dilatation and fibrosis, led to atrial electrical and structural remodeling. However, these effects were markedly abrogated by DAPA treatment, a specific SGLT2i. Our observation of atrial electrical activity in mice revealed that DAPA could rescue the prolonged action potential duration (APD) and the abnormal currents of IK1, Ito and INaL triggered by Ang II infusion. DAPA could reduce the binding affinity of Ang II and CaMKII at Met-281 site, which indicated that DAPA may directly alleviate the activation of CaMKII caused by Ang II. DAPA could reduce the upregulation of ox-CaMKII caused by Ang II infusion in atrial tissues. Moreover, DAPA also ameliorated the aberrant expression levels of electrical activity related proteins (Nav1.5, Kv4.3, Kv4.2, Kchip2, Kir2.1 and Cx40) and fibrosis related signal pathways (TGF-β1, p-smad/smad) caused by Ang II. Furthermore, we confirmed that DAPA, as well as other SGLT2i (EMPA, CANA), could reverse these abnormalities caused by Ang II incubation in HL-1 cells and primary mouse fibroblasts, respectively. CONCLUSION Overall, our study identifies DAPA, a widely used SGLT2i, contributes to inhibiting Ang II-induced ox-CaMKII upregulation and electrical and structural remodeling to reduce AF susceptibility, suggesting that DAPA may be a potential therapy of treating AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Zhan
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, 116011, China
| | - Xinying Wang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, 116011, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Ultrasound, The Affiliated Hospital of Innermongolia Medical University, Huhhot 010050, China; Department of Ultrasound, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jiatian Li
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, 116011, China
| | - Yuqi Tang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, 116011, China
| | - Hailian Bi
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, 116011, China
| | - Xiaolei Yang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, 116011, China; Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, 116011, China.
| | - Yunlong Xia
- Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, 116011, China; Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning Province, 116011, China.
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Guo Q, Huo Y, Liu Q, Zhou S, Xiao Y. Ruxolitinib as a CaMKII inhibitor for treatment of cardiac arrhythmias: Applications and prospects. Heart Rhythm 2024:S1547-5271(24)03096-0. [PMID: 39111609 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2024.07.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Revised: 07/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Recent studies have highlighted the critical role of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) overactivation in the pathogenesis of various cardiac arrhythmias. Ruxolitinib, a Janus kinase inhibitor widely used for the treatment of myelofibrosis and acute graft-vs-host disease, has expanded its research horizons to include its potential as a CaMKII inhibitor in the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias. This article reviews the basic pharmacologic properties of ruxolitinib and delves into the role of CaMKII in cardiac arrhythmias, including its structural fundamentals, activation mechanisms, and association with arrhythmic conditions. Furthermore, the current state of CaMKII inhibitor research is discussed, with a special focus on the advances and clinical potential of ruxolitinib in this field. Studies indicate that ruxolitinib effectively inhibits CaMKII activity and has therapeutic potential against cardiac arrhythmias in animal models and at the cellular level. In addition, we address the critical issues that need to be resolved before the clinical application of ruxolitinib in arrhythmia treatment, including dosage concerns, long-term inhibitory effects, potential impacts on the nervous system, and efficacy across different types of arrhythmias. Future research directions involve further exploration of the clinical application potential of ruxolitinib, particularly in diseases such as heart failure, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, dilated cardiomyopathy, and ischemic arrhythmias. In summary, the efficacy, low toxicity, and safety profile of ruxolitinib as a CaMKII inhibitor in the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias suggest a promising future for its development as a therapeutic drug in this domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingbo Guo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China; Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Yiran Huo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China; Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Qiming Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Shenghua Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China
| | - Yichao Xiao
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, PR China.
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Pan Y, Xiao Z, Yang H, Kong B, Meng H, Shuai W, Huang H. USP38 exacerbates pressure overload-induced left ventricular electrical remodeling. Mol Med 2024; 30:97. [PMID: 38937697 PMCID: PMC11210128 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-024-00846-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ubiquitin-specific protease 38 (USP38), belonging to the USP family, is recognized for its role in controlling protein degradation and diverse biological processes. Ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) following heart failure (HF) are closely linked to ventricular electrical remodeling, yet the specific mechanisms underlying VAs in HF remain inadequately explored. In this study, we examined the impact of USP38 on VAs in pressure overload-induced HF. METHODS Cardiac-specific USP38 knockout mice, cardiac-specific USP38 transgenic mice and their matched control littermates developed HF induced by aortic banding (AB) surgery. After subjecting the mice to AB surgery for a duration of four weeks, comprehensive investigations were conducted, including pathological analysis and electrophysiological assessments, along with molecular analyses. RESULTS We observed increased USP38 expression in the left ventricle of mice with HF. Electrocardiogram showed that the USP38 knockout shortened the QRS interval and QTc, while USP38 overexpression prolonged these parameters. USP38 knockout decreased the susceptibility of VAs by shortening action potential duration (APD) and prolonging effective refractory period (ERP). In addition, USP38 knockout increased ion channel and Cx43 expression in ventricle. On the contrary, the increased susceptibility of VAs and the decreased expression of ventricular ion channels and Cx43 were observed with USP38 overexpression. In both in vivo and in vitro experiments, USP38 knockout inhibited TBK1/AKT/CAMKII signaling, whereas USP38 overexpression activated this pathway. CONCLUSION Our data indicates that USP38 increases susceptibility to VAs after HF through TBK1/AKT/CAMKII signaling pathway, Consequently, USP38 may emerge as a promising therapeutic target for managing VAs following HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucheng Pan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zheng Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hongjie Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bin Kong
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Meng
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Shuai
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China.
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
| | - He Huang
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, 238 Jiefang Road, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei, China.
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, China.
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.
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Li Y, Zhang Z, Zhang Z, Zheng N, Ding X. Empagliflozin, a sodium-glucose cotransporter inhibitor enhancing mitochondrial action and cardioprotection in metabolic syndrome. J Cell Physiol 2024; 239:e31264. [PMID: 38764242 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) has a large clinical population nowadays, usually due to excessive energy intake and lack of exercise. During MetS, excess nutrients stress the mitochondria, resulting in relative hypoxia in tissues and organs, even when blood supply is not interrupted or reduced, making mitochondrial dysfunction a central pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease in the MetS. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors were designed as a hyperglycemic drug that acts on the renal tubules to block sugar reabsorption in primary urine. Recently they have been shown to have anti-inflammatory and other protective effects on cardiomyocytes in MetS, and have also been recommended in the latest heart failure guidelines as a routine therapy. Among these inhibitors, empagliflozin shows better clinical promise due to less influence from glomerular filtration rate. This review focuses on the mitochondrial mechanisms of empagliflozin, which underlie the anti-inflammatory and recover cellular functions in MetS cardiomyocytes, including stabilizing calcium concentration, mediating metabolic reprogramming, maintaining homeostasis of mitochondrial quantity and quality, stable mitochondrial DNA copy number, and repairing damaged mitochondrial DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhao Li
- Graduate School, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhanming Zhang
- Faculty of Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zheming Zhang
- Graduate School, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ningning Zheng
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xudong Ding
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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Tamargo J, Villacastín J, Caballero R, Delpón E. Drug-induced atrial fibrillation. A narrative review of a forgotten adverse effect. Pharmacol Res 2024; 200:107077. [PMID: 38244650 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 01/22/2024]
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia and is associated with an increased morbidity and mortality. There is clinical evidence that an increasing number of cardiovascular and non-cardiovascular drugs, mainly anticancer drugs, can induce AF either in patients with or without pre-existing cardiac disorders, but drug-induced AF (DIAF) has not received the attention that it might deserve. In many cases DIAF is asymptomatic and paroxysmal and patients recover sinus rhythm spontaneously, but sometimes, DIAF persists, and it is necessary to perform a cardioversion. Furthermore, DIAF is not mentioned in clinical guidelines on the treatment of AF. The risk of DIAF increases in elderly and in patients treated with polypharmacy and with risk factors and comorbidities that commonly coexist with AF. This is the case of cancer patients. Under these circumstances ascribing causality of DIAF to a given drug often represents a clinical challenge. We review the incidence, the pathophysiological mechanisms, risk factors, clinical relevance, and treatment of DIAF. Because of the limited information presently available, further research is needed to obtain a deeper insight into DIAF. Meanwhile, it is important that clinicians are aware of the problem that DIAF represents, recognize which drugs may cause DIAF, and consider the possibility that a drug may be responsible for a new-onset AF episode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Tamargo
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, CIBERCV, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Julián Villacastín
- Hospital Clínico San Carlos, CardioRed1, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, CIBERCV, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricardo Caballero
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, CIBERCV, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Eva Delpón
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, CIBERCV, 28040 Madrid, Spain
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Sinha F, Schweda F, Maier LS, Wagner S. Impact of Impaired Kidney Function on Arrhythmia-Promoting Cardiac Ion Channel Regulation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14198. [PMID: 37762501 PMCID: PMC10532292 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241814198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with a significantly increased risk of cardiovascular events and sudden cardiac death. Although arrhythmias are one of the most common causes of sudden cardiac death in CKD patients, the molecular mechanisms involved in the development of arrhythmias are still poorly understood. In this narrative review, therefore, we summarize the current knowledge on the regulation of cardiac ion channels that contribute to arrhythmia in CKD. We do this by first explaining the excitation-contraction coupling, outlining current translational research approaches, then explaining the main characteristics in CKD patients, such as abnormalities in electrolytes and pH, activation of the autonomic nervous system, and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, as well as current evidence for proarrhythmic properties of uremic toxins. Finally, we discuss the substance class of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) on their potential to modify cardiac channel regulation in CKD and, therefore, as a treatment option for arrhythmias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederick Sinha
- Department for Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (F.S.)
| | - Frank Schweda
- Institute of Physiology, University of Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany
| | - Lars S. Maier
- Department for Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (F.S.)
| | - Stefan Wagner
- Department for Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center Regensburg, 93053 Regensburg, Germany; (F.S.)
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Narasimhan B, Gandhi K, Moras E, Wu L, Da Wariboko A, Aronow W. Experimental drugs for supraventricular tachycardia: an analysis of early phase clinical trials. Expert Opin Investig Drugs 2023; 32:825-838. [PMID: 37728554 DOI: 10.1080/13543784.2023.2259309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Supraventricular tachycardias (SVT) are a diverse group of commonly encountered arrhythmias arising at or above the atrioventricular (AV) node. Conventional anti-arrhythmic medications are restricted by extensive side-effect profiles and limited efficacy. Catheter ablation has emerged as a first-line therapy for many arrhythmias but is not a suitable option for all patients. This has prompted the exploration of novel pharmacological approaches targeting specific molecular mechanisms of SVT. AREAS COVERED This review article aims to summarize recent advancements in pharmacological therapeutics for SVT and their clinical implications. The understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying these arrhythmias, particularly atrial fibrillation, has opened up new possibilities for targeted interventions. Beyond the manipulation of ion channels and membrane potentials, pharmacotherapy now focuses on upstream targets such as inflammation, oxidative stress, and structural remodeling. This review strives to provide a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in pharmacological therapeutics directed at the management of SVT. We begin by providing a brief summary of the mechanisms and management of commonly encountered SVT before delving into individual agents, which in turn are stratified based on their molecular treatment targets. EXPERT OPINION The evolving landscape of pharmacologic therapy offers hope for more personalized and tailored interventions in the management of SVT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharat Narasimhan
- DeBakey Cardiovascular Institute, Houston Methodist, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kruti Gandhi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Errol Moras
- Department of Internal Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lingling Wu
- Department of Medicine, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Akanibo Da Wariboko
- Department of Internal Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Wilbert Aronow
- Department of Cardiology, Westchester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY, USA
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Liu X, Ren L, Yu S, Li G, He P, Yang Q, Wei X, Thai PN, Wu L, Huo Y. Late sodium current in synergism with Ca 2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II contributes to β-adrenergic activation-induced atrial fibrillation. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2023; 378:20220163. [PMID: 37122215 PMCID: PMC10150221 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2022.0163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is frequently associated with β-adrenergic stimulation, especially in patients with structural heart diseases. The objective of this study was to determine the synergism of late sodium current (late INa) and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase (CaMKII)-mediated arrhythmogenic activities in β-adrenergic overactivation-associated AF. Monophasic action potential, conduction properties, protein phosphorylation, ion currents and cellular trigger activities were measured from rabbit-isolated hearts, atrial tissue and atrial myocytes, respectively. Isoproterenol (ISO, 1-15 nM) increased atrial conduction inhomogeneity index, phospho-Nav1.5 and phospho-CaMKII protein levels and late INa by 108%, 65%, 135% and 87%, respectively, and induced triggered activities and episodes of AF in all hearts studied (p < 0.05). Sea anemone toxin II (ATX-II, 2 nM) was insufficient to induce any atrial arrhythmias, whereas the propensities of AF were greater in hearts treated with a combination of ATX-II and ISO. Ranolazine, eleclazine and KN-93 abolished ISO-induced AF, attenuated the phosphorylation of Nav1.5 and CaMKII, and reversed the increase of late INa (p < 0.05) in a synergistic mode. Overall, late INa in association with the activation of CaMKII potentiates β-adrenergic stimulation-induced AF and the inhibition of both late INa and CaMKII exerted synergistic anti-arrhythmic effects to suppress atrial arrhythmic activities associated with catecholaminergic activation. This article is part of the theme issue 'The heartbeat: its molecular basis and physiological mechanisms'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, 8, Xishiku Street, West District, Beijing 100034, People's Republic of China
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Ren
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, 8, Xishiku Street, West District, Beijing 100034, People's Republic of China
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Shandong Yu
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, 8, Xishiku Street, West District, Beijing 100034, People's Republic of China
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, 8, Xishiku Street, West District, Beijing 100034, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengkang He
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, 8, Xishiku Street, West District, Beijing 100034, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiaomei Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, 8, Xishiku Street, West District, Beijing 100034, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohong Wei
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, 8, Xishiku Street, West District, Beijing 100034, People's Republic of China
| | - Phung N Thai
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Lin Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, 8, Xishiku Street, West District, Beijing 100034, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Huo
- Department of Cardiology, Peking University First Hospital, 8, Xishiku Street, West District, Beijing 100034, People's Republic of China
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12
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Haugsten Hansen M, Sadredini M, Hasic A, Anderson ME, Sjaastad I, Korseberg Stokke M. CaMKII and reactive oxygen species contribute to early reperfusion arrhythmias, but oxidation of CaMKIIδ at methionines 281/282 is not a determining factor. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2023; 175:49-61. [PMID: 36528076 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2022.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Available evidence suggest that Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type IIδ (CaMKIIδ) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important in early ischemia-reperfusion arrhythmias (IRA). Since ROS can activate CaMKIIδ by oxidation of two methionines at positions 281/282, oxidized-CaMKIIδ (Ox-CaMKIIδ) has been proposed to be important for IRA. However, direct evidence for this is missing. METHODS We exposed Langendorff-perfused hearts and ventricular cardiomyocytes from C57BL/6 mice to global and simulated ischemia, respectively, and recorded arrhythmic events during early reperfusion. Hearts were collected for immunoblotting of key phosphoproteins. We evaluated the effects of beta-adrenoceptor stimulation, inhibition of CaMKII, and reduced ROS levels with isoprenaline, KN93/AIP and N-acetylcysteine (NAC), respectively. We further tested the importance of Ox-CaMKIIδ by using hearts and cardiomyocytes from mice with CaMKIIδ resistant to oxidation of methionines 281 and 282 (MMVV). RESULTS Hearts treated with KN93, AIP or NAC had lower incidence of early IRA, and NAC-treated cardiomyocytes had lower incidence of arrhythmogenic events. However, hearts from MMVV mice had a similar incidence of early IRA to wild type mice (WT), and MMVV and WT cardiomyocytes had a similar frequency of Ca2+ waves and Ca2+ sparks. Immunoblotting confirmed high levels of oxidation in early reperfusion, but revealed no significant differences in the phosphorylation levels of Ca2+-handling proteins in MMVV and WT hearts. CONCLUSIONS Although CaMKII and ROS both contribute to early IRA, hearts from mice with CaMKII resistant to oxidation at methionines 281/282 were not protected from such arrhythmias, suggesting that oxidation at these sites is not a determining factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Haugsten Hansen
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; KG Jebsen Centre for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mani Sadredini
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; KG Jebsen Centre for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Almira Hasic
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; KG Jebsen Centre for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mark E Anderson
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ivar Sjaastad
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; KG Jebsen Centre for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mathis Korseberg Stokke
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; KG Jebsen Centre for Cardiac Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.
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13
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Liu L, Zhou K, Liu X, Hua Y, Wang H, Li Y. The interplay between cardiac dyads and mitochondria regulated the calcium handling in cardiomyocytes. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1013817. [PMID: 36531185 PMCID: PMC9755166 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1013817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium mishandling and mitochondrial dysfunction have been increasingly recognized as significant factors involved in the progression procedure of cardiomyopathy. Ca2+ mishandling could cause calcium-triggered arrhythmias, which could enhance force development and ATP consumption. Mitochondrial disorganization and dysfunction in cardiomyopathy could disturb the balance of energy catabolic and anabolic procedure. Close spatial localization and arrangement of structural among T-tubule, sarcoplasmic reticulum, mitochondria are important for Ca2+ handling. So that, we illustrate the regulating network between calcium handling and mitochondrial homeostasis, as well as its intracellular mechanisms in this review, which would be worthy to develop novel therapeutic strategy and restore the function of injured cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Hua Wang
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yifei Li
- Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children of MOE, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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14
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Maione AS, Faris P, Iengo L, Catto V, Bisonni L, Lodola F, Negri S, Casella M, Guarino A, Polvani G, Cerrone M, Tondo C, Pompilio G, Sommariva E, Moccia F. Ca 2+ dysregulation in cardiac stromal cells sustains fibro-adipose remodeling in Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy and can be modulated by flecainide. J Transl Med 2022; 20:522. [PMID: 36371290 PMCID: PMC9652790 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-022-03742-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cardiac mesenchymal stromal cells (C-MSC) were recently shown to differentiate into adipocytes and myofibroblasts to promote the aberrant remodeling of cardiac tissue that characterizes arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (ACM). A calcium (Ca2+) signaling dysfunction, mainly demonstrated in mouse models, is recognized as a mechanism impacting arrhythmic risk in ACM cardiomyocytes. Whether similar mechanisms influence ACM C-MSC fate is still unknown. Thus, we aim to ascertain whether intracellular Ca2+ oscillations and the Ca2+ toolkit are altered in human C-MSC obtained from ACM patients, and to assess their link with C-MSC-specific ACM phenotypes. METHODS AND RESULTS ACM C-MSC show enhanced spontaneous Ca2+ oscillations and concomitant increased Ca2+/Calmodulin dependent kinase II (CaMKII) activation compared to control cells. This is manly linked to a constitutive activation of Store-Operated Ca2+ Entry (SOCE), which leads to enhanced Ca2+ release from the endoplasmic reticulum through inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors. By targeting the Ca2+ handling machinery or CaMKII activity, we demonstrated a causative link between Ca2+ oscillations and fibro-adipogenic differentiation of ACM C-MSC. Genetic silencing of the desmosomal gene PKP2 mimics the remodelling of the Ca2+ signalling machinery occurring in ACM C-MSC. The anti-arrhythmic drug flecainide inhibits intracellular Ca2+ oscillations and fibro-adipogenic differentiation by selectively targeting SOCE. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, our results extend the knowledge of Ca2+ dysregulation in ACM to the stromal compartment, as an etiologic mechanism of C-MSC-related ACM phenotypes. A new mode of action of flecainide on a novel mechanistic target is unveiled against the fibro-adipose accumulation in ACM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela S Maione
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Via Parea 4, 20138, Milan, Italy.
| | - Pawan Faris
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Lara Iengo
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Via Parea 4, 20138, Milan, Italy
| | - Valentina Catto
- Department of Clinical Electrophysiology and Cardiac Pacing, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Bisonni
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Via Parea 4, 20138, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Lodola
- Laboratory of Cardiac Cellular Physiology, Department of Biotechnology and Bioscience, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Sharon Negri
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Michela Casella
- Department of Clinical Electrophysiology and Cardiac Pacing, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Cardiology and Arrhythmology Clinic, University Hospital "Umberto I-Salesi-Lancisi", Ancona, Italy
| | - Anna Guarino
- Cardiovascular Tissue Bank of Lombardy, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Gianluca Polvani
- Cardiovascular Tissue Bank of Lombardy, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Marina Cerrone
- Medicine, Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Heart Rhythm Center and Cardiovascular Genetics Program, New York University School of Medicine, New York, USA
| | - Claudio Tondo
- Department of Clinical Electrophysiology and Cardiac Pacing, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dentist Sciences, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulio Pompilio
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Via Parea 4, 20138, Milan, Italy
- Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dentist Sciences, University of Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Elena Sommariva
- Unit of Vascular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Via Parea 4, 20138, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Moccia
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology "Lazzaro Spallanzani", University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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15
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FGF5 protects heart from sepsis injury by attenuating cardiomyocyte pyroptosis through inhibiting CaMKII/NFκB signaling. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2022; 636:104-112. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.10.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Effects of Sacubitril/Valsartan on the Expression of CaMKII/Cav1.2 in Atrial Fibrillation Stimulation Rabbit Model. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/5832543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objective. Atrial fibrillation (AF) is linked to high morbidity and death rates throughout the world due to limited therapeutic options and thus presents a major challenge to the developed and developing countries. In this study, we aim to investigate the influence of sacubitril/valsartan (sac/val) treatment on the calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII)/Cav1.2 expression in AF models. Methods. Overall, 18 rabbits were randomly divided into control, pacing (600 beats/min), and pacing+sac/val groups. The rabbits in the pacing+sac/val cohort received oral sac/val (10 mg/kg twice daily) across the 21-day investigation period. After three weeks, the atrial effective refractory period (AERP) and AF induction rate were compared. HL-1 cultures were exposed to fast pacing (24 h) with and without LBQ657 (active sacubitril form)/valsartan. Western blots were used for detecting Cav1.2 and CaMKII expression within atrial muscles of the rabbits and HL-1 cultures of AF model. Results. In comparison to the sham cohort, the AF induction rate was markedly increased together with AERP reduction within pacing cohort. Such changes were markedly rescued through sac/val treatment in pacing+sac/val cohort. The proteomic expression profiles of CaMKII and Cav1.2 showed that the CaMKII expression was markedly upregulated, while Cav1.2 expression was downregulated in the pacing cohort. Importantly, these effects were absent in pacing+sac/val cohort. Conclusion. Results of this study show that sac/val treatment regulates the expression of CaMKII/Cav1.2 and could alter this pathway in atrial rapid electrical stimulation models. Therefore, this investigation could contribute to a novel strategy in AF therapeutics in clinical settings.
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17
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Hua Y, Qian J, Cao J, Wang X, Zhang W, Zhang J. Ca2+/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase II Regulation by Inhibitor of Receptor Interacting Protein Kinase 3 Alleviates Necroptosis in Glycation End Products-Induced Cardiomyocytes Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23136988. [PMID: 35805993 PMCID: PMC9266390 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23136988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Necroptosisis a regulatory programmed form of necrosis. Receptor interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3) is a robust indicator of necroptosis. RIPK3 mediates myocardial necroptosis through activation of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) in cardiac ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury and heart failure. However, the exact mechanism of RIPK3 in advanced glycation end products (AGEs)-induced cardiomyocytes necroptosis is not clear. In this study, cardiomyocytes were subjected to AGEs stimulation for 24 h. RIPK3 expression, CaMKII expression, and necroptosis were determined in cardiomyocytes after AGEs stimulation. Then, cardiomyocytes were transfected with RIPK3 siRNA to downregulate RIPK3 followed by AGEs stimulation for 24 h. CaMKIIδ alternative splicing, CaMKII activity, oxidative stress, necroptosis, and cell damage were detected again. Next, cardiomyocytes were pretreated with GSK′872, a specific RIPK3 inhibitor to assess whether it could protect cardiomyocytes against AGEs stimulation. We found that AGEs increased the expression of RIPK3, aggravated the disorder of CaMKII δ alternative splicing, promoted CaMKII activation, enhanced oxidative stress, induced necroptosis, and damaged cardiomyocytes. RIPK3 downregulation or RIPK3 inhibitor GSK′872 corrected CaMKIIδ alternative splicing disorder, inhibited CaMKII activation, reduced oxidative stress, attenuated necroptosis, and improved cell damage in cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyun Hua
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China; (Y.H.); (J.Q.); (J.C.); (X.W.)
| | - Jianan Qian
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China; (Y.H.); (J.Q.); (J.C.); (X.W.)
| | - Ji Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China; (Y.H.); (J.Q.); (J.C.); (X.W.)
| | - Xue Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China; (Y.H.); (J.Q.); (J.C.); (X.W.)
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China; (Y.H.); (J.Q.); (J.C.); (X.W.)
- School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
- Correspondence: (W.Z.); (J.Z.); Tel.: +86-513-8505-1726 (J.Z.); Fax: +86-513-8505-1728 (J.Z.)
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China; (Y.H.); (J.Q.); (J.C.); (X.W.)
- School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong 226001, China
- Correspondence: (W.Z.); (J.Z.); Tel.: +86-513-8505-1726 (J.Z.); Fax: +86-513-8505-1728 (J.Z.)
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18
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Cao J, Zhang J, Qian J, Wang X, Zhang W, Chen X. Ca 2+/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase II Regulation by RIPK3 Alleviates Necroptosis in Transverse Arch Constriction-Induced Heart Failure. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:847362. [PMID: 35571197 PMCID: PMC9097920 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.847362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Some studies have reported that the activation of Ca2+/calmodulin dependent protein kinase (CaMKII) plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. Moreover, receptor interacting protein kinase 3 (RIPK3)-mediated necroptosis is also involved in the pathological process of various heart diseases. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the effect of RIPK3-regulated CaMKII on necroptosis in heart failure (HF) and its underlying mechanism. Wild type (WT) and RIPK3-depleted (RIPK3–/–) mice were treated with transverse arch constriction (TAC). After 6 weeks, echocardiography, myocardial injury, CaMKII activity, necroptosis, RIPK3 expression, mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein (MLKL) phosphorylation, and mitochondrial ultrastructure were measured. The results showed that TAC aggravated cardiac dysfunction, CaMKII activation, and necroptosis in WT mice. However, depletion of RIPK3 alleviated cardiac insufficiency, CaMKII activation, and necroptosis in TAC-treated mice. To verify the experimental results, WT mice were transfected with AAV-vector and AAV-RIPK3 shRNA, followed by TAC operation. The findings were consistent with the expected results. Collectively, our current data indicated that the activation of CaMKII, MLKL and necroptosis in HF mice were increased in a RIPK3-dependent manner, providing valuable insights into the pathogenesis and treatment strategy of HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Cao
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jingjing Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, China.,School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Jianan Qian
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xue Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, Nantong, China.,School of Medicine, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xiangfan Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Nantong First People's Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
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Ageing Increases Cardiac Electrical Remodelling in Rats and Mice via NOX4/ROS/CaMKII-Mediated Calcium Signalling. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:8538296. [PMID: 35387264 PMCID: PMC8979732 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8538296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Objective Ageing is one of the risk factors associated with cardiovascular diseases including cardiac arrhythmias and heart failure. Ageing-related cardiac dysfunction involves a complicated pathophysiological progress. Abnormal membrane voltage and Ca2+ dynamics in aged cardiomyocytes contribute to ageing-related arrhythmias. However, its underlying mechanisms have not been well clarified. Methods Young and old rats or mice were included in this study. Cardiac electrophysiological properties and functions were assessed by ECG, echocardiography, and ex vivo heart voltage and Ca2+ optical mapping. Proteomics, phosphor-proteomics, Western blotting, Masson staining, and ROS measurement were used to investigate the underlying mechanisms. Results Ageing increased the incidence of cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis in rats. Moreover, ageing increased the occurrence of ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation induced by rapid pacing and during isoprenaline (ISO) (1 mg/kg i.p.) challenge in mice in vivo. Optical mapping with dual dyes (membrane voltage (Vm) dye and intracellular Ca2+ dye) simultaneously recording revealed that ageing increased the action potential duration (APD) and Ca2+ transient duration (CaTD) and slowed the ventricular conduction with the Langendorff-perfused mouse heart. More importantly, ageing increased the ISO-induced (1 μM) changes of APD (ΔAPD80) and CaTD (ΔCaTD50). Ageing also delayed the decay of Ca2+ transient by extending the decay time constant from 30% to 90% (τ30−90). In addition, ageing decreased the Vm/Ca2+ latency which represented the coupling of Vm/Ca2+ including between the midpoint of AP depolarization and Ca2+ upstroke, peak transmembrane voltage and peak cytosolic calcium, and time to 50% voltage repolarization and extrusion of cytosolic calcium. Optical mapping also revealed that ageing increased the ISO-induced arrhythmia incidence and occurrence of the excitation rotor. Proteomics and phosphor-proteomics assays from rat hearts demonstrated ageing-induced protein and phosphor-protein changes, suggesting that CaMKII was involved in ageing-induced change. Ageing increased the level of ROS and the expression of NOX4, oxidative CaMKII (ox-CaMKII), phosphorated CaMKII (p-CaMKII), and periostin. Conclusion Ageing accelerates cardiac remodelling and increases the susceptibility to ventricular arrhythmias through NOX4/ROS/CaMKII pathway-mediated abnormal membrane voltage and intracellular Ca2+ handling and Vm/Ca2+ coupling.
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Salvatore T, Galiero R, Caturano A, Rinaldi L, Di Martino A, Albanese G, Di Salvo J, Epifani R, Marfella R, Docimo G, Lettieri M, Sardu C, Sasso FC. An Overview of the Cardiorenal Protective Mechanisms of SGLT2 Inhibitors. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:3651. [PMID: 35409011 PMCID: PMC8998569 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors block glucose reabsorption in the renal proximal tubule, an insulin-independent mechanism that plays a critical role in glycemic regulation in diabetes. In addition to their glucose-lowering effects, SGLT2 inhibitors prevent both renal damage and the onset of chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular events, in particular heart failure with both reduced and preserved ejection fraction. These unexpected benefits prompted changes in treatment guidelines and scientific interest in the underlying mechanisms. Aside from the target effects of SGLT2 inhibition, a wide spectrum of beneficial actions is described for the kidney and the heart, even though the cardiac tissue does not express SGLT2 channels. Correction of cardiorenal risk factors, metabolic adjustments ameliorating myocardial substrate utilization, and optimization of ventricular loading conditions through effects on diuresis, natriuresis, and vascular function appear to be the main underlying mechanisms for the observed cardiorenal protection. Additional clinical advantages associated with using SGLT2 inhibitors are antifibrotic effects due to correction of inflammation and oxidative stress, modulation of mitochondrial function, and autophagy. Much research is required to understand the numerous and complex pathways involved in SGLT2 inhibition. This review summarizes the current known mechanisms of SGLT2-mediated cardiorenal protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Salvatore
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Via De Crecchio 7, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Galiero
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Piazza Luigi Miraglia 2, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Alfredo Caturano
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Piazza Luigi Miraglia 2, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Luca Rinaldi
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Piazza Luigi Miraglia 2, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Di Martino
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Piazza Luigi Miraglia 2, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Gaetana Albanese
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Piazza Luigi Miraglia 2, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Jessica Di Salvo
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Piazza Luigi Miraglia 2, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaella Epifani
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Piazza Luigi Miraglia 2, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaele Marfella
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Piazza Luigi Miraglia 2, 80138 Naples, Italy
- Mediterrannea Cardiocentro, 80122 Napoli, Italy
| | - Giovanni Docimo
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Piazza Luigi Miraglia 2, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Miriam Lettieri
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, 3.31 Core Technology Facility, 46 Grafton Street, Manchester M13 9NT, UK
| | - Celestino Sardu
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Piazza Luigi Miraglia 2, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Carlo Sasso
- Department of Advanced Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Piazza Luigi Miraglia 2, 80138 Naples, Italy
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The Oxidative Balance Orchestrates the Main Keystones of the Functional Activity of Cardiomyocytes. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:7714542. [PMID: 35047109 PMCID: PMC8763515 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7714542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This review is aimed at providing an overview of the key hallmarks of cardiomyocytes in physiological and pathological conditions. The main feature of cardiac tissue is the force generation through contraction. This process requires a conspicuous energy demand and therefore an active metabolism. The cardiac tissue is rich of mitochondria, the powerhouses in cells. These organelles, producing ATP, are also the main sources of ROS whose altered handling can cause their accumulation and therefore triggers detrimental effects on mitochondria themselves and other cell components thus leading to apoptosis and cardiac diseases. This review highlights the metabolic aspects of cardiomyocytes and wanders through the main systems of these cells: (a) the unique structural organization (such as different protein complexes represented by contractile, regulatory, and structural proteins); (b) the homeostasis of intracellular Ca2+ that represents a crucial ion for cardiac functions and E-C coupling; and (c) the balance of Zn2+, an ion with a crucial impact on the cardiovascular system. Although each system seems to be independent and finely controlled, the contractile proteins, intracellular Ca2+ homeostasis, and intracellular Zn2+ signals are strongly linked to each other by the intracellular ROS management in a fascinating way to form a "functional tetrad" which ensures the proper functioning of the myocardium. Nevertheless, if ROS balance is not properly handled, one or more of these components could be altered resulting in deleterious effects leading to an unbalance of this "tetrad" and promoting cardiovascular diseases. In conclusion, this "functional tetrad" is proposed as a complex network that communicates continuously in the cardiomyocytes and can drive the switch from physiological to pathological conditions in the heart.
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22
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Winkle AJ, Nassal DM, Shaheen R, Thomas E, Mohta S, Gratz D, Weinberg SH, Hund TJ. Emerging therapeutic targets for cardiac hypertrophy. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2022; 26:29-40. [PMID: 35076342 PMCID: PMC8885901 DOI: 10.1080/14728222.2022.2031974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cardiac hypertrophy is associated with adverse outcomes across cardiovascular disease states. Despite strides over the last three decades in identifying molecular and cellular mechanisms driving hypertrophy, the link between pathophysiological stress stimuli and specific myocyte/heart growth profiles remains unclear. Moreover, the optimal strategy for preventing pathology in the setting of hypertrophy remains controversial. AREAS COVERED This review discusses molecular mechanisms underlying cardiac hypertrophy with a focus on factors driving the orientation of myocyte growth and the impact on heart function. We highlight recent work showing a novel role for the spectrin-based cytoskeleton, emphasizing regulation of myocyte dimensions but not hypertrophy per se. Finally, we consider opportunities for directing the orientation of myocyte growth in response to hypertrophic stimuli as an alternative therapeutic approach. Relevant publications on the topic were identified through Pubmed with open-ended search dates. EXPERT OPINION To define new therapeutic avenues, more precision is required when describing changes in myocyte and heart structure/function in response to hypertrophic stimuli. Recent developments in computational modeling of hypertrophic networks, in concert with more refined experimental approaches will catalyze translational discovery to advance the field and further our understanding of cardiac hypertrophy and its relationship with heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander J Winkle
- The Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia, The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Drew M Nassal
- The Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia, The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Rebecca Shaheen
- The Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia, The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Evelyn Thomas
- The Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia, The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Shivangi Mohta
- The Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia, The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Daniel Gratz
- The Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia, The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Seth H Weinberg
- The Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia, The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Thomas J Hund
- The Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia, The Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, the Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA.,Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, the Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
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23
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Chronic Intermittent Hypoxia Regulates CaMKII-Dependent MAPK Signaling to Promote the Initiation of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2021:2502324. [PMID: 34970414 PMCID: PMC8714336 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2502324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is highly prevalent in patients with abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). However, the effects of OSA on AAA initiation in a murine model of sleep apnea have not been completely studied. In this paper, Apoe−/− C57BL/6 mice infused with angiotensin II (Ang II) were placed in chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) condition for inducing OSA-related AAA. CIH significantly promoted the incidence of AAA and inhibited the survival of mice. By performing ultrasonography and elastic Van Gieson staining, CIH was found to be effective in promoting aortic dilation and elastin degradation. Immunohistochemical and zymography results show that CIH upregulated the expression and activity of MMP2 and MMP9 and upregulated MCP1 expression while downregulating α-SMA expression. Also, CIH exposure promoted ROS generation, apoptosis, and mitochondria damage in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), which were measured by ROS assay, TUNEL staining, and transmission electron microscopy. The result of RNA sequencing of mouse aortas displayed that 232 mRNAs were differently expressed between Ang II and Ang II+CIH groups, and CaMKII-dependent p38/Jnk was confirmed as one downstream signaling of CIH. CaMKII-IN-1, an inhibitor of CaMKII, eliminated the effects of CIH on the loss of primary VSMCs. To conclude, a mouse model of OSA-related AAA, which contains the phenotypes of both AAA and OSA, was established in this study. We suggested CIH as a risk factor of AAA initiation through CaMKII-dependent MAPK signaling.
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24
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Pabel S, Hamdani N, Luedde M, Sossalla S. SGLT2 Inhibitors and Their Mode of Action in Heart Failure-Has the Mystery Been Unravelled? Curr Heart Fail Rep 2021; 18:315-328. [PMID: 34523061 PMCID: PMC8484236 DOI: 10.1007/s11897-021-00529-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW SGLT2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are new drugs for patients with heart failure (HF) irrespective of diabetes. However, the mechanisms of SGLT2i in HF remain elusive. This article discusses the current clinical evidence for using SGLT2i in different types of heart failure and provides an overview about the possible underlying mechanisms. RECENT FINDINGS Clinical and basic data strongly support and extend the use of SGLT2i in HF. Improvement of conventional secondary risk factors is unlikely to explain the prognostic benefits of these drugs in HF. However, different multidirectional mechanisms of SGLT2i could improve HF status including volume regulation, cardiorenal mechanisms, metabolic effects, improved cardiac remodelling, direct effects on cardiac contractility and ion-homeostasis, reduction of inflammation and oxidative stress as well as an impact on autophagy and adipokines. Further translational studies are needed to determine the mechanisms of SGLT2i in HF. However, basic and clinical evidence encourage the use of SGLT2i in HFrEF and possibly HFpEF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Pabel
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Centre Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Nazha Hamdani
- Department of Molecular and Experimental Cardiology and Department of Cardiology, St. Josef-Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Mark Luedde
- Department of Cardiology and Angiology, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Samuel Sossalla
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Centre Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany. .,Clinic for Cardiology and Pneumology, Georg-August University Göttingen, and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.
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25
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Belevych AE, Bogdanov V, Terentyev DA, Gyorke S. Acute Detubulation of Ventricular Myocytes Amplifies the Inhibitory Effect of Cholinergic Agonist on Intracellular Ca 2+ Transients. Front Physiol 2021; 12:725798. [PMID: 34512394 PMCID: PMC8427700 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.725798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscarinic receptors expressed in cardiac myocytes play a critical role in the regulation of heart function by the parasympathetic nervous system. How the structural organization of cardiac myocytes affects the regulation of Ca2+ handling by muscarinic receptors is not well-defined. Using confocal Ca2+ imaging, patch-clamp techniques, and immunocytochemistry, the relationship between t-tubule density and cholinergic regulation of intracellular Ca2+ in normal murine ventricular myocytes and myocytes with acute disruption of the t-tubule system caused by formamide treatment was studied. The inhibitory effect of muscarinic receptor agonist carbachol (CCh, 10 μM) on the amplitude of Ca2+ transients, evoked by field-stimulation in the presence of 100 nM isoproterenol (Iso), a β-adrenergic agonist, was directly proportional to the level of myocyte detubulation. The timing of the maximal rate of fluorescence increase of fluo-4, a Ca2+-sensitive dye, was used to classify image pixels into the regions functionally coupled or uncoupled to the sarcolemmal Ca2+ influx (ICa). CCh decreased the fraction of coupled regions and suppressed Ca2+ propagation from sarcolemma inside the cell. Formamide treatment reduced ICa density and decreased sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ content. CCh did not change SR Ca2+ content in Iso-stimulated control and formamide-treated myocytes. CCh inhibited peak ICa recorded in the presence of Iso by ∼20% in both the control and detubulated myocytes. Reducing ICa amplitude up to 40% by changing the voltage step levels from 0 to –25 mV decreased Ca2+ transients in formamide-treated but not in control myocytes in the presence of Iso. CCh inhibited CaMKII activity, whereas CaMKII inhibition with KN93 mimicked the effect of CCh on Ca2+ transients in formamide-treated myocytes. It was concluded that the downregulation of t-tubules coupled with the diminished efficiency of excitation–contraction coupling, increases the sensitivity of Ca2+ release and propagation to muscarinic receptor-mediated inhibition of both ICa and CaMKII activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andriy E Belevych
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.,Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Vladimir Bogdanov
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.,Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Dmitry A Terentyev
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.,Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Sandor Gyorke
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.,Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
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26
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Sadredini M, Manotheepan R, Lehnart SE, Anderson ME, Sjaastad I, Stokke MK. The oxidation-resistant CaMKII-MM281/282VV mutation does not prevent arrhythmias in CPVT1. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e15030. [PMID: 34558218 PMCID: PMC8461029 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.15030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia type 1 (CPVT1) is an inherited arrhythmogenic disorder caused by missense mutations in the cardiac ryanodine receptors (RyR2), that result in increased β-adrenoceptor stimulation-induced diastolic Ca2+ leak. We have previously shown that exercise training prevents arrhythmias in CPVT1, potentially by reducing the oxidation of Ca2+ /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II (CaMKII). Therefore, we tested whether an oxidation-resistant form of CaMKII protects mice carrying the CPVT1-causative mutation RyR2-R2474S (RyR2-RS) against arrhythmias. Antioxidant treatment (N-acetyl-L-cysteine) reduced the frequency of β-adrenoceptor stimulation-induced arrhythmogenic Ca2+ waves in isolated cardiomyocytes from RyR2-RS mice. To test whether the prevention of CaMKII oxidation exerts an antiarrhythmic effect, mice expressing the oxidation-resistant CaMKII-MM281/282VV variant (MMVV) were crossed with RyR2-RS mice to create a double transgenic model (RyR2-RS/MMVV). Wild-type mice served as controls. Telemetric ECG surveillance revealed an increased incidence of ventricular tachycardia and an increased arrhythmia score in both RyR2-RS and RyR2-RS/MMVV compared to wild-type mice, both following a β-adrenoceptor challenge (isoprenaline i.p.), and following treadmill exercise combined with a β-adrenoceptor challenge. There were no differences in the incidence of arrhythmias between RyR2-RS and RyR2-RS/MMVV mice. Furthermore, no differences were observed in β-adrenoceptor stimulation-induced Ca2+ waves in RyR2-RS/MMVV compared to RyR2-RS. In conclusion, antioxidant treatment reduces β-adrenoceptor stimulation-induced Ca2+ waves in RyR2-RS cardiomyocytes. However, oxidation-resistant CaMKII-MM281/282VV does not protect RyR2-RS mice from β-adrenoceptor stimulation-induced Ca2+ waves or arrhythmias. Hence, alternative oxidation-sensitive targets need to be considered to explain the beneficial effect of antioxidant treatment on Ca2+ waves in cardiomyocytes from RyR2-RS mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mani Sadredini
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research and KG Jebsen Cardiac Research CentreOslo University Hospital and University of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Ravinea Manotheepan
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research and KG Jebsen Cardiac Research CentreOslo University Hospital and University of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Stephan E. Lehnart
- Heart Research Center GöttingenDepartment of Cardiology and PulmonologyUniversity Medical Center GöttingenGeorg August University GöttingenGöttingenGermany
- Cluster of Excellence “Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells” (MBExC)University of GöttingenGöttingenGermany
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research)GöttingenGermany
| | - Mark E. Anderson
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of MedicineThe Johns Hopkins University School of MedicineBaltimoreUSA
| | - Ivar Sjaastad
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research and KG Jebsen Cardiac Research CentreOslo University Hospital and University of OsloOsloNorway
| | - Mathis K. Stokke
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research and KG Jebsen Cardiac Research CentreOslo University Hospital and University of OsloOsloNorway
- Department of CardiologyOslo University HospitalRikshospitaletOsloNorway
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27
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Baier MJ, Noack J, Seitz MT, Maier LS, Neef S. Phosphorylation of RyR2 Ser-2814 by CaMKII mediates β1-adrenergic stress induced Ca 2+ -leak from the sarcoplasmic reticulum. FEBS Open Bio 2021; 11:2756-2762. [PMID: 34403217 PMCID: PMC8487045 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Adrenergic stimulation, while being the central mechanism of cardiac positive inotropy, is a universally acknowledged inductor of undesirable sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ leak. However, the exact mechanisms for this remained unspecified so far. This study shows that Ca2+/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII)‐specific phosphorylation of ryanodine receptor type 2 at Ser‐2814 is the pivotal mechanism by which SR Ca2+ leak develops downstream of β1‐adrenergic stress by increase of the leak/load relationship. Cardiomyocytes with a Ser‐2814 phosphoresistant mutation (S2814A) were protected from isoproterenol‐induced SR Ca2+ leak and consequently displayed improved postrest potentiation of systolic Ca2+ release under adrenergic stress compared to littermate wild‐type cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria J Baier
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jannis Noack
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center Regensburg, Germany
| | - Mark Tilmann Seitz
- Department of Trauma Surgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, University Medical Center Göttingen, Germany
| | - Lars S Maier
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Neef
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center Regensburg, Germany
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28
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Berchtold MW, Munk M, Kulej K, Porth I, Lorentzen L, Panina S, Zacharias T, Larsen MR, la Cour JM. The heart arrhythmia-linked D130G calmodulin mutation causes premature inhibitory autophosphorylation of CaMKII. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2021; 1868:119119. [PMID: 34391760 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2021.119119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The Ca2+/calmodulin (CaM)-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) is well known for transmitting Ca2+-signals, which leads to a multitude of physiological responses. Its functionality is believed to involve CaMKII holoenzyme dynamics where trans-autophosphorylation of the crucial phosphorylation site, T286 occurs. Phosphorylation of this site does not occur when stimulated exclusively with the arrhythmia associated D130G mutant form of CaM in vitro. Here, we present evidence that the loss-of-CaMKII function correlates with premature phosphorylation of its inhibitory phosphosite T306 in CaMKIIα and T307 in CaMKIIδ as this site was up to 20-fold more phosphorylated in the presence of D130G CaM compared to wildtype CaM. Indeed, changing this phosphosite to a non-phosphorylatable alanine reversed the inhibitory effect of D130G both in vitro and in live cell experiments. In addition, several phosphosites with so far undescribed functions directing the Ca2+-sensitivity of the CaMKII sensor were also affected by the presence of the D130G mutation implicating a role of several additional autophosphosites (besides T286 and T306/T307) so far not known to regulate CaMKII Ca2+ sensitivity. Furthermore, we show that introducing a D130G mutation in the CALM2 gene of the P19CL6 pluripotent mouse embryonic carcinoma cell line using CRISPR/Cas9 decreased the spontaneous beat frequency compared to wildtype cells when differentiated into cardiomyocytes supporting an alteration of cardiomyocyte physiology caused by this point mutation. In conclusion, our observations shed for the first time light on how the D130G CaM mutation interferes with the function of CaMKII and how it affects the beating frequency of cardiomyocyte-like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mads Munk
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katarzyna Kulej
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Isabel Porth
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lasse Lorentzen
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Svetlana Panina
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; MonTa Biosciences ApS, Diplomvej 381, 2800 kgs Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Martin R Larsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark
| | - Jonas M la Cour
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; ChemoMetec A/S, Gydevang 43, 3450 Lillerød, Denmark
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29
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Veitch CR, Power AS, Erickson JR. CaMKII Inhibition is a Novel Therapeutic Strategy to Prevent Diabetic Cardiomyopathy. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:695401. [PMID: 34381362 PMCID: PMC8350113 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.695401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus worldwide has pushed the complex disease state to the foreground of biomedical research, especially concerning its multifaceted impacts on the cardiovascular system. Current therapies for diabetic cardiomyopathy have had a positive impact, but with diabetic patients still suffering from a significantly greater burden of cardiac pathology compared to the general population, the need for novel therapeutic approaches is great. A new therapeutic target, calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII), has emerged as a potential treatment option for preventing cardiac dysfunction in the setting of diabetes. Within the last 10 years, new evidence has emerged describing the pathophysiological consequences of CaMKII activation in the diabetic heart, the mechanisms that underlie persistent CaMKII activation, and the protective effects of CaMKII inhibition to prevent diabetic cardiomyopathy. This review will examine recent evidence tying cardiac dysfunction in diabetes to CaMKII activation. It will then discuss the current understanding of the mechanisms by which CaMKII activity is enhanced during diabetes. Finally, it will examine the benefits of CaMKII inhibition to treat diabetic cardiomyopathy, including contractile dysfunction, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, and arrhythmogenesis. We intend this review to serve as a critical examination of CaMKII inhibition as a therapeutic strategy, including potential drawbacks of this approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R Veitch
- Department of Physiology and HeartOtago, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Amelia S Power
- Department of Physiology and HeartOtago, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Jeffrey R Erickson
- Department of Physiology and HeartOtago, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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30
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Sadredini M, Haugsten Hansen M, Frisk M, Louch WE, Lehnart SE, Sjaastad I, Stokke MK. CaMKII inhibition has dual effects on spontaneous Ca 2+ release and Ca 2+ alternans in ventricular cardiomyocytes from mice with a gain-of-function RyR2 mutation. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2021; 321:H446-H460. [PMID: 34270372 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00011.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
In conditions with abnormally increased activity of the cardiac ryanodine receptor (RyR2), Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) can contribute to a further destabilization of RyR2 that results in triggered arrhythmias. Therefore, inhibition of CaMKII in such conditions has been suggested as a strategy to suppress RyR2 activity and arrhythmias. However, suppression of RyR2 activity can lead to the development of arrhythmogenic Ca2+ alternans. The aim of this study was to test whether the suppression of RyR2 activity caused by inhibition of CaMKII increases propensity for Ca2+ alternans. We studied spontaneous Ca2+ release events and Ca2+ alternans in isolated left ventricular cardiomyocytes from mice carrying the gain-of-function RyR2 mutation RyR2-R2474S and from wild-type mice. CaMKII inhibition by KN-93 effectively decreased the frequency of spontaneous Ca2+ release events in RyR2-R2474S cardiomyocytes exposed to the β-adrenoceptor agonist isoprenaline. However, KN-93-treated RyR2-R2474S cardiomyocytes also showed increased propensity for Ca2+ alternans and increased Ca2+ alternans ratio compared with both an inactive analog of KN-93 and with vehicle-treated controls. This increased propensity for Ca2+ alternans was explained by prolongation of Ca2+ release refractoriness. Importantly, the increased propensity for Ca2+ alternans in KN-93-treated RyR2-R2474S cardiomyocytes did not surpass that of wild type. In conclusion, inhibition of CaMKII efficiently reduces spontaneous Ca2+ release but promotes Ca2+ alternans in RyR2-R2474S cardiomyocytes with a gain-of-function RyR2 mutation. The dominant effect in RyR2-R2474S is to reduce spontaneous Ca2+ release, which supports this intervention as a therapeutic strategy in this specific condition. However, future studies on CaMKII inhibition in conditions with increased propensity for Ca2+ alternans should include investigation of both phenomena.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Genetically increased RyR2 activity promotes arrhythmogenic Ca2+ release. Inhibition of CaMKII suppresses RyR2 activity and arrhythmogenic Ca2+ release. Suppression of RyR2 activity prolongs refractoriness of Ca2+ release. Prolonged refractoriness of Ca2+ release leads to arrhythmogenic Ca2+ alternans. CaMKII inhibition promotes Ca2+ alternans by prolonging Ca2+ release refractoriness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mani Sadredini
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marie Haugsten Hansen
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Michael Frisk
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - William E Louch
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stephan E Lehnart
- Department of Cardiology and Pulmonology, Heart Research Center Göttingen, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,Cluster of Excellence "Multiscale Bioimaging: from Molecular Machines to Networks of Excitable Cells" (MBExC), University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany.,DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ivar Sjaastad
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mathis Korseberg Stokke
- Institute for Experimental Medical Research, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,KG Jebsen Cardiac Research Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Cardiology, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
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31
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Siri-Angkul N, Dadfar B, Jaleel R, Naushad J, Parambathazhath J, Doye AA, Xie LH, Gwathmey JK. Calcium and Heart Failure: How Did We Get Here and Where Are We Going? Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147392. [PMID: 34299010 PMCID: PMC8306046 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence and prevalence of heart failure remain high in the United States as well as globally. One person dies every 30 s from heart disease. Recognizing the importance of heart failure, clinicians and scientists have sought better therapeutic strategies and even cures for end-stage heart failure. This exploration has resulted in many failed clinical trials testing novel classes of pharmaceutical drugs and even gene therapy. As a result, along the way, there have been paradigm shifts toward and away from differing therapeutic approaches. The continued prevalence of death from heart failure, however, clearly demonstrates that the heart is not simply a pump and instead forces us to consider the complexity of simplicity in the pathophysiology of heart failure and reinforces the need to discover new therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natthaphat Siri-Angkul
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers University-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
- Cardiac Electrophysiology Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Behzad Dadfar
- Department of General Medicine, School of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari 1471655836, Iran
| | - Riya Jaleel
- School of International Education, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
| | - Jazna Naushad
- Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Doha P. O. Box 24144, Qatar
| | | | | | - Lai-Hua Xie
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers University-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
| | - Judith K. Gwathmey
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Medicine, Rutgers University-New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ 07103, USA
- Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +973-972-2411; Fax: +973-972-7489
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Li Y, Zhang Z, Li S, Yu T, Jia Z. Therapeutic Effects of Traditional Chinese Medicine on Cardiovascular Diseases: the Central Role of Calcium Signaling. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:682273. [PMID: 34305595 PMCID: PMC8299363 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.682273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium, as a second messenger, plays an important role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The malfunction of calcium signaling in endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells promotes hypertension. In cardiomyocytes, calcium overload induces apoptosis, leading to myocardial infarction and arrhythmias. Moreover, the calcium–calcineurin–nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) pathway is essential for expressing the cardiac pro-hypertrophic gene. Heart failure is also characterized by reduced calcium transient amplitude and enhanced sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) calcium leakage. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been used to treat CVDs for thousands of years in China. Because of its multicomponent and multitarget characteristics, TCM's unique advantages in CVD treatment are closely related to the modulation of multiple calcium handling proteins and calcium signaling pathways in different types of cells involved in distinct CVDs. Thus, we systematically review the diverse mechanisms of TCM in regulating calcium pathways to treat various types of CVDs, ranging from hypertrophic cardiomyopathy to diabetic heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Li
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhang Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Sen Li
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhaoqi Jia
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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Ca 2+/calmodulin kinase II-dependent regulation of β IV-spectrin modulates cardiac fibroblast gene expression, proliferation, and contractility. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:100893. [PMID: 34153319 PMCID: PMC8294584 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is a pronounced feature of heart disease and the result of dysregulated activation of resident cardiac fibroblasts (CFs). Recent work identified stress-induced degradation of the cytoskeletal protein βIV-spectrin as an important step in CF activation and cardiac fibrosis. Furthermore, loss of βIV-spectrin was found to depend on Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII). Therefore, we sought to determine the mechanism for CaMKII-dependent regulation of βIV-spectrin and CF activity. Computational screening and MS revealed a critical serine residue (S2250 in mouse and S2254 in human) in βIV-spectrin phosphorylated by CaMKII. Disruption of βIV-spectrin/CaMKII interaction or alanine substitution of βIV-spectrin Ser2250 (βIV-S2254A) prevented CaMKII-induced degradation, whereas a phosphomimetic construct (βIV-spectrin with glutamic acid substitution at serine 2254 [βIV-S2254E]) showed accelerated degradation in the absence of CaMKII. To assess the physiological significance of this phosphorylation event, we expressed exogenous βIV-S2254A and βIV-S2254E constructs in βIV-spectrin-deficient CFs, which have increased proliferation and fibrotic gene expression compared with WT CFs. βIV-S2254A but not βIV-S2254E normalized CF proliferation, gene expression, and contractility. Pathophysiological targeting of βIV-spectrin phosphorylation and subsequent degradation was identified in CFs activated with the profibrotic ligand angiotensin II, resulting in increased proliferation and signal transducer and activation of transcription 3 nuclear accumulation. While therapeutic delivery of exogenous WT βIV-spectrin partially reversed these trends, βIV-S2254A completely negated increased CF proliferation and signal transducer and activation of transcription 3 translocation. Moreover, we observed βIV-spectrin phosphorylation and associated loss in total protein within human heart tissue following heart failure. Together, these data illustrate a considerable role for the βIV-spectrin/CaMKII interaction in activating profibrotic signaling.
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Dries E, Bardi I, Nunez-Toldra R, Meijlink B, Terracciano CM. CaMKII inhibition reduces arrhythmogenic Ca2+ events in subendocardial cryoinjured rat living myocardial slices. J Gen Physiol 2021; 153:212078. [PMID: 33956073 PMCID: PMC8105719 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.202012737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous Ca2+ release (SCR) can cause triggered activity and initiate arrhythmias. Intrinsic transmural heterogeneities in Ca2+ handling and their propensity to disease remodeling may differentially modulate SCR throughout the left ventricular (LV) wall and cause transmural differences in arrhythmia susceptibility. Here, we aimed to dissect the effect of cardiac injury on SCR in different regions in the intact LV myocardium using cryoinjury on rat living myocardial slices (LMS). We studied SCR under proarrhythmic conditions using a fluorescent Ca2+ indicator and high-resolution imaging in LMS from the subendocardium (ENDO) and subepicardium (EPI). Cryoinjury caused structural remodeling, with loss in T-tubule density and an increased time of Ca2+ transients to peak after injury. In ENDO LMS, the Ca2+ transient amplitude and decay phase were reduced, while these were not affected in EPI LMS after cryoinjury. The frequency of spontaneous whole-slice contractions increased in ENDO LMS without affecting EPI LMS after injury. Cryoinjury caused an increase in foci that generates SCR in both ENDO and EPI LMS. In ENDO LMS, SCRs were more closely distributed and had reduced latencies after cryoinjury, whereas this was not affected in EPI LMS. Inhibition of CaMKII reduced the number, distribution, and latencies of SCR, as well as whole-slice contractions in ENDO LMS, but not in EPI LMS after cryoinjury. Furthermore, CaMKII inhibition did not affect the excitation–contraction coupling in cryoinjured ENDO or EPI LMS. In conclusion, we demonstrate increased arrhythmogenic susceptibility in the injured ENDO. Our findings show involvement of CaMKII and highlight the need for region-specific targeting in cardiac therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eef Dries
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Lab of Experimental Cardiology, Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ifigeneia Bardi
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Bram Meijlink
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
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Liu Y, Shao Q, Cheng HJ, Li T, Zhang X, Callahan MF, Herrington D, Kitzman D, Zhao D, Cheng CP. Chronic Ca 2+/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase II Inhibition Rescues Advanced Heart Failure. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2021; 377:316-325. [PMID: 33722881 PMCID: PMC8140392 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.120.000361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) is upregulated in congestive heart failure (CHF), contributing to electrical, structural, and functional remodeling. CaMKII inhibition is known to improve CHF, but its direct cardiac effects in CHF remain unclear. We hypothesized that CaMKII inhibition improves cardiomyocyte function, [Ca2+]i regulation, and β-adrenergic reserve, thus improving advanced CHF. In a 16-week study, we compared plasma neurohormonal levels and left ventricular (LV)- and myocyte-functional and calcium transient ([Ca2+]iT) responses in male Sprague-Dawley rats (10/group) with CHF induced by isoproterenol (170 mg/kg sq for 2 days). In rats with CHF, we studied the effects of the CaMKII inhibitor KN-93 or its inactive analog KN-92 (n = 4) (70 µg/kg per day, mini-pump) for 4 weeks. Compared with controls, isoproterenol-treated rats had severe CHF with 5-fold-increased plasma norepinephrine and about 50% decreases in ejection fraction (EF) and LV contractility [slope of LV end-systolic pressure-LV end-systolic volume relation (EES)] but increased time constant of LV relaxation (τ). They also showed significantly reduced myocyte contraction [maximum rate of myocyte shortening (dL/dtmax)], relaxation (dL/dtmax), and [Ca2+]iT Isoproterenol superfusion caused significantly fewer increases in dL/dtmax and [Ca2+]iT KN-93 treatment prevented plasma norepinephrine elevation, with increased basal and acute isoproterenol-stimulated increases in EF and EES and decreased τ in CHF. KN-93 treatment preserved normal myocyte contraction, relaxation, [Ca2+]iT, and β-adrenergic reserve, whereas KN-92 treatment failed to improve LV and myocyte function, and plasma norepinephrine remained high in CHF. Thus, chronic CaMKII inhibition prevented CHF-induced activation of the sympathetic nervous system, restoring normal LV and cardiomyocyte basal and β-adrenergic-stimulated contraction, relaxation, and [Ca2+]iT, thereby playing a rescue role in advanced CHF. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: We investigated the therapeutic efficacy of late initiation of chronic Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) inhibition on progression of advanced congestive heart failure (CHF). Chronic CaMKII inhibition prevented CHF-induced activation of the sympathetic nervous system and restored normal intrinsic cardiomyocyte basal and β-adrenergic receptor-stimulated relaxation, contraction, and [Ca2+]i regulation, leading to reversal of CHF progression. These data provide new evidence that CaMKII inhibition is able and sufficient to rescue a failing heart, and thus cardiac CaMKII inhibition is a promising target for improving CHF treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yixi Liu
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China (Y.L.); Department of Cardiology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China (Q.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina (Y.L., Q.S., H.-J.C., T.L., X.Z., M.F.C., D.H., D.K., D.Z., C.-P.C.); Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China (T.L.); and Department of Cardiology, the Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (X.Z.)
| | - Qun Shao
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China (Y.L.); Department of Cardiology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China (Q.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina (Y.L., Q.S., H.-J.C., T.L., X.Z., M.F.C., D.H., D.K., D.Z., C.-P.C.); Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China (T.L.); and Department of Cardiology, the Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (X.Z.)
| | - Heng-Jie Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China (Y.L.); Department of Cardiology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China (Q.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina (Y.L., Q.S., H.-J.C., T.L., X.Z., M.F.C., D.H., D.K., D.Z., C.-P.C.); Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China (T.L.); and Department of Cardiology, the Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (X.Z.)
| | - Tiankai Li
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China (Y.L.); Department of Cardiology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China (Q.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina (Y.L., Q.S., H.-J.C., T.L., X.Z., M.F.C., D.H., D.K., D.Z., C.-P.C.); Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China (T.L.); and Department of Cardiology, the Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (X.Z.)
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China (Y.L.); Department of Cardiology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China (Q.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina (Y.L., Q.S., H.-J.C., T.L., X.Z., M.F.C., D.H., D.K., D.Z., C.-P.C.); Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China (T.L.); and Department of Cardiology, the Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (X.Z.)
| | - Michael F Callahan
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China (Y.L.); Department of Cardiology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China (Q.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina (Y.L., Q.S., H.-J.C., T.L., X.Z., M.F.C., D.H., D.K., D.Z., C.-P.C.); Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China (T.L.); and Department of Cardiology, the Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (X.Z.)
| | - David Herrington
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China (Y.L.); Department of Cardiology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China (Q.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina (Y.L., Q.S., H.-J.C., T.L., X.Z., M.F.C., D.H., D.K., D.Z., C.-P.C.); Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China (T.L.); and Department of Cardiology, the Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (X.Z.)
| | - Dalane Kitzman
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China (Y.L.); Department of Cardiology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China (Q.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina (Y.L., Q.S., H.-J.C., T.L., X.Z., M.F.C., D.H., D.K., D.Z., C.-P.C.); Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China (T.L.); and Department of Cardiology, the Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (X.Z.)
| | - David Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China (Y.L.); Department of Cardiology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China (Q.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina (Y.L., Q.S., H.-J.C., T.L., X.Z., M.F.C., D.H., D.K., D.Z., C.-P.C.); Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China (T.L.); and Department of Cardiology, the Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (X.Z.)
| | - Che-Ping Cheng
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China (Y.L.); Department of Cardiology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China (Q.S.); Department of Internal Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina (Y.L., Q.S., H.-J.C., T.L., X.Z., M.F.C., D.H., D.K., D.Z., C.-P.C.); Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China (T.L.); and Department of Cardiology, the Second Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China (X.Z.)
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Wei Z, Fei Y, Wang Q, Hou J, Cai X, Yang Y, Chen T, Xu Q, Wang Y, Li YG. Loss of Camk2n1 aggravates cardiac remodeling and malignant ventricular arrhythmia after myocardial infarction in mice via NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 167:243-257. [PMID: 33746041 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Inflammation response and subsequent ventricular remodeling are critically involved in the development of ventricular arrhythmia post myocardial infarction (MI). However, as the vital endogenous inhibitor of calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII), the effects of CaMKII inhibitor 1 (Camk2n1) on the process of arrhythmia substrate generation following MI remains unclear. In this study, we investigated the role of Camk2n1 in ventricular arrhythmia post-MI and the underlying mechanisms. METHODS AND RESULTS Camk2n1 was mainly expressed in cardiomyocytes and inhibited the phosphorylation of CaMKIIδ in the infarcted border zone. Compared to wild type (WT) littermates mice, Camk2n1 knockout mice (Camk2n1-/-) manifested exacerbated cardiac dysfunction, larger fibrosis area, higher incidence of premature ventricular contractions (PVCs) and higher vulnerability to ventricular tachycardia (VT) or ventricular fibrillation (VF) after MI. The results of RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) identified that excessive activation of NLRP3 inflammasome was responsible for aggravated inflammation response which led to adverse cardiac remodeling in Camk2n1-/- mice subjected to MI. More importantly, both in vivo and in vitro experiments verified that aggravated NLRP3 inflammasome activation occurred via CaMKIIδ-p38/JNK pathway in Camk2n1-/- mice. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, our results highlight the importance of Camk2n1 in alleviating ventricular remodeling and malignant ventricular arrhythmia post-MI by reducing cardiomyocytes inflammation activation via CaMKIIδ-p38/JNK-NLRP3 inflammasome pathway, targeting Camk2n1 might serve as a novel therapeutic strategy after MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixing Wei
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yudong Fei
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianwen Hou
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xingxing Cai
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuli Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Taizhong Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Quanfu Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuepeng Wang
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi-Gang Li
- Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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Mamoshina P, Rodriguez B, Bueno-Orovio A. Toward a broader view of mechanisms of drug cardiotoxicity. CELL REPORTS MEDICINE 2021; 2:100216. [PMID: 33763655 PMCID: PMC7974548 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2021.100216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cardiotoxicity, defined as toxicity that affects the heart, is one of the most common adverse drug effects. Numerous drugs have been shown to have the potential to induce lethal arrhythmias by affecting cardiac electrophysiology, which is the focus of current preclinical testing. However, a substantial number of drugs can also affect cardiac function beyond electrophysiology. Within this broader sense of cardiotoxicity, this review discusses the key drug-protein interactions known to be involved in cardiotoxic drug response. We cover adverse effects of anticancer, central nervous system, genitourinary system, gastrointestinal, antihistaminic, anti-inflammatory, and anti-infective agents, illustrating that many share mechanisms of cardiotoxicity, including contractility, mitochondrial function, and cellular signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Blanca Rodriguez
- Department of Computer Science, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Alfonso Bueno-Orovio
- Department of Computer Science, BHF Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Zhou H, Liu L, Ma X, Wang J, Yang J, Zhou X, Yang Y, Liu H. RIP1/RIP3/MLKL-mediated necroptosis contributes to vinblastine-induced myocardial damage. Mol Cell Biochem 2021; 476:1233-1243. [PMID: 33247805 PMCID: PMC7873015 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-020-03985-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Vinblastine (VBL) has been considered as a first-line anti-tumor drug for many years. However, vinblastine-caused myocardial damage has been continually reported. The underlying molecular mechanism of the myocardial damage remains unknown. Here, we show that vinblastine induces myocardial damage and necroptosis is involved in the vinblastine-induced myocardial damage both in vitro and in vivo. The results of WST-8 and flow cytometry analysis show that vinblastine causes damage to H9c2 cells, and the results of animal experiments show that vinblastine causes myocardial cell damage. The necrosome components, receptor-interacting protein 1 (RIP1) receptor-interacting protein 3 (RIP3), are significantly increased in vinblastine-treated H9c2 cells, primary neonatal rat ventricular myocytes and rat heart tissues. And the downstream substrate of RIP3, mixed lineage kinase domain like protein (MLKL) was also increased. Pre-treatment with necroptosis inhibitors partially inhibits the necrosome components and MLKL levels and alleviates vinblastine-induced myocardial injury both in vitro and in vivo. This study indicates that necroptosis participated in vinblastine-evoked myocardial cell death partially, which would be a potential target for relieving the chemotherapy-related myocardial damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiling Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
- Clinical Center for Gene Diagnosis and Therapy, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Lijun Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
- Clinical Center for Gene Diagnosis and Therapy, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Xiaolong Ma
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
- Clinical Center for Gene Diagnosis and Therapy, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Jinfu Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
- Clinical Center for Gene Diagnosis and Therapy, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Xinmin Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Yifeng Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Haidan Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
- Clinical Center for Gene Diagnosis and Therapy, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, 410011, Hunan, China.
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MD1 Depletion Predisposes to Ventricular Arrhythmias in the Setting of Myocardial Infarction. Heart Lung Circ 2020; 30:869-881. [PMID: 33257269 DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2020.09.938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myeloid differentiation protein 1 (MD1) is expressed in the human heart and is a negative regulator of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signalling. MD1 exerts anti-arrhythmic effects. AIM The aim of this study was to determine the role of MD1 in myocardial infarction (MI)-related ventricular arrhythmias (VAs). METHOD Myocardial infarction was induced by surgical ligation of the left anterior coronary artery in MD1 knockout (KO) mice and their wild-type littermates. Myocardial infarction-induced vulnerability to VAs and its underlying mechanisms were evaluated. RESULTS Myeloid differentiation protein 1 was downregulated in the MI mice. Myeloid differentiation protein 1 deficiency decreased post-MI left ventricular (LV) function and increased the infarct size. The MI mice exhibited prolonged action potential duration (APD), enhanced APD alternans thresholds, and a higher incidence of VAs. Myocardial infarction-induced LV fibrosis and inflammation decreased the expression levels of Kv4.2, Kv4.3, Kv1.5, and Kv2.1, increased Cav1.2 expression, and disturbed Ca2+ handling protein expression. These MI-induced adverse effects were further exacerbated in KO mice. Mechanistically, MD1 deletion markedly enhanced the activation of the TLR4/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) signalling pathway in post-MI mice. CONCLUSIONS Myeloid differentiation protein 1 deletion increases the vulnerability to VAs in post-MI mice. This is mainly caused by the aggravated maladaptive LV fibrosis and inflammation and interference with the expressions of ion channels and Ca2+ handling proteins, which is related to enhanced activation of the TLR4/CaMKII signalling pathway.
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Cardiac CaMKII δ and Wenxin Keli Prevents Ang II-Induced Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy by Modulating CnA-NFATc4 and Inflammatory Signaling Pathways in H9c2 Cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:9502651. [PMID: 33149757 PMCID: PMC7603598 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9502651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that calcium-/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) and calcineurin A-nuclear factor of activated T-cell (CnA-NFAT) signaling pathways play key roles in cardiac hypertrophy (CH). However, the interaction between CaMKII and CnA-NFAT signaling remains unclear. H9c2 cells were cultured and treated with angiotensin II (Ang II) with or without silenced CaMKIIδ (siCaMKII) and cyclosporine A (CsA, a calcineurin inhibitor) and subsequently treated with Wenxin Keli (WXKL). Patch clamp recording was conducted to assess L-type Ca2+ current (ICa-L), and the expression of proteins involved in signaling pathways was measured by western blotting. Myocardial cytoskeletal protein and nuclear translocation of target proteins were assessed by immunofluorescence. The results indicated that siCaMKII suppressed Ang II-induced CH, as evidenced by reduced cell surface area and ICa-L. Notably, siCaMKII inhibited Ang II-induced activation of CnA and NFATc4 nuclear transfer. Inflammatory signaling was inhibited by siCaMKII and WXKL. Interestingly, CsA inhibited CnA-NFAT pathway expression but activated CaMKII signaling. In conclusion, siCaMKII may improve CH, possibly by blocking CnA-NFAT and MyD88 signaling, and WXKL has a similar effect. These data suggest that inhibiting CaMKII, but not CnA, may be a promising approach to attenuate CH and arrhythmia progression.
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Wang Y, Wang Z, Tse G, Zhang L, Wan EY, Guo Y, Lip GYH, Li G, Lu Z, Liu T. Cardiac arrhythmias in patients with COVID-19. J Arrhythm 2020; 36:827-836. [PMID: 33024460 PMCID: PMC7532267 DOI: 10.1002/joa3.12405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has become a major global public health concern. Although SARS-CoV-2 causes primarily respiratory problems, concurrent cardiac injury cannot be ignored since it may be an independent predictor for adverse outcomes. Cardiac arrhythmias are often observed in patients with COVID-19, especially in severe cases, and more likely contribute to the high risk of adverse outcomes. Arrhythmias should be regarded as one of the main complications of COVID-19. Mechanistically, a number of ion channels can be adversely affected in COVID-19, leading to alterations in cardiac conduction and/or repolarization properties, as well as calcium handling, which can predispose to cardiac arrhythmogenesis. In addition, several antimicrobials that are currently used as potential therapeutic agents for COVID-19, such as chloroquine, hydroxychloroquine and azithromycin, have uncertain benefit, and yet may induce electrocardiographic QT prolongation with potential ventricular pro-arrhythmic effects. Continuous electrocardiogram monitoring, accurate and prompt recognition of arrhythmias are important. The present review focuses on cardiac arrhythmias in patients with COVID-19, its underlying mechanisms, and proposed preventive and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueying Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic‐Molecular Function of Cardiovascular DiseaseDepartment of CardiologyTianjin Institute of CardiologySecond Hospital of Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjinPeople’s Republic of China
| | - Zhaojia Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic‐Molecular Function of Cardiovascular DiseaseDepartment of CardiologyTianjin Institute of CardiologySecond Hospital of Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjinPeople’s Republic of China
| | - Gary Tse
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic‐Molecular Function of Cardiovascular DiseaseDepartment of CardiologyTianjin Institute of CardiologySecond Hospital of Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjinPeople’s Republic of China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of CardiologyZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanPeople’s Republic of China
| | - Elaine Y. Wan
- Division of CardiologyDepartment of MedicineVagelos College of Physicians and SurgeonsColumbia UniversityNew YorkNYUSA
| | - Yutao Guo
- Medical School of Chinese PLADepartment of CardiologyChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
| | - Gregory Y. H. Lip
- Medical School of Chinese PLADepartment of CardiologyChinese PLA General HospitalBeijingChina
- Liverpool Centre for Cardiovascular SciencesUniversity of Liverpool and Liverpool Heart & Chest HospitalLiverpoolUK
| | - Guangping Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic‐Molecular Function of Cardiovascular DiseaseDepartment of CardiologyTianjin Institute of CardiologySecond Hospital of Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjinPeople’s Republic of China
| | - Zhibing Lu
- Department of CardiologyZhongnan Hospital of Wuhan UniversityWuhanPeople’s Republic of China
| | - Tong Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic‐Molecular Function of Cardiovascular DiseaseDepartment of CardiologyTianjin Institute of CardiologySecond Hospital of Tianjin Medical UniversityTianjinPeople’s Republic of China
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Njegic A, Wilson C, Cartwright EJ. Targeting Ca 2 + Handling Proteins for the Treatment of Heart Failure and Arrhythmias. Front Physiol 2020; 11:1068. [PMID: 33013458 PMCID: PMC7498719 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.01068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diseases of the heart, such as heart failure and cardiac arrhythmias, are a growing socio-economic burden. Calcium (Ca2+) dysregulation is key hallmark of the failing myocardium and has long been touted as a potential therapeutic target in the treatment of a variety of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). In the heart, Ca2+ is essential for maintaining normal cardiac function through the generation of the cardiac action potential and its involvement in excitation contraction coupling. As such, the proteins which regulate Ca2+ cycling and signaling play a vital role in maintaining Ca2+ homeostasis. Changes to the expression levels and function of Ca2+-channels, pumps and associated intracellular handling proteins contribute to altered Ca2+ homeostasis in CVD. The remodeling of Ca2+-handling proteins therefore results in impaired Ca2+ cycling, Ca2+ leak from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and reduced Ca2+ clearance, all of which contributes to increased intracellular Ca2+. Currently, approved treatments for targeting Ca2+ handling dysfunction in CVD are focused on Ca2+ channel blockers. However, whilst Ca2+ channel blockers have been successful in the treatment of some arrhythmic disorders, they are not universally prescribed to heart failure patients owing to their ability to depress cardiac function. Despite the progress in CVD treatments, there remains a clear need for novel therapeutic approaches which are able to reverse pathophysiology associated with heart failure and arrhythmias. Given that heart failure and cardiac arrhythmias are closely associated with altered Ca2+ homeostasis, this review will address the molecular changes to proteins associated with both Ca2+-handling and -signaling; their potential as novel therapeutic targets will be discussed in the context of pre-clinical and, where available, clinical data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Njegic
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Centre for Tumour Biology, Barts Cancer Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Claire Wilson
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom.,Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Elizabeth J Cartwright
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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Peng X, Li L, Zhang M, Zhao Q, Wu K, Bai R, Ruan Y, Liu N. Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors Potentially Prevent Atrial Fibrillation by Ameliorating Ion Handling and Mitochondrial Dysfunction. Front Physiol 2020; 11:912. [PMID: 32848857 PMCID: PMC7417344 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) are a novel class of glucose-lowering agents that significantly improve the prognosis of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and heart failure. SGLT2i has recently been implicated in the treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF) with clinical data demonstrating that these agents decrease the incidence of AF events in patients with T2D. Fundamental findings have suggested that SGLT2i may alleviate atrial electrical and structural remodeling. The underlying mechanisms of SGLT2i are likely associated with balancing the sodium and calcium handling disorders and mitigating the mitochondrial dysfunction in atrial myocytes. This review illustrates the advances in understanding the underlying mechanisms of SGLT2i as an evolving treatment modality for AF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Nian Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Mustroph J, Drzymalski M, Baier M, Pabel S, Biedermann A, Memmel B, Durczok M, Neef S, Sag CM, Floerchinger B, Rupprecht L, Schmid C, Zausig Y, Bégis G, Briand V, Ozoux ML, Tamarelle D, Ballet V, Janiak P, Beauverger P, Maier LS, Wagner S. The oral Ca/calmodulin-dependent kinase II inhibitor RA608 improves contractile function and prevents arrhythmias in heart failure. ESC Heart Fail 2020; 7:2871-2883. [PMID: 32691522 PMCID: PMC7524064 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.12895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2020] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims Excessive activation of Ca/calmodulin‐dependent kinase II (CaMKII) is of critical importance in heart failure (HF) and atrial fibrillation. Unfortunately, lack of selectivity, specificity, and bioavailability have slowed down development of inhibitors for clinical use. We investigated a novel CaMKIIδ/CaMKIIɣ‐selective, ATP‐competitive, orally available CaMKII inhibitor (RA608) on right atrial biopsies of 119 patients undergoing heart surgery. Furthermore, we evaluated its oral efficacy to prevent deterioration of HF in mice after transverse aortic constriction (TAC). Methods and results In human atrial cardiomyocytes and trabeculae, respectively, RA608 significantly reduced sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca leak, reduced diastolic tension, and increased sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca content. Patch‐clamp recordings confirmed the safety of RA608 in human cardiomyocytes. C57BL6/J mice were subjected to TAC, and left ventricular function was monitored by echocardiography. Two weeks after TAC, RA608 was administered by oral gavage for 7 days. Oral RA608 treatment prevented deterioration of ejection fraction. At 3 weeks after TAC, ejection fraction was 46.1 ± 3.7% (RA608) vs. 34.9 ± 2.6% (vehicle), n = 9 vs. n = 12, P < 0.05, ANOVA, which correlated with significantly less CaMKII autophosphorylation at threonine 287. Moreover, a single oral dose significantly reduced inducibility of atrial and ventricular arrhythmias in CaMKIIδ transgenic mice 4 h after administration. Atrial fibrillation was induced in 6/6 mice for vehicle vs. 1/7 for RA608, P < 0.05, 'n − 1' χ2 test. Ventricular tachycardia was induced in 6/7 for vehicle vs. 2/7 for RA608, P < 0.05, 'n − 1' χ2 test. Conclusions RA608 is the first orally administrable CaMKII inhibitor with potent efficacy in human myocytes. Moreover, oral administration potently inhibits arrhythmogenesis and attenuates HF development in mice in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Mustroph
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Marzena Drzymalski
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Maria Baier
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Steffen Pabel
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Biedermann
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Bernadette Memmel
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Melanie Durczok
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Neef
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Can Martin Sag
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Floerchinger
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Leopold Rupprecht
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christof Schmid
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - York Zausig
- Department of Anesthesiology, University Medical Center Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Philip Janiak
- Sanofi Research & Development (R&D), Chilly-Mazarin, France
| | | | - Lars S Maier
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Stefan Wagner
- Department of Internal Medicine II, University Medical Center Regensburg, Franz-Josef-Strauß-Allee 11, Regensburg, Germany
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Junho CVC, Caio-Silva W, Trentin-Sonoda M, Carneiro-Ramos MS. An Overview of the Role of Calcium/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase in Cardiorenal Syndrome. Front Physiol 2020; 11:735. [PMID: 32760284 PMCID: PMC7372084 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases (CaMKs) are key regulators of calcium signaling in health and disease. CaMKII is the most abundant isoform in the heart; although classically described as a regulator of excitation–contraction coupling, recent studies show that it can also mediate inflammation in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Among CVDs, cardiorenal syndrome (CRS) represents a pressing issue to be addressed, considering the growing incidence of kidney diseases worldwide. In this review, we aimed to discuss the role of CaMK as an inflammatory mediator in heart and kidney interaction by conducting an extensive literature review using the database PubMed. Here, we summarize the role and regulating mechanisms of CaMKII present in several quality studies, providing a better understanding for future investigations of CamKII in CVDs. Surprisingly, despite the obvious importance of CaMKII in the heart, very little is known about CaMKII in CRS. In conclusion, more studies are necessary to further understand the role of CaMKII in CRS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wellington Caio-Silva
- Center of Natural and Human Sciences (CCNH), Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | - Mayra Trentin-Sonoda
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Kidney Research Centre, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Liu Z, Tao B, Fan S, Cui S, Pu Y, Qiu L, Xia H, Xu L. Over-expression of microRNA-145 drives alterations in β-adrenergic signaling and attenuates cardiac remodeling in heart failure post myocardial infarction. Aging (Albany NY) 2020; 12:11603-11622. [PMID: 32554856 PMCID: PMC7343449 DOI: 10.18632/aging.103320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background: Numerous studies have highlighted the crucial role of microRNA-145 (miR-145) in coronary atherosclerosis and myocardial ischemia reperfusion injury. However, effects of miR-145 on β-adrenergic signaling and cardiac remodeling in heart failure (HF) remains unclarified. Methods and Results: We established HF model in rats with left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) occlusion. Four weeks after LAD ligation, rats showed substantial aggravation of cardiac dilation and electrophysiological instability. Up-regulation of miR-145 ameliorated HF-induced myocardial fibrosis and prolonged action potential duration. Echocardiography revealed increased basal contractility and decreased left ventricular inner-diameter in miR-145 over-expressed heart, while cardiac response to β-adrenergic receptor (βAR) stimulation was reduced. Furthermore, miR-145 increased L-type calcium current (ICa) density while decreased ICa response to β-adrenergic stimulation with isoproterenol. The alterations in βAR signaling might be predominant due to miR-145-mediated activation of Akt/CREB cascades. At high frequency pacing, Ca2+ transient, cell shortening and frequency of Ca2+ waves were significantly improved in AD-miR-145 group. Western blotting revealed that increased expression of Cav1.2, Ca2+-ATPase, β2AR, GNAI3 and decreased level of CaMKII might be attributed to the cardioprotective effects of miR-145. Conclusion: miR-145 effectively alleviates HF-related cardiac remodeling by improving cardiac dilation, fibrosis, intracellular Ca2+ mishandling and electrophysiological instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhebo Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Bo Tao
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Suzhen Fan
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Shengyu Cui
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Yong Pu
- Renmin Hospital of Hannan, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Liqiang Qiu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Hao Xia
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, PR China
| | - Lin Xu
- Department of Cardiology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China.,Cardiovascular Research Institute, Wuhan University, Wuhan, PR China.,Hubei Key Laboratory of Cardiology, Wuhan, PR China
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Zhang K, Ma Z, Song C, Duan X, Yang Y, Li G. Role of ion channels in chronic intermittent hypoxia-induced atrial remodeling in rats. Life Sci 2020; 254:117797. [PMID: 32417371 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.117797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 05/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Atrial remodeling, including structural and electrical remodeling, is considered as the substrate in the development of atrial fibrillation (AF). Structural remodeling mainly involves atrial fibrosis, and electrical remodeling is closely related to the changes of ion channels in atrial myocytes. In this study, we aimed to investigate the changes of ion channels in atrial remodeling induced by CIH in rats, which provide the explication for the mechanisms of AF. MATERIALS AND METHODS 80 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized into two groups: Control and CIH group (n = 40). CIH rats were subjected to CIH 8 h/d for 30 days. Atrial epicardial conduction velocity, conduction inhomogeneity and AF inducibility were examined. Masson's trichrome staining was used to evaluate the extent of atrial fibrosis, and the expression levels of ion channel subunits were measured by RT-qPCR, Western blot, and IHC, respectively. The remaining 40 rats were used for whole-cell patch clamp experiments. Action potential, INa, ICa-L, Ito were recorded and compared between two groups. KEY FINDINGS CIH rats showed increased AF inducibility, atrial interstitial collagen deposition, APD, expression levels of RyR2, p-RyR2, CaMKII, p-CaMKII, and decreased atrial epicardial conduction velocity, expression levels of Nav1.5, Cav1.2, Kv1.5, Kv4.2, Kv4.3 compared to the Control rats, and the current density of INa, ICa-L, Ito were significantly decreased in CIH group. SIGNIFICANCE We observed significant atrial remodeling induced by CIH in our rat model, which was characterized by changes in ion channels. These changes may be the mechanisms of CIH promoting AF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Zhang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Zuowang Ma
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Chen Song
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Xiaorui Duan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Yu Yang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
| | - Guangping Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular disease, Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China.
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Yang HY, Lin FZ, Yang HW, Yu PL, Huang SM, Chen YC, Tsai CS, Lin CY. The effect of Sirt1 deficiency on Ca 2+ and Na + regulation in mouse ventricular myocytes. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:6762-6772. [PMID: 32342656 PMCID: PMC7299725 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study addressed the hypothesis that cardiac Sirtuin 1 (Sirt1) deficiency alters cardiomyocyte Ca2+ and Na+ regulation, leading to cardiac dysfunction and arrhythmogenesis. We used mice with cardiac‐specific Sirt1 knockout (Sirt1−/−). Sirt1flox/flox mice were served as control. Sirt1−/− mice showed impaired cardiac ejection fraction with increased ventricular spontaneous activity and burst firing compared with those in control mice. The arrhythmic events were suppressed by KN93 and ranolazine. Reduction in Ca2+ transient amplitudes and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ stores, and increased SR Ca2+ leak were shown in the Sirt1−/− mice. Electrophysiological measurements were performed using patch‐clamp method. While L‐type Ca2+ current (ICa, L) was smaller in Sirt1−/− myocytes, reverse‐mode Na+/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX) current was larger compared with those in control myocytes. Late Na+ current (INa, L) was enhanced in the Sirt1−/− mice, alongside with elevated cytosolic Na+ level. Increased cytosolic and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) were shown in Sirt1−/− mice. Sirt1−/− cardiomyocytes showed down‐regulation of L‐type Ca2+ channel α1c subunit (Cav1.2) and sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase 2a (SERCA2a), but up‐regulation of Ca2+/calmodulin‐dependent protein kinase II and NCX. In conclusions, these findings suggest that deficiency of Sirt1 impairs the regulation of intracellular Ca2+ and Na+ in cardiomyocytes, thereby provoking cardiac dysfunction and arrhythmogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiang-Yu Yang
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Zhi Lin
- Grade institute of life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Wen Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Ling Yu
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ming Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Chang Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Sung Tsai
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yuan Lin
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Biochemistry, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
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Li LYF, Lou Q, Liu GZ, Lv JC, Yun FX, Li TK, Yang W, Zhao HY, Zhang L, Bai N, Zhan CC, Yu J, Zang YX, Li WM. Sacubitril/valsartan attenuates atrial electrical and structural remodelling in a rabbit model of atrial fibrillation. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 881:173120. [PMID: 32325147 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Atrial structural and electrical remodelling play important roles in atrial fibrillation (AF). Sacubitril/valsartan attenuates cardiac remodelling in heart failure. However, the effect of sacubitril/valsartan on AF is unclear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of sacubitril/valsartan on atrial electrical and structural remodelling in AF and investigate the underlying mechanism of action. Thirty-three rabbits were randomized into sham, RAP, and sac/val groups. HL-1 cells were subjected to control treatment or rapid pacing with or without LBQ657 and valsartan. Echocardiography, atrial electrophysiology, and histological examination were performed. The concentration of Ca2+ and expression levels of calcineurin, NFAT, p-NFAT, Cav1.2, collagen Ⅰ and Ⅲ, ANP, BNP, CNP, NT-proBNP, and ST2 in HL-1 cells, and IcaL in left atrial cells, were determined. We observed that compared to that in the sham group, the atrium and right ventricle were enlarged, myocardial fibrosis was markedly higher, AF inducibility was significantly elevated, and atrial effective refractory periods were shortened in the RAP group. These effects were significantly reversed by sacubitril/valsartan. Compared to that in the sham group, collagen Ⅰ and Ⅲ, NT-proBNP, ST2, calcineurin, and NFAT were significantly up-regulated, while p-NFAT and Cav1.2 were down-regulated in the RAP group, and sacubitril/valsartan inhibited these changes. Ca2+ concentration increased and ICaL density decreased in in vivo and in vitro AF models, reversed by sacubitril/valsartan. Sacubitril/valsartan attenuates atrial electrical remodelling and ameliorates structure remodelling in AF. This study paves the way for the possibility of clinical use of sacubitril/valsartan in AF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu-Yi-Fei Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Qi Lou
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Guang-Zhong Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Jia-Chen Lv
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, The Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Feng-Xiang Yun
- Department of Internal Critic Care, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Tian-Kai Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Wen Yang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Hong-Yan Zhao
- Department of Cardiology, The People's Hospital of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Nan Bai
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Cheng-Chuang Zhan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Jia Yu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yan-Xiang Zang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Wei-Min Li
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China.
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Nassal D, Gratz D, Hund TJ. Challenges and Opportunities for Therapeutic Targeting of Calmodulin Kinase II in Heart. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:35. [PMID: 32116711 PMCID: PMC7012788 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.00035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure remains a major health burden around the world. Despite great progress in delineation of molecular mechanisms underlying development of disease, standard therapy has not advanced at the same pace. The multifunctional signaling molecule Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II (CaMKII) has received considerable attention over recent years for its central role in maladaptive remodeling and arrhythmias in the setting of chronic disease. However, these basic science discoveries have yet to translate into new therapies for human patients. This review addresses both the promise and barriers to developing translational therapies that target CaMKII signaling to abrogate pathologic remodeling in the setting of chronic disease. Efforts in small molecule design are discussed, as well as alternative targeting approaches that exploit novel avenues for compound delivery and/or genetic approaches to affect cardiac CaMKII signaling. These alternative strategies provide hope for overcoming some of the challenges that have limited the development of new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drew Nassal
- The Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia and Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Daniel Gratz
- The Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia and Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Thomas J Hund
- The Frick Center for Heart Failure and Arrhythmia and Dorothy M. Davis Heart and Lung Research Institute, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States.,Department of Internal Medicine, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH, United States
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