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Kothari M, Wanjari A, Acharya S, Karwa V, Chavhan R, Kumar S, Kadu A, Patil R. A Comprehensive Review of Monoclonal Antibodies in Modern Medicine: Tracing the Evolution of a Revolutionary Therapeutic Approach. Cureus 2024; 16:e61983. [PMID: 38983999 PMCID: PMC11231668 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.61983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 06/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have emerged as potent therapeutic agents, revolutionizing the landscape of modern medicine. This comprehensive review traces the evolution of mAbs from their inception to their current prominence, highlighting key milestones in their development and exploring their diverse therapeutic applications. Beginning with an overview of their molecular structure and mechanisms of action, we delve into the production and engineering of mAbs, including hybridoma technology and recombinant DNA techniques. Therapeutic applications across various medical disciplines, including cancer treatment, autoimmune diseases, and infectious diseases, are examined in detail, showcasing the significant clinical successes of mAbs. Furthermore, this review discusses the challenges and opportunities in manufacturing scalability, cost-effectiveness, and access to therapies. Looking ahead, the implications of mAbs in future research and clinical practice are explored, emphasizing the potential for next-generation mAbs, personalized medicine, and integration with emerging modalities such as immunotherapy and gene therapy. In conclusion, the evolution of monoclonal antibodies underscores their transformative impact on healthcare and their continued promise to advance the frontiers of medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjeet Kothari
- Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institution of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Anil Wanjari
- Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institution of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Sourya Acharya
- Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institution of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Vineet Karwa
- Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institution of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Roma Chavhan
- Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institution of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Sunil Kumar
- Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institution of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Ajinkya Kadu
- Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institution of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
| | - Rajvardhan Patil
- Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institution of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND
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2
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Hillenbrand M, Esslinger C, Seidenberg J, Weber M, Zingg A, Townsend C, Eicher B, Rutkauskaite J, Riese P, Guzman CA, Fischer K, Schmitt S. Fast-Track Discovery of SARS-CoV-2-Neutralizing Antibodies from Human B Cells by Direct Functional Screening. Viruses 2024; 16:339. [PMID: 38543705 PMCID: PMC10975424 DOI: 10.3390/v16030339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 02/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
As the COVID-19 pandemic revealed, rapid development of vaccines and therapeutic antibodies are crucial to guarantee a quick return to the status quo of society. In early 2020, we deployed our droplet microfluidic single-cell-based platform DROPZYLLA® for the generation of cognate antibody repertoires of convalescent COVID-19 donors. Discovery of SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies was performed upon display of antibodies on the surface of HEK293T cells by antigen-specific sorting using binding to the SARS-CoV-2 spike and absence of binding to huACE2 as the sort criteria. This efficiently yielded antibodies within 3-6 weeks, of which up to 100% were neutralizing. One of these, MTX-COVAB, displaying low picomolar neutralization IC50 of SARS-CoV-2 and with a neutralization potency on par with the Regeneron antibodies, was selected for GMP manufacturing and clinical development in June 2020. MTX-COVAB showed strong efficacy in vivo and neutralized all identified clinically relevant variants of SARS-CoV-2 at the time of its selection. MTX-COVAB completed GMP manufacturing by the end of 2020, but clinical development was stopped when the Omicron variant emerged, a variant that proved to be detrimental to all monoclonal antibodies already approved. The present study describes the capabilities of the DROPZYLLA® platform to identify antibodies of high virus-neutralizing capacity rapidly and directly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Hillenbrand
- Memo Therapeutics AG, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; (M.H.); (M.W.); (A.Z.); (B.E.); (J.R.); (K.F.); (S.S.)
| | - Christoph Esslinger
- Memo Therapeutics AG, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; (M.H.); (M.W.); (A.Z.); (B.E.); (J.R.); (K.F.); (S.S.)
| | - Jemima Seidenberg
- Memo Therapeutics AG, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; (M.H.); (M.W.); (A.Z.); (B.E.); (J.R.); (K.F.); (S.S.)
| | - Marcel Weber
- Memo Therapeutics AG, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; (M.H.); (M.W.); (A.Z.); (B.E.); (J.R.); (K.F.); (S.S.)
| | - Andreas Zingg
- Memo Therapeutics AG, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; (M.H.); (M.W.); (A.Z.); (B.E.); (J.R.); (K.F.); (S.S.)
| | - Catherine Townsend
- Memo Therapeutics AG, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; (M.H.); (M.W.); (A.Z.); (B.E.); (J.R.); (K.F.); (S.S.)
| | - Barbara Eicher
- Memo Therapeutics AG, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; (M.H.); (M.W.); (A.Z.); (B.E.); (J.R.); (K.F.); (S.S.)
| | - Justina Rutkauskaite
- Memo Therapeutics AG, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; (M.H.); (M.W.); (A.Z.); (B.E.); (J.R.); (K.F.); (S.S.)
| | - Peggy Riese
- Department of Vaccinology and Applied Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; (P.R.); (C.A.G.)
| | - Carlos A. Guzman
- Department of Vaccinology and Applied Microbiology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany; (P.R.); (C.A.G.)
| | - Karsten Fischer
- Memo Therapeutics AG, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; (M.H.); (M.W.); (A.Z.); (B.E.); (J.R.); (K.F.); (S.S.)
| | - Simone Schmitt
- Memo Therapeutics AG, 8952 Schlieren, Switzerland; (M.H.); (M.W.); (A.Z.); (B.E.); (J.R.); (K.F.); (S.S.)
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3
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Minatel VM, Prudencio CR, Barraviera B, Ferreira RS. Nanobodies: a promising approach to treatment of viral diseases. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1303353. [PMID: 38322011 PMCID: PMC10844482 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1303353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Since their discovery in the 1990s, heavy chain antibodies have garnered significant interest in the scientific community. These antibodies, found in camelids such as llamas and alpacas, exhibit distinct characteristics from conventional antibodies due to the absence of a light chain in their structure. Furthermore, they possess a single antigen-binding domain known as VHH or Nanobody (Nb). With a small size of approximately 15 kDa, these Nbs demonstrate improved characteristics compared to conventional antibodies, including greater physicochemical stability and enhanced biodistribution, enabling them to bind inaccessible epitopes more effectively. As a result, Nbs have found numerous applications in various medical and veterinary fields, particularly in diagnostics and therapeutics. Advances in biotechnology have made the production of recombinant antibodies feasible and compatible with large-scale manufacturing. Through the construction of immune phage libraries that display VHHs and subsequent selection through biopanning, it has become possible to isolate specific Nbs targeting pharmaceutical targets of interest, such as viruses. This review describes the processes involved in nanobody production, from hyperimmunization to purification, with the aim of their application in the pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitória Meneghetti Minatel
- Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), São Paulo State University (UNESP—Univ Estadual Paulista), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Benedito Barraviera
- Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), São Paulo State University (UNESP—Univ Estadual Paulista), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Tropical Diseases, Botucatu Medical School (FMB), São Paulo State University (UNESP—Univ Estadual Paulista), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rui Seabra Ferreira
- Center for the Study of Venoms and Venomous Animals (CEVAP), São Paulo State University (UNESP—Univ Estadual Paulista), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Tropical Diseases, Botucatu Medical School (FMB), São Paulo State University (UNESP—Univ Estadual Paulista), Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
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4
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Williams KL, Guerrero S, Flores-Garcia Y, Kim D, Williamson KS, Siska C, Smidt P, Jepson SZ, Li K, Dennison SM, Mathis-Torres S, Chen X, Wille-Reece U, MacGill RS, Walker M, Jongert E, King CR, Ockenhouse C, Glanville J, Moon JE, Regules JA, Tan YC, Cavet G, Lippow SM, Robinson WH, Dutta S, Tomaras GD, Zavala F, Ketchem RR, Emerling DE. A candidate antibody drug for prevention of malaria. Nat Med 2024; 30:117-129. [PMID: 38167935 PMCID: PMC10803262 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-023-02659-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Over 75% of malaria-attributable deaths occur in children under the age of 5 years. However, the first malaria vaccine recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) for pediatric use, RTS,S/AS01 (Mosquirix), has modest efficacy. Complementary strategies, including monoclonal antibodies, will be important in efforts to eradicate malaria. Here we characterize the circulating B cell repertoires of 45 RTS,S/AS01 vaccinees and discover monoclonal antibodies for development as potential therapeutics. We generated >28,000 antibody sequences and tested 481 antibodies for binding activity and 125 antibodies for antimalaria activity in vivo. Through these analyses we identified correlations suggesting that sequences in Plasmodium falciparum circumsporozoite protein, the target antigen in RTS,S/AS01, may induce immunodominant antibody responses that limit more protective, but subdominant, responses. Using binding studies, mouse malaria models, biomanufacturing assessments and protein stability assays, we selected AB-000224 and AB-007088 for advancement as a clinical lead and backup. We engineered the variable domains (Fv) of both antibodies to enable low-cost manufacturing at scale for distribution to pediatric populations, in alignment with WHO's preferred product guidelines. The engineered clone with the optimal manufacturing and drug property profile, MAM01, was advanced into clinical development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yevel Flores-Garcia
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Malaria Research Institute, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dongkyoon Kim
- Atreca, Inc., San Carlos, CA, USA
- Initium Therapeutics, Inc., Natick, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Kan Li
- Duke Center for Human Systems Immunology, Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - S Moses Dennison
- Duke Center for Human Systems Immunology, Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Shamika Mathis-Torres
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Malaria Research Institute, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Ulrike Wille-Reece
- BioNTech US, Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA
- PATH Center for Vaccine Innovation and Access, Washington DC, USA
| | | | | | | | - C Richter King
- PATH Center for Vaccine Innovation and Access, Washington DC, USA
| | | | | | - James E Moon
- Center for Enabling Capabilities, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Jason A Regules
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Yann Chong Tan
- Atreca, Inc., San Carlos, CA, USA
- Nuevocor Pte. Ltd, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Guy Cavet
- Atreca, Inc., San Carlos, CA, USA
- Paramune, Inc., San Carlos, CA, USA
| | | | - William H Robinson
- Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Sheetij Dutta
- Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Georgia D Tomaras
- Duke Center for Human Systems Immunology, Department of Surgery, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- Departments of Immunology, Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Fidel Zavala
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Malaria Research Institute, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Millán-Martín S, Jakes C, Carillo S, Bones J. Multi-Attribute Method (MAM) Analytical Workflow for Biotherapeutic Protein Characterization from Process Development to QC. Curr Protoc 2023; 3:e927. [PMID: 37929772 DOI: 10.1002/cpz1.927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
The multi-attribute method (MAM) has emerged significantly in recent years to support biotherapeutic protein characterization from process development to the QC environment. MAM is a liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) based peptide mapping approach, which combines the benefits from liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution accurate mass mass spectrometry (LC-HRAM MS), enabling direct assessment of protein sequence and product quality attributes with site specificity. These product quality attributes may impact efficacy, safety, stability, and process robustness. MAM is intended to replace conventional analytical approaches as it offers a more streamlined strategy for parallel monitoring of multiple attributes in a single analysis with high sensitivity and confidence, and ultimately supports more robust Quality by Design (QbD) approaches and faster decision cycles for biotherapeutic development. MAM consists of three main stages. The first stage is sample digestion, which typically entails proteolytic digestion of the protein. The second stage is reversed-phase chromatographic separation of the generated peptides and detection by HRAM MS in two phases. During MAM Phase I (discovery phase), data-dependent acquisition (DDA) MS/MS is performed to enable confident identification of peaks and development of a peptide workbook. During MAM Phase II (monitoring phase), full MS acquisition is only carried out for the monitoring of predefined product quality attributes (PQAs). The third stage is data processing, which entails analysis and reporting for each of the two phases including evaluation of sequence coverage, assessment of PQAs and peptide workbook creation during phase I, and targeted monitoring of predefined product attributes and new peak detection (NPD) during phase II. The latter is a comparative analysis that uses a base peak alignment algorithm to determine any non-monitored differences between the LC-MS chromatograms of a test sample and a reference standard. © 2023 The Authors. Current Protocols published by Wiley Periodicals LLC. Basic Protocol 1: In-solution sample digestion Alternate Protocol: Automated sample digestion Basic Protocol 2: Reversed-phase chromatographic separation and detection by HRAM-MS (RPLC-HRAM MS) Basic Protocol 3: Data processing and reporting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Craig Jakes
- National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Sara Carillo
- National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jonathan Bones
- National Institute for Bioprocessing Research and Training, Dublin, Ireland
- School of Chemical and Bioprocess Engineering, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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6
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Esposito S, Amirthalingam G, Bassetti M, Blasi F, De Rosa FG, Halasa NB, Hung I, Osterhaus A, Tan T, Torres JP, Vena A, Principi N. Monoclonal antibodies for prophylaxis and therapy of respiratory syncytial virus, SARS-CoV-2, human immunodeficiency virus, rabies and bacterial infections: an update from the World Association of Infectious Diseases and Immunological Disorders and the Italian Society of Antinfective Therapy. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1162342. [PMID: 37256125 PMCID: PMC10226646 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1162342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies (mABs) are safe and effective proteins produced in laboratory that may be used to target a single epitope of a highly conserved protein of a virus or a bacterial pathogen. For this purpose, the epitope is selected among those that play the major role as targets for prevention of infection or tissue damage. In this paper, characteristics of the most important mABs that have been licensed and used or are in advanced stages of development for use in prophylaxis and therapy of infectious diseases are discussed. We showed that a great number of mABs effective against virus or bacterial infections have been developed, although only in a small number of cases these are licensed for use in clinical practice and have reached the market. Although some examples of therapeutic efficacy have been shown, not unlike more traditional antiviral or antibacterial treatments, their efficacy is significantly greater in prophylaxis or early post-exposure treatment. Although in many cases the use of vaccines is more effective and cost-effective than that of mABs, for many infectious diseases no vaccines have yet been developed and licensed. Furthermore, in emergency situations, like in epidemics or pandemics, the availability of mABs can be an attractive adjunct to our armament to reduce the impact. Finally, the availability of mABs against bacteria can be an important alternative, when multidrug-resistant strains are involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Esposito
- Pediatric Clinic, Pietro Barilla Children’s Hospital, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Gayatri Amirthalingam
- Immunisation and Countermeasures Division, National Infection Service, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom
| | - Matteo Bassetti
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genova, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Francesco Blasi
- Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
- Respiratory Unit and Cystic Fibrosis Center, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Natasha B. Halasa
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Ivan Hung
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Infectious Disease and Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong-Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Albert Osterhaus
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Tina Tan
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Feinberg School of Medicine of Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
| | - Juan Pablo Torres
- Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Surgery, Facultad de Medicina, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Instituto Sistemas Complejos de Ingeniería (ISCI), Santiago, Chile
| | - Antonio Vena
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Health Sciences (DISSAL), University of Genova, Genoa, Italy
- IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
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7
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Qian L, Lin X, Gao X, Khan RU, Liao JY, Du S, Ge J, Zeng S, Yao SQ. The Dawn of a New Era: Targeting the "Undruggables" with Antibody-Based Therapeutics. Chem Rev 2023. [PMID: 37186942 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.2c00915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The high selectivity and affinity of antibodies toward their antigens have made them a highly valuable tool in disease therapy, diagnosis, and basic research. A plethora of chemical and genetic approaches have been devised to make antibodies accessible to more "undruggable" targets and equipped with new functions of illustrating or regulating biological processes more precisely. In this Review, in addition to introducing how naked antibodies and various antibody conjugates (such as antibody-drug conjugates, antibody-oligonucleotide conjugates, antibody-enzyme conjugates, etc.) work in therapeutic applications, special attention has been paid to how chemistry tools have helped to optimize the therapeutic outcome (i.e., with enhanced efficacy and reduced side effects) or facilitate the multifunctionalization of antibodies, with a focus on emerging fields such as targeted protein degradation, real-time live-cell imaging, catalytic labeling or decaging with spatiotemporal control as well as the engagement of antibodies inside cells. With advances in modern chemistry and biotechnology, well-designed antibodies and their derivatives via size miniaturization or multifunctionalization together with efficient delivery systems have emerged, which have gradually improved our understanding of important biological processes and paved the way to pursue novel targets for potential treatments of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linghui Qian
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cancer Center, & Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xuefen Lin
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cancer Center, & Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xue Gao
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cancer Center, & Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Rizwan Ullah Khan
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cancer Center, & Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jia-Yu Liao
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cancer Center, & Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shubo Du
- School of Bioengineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
| | - Jingyan Ge
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Synthesis of Zhejiang Province, College of Biotechnology and Bioengineering, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China
| | - Su Zeng
- Institute of Drug Metabolism and Pharmaceutical Analysis, Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Anti-Cancer Drug Research, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cancer Center, & Hangzhou Institute of Innovative Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shao Q Yao
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 4 Science Drive 2, Singapore, 117544
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8
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Otsubo R, Minamitani T, Kobiyama K, Fujita J, Ito T, Ueno S, Anzai I, Tanino H, Aoyama H, Matsuura Y, Namba K, Imadome KI, Ishii KJ, Tsumoto K, Kamitani W, Yasui T. Human antibody recognition and neutralization mode on the NTD and RBD domains of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Sci Rep 2022; 12:20120. [PMID: 36418391 PMCID: PMC9684487 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-24730-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Variants of concern (VOCs) such as Delta and Omicron have developed, which continue to spread the pandemic. It has been reported that these VOCs reduce vaccine efficacy and evade many neutralizing monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) that target the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the glycosylated spike (S) protein, which consists of the S1 and S2 subunits. Therefore, identification of optimal target regions is required to obtain neutralizing antibodies that can counter VOCs. Such regions have not been identified to date. We obtained 2 mAbs, NIBIC-71 and 7G7, using peripheral blood mononuclear cells derived from volunteers who recovered from COVID-19. Both mAbs had neutralizing activity against wild-type SARS-CoV-2 and Delta, but not Omicron. NIBIC-71 binds to the RBD, whereas 7G7 recognizes the N-terminal domain of the S1. In particular, 7G7 inhibited S1/S2 cleavage but not the interaction between the S protein and angiotensin-converting enzyme 2; it suppressed viral entry. Thus, the efficacy of a neutralizing mAb targeting inhibition of S1/2 cleavage was demonstrated. These results suggest that neutralizing mAbs targeting blockade of S1/S2 cleavage are likely to be cross-reactive against various VOCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Otsubo
- grid.482562.fLaboratory of Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research (CVAR), National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085 Japan
| | - Takeharu Minamitani
- grid.482562.fLaboratory of Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research (CVAR), National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085 Japan ,grid.472122.0Present Address: Toyama Prefectural Institute for Pharmaceutical Research, 17-1 Nakataikoyama, Imizu, Toyama 939-0363 Japan
| | - Kouji Kobiyama
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDivision of Vaccine Science, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639 Japan ,grid.482562.fLaboratory of Adjuvant Innovation, CVAR, NIBIOHN, 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085 Japan
| | - Junso Fujita
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan ,grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Toshihiro Ito
- grid.482562.fLaboratory of Proteome Research, NIBIOHN, 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085 Japan ,grid.258799.80000 0004 0372 2033Present Address: Laboratory of Experimental Immunology, Department of Regeneration Science and Engineering, Institute for Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, 53 Shogoin Kawahara-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8507 Japan
| | - Shiori Ueno
- grid.256642.10000 0000 9269 4097Department of Infectious Diseases and Host Defense, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, 3-39-22 Syowa-cho, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511 Japan
| | - Itsuki Anzai
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Department of Molecular Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Hiroki Tanino
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Aoyama
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Osaka University, 1-6 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Matsuura
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Centre for Infectious Disease Education and Research, Osaka University, 2-8 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan ,grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Laboratory of Virus Control, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Keiichi Namba
- grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan ,grid.136593.b0000 0004 0373 3971JEOL YOKOGUSHI Research Alliance Laboratories, Osaka University, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan ,grid.472717.0RIKEN SPring-8 Center, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871 Japan
| | - Ken-Ichi Imadome
- grid.63906.3a0000 0004 0377 2305Department of Advanced Medicine for Infections, National Center for Child Health and Development (NCCHD), 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 157-8535 Japan
| | - Ken J. Ishii
- grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDivision of Vaccine Science, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639 Japan ,grid.482562.fLaboratory of Adjuvant Innovation, CVAR, NIBIOHN, 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085 Japan
| | - Kouhei Tsumoto
- grid.482562.fCenter for Drug Discovery Research (CDDR), National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085 Japan ,grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XDepartment of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8656 Japan ,grid.26999.3d0000 0001 2151 536XMedical Proteomics Laboratory, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108-8639 Japan
| | - Wataru Kamitani
- grid.256642.10000 0000 9269 4097Department of Infectious Diseases and Host Defense, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma University, 3-39-22 Syowa-cho, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511 Japan
| | - Teruhito Yasui
- grid.482562.fLaboratory of Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Center for Vaccine and Adjuvant Research (CVAR), National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition (NIBIOHN), 7-6-8 Saito-Asagi, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0085 Japan
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