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Pontisso I, Ornelas-Guevara R, Chevet E, Combettes L, Dupont G. Gradual ER calcium depletion induces a progressive and reversible UPR signaling. PNAS NEXUS 2024; 3:pgae229. [PMID: 38933930 PMCID: PMC11200134 DOI: 10.1093/pnasnexus/pgae229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
The unfolded protein response (UPR) is a widespread signal transduction pathway triggered by endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. Because calcium (Ca2+) is a key factor in the maintenance of ER homeostasis, massive Ca2+ depletion of the ER is a potent inducer of ER stress. Although moderate changes in ER Ca2+ drive the ubiquitous Ca2+ signaling pathways, a possible incremental relationship between UPR activation and Ca2+ changes has yet to be described. Here, we determine the sensitivity and time-dependency of activation of the three ER stress sensors, inositol-requiring protein 1 alpha (IRE1α), protein kinase R-like ER kinase (PERK), and activating transcription factor 6 alpha (ATF6α) in response to controlled changes in the concentration of ER Ca2+ in human cultured cells. Combining Ca2+ imaging, fluorescence recovery after photobleaching experiments, biochemical analyses, and mathematical modeling, we uncover a nonlinear rate of activation of the IRE1α branch of UPR, as compared to the PERK and ATF6α branches that become activated gradually with time and are sensitive to more important ER Ca2+ depletions. However, the three arms are all activated within a 1 h timescale. The model predicted the deactivation of PERK and IRE1α upon refilling the ER with Ca2+. Accordingly, we showed that ER Ca2+ replenishment leads to the complete reversion of IRE1α and PERK phosphorylation in less than 15 min, thus revealing the highly plastic character of the activation of the upstream UPR sensors. In conclusion, our results reveal a dynamic and dose-sensitive Ca2+-dependent activation/deactivation cycle of UPR induction, which could tightly control cell fate upon acute and/or chronic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Pontisso
- U1282 “Calcium Signaling and Microbial Infections”, Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC)—Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-Sur-Yvette 91190, France
| | - Roberto Ornelas-Guevara
- Unit of Theoretical Chronobiology, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Eric Chevet
- Inserm U1242 Université de Rennes, 35000 Rennes, France
- Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer Eugène Marquis, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - Laurent Combettes
- U1282 “Calcium Signaling and Microbial Infections”, Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC)—Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-Sur-Yvette 91190, France
| | - Geneviève Dupont
- Unit of Theoretical Chronobiology, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium
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2
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Diercks BP. The importance of Ca 2+ microdomains for the adaptive immune response. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2024; 1871:119710. [PMID: 38522726 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2024.119710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Calcium signaling stands out as the most widespread and universally used signaling system and is of utmost importance for immunity. Controlled elevations in cytosolic and organellar Ca2+ concentrations in T cells control complex and essential effector functions including proliferation, differentiation, cytokine secretion, and cytotoxicity, among others. Additionally, disruptions in Ca2+ regulation in T cells contribute to diverse autoimmune, inflammatory, and immunodeficiency conditions. Among the initial intracellular signals, which occurring even before T cell receptor (TCR) stimulation are highly localized, spatially and temporally restricted so-called Ca2+ microdomains, caused by adhesion to extracellular matrix proteins (ECM proteins). The Ca2+ microdomains present both before and within the initial seconds following TCR stimulation are likely to play a crucial role in fine-tuning the downstream activity of T cell activation and thus, shaping an adaptive immune response. In this review, the emphasis is on the recent advances of adhesion-dependent Ca2+ microdomains (ADCM) in the absence of TCR stimulation, initial Ca2+ microdomains evoked by TCR stimulation (TDCM), the downstream signaling processes as well as possible therapeutic targets for interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn-Philipp Diercks
- The Calcium Signalling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Martinistrasse 52, 20246 Hamburg, Germany.
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3
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Brock VJ, Lory NC, Möckl F, Birus M, Stähler T, Woelk LM, Jaeckstein M, Heeren J, Koch-Nolte F, Rissiek B, Mittrücker HW, Guse AH, Werner R, Diercks BP. Time-resolved role of P2X4 and P2X7 during CD8 + T cell activation. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1258119. [PMID: 38426095 PMCID: PMC10902106 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1258119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
CD8+ T cells are a crucial part of the adaptive immune system, responsible for combating intracellular pathogens and tumor cells. The initial activation of T cells involves the formation of highly dynamic Ca2+ microdomains. Recently, purinergic signaling was shown to be involved in the formation of the initial Ca2+ microdomains in CD4+ T cells. In this study, the role of purinergic cation channels, particularly P2X4 and P2X7, in CD8+ T cell signaling from initial events to downstream responses was investigated, focusing on various aspects of T cell activation, including Ca2+ microdomains, global Ca2+ responses, NFAT-1 translocation, cytokine expression, and proliferation. While Ca2+ microdomain formation was significantly reduced in the first milliseconds to seconds in CD8+ T cells lacking P2X4 and P2X7 channels, global Ca2+ responses over minutes were comparable between wild-type (WT) and knockout cells. However, the onset velocity was reduced in P2X4-deficient cells, and P2X4, as well as P2X7-deficient cells, exhibited a delayed response to reach a certain level of free cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i). NFAT-1 translocation, a crucial transcription factor in T cell activation, was also impaired in CD8+ T cells lacking P2X4 and P2X7. In addition, the expression of IFN-γ, a major pro-inflammatory cytokine produced by activated CD8+ T cells, and Nur77, a negative regulator of T cell activation, was significantly reduced 18h post-stimulation in the knockout cells. In line, the proliferation of T cells after 3 days was also impaired in the absence of P2X4 and P2X7 channels. In summary, the study demonstrates that purinergic signaling through P2X4 and P2X7 enhances initial Ca2+ events during CD8+ T cell activation and plays a crucial role in regulating downstream responses, including NFAT-1 translocation, cytokine expression, and proliferation on multiple timescales. These findings suggest that targeting purinergic signaling pathways may offer potential therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie J. Brock
- The Calcium Signalling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Niels Christian Lory
- Department of Immunology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Franziska Möckl
- The Calcium Signalling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Melina Birus
- Department of Immunology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Stähler
- Department of Immunology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Lena-Marie Woelk
- Department of Applied Medical Informatics, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Computational Neuroscience, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michelle Jaeckstein
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Joerg Heeren
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Friedrich Koch-Nolte
- Department of Immunology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Björn Rissiek
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hans-Willi Mittrücker
- Department of Immunology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas H. Guse
- The Calcium Signalling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - René Werner
- Department of Applied Medical Informatics, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Computational Neuroscience, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Björn-Philipp Diercks
- The Calcium Signalling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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4
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Woelk LM, Kovacevic D, Husseini H, Förster F, Gerlach F, Möckl F, Altfeld M, Guse AH, Diercks BP, Werner R. DARTS: an open-source Python pipeline for Ca 2+ microdomain analysis in live cell imaging data. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1299435. [PMID: 38274810 PMCID: PMC10809147 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1299435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Ca2+ microdomains play a key role in intracellular signaling processes. For instance, they mediate the activation of T cells and, thus, the initial adaptive immune system. They are, however, also of utmost importance for activation of other cells, and a detailed understanding of the dynamics of these spatially localized Ca2+ signals is crucial for a better understanding of the underlying signaling processes. A typical approach to analyze Ca2+ microdomain dynamics is live cell fluorescence microscopy imaging. Experiments usually involve imaging a larger number of cells of different groups (for instance, wild type and knockout cells), followed by a time consuming image and data analysis. With DARTS, we present a modular Python pipeline for efficient Ca2+ microdomain analysis in live cell imaging data. DARTS (Deconvolution, Analysis, Registration, Tracking, and Shape normalization) provides state-of-the-art image postprocessing options like deep learning-based cell detection and tracking, spatio-temporal image deconvolution, and bleaching correction. An integrated automated Ca2+ microdomain detection offers direct access to global statistics like the number of microdomains for cell groups, corresponding signal intensity levels, and the temporal evolution of the measures. With a focus on bead stimulation experiments, DARTS provides a so-called dartboard projection analysis and visualization approach. A dartboard projection covers spatio-temporal normalization of the bead contact areas and cell shape normalization onto a circular template that enables aggregation of the spatiotemporal information of the microdomain detection results for the individual cells of the cell groups of interest. The dartboard visualization allows intuitive interpretation of the spatio-temporal microdomain dynamics at the group level. The application of DARTS is illustrated by three use cases in the context of the formation of initial Ca2+ microdomains after cell stimulation. DARTS is provided as an open-source solution and will be continuously extended upon the feedback of the community. Code available at: 10.5281/zenodo.10459243.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena-Marie Woelk
- Department of Applied Medical Informatics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Computational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Biomedical Artificial Intelligence (bAIome), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dejan Kovacevic
- The Calcium Signalling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Hümeyra Husseini
- Department of Applied Medical Informatics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Computational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Biomedical Artificial Intelligence (bAIome), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fritz Förster
- Department of Applied Medical Informatics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Computational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Biomedical Artificial Intelligence (bAIome), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fynn Gerlach
- The Calcium Signalling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Franziska Möckl
- The Calcium Signalling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marcus Altfeld
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas H. Guse
- The Calcium Signalling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Björn-Philipp Diercks
- The Calcium Signalling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - René Werner
- Department of Applied Medical Informatics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Computational Neuroscience, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Biomedical Artificial Intelligence (bAIome), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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5
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Gil Montoya DC, Ornelas-Guevara R, Diercks BP, Guse AH, Dupont G. T cell Ca 2+ microdomains through the lens of computational modeling. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1235737. [PMID: 37860008 PMCID: PMC10582754 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1235737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular Ca2+ signaling is highly organized in time and space. Locally restricted and short-lived regions of Ca2+ increase, called Ca2+ microdomains, constitute building blocks that are differentially arranged to create cellular Ca2+ signatures controlling physiological responses. Here, we focus on Ca2+ microdomains occurring in restricted cytosolic spaces between the plasma membrane and the endoplasmic reticulum, called endoplasmic reticulum-plasma membrane junctions. In T cells, these microdomains have been finely characterized. Enough quantitative data are thus available to develop detailed computational models of junctional Ca2+ dynamics. Simulations are able to predict the characteristics of Ca2+ increases at the level of single channels and in junctions of different spatial configurations, in response to various signaling molecules. Thanks to the synergy between experimental observations and computational modeling, a unified description of the molecular mechanisms that create Ca2+ microdomains in the first seconds of T cell stimulation is emerging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana C. Gil Montoya
- The Calcium Signalling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Roberto Ornelas-Guevara
- Unit of Theoretical Chronobiology, Faculté des Sciences CP231, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Björn-Philipp Diercks
- The Calcium Signalling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas H. Guse
- The Calcium Signalling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Geneviève Dupont
- Unit of Theoretical Chronobiology, Faculté des Sciences CP231, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
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6
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Yang HQ, Echeverry FA, ElSheikh A, Gando I, Anez Arredondo S, Samper N, Cardozo T, Delmar M, Shyng SL, Coetzee WA. Subcellular trafficking and endocytic recycling of K ATP channels. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 322:C1230-C1247. [PMID: 35508187 PMCID: PMC9169827 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00099.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Sarcolemmal/plasmalemmal ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channels have key roles in many cell types and tissues. Hundreds of studies have described how the KATP channel activity and ATP sensitivity can be regulated by changes in the cellular metabolic state, by receptor signaling pathways and by pharmacological interventions. These alterations in channel activity directly translate to alterations in cell or tissue function, that can range from modulating secretory responses, such as insulin release from pancreatic β-cells or neurotransmitters from neurons, to modulating contractile behavior of smooth muscle or cardiac cells to elicit alterations in blood flow or cardiac contractility. It is increasingly becoming apparent, however, that KATP channels are regulated beyond changes in their activity. Recent studies have highlighted that KATP channel surface expression is a tightly regulated process with similar implications in health and disease. The surface expression of KATP channels is finely balanced by several trafficking steps including synthesis, assembly, anterograde trafficking, membrane anchoring, endocytosis, endocytic recycling, and degradation. This review aims to summarize the physiological and pathophysiological implications of KATP channel trafficking and mechanisms that regulate KATP channel trafficking. A better understanding of this topic has potential to identify new approaches to develop therapeutically useful drugs to treat KATP channel-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Qian Yang
- Cyrus Tang Hematology Center, Soochow University, Suzhou, People's Republic of China
| | | | - Assmaa ElSheikh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Ivan Gando
- Department of Pathology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | | | - Natalie Samper
- Department of Pathology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Timothy Cardozo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Mario Delmar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York
- Department of Medicine, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York
| | - Show-Ling Shyng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon
| | - William A Coetzee
- Department of Pathology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York
- Department of Neuroscience & Physiology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York
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7
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SUPER-RESOLUTION MICROSCOPY FOR THE STUDY OF STORE-OPERATED CALCIUM ENTRY. Cell Calcium 2022; 104:102595. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2022.102595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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8
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Gil D, Diercks BP, Guse AH, Dupont G. Three-Dimensional Model of Sub-Plasmalemmal Ca2+ Microdomains Evoked by T Cell Receptor/CD3 Complex Stimulation. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:811145. [PMID: 35281279 PMCID: PMC8906516 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.811145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Ca2+ signalling plays an essential role in T cell activation, which is a key step to start an adaptive immune response. During the transition from a quiescent to a fully activated state, Ca2+ microdomains of reduced spatial and temporal extents develop in the junctions between the plasma membrane and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). These microdomains rely on Ca2+ entry from the extracellular medium, via the ORAI1/STIM1/STIM2 system that mediates store operated Ca2+ entry Store operated calcium entry. The mechanism leading to local store depletion and subsequent Ca2+ entry depends on the activation state of the cells. The initial, smaller microdomains are triggered by D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) signalling in response to T cell adhesion. T cell receptor (TCR)/CD3 stimulation then initiates nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide phosphate signalling, which activates ryanodine receptors (RYR). We have recently developed a mathematical model to elucidate the spatiotemporal Ca2+ dynamics of the microdomains triggered by IP3 signalling in response to T cell adhesion (Gil et al., 2021). This reaction-diffusion model describes the evolution of the cytosolic and endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ concentrations in a three-dimensional ER-PM junction and was solved using COMSOL Multiphysics. Modelling predicted that adhesion-dependent microdomains result from the concerted activity of IP3 receptors and pre-formed ORAI1-STIM2 complexes. In the present study, we extend this model to include the role of RYRs rapidly after TCR/CD3 stimulation. The involvement of STIM1, which has a lower KD for Ca2+ than STIM2, is also considered. Detailed 3D spatio-temporal simulations show that these Ca2+ microdomains rely on the concerted opening of ∼7 RYRs that are simultaneously active in response to the increase in NAADP induced by T cell stimulation. Opening of these RYRs provoke a local depletion of ER Ca2+ that triggers Ca2+ flux through the ORAI1 channels. Simulations predict that RYRs are most probably located around the junction and that the increase in junctional Ca2+ concentration results from the combination between diffusion of Ca2+ released through the RYRs and Ca2+ entry through ORAI1 in the junction. The computational model moreover provides a tool allowing to investigate how Ca2+ microdomains occur, extend and interact in various states of T cell activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Gil
- The Calcium Signalling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Björn-Philipp Diercks
- The Calcium Signalling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Andreas H. Guse
- The Calcium Signalling Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Cell Biology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Geneviève Dupont
- Unit of Theoretical Chronobiology, Faculté des Sciences CP231, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
- *Correspondence: Geneviève Dupont,
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9
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Imaizumi Y. Reciprocal Relationship between Ca 2+ Signaling and Ca 2+-Gated Ion Channels as a Potential Target for Drug Discovery. Biol Pharm Bull 2022; 45:1-18. [PMID: 34980771 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b21-00896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cellular Ca2+ signaling functions as one of the most common second messengers of various signal transduction pathways in cells and mediates a number of physiological roles in a cell-type dependent manner. Ca2+ signaling also regulates more general and fundamental cellular activities, including cell proliferation and apoptosis. Among ion channels, Ca2+-permeable channels in the plasma membrane as well as endo- and sarcoplasmic reticulum membranes play important roles in Ca2+ signaling by directly contributing to the influx of Ca2+ from extracellular spaces or its release from storage sites, respectively. Furthermore, Ca2+-gated ion channels in the plasma membrane often crosstalk reciprocally with Ca2+ signals and are central to the regulation of cellular functions. This review focuses on the physiological and pharmacological impact of i) Ca2+-gated ion channels as an apparatus for the conversion of cellular Ca2+ signals to intercellularly propagative electrical signals and ii) the opposite feedback regulation of Ca2+ signaling by Ca2+-gated ion channel activities in excitable and non-excitable cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Imaizumi
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya City University
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10
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Sperm Selection for ICSI: Do We Have a Winner? Cells 2021; 10:cells10123566. [PMID: 34944074 PMCID: PMC8700516 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In assisted reproductive technology (ART), the aim of sperm cells’ preparation is to select competent spermatozoa with the highest fertilization potential and in this context, the intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) represents the most applied technique for fertilization. This makes the process of identifying the perfect spermatozoa extremely important. A number of methods have now been developed to mimic some of the natural selection processes that exist in the female reproductive tract. Although many studies have been conducted to identify the election technique, many doubts and disagreements still remain. In this review, we will discuss all the sperm cell selection techniques currently available for ICSI, starting from the most basic methodologies and continuing with those techniques suitable for sperm cells with reduced motility. Furthermore, different techniques that exploit some sperm membrane characteristics and the most advanced strategy for sperm selection based on microfluidics, will be examined. Finally, a new sperm selection method based on a micro swim-up directly on the ICSI dish will be analyzed. Eventually, advantages and disadvantages of each technique will be debated, trying to draw reasonable conclusions on their efficacy in order to establish the gold standard method.
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