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Angelia J, Duong L, Yun F, Mesic A, Yuan C, Carr D, Gunari S, Hudson PK, Morisseau C, Hammock BD, Kandasamy R, Pecic S. Quinolinyl-based multitarget-directed ligands with soluble epoxide hydrolase and fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibitory activities: Synthetic studies and pharmacological evaluations. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32262. [PMID: 38912512 PMCID: PMC11190605 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/30/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Simultaneous inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) and fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) with a single small molecule represents a novel therapeutic approach in treating inflammatory pain, since both targets are involved in pain and inflammation processes. In this study using multi-target directed ligands methodology we designed and synthesized 7 quinolinyl-based dual sEH/FAAH inhibitors, using an optimized microwave-assisted Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction and tested their potency in human FAAH and human, rat, and mouse sEH inhibition assays. The structure-activity relationship study showed that quinolinyl moiety is well tolerated in the active sites of both enzymes, yielding several very potent dual sEH/FAAH inhibitors with the IC50 values in the low nanomolar range. The most potent dual inhibitor 4d was further evaluated in stability assay in human and rat plasma where it performed better than the standard Warfarin while in vivo study revealed that 1 mg/kg 4d can inhibit acute inflammatory pain in male rats to a similar degree as the traditional nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug ketoprofen (30 mg/kg) after intraperitoneal injection. ADMET prediction studies for this dual inhibitor show favorable pharmacokinetic properties which will guide the future in vivo evaluations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeannes Angelia
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, California State University, Fullerton, 800 N. State College, Fullerton, CA, 92834, United States
| | - Leah Duong
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, California State University, Fullerton, 800 N. State College, Fullerton, CA, 92834, United States
| | - Faye Yun
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, California State University, Fullerton, 800 N. State College, Fullerton, CA, 92834, United States
| | - Anesa Mesic
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, California State University, Fullerton, 800 N. State College, Fullerton, CA, 92834, United States
| | - Cassandra Yuan
- Department of Psychology, California State University, East Bay, 25800 Carlos Bee Blvd. Science S229, Hayward, CA, 94542, United States
| | - Daniel Carr
- Department of Psychology, California State University, East Bay, 25800 Carlos Bee Blvd. Science S229, Hayward, CA, 94542, United States
| | - Siena Gunari
- Department of Psychology, California State University, East Bay, 25800 Carlos Bee Blvd. Science S229, Hayward, CA, 94542, United States
| | - Paula K. Hudson
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, California State University, Fullerton, 800 N. State College, Fullerton, CA, 92834, United States
| | - Christophe Morisseau
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, United States
| | - Bruce D. Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, United States
| | - Ram Kandasamy
- Department of Psychology, California State University, East Bay, 25800 Carlos Bee Blvd. Science S229, Hayward, CA, 94542, United States
| | - Stevan Pecic
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, California State University, Fullerton, 800 N. State College, Fullerton, CA, 92834, United States
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Demartini C, Greco R, Zanaboni AM, Francavilla M, Facchetti S, Tassorelli C. URB937 Prevents the Development of Mechanical Allodynia in Male Rats with Trigeminal Neuralgia. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1626. [PMID: 38004491 PMCID: PMC10675761 DOI: 10.3390/ph16111626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cannabinoids are proposed for alleviating neuropathic pain, but their use is limited by cannabimimetic side effects. The inhibition of the fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), the degrading enzyme of the endocannabinoid anandamide, has received attention as an alternative to cannabinoids in the treatment of neuropathic pain. Here, we investigated the effect of URB937, a blood-brain barrier impermeant FAAH inhibitor, on experimentally induced mechanical allodynia in an animal model of trigeminal neuralgia. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to chronic constriction injury of the infraorbital nerve (IoN-CCI); operated animals were treated sub-chronically with URB937 (1 mg/kg, i.p.) or vehicle before or after trigeminal mechanical allodynia establishment. We also assayed mRNA expression levels of the pain neuropeptide calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and cytokines in the medulla, cervical spinal cord, and trigeminal ganglion ipsilateral to IoN-CCI using rt-PCR. URB937 treatment prevented the development of mechanical allodynia and IoN-CCI-induced changes in mRNA expression levels of CGRP and cytokines in the evaluated areas. When administered after allodynia development, URB937 prevented IoN-CCI-induced changes in CGRP and cytokine gene expression; this was not associated with a significant abrogation of the mechanical allodynia. These findings suggest that URB937 may counteract, but not reverse, the development of allodynia in trigeminal neuralgia. Further research is needed to elucidate the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Demartini
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Via Bassi 21, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.M.Z.); (M.F.); (C.T.)
- Section of Translational Neurovascular Research, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Via Mondino 2, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (R.G.); (S.F.)
| | - Rosaria Greco
- Section of Translational Neurovascular Research, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Via Mondino 2, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (R.G.); (S.F.)
| | - Anna Maria Zanaboni
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Via Bassi 21, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.M.Z.); (M.F.); (C.T.)
- Section of Translational Neurovascular Research, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Via Mondino 2, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (R.G.); (S.F.)
| | - Miriam Francavilla
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Via Bassi 21, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.M.Z.); (M.F.); (C.T.)
- Section of Translational Neurovascular Research, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Via Mondino 2, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (R.G.); (S.F.)
| | - Sara Facchetti
- Section of Translational Neurovascular Research, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Via Mondino 2, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (R.G.); (S.F.)
| | - Cristina Tassorelli
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Via Bassi 21, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.M.Z.); (M.F.); (C.T.)
- Section of Translational Neurovascular Research, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Via Mondino 2, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (R.G.); (S.F.)
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3
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Wang Y. Multidisciplinary Advances Address the Challenges in Developing Drugs against Transient Receptor Potential Channels to Treat Metabolic Disorders. ChemMedChem 2023; 18:e202200562. [PMID: 36530131 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202200562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential (TRP) channels are cation channels that regulate key physiological and pathological processes in response to a broad range of stimuli. Moreover, they systemically regulate the release of hormones, metabolic homeostasis, and complications of diabetes, which positions them as promising therapeutic targets to combat metabolic disorders. Nevertheless, there are significant challenges in the design of TRP ligands with high potency and durability. Herein we summarize the four challenges as hydrophobicity, selectivity, mono-target therapy, and interspecies discrepancy. We present 1134 TRP ligands with diversified modes of TRP-ligand interaction and provide a detailed discussion of the latest strategies, especially cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM) and computational methods. We propose solutions to address the challenges with a critical analysis of advances in membrane partitioning, polypharmacology, biased agonism, and biochemical screening of transcriptional modulators. They are fueled by the breakthrough from cryo-EM, chemoinformatics and bioinformatics. The discussion is aimed to shed new light on designing next-generation drugs to treat obesity, diabetes and its complications, with optimal hydrophobicity, higher mode selectivity, multi-targeting and consistent activities between human and rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yibing Wang
- School of Kinesiology, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China.,Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Exercise and Metabolic Health, Shanghai, 200438, P. R. China
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4
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Angelia J, Weng X, Solomatov A, Chin C, Fernandez A, Hudson PK, Morisseau C, Hammock BD, Kandasamy R, Pecic S. Structure-activity relationship studies of benzothiazole-phenyl analogs as multi-target ligands to alleviate pain without affecting normal behavior. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2023; 164:106702. [PMID: 36529320 PMCID: PMC9879382 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2022.106702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) and fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) are potential targets for several diseases. Previous studies have reported that concomitant selective inhibition of sEH and FAAH produced antinociception effects in an animal model of pain. However, the co-administration of a selective sEH inhibitor and a selective FAAH inhibitor might produce serious side effects due to drug-drug interactions that could complicate drug development in the long term. Thus, discovering dual sEH/FAAH inhibitors, single small molecules that can simultaneously inhibit both sEH and FAAH, would be a significant accomplishment in the medicinal chemistry field. Herein, we report the synthesis and biological evaluation of benzothiazole-phenyl-based analogs as potential dual sEH/FAAH inhibitors. This work represents a follow-up structure-activity relationship (SAR) and metabolic-stability studies of our best dual sEH/FAAH inhibitor identified previously, as well as in vivo evaluation of its effects on voluntary locomotor behavior in rats. Our SAR study indicates that trifluoromethyl groups on the aromatic rings are well tolerated by the targeted enzymes when placed at the ortho and para positions; however, they, surprisingly, did not improve metabolic stability in liver microsomes. Our behavioral studies indicate that doses of dual sEH/FAAH inhibitors that alleviate pain do not depress voluntary behavior in naïve rats, which is a common side effect of currently available analgesic drugs (e.g., opioids). Thus, dual sEH/FAAH inhibitors may be a safe and effective approach to treat pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeannes Angelia
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, California State University, Fullerton, 800 N. State College, Fullerton, CA 92834, United States
| | - Xiaohui Weng
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, California State University, Fullerton, 800 N. State College, Fullerton, CA 92834, United States
| | - Aleksei Solomatov
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, California State University, Fullerton, 800 N. State College, Fullerton, CA 92834, United States
| | - Christopher Chin
- Department of Psychology, California State University, East Bay, 25800 Carlos Bee Blvd. Science S229, Hayward, CA 94542, United States
| | - Alyssa Fernandez
- Department of Psychology, California State University, East Bay, 25800 Carlos Bee Blvd. Science S229, Hayward, CA 94542, United States
| | - Paula K Hudson
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, California State University, Fullerton, 800 N. State College, Fullerton, CA 92834, United States
| | - Christophe Morisseau
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Ram Kandasamy
- Department of Psychology, California State University, East Bay, 25800 Carlos Bee Blvd. Science S229, Hayward, CA 94542, United States.
| | - Stevan Pecic
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, California State University, Fullerton, 800 N. State College, Fullerton, CA 92834, United States.
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5
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Mock ED, Gagestein B, van der Stelt M. Anandamide and other N-acylethanolamines: A class of signaling lipids with therapeutic opportunities. Prog Lipid Res 2023; 89:101194. [PMID: 36150527 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2022.101194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
N-acylethanolamines (NAEs), including N-palmitoylethanolamine (PEA), N-oleoylethanolamine (OEA), N-arachidonoylethanolamine (AEA, anandamide), N-docosahexaenoylethanolamine (DHEA, synaptamide) and their oxygenated metabolites are a lipid messenger family with numerous functions in health and disease, including inflammation, anxiety and energy metabolism. The NAEs exert their signaling role through activation of various G protein-coupled receptors (cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors, GPR55, GPR110, GPR119), ion channels (TRPV1) and nuclear receptors (PPAR-α and PPAR-γ) in the brain and periphery. The biological role of the oxygenated NAEs, such as prostamides, hydroxylated anandamide and DHEA derivatives, are less studied. Evidence is accumulating that NAEs and their oxidative metabolites may be aberrantly regulated or are associated with disease severity in obesity, metabolic syndrome, cancer, neuroinflammation and liver cirrhosis. Here, we comprehensively review NAE biosynthesis and degradation, their metabolism by lipoxygenases, cyclooxygenases and cytochrome P450s and the biological functions of these signaling lipids. We discuss the latest findings and therapeutic potential of modulating endogenous NAE levels by inhibition of their degradation, which is currently under clinical evaluation for neuropsychiatric disorders. We also highlight NAE biosynthesis inhibition as an emerging topic with therapeutic opportunities in endocannabinoid and NAE signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elliot D Mock
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University and Oncode Institute, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden 2333 CC, The Netherlands
| | - Berend Gagestein
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University and Oncode Institute, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden 2333 CC, The Netherlands
| | - Mario van der Stelt
- Department of Molecular Physiology, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University and Oncode Institute, Einsteinweg 55, Leiden 2333 CC, The Netherlands.
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6
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Mabou Tagne A, Fotio Y, Uppal PS, Piomelli D. Synergistic antinociceptive effects of concomitant NAAA and peripheral FAAH inhibition. Exp Neurol 2022; 357:114194. [PMID: 35932800 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2022.114194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The intracellular lipid amidases, fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and N-acylethanolamine acid amidase (NAAA), terminate the actions of anandamide and palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), two antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory lipid-derived mediators. Here we show, confirming prior research, that small-molecule inhibitors of peripheral FAAH (compound URB937) and systemic NAAA (compound ARN19702) individually attenuate, in male CD-1 mice, pain-related behaviors and paw inflammation in the formalin and carrageenan tests. More importantly, isobolographic analyses revealed that the combination of URB937 and ARN19702 produced substantial synergistic (greater than additive) antinociceptive effects in both models as well as additive anti-inflammatory effects in the carrageenan test. Together, the findings uncover a functional interplay between FAAH and NAAA substrates in the control of nociception, which might be exploited clinically to develop safe and effective pain management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Mabou Tagne
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-4625, USA.
| | - Yannick Fotio
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-4625, USA
| | - Parwinder Singh Uppal
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-4625, USA
| | - Daniele Piomelli
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-4625, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-4625, USA; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California Irvine, CA 92697-4625, USA.
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7
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Lysophosphatidylcholine: Potential Target for the Treatment of Chronic Pain. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158274. [PMID: 35955410 PMCID: PMC9368269 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The bioactive lipid lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), a major phospholipid component of oxidized low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL), originates from the cleavage of phosphatidylcholine by phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and is catabolized to other substances by different enzymatic pathways. LPC exerts pleiotropic effects mediated by its receptors, G protein-coupled signaling receptors, Toll-like receptors, and ion channels to activate several second messengers. Lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) is increasingly considered a key marker/factor positively in pathological states, especially inflammation and atherosclerosis development. Current studies have indicated that the injury of nervous tissues promotes oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation, as well as excessive accumulation of LPC, enhancing the membrane hyperexcitability to induce chronic pain, which may be recognized as one of the hallmarks of chronic pain. However, findings from lipidomic studies of LPC have been lacking in the context of chronic pain. In this review, we focus in some detail on LPC sources, biochemical pathways, and the signal-transduction system. Moreover, we outline the detection methods of LPC for accurate analysis of each individual LPC species and reveal the pathophysiological implication of LPC in chronic pain, which makes it an interesting target for biomarkers and the development of medicine regarding chronic pain.
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8
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Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase and Diabetes Complications. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23116232. [PMID: 35682911 PMCID: PMC9180978 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23116232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) can result in microvascular complications such as neuropathy, retinopathy, nephropathy, and cerebral small vessel disease, and contribute to macrovascular complications, such as heart failure, peripheral arterial disease, and large vessel stroke. T2DM also increases the risks of depression and dementia for reasons that remain largely unclear. Perturbations in the cytochrome P450-soluble epoxide hydrolase (CYP-sEH) pathway have been implicated in each of these diabetes complications. Here we review evidence from the clinical and animal literature suggesting the involvement of the CYP-sEH pathway in T2DM complications across organ systems, and highlight possible mechanisms (e.g., inflammation, fibrosis, mitochondrial function, endoplasmic reticulum stress, the unfolded protein response and autophagy) that may be relevant to the therapeutic potential of the pathway. These mechanisms may be broadly relevant to understanding, preventing and treating microvascular complications affecting the brain and other organ systems in T2DM.
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9
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Papa A, Pasquini S, Contri C, Gemma S, Campiani G, Butini S, Varani K, Vincenzi F. Polypharmacological Approaches for CNS Diseases: Focus on Endocannabinoid Degradation Inhibition. Cells 2022; 11:cells11030471. [PMID: 35159280 PMCID: PMC8834510 DOI: 10.3390/cells11030471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Polypharmacology breaks up the classical paradigm of “one-drug, one target, one disease” electing multitarget compounds as potential therapeutic tools suitable for the treatment of complex diseases, such as metabolic syndrome, psychiatric or degenerative central nervous system (CNS) disorders, and cancer. These diseases often require a combination therapy which may result in positive but also negative synergistic effects. The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is emerging as a particularly attractive therapeutic target in CNS disorders and neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson’s disease (PD), Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Huntington’s disease (HD), multiple sclerosis (MS), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), stroke, traumatic brain injury (TBI), pain, and epilepsy. ECS is an organized neuromodulatory network, composed by endogenous cannabinoids, cannabinoid receptors type 1 and type 2 (CB1 and CB2), and the main catabolic enzymes involved in the endocannabinoid inactivation such as fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL). The multiple connections of the ECS with other signaling pathways in the CNS allows the consideration of the ECS as an optimal source of inspiration in the development of innovative polypharmacological compounds. In this review, we focused our attention on the reported polypharmacological examples in which FAAH and MAGL inhibitors are involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Papa
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, DoE Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy; (A.P.); (S.G.); (G.C.)
| | - Silvia Pasquini
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (S.P.); (C.C.); (K.V.); (F.V.)
| | - Chiara Contri
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (S.P.); (C.C.); (K.V.); (F.V.)
| | - Sandra Gemma
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, DoE Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy; (A.P.); (S.G.); (G.C.)
| | - Giuseppe Campiani
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, DoE Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy; (A.P.); (S.G.); (G.C.)
| | - Stefania Butini
- Department of Biotechnology, Chemistry and Pharmacy, DoE Department of Excellence 2018-2022, University of Siena, Via Aldo Moro 2, 53100 Siena, Italy; (A.P.); (S.G.); (G.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-0577-234161
| | - Katia Varani
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (S.P.); (C.C.); (K.V.); (F.V.)
| | - Fabrizio Vincenzi
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Ferrara, Via Fossato di Mortara 17-19, 44121 Ferrara, Italy; (S.P.); (C.C.); (K.V.); (F.V.)
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10
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Wilt S, Kodani S, Valencia L, Hudson PK, Sanchez S, Quintana T, Morisseau C, Hammock BD, Kandasamy R, Pecic S. Further exploration of the structure-activity relationship of dual soluble epoxide hydrolase/fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2021; 51:116507. [PMID: 34794001 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2021.116507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) is a membrane protein that hydrolyzes endocannabinoids, and its inhibition produces analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects. The soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) hydrolyzes epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) to dihydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids. EETs have anti-inflammatory and inflammation resolving properties, thus inhibition of sEH consequently reduces inflammation. Concurrent inhibition of both enzymes may represent a novel approach in the treatment of chronic pain. Drugs with multiple targets can provide a superior therapeutic effect and a decrease in side effects compared to ligands with single targets. Previously, microwave-assisted methodologies were employed to synthesize libraries of benzothiazole analogs from which high affinity dual inhibitors (e.g. 3, sEH IC50 = 9.6 nM; FAAH IC50 = 7 nM) were identified. Here, our structure-activity relationship studies revealed that the 4-phenylthiazole moiety is well tolerated by both enzymes, producing excellent inhibition potencies in the low nanomolar range (e.g. 6o, sEH IC50 = 2.5 nM; FAAH IC50 = 9.8 nM). Docking experiments show that the new class of dual inhibitors bind within the catalytic sites of both enzymes. Prediction of several pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic properties suggest that these new dual inhibitors are good candidates for further in vivo evaluation. Finally, dual inhibitor 3 was tested in the Formalin Test, a rat model of acute inflammatory pain. The data indicate that 3 produces antinociception against the inflammatory phase of the Formalin Test in vivo and is metabolically stable following intraperitoneal administration in male rats. Further, antinociception produced by 3 is comparable to that of ketoprofen, a traditional nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug. The results presented here will help toward the long-term goal of developing novel non-opioid therapeutics for pain management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Wilt
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, California State University, Fullerton, 800 N. State College, Fullerton, CA 92834, United States
| | - Sean Kodani
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Leah Valencia
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, California State University, Fullerton, 800 N. State College, Fullerton, CA 92834, United States
| | - Paula K Hudson
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, California State University, Fullerton, 800 N. State College, Fullerton, CA 92834, United States
| | - Stephanie Sanchez
- Department of Psychology, California State University, East Bay, 25800 Carlos Bee Blvd. Science S229, Hayward, CA 94542, United States
| | - Taylor Quintana
- Department of Psychology, California State University, East Bay, 25800 Carlos Bee Blvd. Science S229, Hayward, CA 94542, United States
| | - Christophe Morisseau
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Ram Kandasamy
- Department of Psychology, California State University, East Bay, 25800 Carlos Bee Blvd. Science S229, Hayward, CA 94542, United States.
| | - Stevan Pecic
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, California State University, Fullerton, 800 N. State College, Fullerton, CA 92834, United States.
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11
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The Peripheral Cannabinoid Receptor Type 1 (CB 1) as a Molecular Target for Modulating Body Weight in Man. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26206178. [PMID: 34684760 PMCID: PMC8538448 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26206178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The cannabinoid 1 (CB1) receptor regulates appetite and body weight; however, unwanted central side effects of both agonists (in wasting disorders) or antagonists (in obesity and diabetes) have limited their therapeutic utility. At the peripheral level, CB1 receptor activation impacts the energy balance of mammals in a number of different ways: inhibiting satiety and emesis, increasing food intake, altering adipokine and satiety hormone levels, altering taste sensation, decreasing lipolysis (fat break down), and increasing lipogenesis (fat generation). The CB1 receptor also plays an important role in the gut–brain axis control of appetite and satiety. The combined effect of peripheral CB1 activation is to promote appetite, energy storage, and energy preservation (and the opposite is true for CB1 antagonists). Therefore, the next generation of CB1 receptor medicines (agonists and antagonists, and indirect modulators of the endocannabinoid system) have been peripherally restricted to mitigate these issues, and some of these are already in clinical stage development. These compounds also have demonstrated potential in other conditions such as alcoholic steatohepatitis and diabetic nephropathy (peripherally restricted CB1 antagonists) and pain conditions (peripherally restricted CB1 agonists and FAAH inhibitors). This review will discuss the mechanisms by which peripheral CB1 receptors regulate body weight, and the therapeutic utility of peripherally restricted drugs in the management of body weight and beyond.
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12
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Abstract
The endocannabinoids are lipid-derived messengers that play a diversity of regulatory roles in mammalian physiology. Dysfunctions in their activity have been implicated in various disease conditions, attracting attention to the endocannabinoid system as a possible source of therapeutic drugs. This signaling complex has three components: the endogenous ligands, anandamide and 2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycerol (2-AG); a set of enzymes and transporters that generate, eliminate, or modify such ligands; and selective cell surface receptors that mediate their biological actions. We provide an overview of endocannabinoid formation, deactivation, and biotransformation and outline the properties and therapeutic potential of pharmacological agents that interfere with those processes. We describe small-molecule inhibitors that target endocannabinoid-producing enzymes, carrier proteins that transport the endocannabinoids into cells, and intracellular endocannabinoid-metabolizing enzymes. We briefly discuss selected agents that simultaneously interfere with components of the endocannabinoid system and with other functionally related signaling pathways. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Volume 62 is January 2022. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Piomelli
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA; .,Departments of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA
| | - Alex Mabou Tagne
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, USA;
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13
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Abstract
In this review, the state of the art for compounds affecting the endocannabinoid (eCB) system is described with a focus on the treatment of pain. Amongst directly acting CB receptor ligands, clinical experience with ∆9 -tetrahydracannabinol and medical cannabis in chronic non-cancer pain indicates that there are differences between the benefits perceived by patients and the at best modest effect seen in meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials. The reason for this difference is not known but may involve differences in the type of patients that are recruited, the study conditions that are chosen and the degree to which biases such as reporting bias are operative. Other directly acting CB receptor ligands such as biased agonists and allosteric receptor modulators have not yet reached the clinic. Amongst indirectly acting compounds targeting the enzymes responsible for the synthesis and catabolism of the eCBs anandamide and 2-arachidonoylglycerol, fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitors have been investigated clinically but were per se not useful for the treatment of pain, although they may be useful for the treatment of post-traumatic stress disorder and cannabis use disorder. Dual-acting compounds targeting this enzyme and other targets such as cyclooxygenase-2 or transient potential vanilloid receptor 1 may be a way forward for the treatment of pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Fowler
- From the, Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
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14
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Buisseret B, Guillemot-Legris O, Ben Kouidar Y, Paquot A, Muccioli GG, Alhouayek M. Effects of R-flurbiprofen and the oxygenated metabolites of endocannabinoids in inflammatory pain mice models. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21411. [PMID: 33749884 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002468r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Pain is one of the cardinal signs accompanying inflammation. The prostaglandins (PGs), synthetized from arachidonic acid by cyclooxygenase (COX)-2, are major bioactive lipids implicated in inflammation and pain. However, COX-2 is also able to metabolize other lipids, including the endocannabinoids 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG) and anandamide (AEA), to give glycerol ester (PG-G) and ethanolamide (PG-EA) derivatives of the PGs. Consequently, COX-2 can be considered as a hub not only controlling PG synthesis, but also PG-G and PG-EA synthesis. As they were more recently characterized, these endocannabinoid metabolites are less studied in nociception compared to PGs. Interestingly R-profens, previously considered as inactive enantiomers of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), are substrate-selective COX inhibitors. Indeed, R-flurbiprofen can selectively block PG-G and PG-EA production, without affecting PG synthesis from COX-2. Therefore, we compared the effect of R-flurbiprofen and S-flurbiprofen in models of inflammatory pain triggered by local administration of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and carrageenan in mice. Remarkably, the effects of flurbiprofen enantiomers on mechanical hyperalgesia seem to depend on (i) the inflammatory stimuli, (ii) the route of administration, and (iii) the timing of administration. We also assessed the effect of administration of the PG-Gs, PG-EAs, and PGs on LPS-induced mechanical hyperalgesia. Our data support the interest of studying the nonhydrolytic endocannabinoid metabolism in the context of inflammatory pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baptiste Buisseret
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Owein Guillemot-Legris
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Youssef Ben Kouidar
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Adrien Paquot
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Giulio G Muccioli
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mireille Alhouayek
- Bioanalysis and Pharmacology of Bioactive Lipids Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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15
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Cagli A, Senol SP, Temiz-Resitoglu M, Guden DS, Sari AN, Sahan-Firat S, Tunctan B. Soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor trifluoromethoxyphenyl-3-(1-propionylpiperidin-4-yl)urea prevents hyperalgesia through regulating NLRC4 inflammasome-related pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory signaling pathways in the lipopolysaccharide-induced pain mouse model. Drug Dev Res 2021; 82:815-825. [PMID: 33559150 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2020] [Revised: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) have anti-inflammatory effects and soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) inhibition might be a useful therapeutic approach to manage inflammatory disorders. The purpose of the study was to investigate whether nucleotide-binding and oligomerization domain-like receptor (NLR) C4 inflammasome-related pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory signaling pathways in the central nervous system (CNS) participates in the effect of trifluoromethoxyphenyl-3-(1-propionylpiperidin-4-yl)urea (TPPU), a potent sEH inhibitor, to prevent hyperalgesia in the LPS-induced pain mouse model. The latency of pain within 30 s was measured by the hot plate test in male mice injected with saline, lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (10 mg/kg), and/or TPPU (0.3, 0.5, or 1 mg/kg) after 6 h. Hyperalgesia induced by LPS was associated with decreased 14,15-dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acid and interleukin (IL)-1β levels and enhanced expression of NLRC4, apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a caspase activation and recruitment domain (ASC), caspase-1 p20, IL-1β, and caspase-11 p20 in the brains and spinal cords of the animals. Besides the increased expression of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NOX) subunits (gp91phox and p47phox ) and nitrotyrosine, a decrease in NLRC3, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and neuronal NOS (nNOS) expression was also observed in the tissues of LPS-treated mice. TPPU at 0.5 mg/kg dose prevented the changes induced by LPS. Likely, decreased activity of pro-inflammatory NLRC4/ASC/pro-caspase-1 and caspase-11 inflammasomes and NOX in addition to enhanced levels of anti-inflammatory EETs and expression of NLRC3, iNOS, and nNOS in the CNS of mice participates in the protective effect of TPPU against LPS-induced hyperalgesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Cagli
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Sefika Pinar Senol
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | | | - Demet Sinem Guden
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Ayse Nihal Sari
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Seyhan Sahan-Firat
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Bahar Tunctan
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
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16
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Wang Y, Wagner KM, Morisseau C, Hammock BD. Inhibition of the Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase as an Analgesic Strategy: A Review of Preclinical Evidence. J Pain Res 2021; 14:61-72. [PMID: 33488116 PMCID: PMC7814236 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s241893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic pain is a complicated condition which causes substantial physical, emotional, and financial impacts on individuals and society. However, due to high cost, lack of efficacy and safety problems, current treatments are insufficient. There is a clear unmet medical need for safe, nonaddictive and effective therapies in the management of pain. Epoxy-fatty acids (EpFAs), which are natural signaling molecules, play key roles in mediation of both inflammatory and neuropathic pain sensation. However, their molecular mechanisms of action remain largely unknown. Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) rapidly converts EpFAs into less bioactive fatty acid diols in vivo; therefore, inhibition of sEH is an emerging therapeutic target to enhance the beneficial effect of natural EpFAs. In this review, we will discuss sEH inhibition as an analgesic strategy for pain management and the underlying molecular mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Wang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Karen M Wagner
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Christophe Morisseau
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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17
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Sun CP, Zhang XY, Morisseau C, Hwang SH, Zhang ZJ, Hammock BD, Ma XC. Discovery of Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Inhibitors from Chemical Synthesis and Natural Products. J Med Chem 2020; 64:184-215. [PMID: 33369424 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.0c01507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) is an α/β hydrolase fold protein and widely distributed in numerous organs including the liver, kidney, and brain. The inhibition of sEH can effectively maintain endogenous epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) levels and reduce dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids (DHETs) levels, resulting in therapeutic potentials for cardiovascular, central nervous system, and metabolic diseases. Therefore, since the beginning of this century, the development of sEH inhibitors is a hot research topic. A variety of potent sEH inhibitors have been developed by chemical synthesis or isolated from natural sources. In this review, we mainly summarized the interconnected aspects of sEH with cardiovascular, central nervous system, and metabolic diseases and then focus on representative inhibitors, which would provide some useful guidance for the future development of potential sEH inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Peng Sun
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Yue Zhang
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, People's Republic of China
| | - Christophe Morisseau
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Sung Hee Hwang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Zhan-Jun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, People's Republic of China
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Xiao-Chi Ma
- Dalian Key Laboratory of Metabolic Target Characterization and Traditional Chinese Medicine Intervention, College (Institute) of Integrative Medicine, College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, People's Republic of China.,College of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, People's Republic of China
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18
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Singh N, Barnych B, Morisseau C, Wagner KM, Wan D, Takeshita A, Pham H, Xu T, Dandekar A, Liu JY, Hammock BD. N-Benzyl-linoleamide, a Constituent of Lepidium meyenii (Maca), Is an Orally Bioavailable Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase Inhibitor That Alleviates Inflammatory Pain. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2020; 83:3689-3697. [PMID: 33320645 PMCID: PMC7888481 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c00938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Lepidium meyenii (maca), a plant indigenous to the Peruvian Andes, recently has been utilized globally for claimed health or recreational benefits. The search for natural products that inhibit soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), with therapeutically relevant potencies and concentrations, led to the present study on bioactive amide secondary metabolites found in L. meyenii, the macamides. Based on known and suspected macamides, 19 possible macamides were synthesized and characterized. The majority of these amides displayed excellent inhibitory potency (IC50 ≈ 20-300 nM) toward the recombinant mouse, rat, and human sEH. Quantitative analysis of commercial maca products revealed that certain products contain known macamides (1-5, 8-12) at therapeutically relevant total concentrations (≥3.29 mg/g of root), while the inhibitory potency of L. meyenii extracts directly correlates with the sum of concentration/IC50 ratios of macamides present. Considering both its in vitro efficacy and high abundance in commercial products, N-benzyl-linoleamide (4) was identified as a particularly relevant macamide that can be utilized for in vivo studies. Following oral administration in the rat, compound 4 not only displayed acceptable pharmacokinetic characteristics but effectively reduced lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory pain. Inhibition of sEH by macamides provides a plausible biological mechanism of action to account for several beneficial effects previously observed with L. meyenii treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nalin Singh
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, United States
| | - Bogdan Barnych
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, United States
| | - Christophe Morisseau
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, United States
| | - Karen M. Wagner
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, United States
| | - Debin Wan
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, United States
| | - Ashley Takeshita
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, United States
| | - Hoang Pham
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, United States
| | - Ting Xu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, People’s Republic of China
| | - Abhaya Dandekar
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, United States
| | - Jun-Yan Liu
- Institute of Life Sciences, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, People’s Republic of China
| | - Bruce D. Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, United States
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19
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Ligand-based optimization to identify novel 2-aminobenzo[d]thiazole derivatives as potent sEH inhibitors with anti-inflammatory effects. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 212:113028. [PMID: 33248848 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.113028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Inhibition of the soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) is a promising new therapeutic approach in the treatment of inflammation. Driven by the in-house database product lead 1, a hybridization strategy was utilized for the design of a series of novel benzo [d]thiazol derivatives. To our delight, D016, a byproduct of compound 9, was obtained with an extraordinarily low IC50 value of 0.1 nM but poor physical and chemical properties. After removal of a non-essential urea moiety or replacement of the urea group by an amide group, compounds 15a, 17p, and 18d were identified as promising sEH inhibitors, and their molecular binding modes to sEH were constructed. Furthermore, compounds 15a and 18d exhibited more effective in vivo anti-inflammatory effect than t-AUCB in carrageenan-induced mouse paw edema. Compound 15a also showed moderate metabolic stability with a half-time of 34.7 min. Although 18d was unstable in rat liver microsomes, it might be a "prodrug". In conclusion, this study could provide valuable insights into discovery of new sEH inhibitors, and compounds 15a and 18d were worthy of further development as potential drug candidates to treat inflammation.
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20
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Wilt S, Kodani S, Le TNH, Nguyen L, Vo N, Ly T, Rodriguez M, Hudson PK, Morisseau C, Hammock BD, Pecic S. Development of multitarget inhibitors for the treatment of pain: Design, synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular modeling studies. Bioorg Chem 2020; 103:104165. [PMID: 32891856 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2020.104165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Multitarget-directed ligands are a promising class of drugs for discovering innovative new therapies for difficult to treat diseases. In this study, we designed dual inhibitors targeting the human fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) enzyme and human soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) enzyme. Targeting both of these enzymes concurrently with single target inhibitors synergistically reduces inflammatory and neuropathic pain; thus, dual FAAH/sEH inhibitors are likely to be powerful analgesics. Here, we identified the piperidinyl-sulfonamide moiety as a common pharmacophore and optimized several inhibitors to have excellent inhibition profiles on both targeted enzymes simultaneously. In addition, several inhibitors show good predicted pharmacokinetic properties. These results suggest that this series of inhibitors has the potential to be further developed as new lead candidates and therapeutics in pain management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Wilt
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92831, United States
| | - Sean Kodani
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Thanh N H Le
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92831, United States
| | - Lato Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92831, United States
| | - Nghi Vo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92831, United States
| | - Tanya Ly
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92831, United States
| | - Mark Rodriguez
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92831, United States
| | - Paula K Hudson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92831, United States
| | - Christophe Morisseau
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Stevan Pecic
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University Fullerton, Fullerton, CA 92831, United States.
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21
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Wan X, Fujita Y, Chang L, Wei Y, Ma L, Wuyun G, Pu Y, Hammock BD, Hashimoto K. Lack of rewarding effects of a soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor TPPU in mice: Comparison with morphine. Neuropsychopharmacol Rep 2020; 40:412-416. [PMID: 32896112 PMCID: PMC7722641 DOI: 10.1002/npr2.12136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Although opioids have been used as treatment of neuropathic pain, opioids have abuse potential in humans. Since soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) in the metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids plays a key role in the pain, sEH inhibitors would be promising new therapeutic drugs for neuropathic pain. In this study, we examined the effect of the sEH inhibitor TPPU on rewarding effects in mice using the conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm. METHODS The rewarding effects of morphine (10 mg/kg) and TPPU (3, 10, or 30 mg/kg) in mice were examined using CPP paradigm. Furthermore, the effect of TPPU (30 mg/kg) on morphine-induced rewarding effects was examined. RESULTS TPPU (3, 10, or 30 mg/kg) did not increase CPP scores in the mice whereas morphine significantly increased CPP scores in the mice. Furthermore, pretreatment with TPPU did not block the rewarding effects of morphine in the mice, suggesting that sEH does not play a role in the rewarding effect of morphine. CONCLUSION This study suggests that TPPU did not have rewarding effects in rodents. This would make sEH inhibitors potential therapeutic drugs without abuse potential for neuropathic pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiayun Wan
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuko Fujita
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, Japan
| | - Lijia Chang
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yan Wei
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, Japan
| | - Li Ma
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, Japan
| | - Gerile Wuyun
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yaoyu Pu
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, Japan
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Kenji Hashimoto
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, Japan
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22
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Peripheral soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibition reduces hypernociception and inflammation in albumin-induced arthritis in temporomandibular joint of rats. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 87:106841. [PMID: 32736189 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is characterized by chronic inflammation of the synovial tissue, joint dysfunction, and damage. Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) are endogenous anti-inflammatory compounds, which are quickly converted by the soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) enzyme into a less active form with decreased biological effects. The inhibition of the sEH enzyme has been used as a strategy to lower nociception and inflammation. The goal of this study was to investigate whether the peripheral treatment with the sEH enzyme inhibitor 1- trifluoromethoxyphenyl-3-(1-propionylpiperidin-4-yl) urea (TPPU) could prevent the hypernociception and inflammation in the albumin-induced arthritis model in rats' temporomandibular joint (TMJ). After the induction of experimental arthritis, animals were assessed for nociceptive behavior test, leukocyte infiltration counts and histologic analysis, ELISA to quantify several cytokines and Western blotting. The peripheral pretreatment with TPPU inhibited the arthritis-induced TMJ hypernociception and leukocyte migration. Moreover, the local concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines were diminished by TPPU, while the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10 was up-regulated in the TMJ tissue. Finally, TPPU significantly decreased protein expression of iNOS, while did not alter the expression of MRC1. This study provides evidence that the peripheral administration of TPPU reduces hypernociception and inflammation in TMJ experimental arthritis.
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Abstract
A limited number of peripheral targets generate pain. Inflammatory mediators can sensitize these. The review addresses targets acting exclusively or predominantly on sensory neurons, mediators involved in inflammation targeting sensory neurons, and mediators involved in a more general inflammatory process, of which an analgesic effect secondary to an anti-inflammatory effect can be expected. Different approaches to address these systems are discussed, including scavenging proinflammatory mediators, applying anti-inflammatory mediators, and inhibiting proinflammatory or facilitating anti-inflammatory receptors. New approaches are contrasted to established ones; the current stage of progress is mentioned, in particular considering whether there is data from a molecular and cellular level, from animals, or from human trials, including an early stage after a market release. An overview of publication activity is presented, considering a IuPhar/BPS-curated list of targets with restriction to pain-related publications, which was also used to identify topics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cosmin I Ciotu
- Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstrasse 17, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael J M Fischer
- Center of Physiology and Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstrasse 17, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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24
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Atone J, Wagner K, Hashimoto K, Hammock BD. Cytochrome P450 derived epoxidized fatty acids as a therapeutic tool against neuroinflammatory diseases. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2020; 147:106385. [PMID: 31698143 PMCID: PMC7067627 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2019.106385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 08/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 (CYP) metabolism of arachidonic acid (ARA) produces epoxy fatty acids (EpFAs) such as epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) that are known to exert protective effects in inflammatory disorders. Endogenous EpFAs are further metabolized into corresponding diols by the soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH). Through inhibition of sEH, many studies have demonstrated the cardioprotective and renoprotective effects of EpFAs; however, the role of sEH inhibition in modulating the pathogenesis of neuroinflammatory disorders is less well described. In this review, we discuss the current knowledge surrounding the effects of sEH inhibition and EpFA action in neuroinflammatory disorders such as Parkinson's Disease (PD), stroke, depression, epilepsy, and Alzheimer's Disease (AD), as well as the potential mechanisms that underlie the therapeutic effects of sEH inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jogen Atone
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Karen Wagner
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States
| | - Kenji Hashimoto
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Chiba University Center for Forensic Mental Health, Chiba, Japan
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States.
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25
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McReynolds C, Morisseau C, Wagner K, Hammock B. Epoxy Fatty Acids Are Promising Targets for Treatment of Pain, Cardiovascular Disease and Other Indications Characterized by Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Endoplasmic Stress and Inflammation. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1274:71-99. [PMID: 32894508 PMCID: PMC7737916 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-50621-6_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Bioactive lipid mediators resulting from the metabolism of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are controlled by many pathways that regulate the levels of these mediators and maintain homeostasis to prevent disease. PUFA metabolism is driven primarily through three pathways. Two pathways, the cyclooxygenase (COX) and lipoxygenase (LO) enzymatic pathways, form metabolites that are mostly inflammatory, while the third route of metabolism results from the oxidation by the cytochrome P450 enzymes to form hydroxylated PUFA and epoxide metabolites. These epoxygenated fatty acids (EpFA) demonstrate largely anti-inflammatory and beneficial properties, in contrast to the other metabolites formed from the degradation of PUFA. Dysregulation of these systems often leads to chronic disease. Pharmaceutical targets of disease focus on preventing the formation of inflammatory metabolites from the COX and LO pathways, while maintaining the EpFA and increasing their concentration in the body is seen as beneficial to treating and preventing disease. The soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) is the major route of metabolism of EpFA. Inhibiting its activity increases concentrations of beneficial EpFA, and often disease states correlate to mutations in the sEH enzyme that increase its activity and decrease the concentrations of EpFA in the body. Recent approaches to increasing EpFA include synthetic mimics that replicate biological activity of EpFA while preventing their metabolism, while other approaches focus on developing small molecule inhibitors to the sEH. Increasing EpFA concentrations in the body has demonstrated multiple beneficial effects in treating many diseases, including inflammatory and painful conditions, cardiovascular disease, neurological and disease of the central nervous system. Demonstration of efficacy in so many disease states can be explained by the fundamental mechanism that EpFA have of maintaining healthy microvasculature and preventing mitochondrial and endoplasmic reticulum stress. While there are no FDA approved methods that target the sEH or other enzymes responsible for metabolizing EpFA, current clinical efforts to test for efficacy by increasing EpFA that include inhibiting the sEH or administration of EpFA mimics that block metabolism are in progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy McReynolds
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and U.C. Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- EicOsis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Christophe Morisseau
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and U.C. Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Karen Wagner
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and U.C. Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
- EicOsis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Bruce Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and U.C. Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
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26
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Soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor mediated analgesia lacks tolerance in rat models. Brain Res 2019; 1728:146573. [PMID: 31790682 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Effectively treating chronic pain remains a therapeutic challenge in the clinic. Recent evidence has shown the inhibition of the soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) to be an effective strategy to limit chronic pain in preclinical models, horses and companion animals. Determining the safety of sEH inhibition in addition to this demonstrated efficacy is a critical step to the further development of sEH inhibitors (sEHI) as analgesics. Here we describe a comparison of the sEHI TPPU with other first in class analgesics for human chronic pain. We assess the development of tolerance to the analgesia mediated by TPPU with extended use. We also assess for CNS effects by measuring changes in motor control and functioning. The sEHI are multimodal analgesics that have demonstrated potent efficacy against chronic pain. They have previously been tested and show no reward potential using operant methods. The results of the current experiments show that they lack motor function effects and also lack the development of tolerance with extended dosing.
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27
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Vozella V, Ahmed F, Choobchian P, Merrill CB, Zibardi C, Tarzia G, Mor M, Duranti A, Tontini A, Rivara S, Piomelli D. Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and safety studies on URB937, a peripherally restricted fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibitor, in rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 71:1762-1773. [PMID: 31579946 DOI: 10.1111/jphp.13166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES URB937, a peripheral fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) inhibitor, exerts profound analgesic effects in animal models. We examined, in rats, (1) the pharmacokinetic profile of oral URB937; (2) the compound's ability to elevate levels of the representative FAAH substrate, oleoylethanolamide (OEA); and (3) the compound's tolerability after oral administration. METHODS We developed a liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS-MS) method to measure URB937 and used a pre-existing LC/MS-MS assay to quantify OEA. FAAH activity was measured using a radioactive substrate. The tolerability of single or repeated (once daily for 2 weeks) oral administration of supramaximal doses of URB937 (100, 300, 1000 mg/kg) was assessed by monitoring food intake, water intake and body weight, followed by post-mortem evaluation of organ structure. KEY FINDINGS URB937 was orally available in male rats (F = 36%), but remained undetectable in brain when administered at doses that maximally inhibit FAAH activity and elevate OEA in plasma and liver. Acute and subchronic treatment with high doses of URB937 was well-tolerated and resulted in FAAH inhibition in brain. CONCLUSIONS Pain remains a major unmet medical need. The favourable pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties of URB937, along with its tolerability, encourage further development studies on this compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Vozella
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Faizy Ahmed
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Paoula Choobchian
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Collin B Merrill
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Cristina Zibardi
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Giorgio Tarzia
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino "Carlo Bo", Urbino, Italy
| | - Marco Mor
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Andrea Duranti
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino "Carlo Bo", Urbino, Italy
| | - Andrea Tontini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino "Carlo Bo", Urbino, Italy
| | - Silvia Rivara
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Daniele Piomelli
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.,Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.,Center for the Study of Cannabis, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
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28
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Lee KSS, Yang J, Niu J, Ng CJ, Wagner KM, Dong H, Kodani SD, Wan D, Morisseau C, Hammock BD. Drug-Target Residence Time Affects in Vivo Target Occupancy through Multiple Pathways. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2019; 5:1614-1624. [PMID: 31572788 PMCID: PMC6764161 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.9b00770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The drug discovery and development process is greatly hampered by difficulties in translating in vitro potency to in vivo efficacy. Recent studies suggest that the long-neglected drug-target residence time parameter complements classical drug affinity parameters (K I, K d, IC50, or EC50) and is a better predictor of in vivo efficacy. Compounds with a long drug-target residence time are often more efficacious in vivo. The impact, however, of the drug-target residence time on in vivo efficacy remains controversial due to difficulties in experimentally determining the in vivo target occupancy during drug treatment. To tackle this problem, an in vivo displacement assay was developed using soluble epoxide hydrolase as a biological model. In this report, we experimentally demonstrated that drug-target residence time affects the duration of in vivo drug-target binding. In addition, the drug-target residence time plays an important role in modulating the rate of drug metabolism which also affects the efficacy of the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kin Sing Stephen Lee
- Department
of Entomology and Nematology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
- Department
of Pharmacology and Toxicology and Department of Chemistry, Michigan State University, 1355 Bogue Street, East
Lansing, Michigan 48824, United States
| | - Jun Yang
- Department
of Entomology and Nematology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Jun Niu
- Department
of Entomology and Nematology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Connie J. Ng
- Department
of Entomology and Nematology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Karen M. Wagner
- Department
of Entomology and Nematology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Hua Dong
- Department
of Entomology and Nematology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Sean D. Kodani
- Department
of Entomology and Nematology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Debin Wan
- Department
of Entomology and Nematology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Christophe Morisseau
- Department
of Entomology and Nematology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Bruce D. Hammock
- Department
of Entomology and Nematology and UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
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29
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Liang Z, Zhang B, Xu M, Morisseau C, Hwang SH, Hammock BD, Li QX. 1-Trifluoromethoxyphenyl-3-(1-propionylpiperidin-4-yl) Urea, a Selective and Potent Dual Inhibitor of Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase and p38 Kinase Intervenes in Alzheimer's Signaling in Human Nerve Cells. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:4018-4030. [PMID: 31378059 PMCID: PMC7028313 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder. Neuroinflammation is a prevalent pathogenic stress leading to neuronal death in AD. Targeting neuroinflammation to keep neurons alive is an attractive strategy for AD therapy. 1-Trifluoromethoxyphenyl-3-(1-propionylpiperidin-4-yl) urea (TPPU) is a potent inhibitor of soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) and can enter into the brain. It has good efficacy on a wide range of chronic inflammatory diseases in preclinical animal models. However, the anti-neuroinflammatory effects and molecular mechanisms of TPPU for potential AD interventions remain elusive. With an aim to develop multitarget therapeutics for neurodegenerative diseases, we screened TPPU against sEH from different mammalian species and a broad panel of human kinases in vitro for potential new targets relevant to neuroinflammation in AD. TPPU inhibits both human sEH and p38β kinase, two key regulators of inflammation, with nanomolar potencies and distinct selectivity. To further elucidate the molecular mechanisms, differentiated SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells were used as an AD cell model, and we investigated the neuroprotection of TPPU against amyloid oligomers. We found that TPPU effectively prevents neuronal death by mitigating amyloid neurotoxicity, tau hyperphosphorylation, and mitochondrial dysfunction, promoting neurite outgrowth and suppressing activation and nuclear translocation of NF-κB for inflammatory responses in human nerve cells. The results indicate that TPPU is a potent and selective dual inhibitor of sEH and p38β kinase, showing a synergistic action in multiple AD signaling pathways. Our study sheds light upon TPPU and other sEH/p38β dual inhibitors for potential pharmacological interventions in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibin Liang
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Bei Zhang
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - Meng Xu
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
| | - Christophe Morisseau
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Sung Hee Hwang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Bruce D. Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Qing X. Li
- Department of Molecular Biosciences and Bioengineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, United States
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30
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Thompson JM, Blanton HL, Pietrzak A, Little W, Sherfey C, Guindon J. Front and hind paw differential analgesic effects of amitriptyline, gabapentin, ibuprofen, and URB937 on mechanical and cold sensitivity in cisplatin-induced neuropathy. Mol Pain 2019; 15:1744806919874192. [PMID: 31418316 PMCID: PMC6757502 DOI: 10.1177/1744806919874192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cisplatin is a widely used platinum-derived antineoplastic agent that frequently results in peripheral neuropathy. Therapeutic strategies for neuropathic pain are limited and characterized by variable efficacy and severe adverse effects. Clinical translation of novel analgesics has proven difficult with many agents demonstrating preclinical efficacy failing in clinical trials. Preclinical studies frequently assess pain behaviors in the hind paws; however, the front paws have a greater degree of the fine sensorimotor functions characteristically damaged by chemotherapy-induced neuropathy. This is the first study to assess pain responses in the front paws. Here, we test the hypothesis that mouse front paws exhibit pain-related alterations in mechanical and thermal (cold) sensitivity in a murine model of cisplatin-induced neuropathy and that pharmacological treatment with amitriptyline, gabapentin, ibuprofen, and URB937 normalize pain behaviors in the front and hind paws. Cold (acetone withdrawal latencies) and mechanical (von Frey withdrawal thresholds) sensitivity were significantly increased and decreased respectively in both the front and the hind paws following initiation of weekly systemic (intraperitoneal) cisplatin injections (5 mg/kg). For the hind paws, systemic administration of amitriptyline (30 mg/kg), gabapentin (100 mg/kg), ibuprofen (0–10 mg/kg), or URB937 (0–10 mg/kg) resulted in a decrease in acetone withdrawal latencies and increase in von Frey withdrawal thresholds with return to normal values at the highest doses tested. For the front paws, return to baseline values for the highest doses was found for cold allodynia but not mechanical allodynia, where the highest doses failed to return to baseline values. These results indicate that mouse front paws exhibit pain-related changes in cisplatin-induced neuropathy and that drug effects can vary based on testing stimulus and location. This suggests that front paw responses across multiple modalities provide reliable and accurate information about pain-related drug effects. Future studies should be aimed at elucidating the mechanisms underlying these differential effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy M Thompson
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Henry L Blanton
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Agata Pietrzak
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - William Little
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Caitlyn Sherfey
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Josée Guindon
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA.,Center of Excellence for Translational Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX, USA
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31
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Hiesinger K, Wagner KM, Hammock BD, Proschak E, Hwang SH. Development of multitarget agents possessing soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitory activity. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2019; 140:31-39. [PMID: 30593866 PMCID: PMC6345559 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Over the last two decades polypharmacology has emerged as a new paradigm in drug discovery, even though developing drugs with high potency and selectivity toward a single biological target is still a major strategy. Often, targeting only a single enzyme or receptor shows lack of efficacy. High levels of inhibitor of a single target also can lead to adverse side effects. A second target may offer additive or synergistic effects to affecting the first target thereby reducing on- and off-target side effects. Therefore, drugs that inhibit multiple targets may offer a great potential for increased efficacy and reduced the adverse effects. In this review we summarize recent findings of rationally designed multitarget compounds that are aimed to improve efficacy and safety profiles compared to those that target a single enzyme or receptor. We focus on dual inhibitors/modulators that target the soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) as a common part of their design to take advantage of the beneficial effects of sEH inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Hiesinger
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue Str. 9, D-60439, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Karen M Wagner
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Ewgenij Proschak
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Goethe-University of Frankfurt, Max-von-Laue Str. 9, D-60439, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sung Hee Hwang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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32
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Kodani SD, Morisseau C. Role of epoxy-fatty acids and epoxide hydrolases in the pathology of neuro-inflammation. Biochimie 2019; 159:59-65. [PMID: 30716359 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2019.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is a physiologic response aimed at protecting the central nervous system during injury. However, unresolved and chronic neuroinflammation can lead to long term damage and eventually neurologic disease including Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease and dementia. Recently, enhancing the concentration of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) through blocking their hydrolytic degradation by soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) has been applied towards reducing the long-term damage associated with central neurologic insults. Evidence suggests this protective effect is mediated, at least in part, through polarization of microglia to an anti-inflammatory phenotype that blocks the inflammatory actions of prostaglandins and promotes wound repair. This mini-review overviews the epidemiologic basis for using sEH inhibition towards neuroinflammatory disease and pharmacologic studies testing sEH inhibition in several neurologic diseases. Additionally, the combination of sEH inhibition with other eicosanoid signaling pathways is considered as an enhanced approach for developing potent neuroprotectants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean D Kodani
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Christophe Morisseau
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, UCD Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
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33
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Novel Anti-inflammatory and Vasodilatory ω-3 Endocannabinoid Epoxide Regioisomers. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1161:219-232. [PMID: 31562632 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-21735-8_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests that diets rich in ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) offer protection against vascular inflammation, neuroinflammation, hypertension, and thrombosis. Recently, biochemical studies have demonstrated that these benefits are partially mediated by their conversion to ω-3 endocannabinoid epoxide metabolites. These lipid metabolites originate from the epoxidation of ω-3 endocannabinoids, docosahexanoyl ethanolamide (DHEA) and eicosapentaenoyl ethanolamide (EPEA) by cytochrome P450 (CYP) epoxygenases to form epoxydocosapentaenoic acid-ethanolamides (EDP-EAs) and epoxyeicosatetraenoic acid-ethanolamides (EEQ-EAs), respectively. The EDP-EAs and EEQ-EAs are endogenously produced in rat brain and peripheral organs. Additionally, EDP-EAs and EEQ-EAs dose-dependently decrease pro-inflammatory IL-6 cytokine and increased anti-inflammatory IL-10 cytokine. Furthermore, the EEQ-EAs and EDP-EAs attenuate angiogenesis and cell migration in cancer cells, induce vasodilation in bovine coronary arteries, and reciprocally regulate platelet aggregation in washed human platelets. Taken together, the ω-3 endocannabinoid epoxides represent a new class of dual acting molecules that display unique pharmacological properties.
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34
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Kodani SD, Wan D, Wagner KM, Hwang SH, Morisseau C, Hammock BD. Design and Potency of Dual Soluble Epoxide Hydrolase/Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase Inhibitors. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:14076-14086. [PMID: 30411058 PMCID: PMC6210075 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b01625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) is responsible for regulating concentrations of the endocannabinoid arachidonoyl ethanolamide. Multiple FAAH inhibitors have been developed for clinical trials and have failed to demonstrate efficacy at treating pain, despite promising preclinical data. One approach toward increasing the efficacy of FAAH inhibitors is to concurrently inhibit other targets responsible for regulating pain. Here, we designed dual inhibitors targeting the enzymes FAAH and soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH), which are targets previously shown to synergize at reducing inflammatory and neuropathic pain. Exploration of the sEH/FAAH inhibitor structure-activity relationship started with PF-750, a FAAH inhibitor (IC50 = 19 nM) that weakly inhibited sEH (IC50 = 640 nM). Potency was optimized resulting in an inhibitor with improved potency on both targets (11, sEH IC50 = 5 nM, FAAH IC50 = 8 nM). This inhibitor demonstrated good target selectivity, pharmacokinetic properties (AUC = 1200 h nM, t 1/2 = 4.9 h in mice), and in vivo target engagement.
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35
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Slivicki RA, Saberi SA, Iyer V, Vemuri VK, Makriyannis A, Hohmann AG. Brain-Permeant and -Impermeant Inhibitors of Fatty Acid Amide Hydrolase Synergize with the Opioid Analgesic Morphine to Suppress Chemotherapy-Induced Neuropathic Nociception Without Enhancing Effects of Morphine on Gastrointestinal Transit. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2018; 367:551-563. [PMID: 30275151 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.118.252288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Opioid-based therapies remain a mainstay for chronic pain management, but unwanted side effects limit therapeutic use. We compared efficacies of brain-permeant and -impermeant inhibitors of fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) in suppressing neuropathic pain induced by the chemotherapeutic agent paclitaxel. Paclitaxel produced mechanical and cold allodynia without altering nestlet shredding or marble burying behaviors. We compared FAAH inhibitors that differ in their ability to penetrate the central nervous system for antiallodynic efficacy, pharmacological specificity, and synergism with the opioid analgesic morphine. (3'-(aminocarbonyl)[1,1'-biphenyl]- 3-yl)-cyclohexylcarbamate (URB597), a brain-permeant FAAH inhibitor, attenuated paclitaxel-induced allodynia via cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) and cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) mechanisms. URB937, a brain-impermeant FAAH inhibitor, suppressed paclitaxel-induced allodynia through a CB1 mechanism only. 5-[4-(4-cyano-1-butyn-1-yl)phenyl]-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-N-(1,1-dioxido-4-thiomorpholinyl)-4-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide (AM6545), a peripherally restricted CB1 antagonist, fully reversed the antiallodynic efficacy of N-cyclohexyl-carbamic acid, 3'-(aminocarbonyl)-6-hydroxy[1,1'- biphenyl]-3-yl ester (URB937) but only partially reversed that of URB597. Thus, URB937 suppressed paclitaxel-induced allodynia through a mechanism that was dependent upon peripheral CB1 receptor activation only. Antiallodynic effects of both FAAH inhibitors were reversed by N-(piperidin-1-yl)-5-(4-iodophenyl)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-methyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide (AM251). Antiallodynic effects of URB597, but not URB937, were reversed by 6-iodo-2-methyl-1-[2-(4-morpholinyl)ethyl]-1H-indol-3-yl](4-methoxyphenyl)methanone (AM630). Isobolographic analysis revealed synergistic interactions between morphine and either URB597 or URB937 in reducing paclitaxel-induced allodynia. A leftward shift in the dose-response curve of morphine antinociception was observed when morphine was coadministered with either URB597 or URB937, consistent with morphine sparing. However, neither URB937 nor URB597 enhanced morphine-induced deficits in colonic transit. Thus, our findings suggest that FAAH inhibition may represent a therapeutic avenue to reduce the overall amount of opioid needed for treating neuropathic pain with potential to reduce unwanted side effects that accompany opioid administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A Slivicki
- Program in Neuroscience (R.A.S., V.I., A.G.H.), Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences (R.A.S., S.A.S., V.I., A.G.H.), and Gill Center for Biomolecular Science (A.G.H.), Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana; and Center for Drug Discovery, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (V.K.V., A.M.)
| | - Shahin A Saberi
- Program in Neuroscience (R.A.S., V.I., A.G.H.), Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences (R.A.S., S.A.S., V.I., A.G.H.), and Gill Center for Biomolecular Science (A.G.H.), Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana; and Center for Drug Discovery, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (V.K.V., A.M.)
| | - Vishakh Iyer
- Program in Neuroscience (R.A.S., V.I., A.G.H.), Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences (R.A.S., S.A.S., V.I., A.G.H.), and Gill Center for Biomolecular Science (A.G.H.), Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana; and Center for Drug Discovery, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (V.K.V., A.M.)
| | - V Kiran Vemuri
- Program in Neuroscience (R.A.S., V.I., A.G.H.), Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences (R.A.S., S.A.S., V.I., A.G.H.), and Gill Center for Biomolecular Science (A.G.H.), Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana; and Center for Drug Discovery, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (V.K.V., A.M.)
| | - Alexandros Makriyannis
- Program in Neuroscience (R.A.S., V.I., A.G.H.), Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences (R.A.S., S.A.S., V.I., A.G.H.), and Gill Center for Biomolecular Science (A.G.H.), Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana; and Center for Drug Discovery, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (V.K.V., A.M.)
| | - Andrea G Hohmann
- Program in Neuroscience (R.A.S., V.I., A.G.H.), Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences (R.A.S., S.A.S., V.I., A.G.H.), and Gill Center for Biomolecular Science (A.G.H.), Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana; and Center for Drug Discovery, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts (V.K.V., A.M.)
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Dato FM, Sheikh M, Uhl RZ, Schüller AW, Steinkrüger M, Koch P, Neudörfl JM, Gütschow M, Goldfuss B, Pietsch M. ω-Phthalimidoalkyl Aryl Ureas as Potent and Selective Inhibitors of Cholesterol Esterase. ChemMedChem 2018; 13:1833-1847. [PMID: 30004170 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol esterase (CEase), a serine hydrolase thought to be involved in atherogenesis and thus coronary heart disease, is considered as a target for inhibitor development. We investigated recombinant human and murine CEases with a new fluorometric assay in a structure-activity relationship study of a small library of ω-phthalimidoalkyl aryl ureas. The urea motif with an attached 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl group and the aromatic character of the ω-phthalimide residue were most important for inhibitory activity. In addition, an alkyl chain composed of three or four methylene groups, connecting the urea and phthalimide moieties, was found to be an optimal spacer for inhibitors. The so-optimized compounds 2 [1-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-3-(3-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)propyl)urea] and 21 [1-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)-3-(4-(1,3-dioxoisoindolin-2-yl)butyl)urea] exhibited dissociation constants (Ki ) of 1-19 μm on the two CEases and showed either a competitive (2 on the human enzyme and 21 on the murine enzyme) or a noncompetitive mode of inhibition. Two related serine hydrolases-monoacylglycerol lipase and fatty acid amide hydrolase-were inhibited by ω-phthalimidoalkyl aryl ureas to a lesser extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian M Dato
- Institute II of Pharmacology, Center of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Gleueler Strasse 24, 50931, Cologne, Germany.,Institute of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstrasse 4, 50939, Cologne, Germany
| | - Miriam Sheikh
- Institute II of Pharmacology, Center of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Gleueler Strasse 24, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Rocky Z Uhl
- Institute II of Pharmacology, Center of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Gleueler Strasse 24, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexandra W Schüller
- Institute II of Pharmacology, Center of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Gleueler Strasse 24, 50931, Cologne, Germany.,Institute of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstrasse 4, 50939, Cologne, Germany
| | - Michaela Steinkrüger
- Institute II of Pharmacology, Center of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Gleueler Strasse 24, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Peter Koch
- Institute II of Pharmacology, Center of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Gleueler Strasse 24, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jörg-Martin Neudörfl
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstrasse 4, 50939, Cologne, Germany
| | - Michael Gütschow
- Pharmaceutical Institute, Pharmaceutical Chemistry I, University of Bonn, An der Immenburg 4, 53121, Bonn, Germany
| | - Bernd Goldfuss
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Cologne, Greinstrasse 4, 50939, Cologne, Germany
| | - Markus Pietsch
- Institute II of Pharmacology, Center of Pharmacology, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, Gleueler Strasse 24, 50931, Cologne, Germany
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Zimmer B, Angioni C, Osthues T, Toewe A, Thomas D, Pierre SC, Geisslinger G, Scholich K, Sisignano M. The oxidized linoleic acid metabolite 12,13-DiHOME mediates thermal hyperalgesia during inflammatory pain. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2018; 1863:669-678. [PMID: 29625231 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2018.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Eicosanoids play a crucial role in inflammatory pain. However, there is very little knowledge about the contribution of oxidized linoleic acid metabolites in inflammatory pain and peripheral sensitization. Here, we identify 12,13-dihydroxy-9Z-octadecenoic acid (12,13-DiHOME), a cytochrome P450-derived linoleic acid metabolite, as crucial mediator of thermal hyperalgesia during inflammatory pain. We found 12,13-DiHOME in increased concentrations in peripheral nervous tissue during acute zymosan- and complete Freund's Adjuvant-induced inflammatory pain. 12,13-DiHOME causes calcium transients in sensory neurons and sensitizes the transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1)-mediated intracellular calcium increases via protein kinase C, subsequently leading to enhanced TRPV1-dependent CGRP-release from sensory neurons. Peripheral injection of 12,13-DiHOME in vivo causes TRPV1-dependent thermal pain hypersensitivity. Finally, application of the soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH)-inhibitor TPPU reduces 12,13-DiHOME concentrations in nervous tissue and reduces zymosan- and CFA-induced thermal hyperalgesia in vivo. In conclusion, we identify a novel role for the lipid mediator 12,13-DiHOME in mediating thermal hyperalgesia during inflammatory pain and propose a novel mechanism that may explain the antihyperalgesic effects of sEH inhibitors in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Béla Zimmer
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, University Hospital, Goethe-University, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Carlo Angioni
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, University Hospital, Goethe-University, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Tabea Osthues
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, University Hospital, Goethe-University, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology - Project Group Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (IME-TMP), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Andy Toewe
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, University Hospital, Goethe-University, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Dominique Thomas
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, University Hospital, Goethe-University, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sandra C Pierre
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, University Hospital, Goethe-University, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Gerd Geisslinger
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, University Hospital, Goethe-University, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology - Project Group Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (IME-TMP), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Klaus Scholich
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, University Hospital, Goethe-University, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology - Project Group Translational Medicine and Pharmacology (IME-TMP), Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Marco Sisignano
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmazentrum Frankfurt/ZAFES, University Hospital, Goethe-University, D-60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
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38
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Pecic S, Zeki AA, Xu X, Jin GY, Zhang S, Kodani S, Halim M, Morisseau C, Hammock BD, Deng SX. Novel piperidine-derived amide sEH inhibitors as mediators of lipid metabolism with improved stability. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2018; 136:90-95. [PMID: 29567338 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
We have previously identified and reported several potent piperidine-derived amide inhibitors of the human soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) enzyme. The inhibition of this enzyme leads to elevated levels of epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), which are known to possess anti-inflammatory, vasodilatory, and anti-fibrotic effects. Herein, we report the synthesis of 9 analogs of the lead sEH inhibitor and the follow-up structure-activity relationship and liver microsome stability studies. Our findings show that isosteric modifications that lead to significant alterations in the steric and electronic properties at a specific position in the molecule can reduce the efficacy by up to 75-fold. On the other hand, substituting hydrogen with deuterium produces a notable increase (∼30%) in the molecules' half-lives in both rat and human microsomes, while maintaining sEH inhibition potency. These data highlight the utility of isosteric replacement for improving bioavailability, and the newly-synthesized inhibitor structures may thus, serve as a starting point for preclinical development. Our docking study reveals that in the catalytic pocket of sEH, these analogs are in proximity of the key amino acids involved in hydrolysis of EETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stevan Pecic
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, 650 W 168th Street, BB1029, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Amir A Zeki
- University of California, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Xiaoming Xu
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, 650 W 168th Street, BB1029, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Gina Y Jin
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, 650 W 168th Street, BB1029, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Shuwei Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, 650 W 168th Street, BB1029, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Sean Kodani
- Department of Entomology and UCD Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Marlin Halim
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, East Bay, 25800 Carlos Bee Boulevard, Hayward, CA 94542, USA
| | - Christophe Morisseau
- Department of Entomology and UCD Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and UCD Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Shi-Xian Deng
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, 650 W 168th Street, BB1029, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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39
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Kodani SD, Bhakta S, Hwang SH, Pakhomova S, Newcomer ME, Morisseau C, Hammock BD. Identification and optimization of soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitors with dual potency towards fatty acid amide hydrolase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2018; 28:762-768. [PMID: 29366648 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 12/31/2017] [Accepted: 01/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Multi-target inhibitors have become increasing popular as a means to leverage the advantages of poly-pharmacology while simplifying drug delivery. Here, we describe dual inhibitors for soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) and fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), two targets known to synergize when treating inflammatory and neuropathic pain. The structure activity relationship (SAR) study described herein initially started with t-TUCB (trans-4-[4-(3-trifluoromethoxyphenyl-l-ureido)-cyclohexyloxy]-benzoic acid), a potent sEH inhibitor that was previously shown to weakly inhibit FAAH. Inhibitors with a 6-fold increase of FAAH potency while maintaining high sEH potency were developed by optimization. Interestingly, compared to most FAAH inhibitors that inhibit through time-dependent covalent modification, t-TUCB and related compounds appear to inhibit FAAH through a time-independent, competitive mechanism. These inhibitors are selective for FAAH over other serine hydrolases. In addition, FAAH inhibition by t-TUCB appears to be higher in human FAAH over other species; however, the new dual sEH/FAAH inhibitors have improved cross-species potency. These dual inhibitors may be useful for future studies in understanding the therapeutic application of dual sEH/FAAH inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean D Kodani
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Saavan Bhakta
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Sung Hee Hwang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Svetlana Pakhomova
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70809, United States
| | - Marcia E Newcomer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70809, United States
| | - Christophe Morisseau
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616, United States.
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40
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Donvito G, Nass SR, Wilkerson JL, Curry ZA, Schurman LD, Kinsey SG, Lichtman AH. The Endogenous Cannabinoid System: A Budding Source of Targets for Treating Inflammatory and Neuropathic Pain. Neuropsychopharmacology 2018; 43:52-79. [PMID: 28857069 PMCID: PMC5719110 DOI: 10.1038/npp.2017.204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A great need exists for the development of new medications to treat pain resulting from various disease states and types of injury. Given that the endogenous cannabinoid (that is, endocannabinoid) system modulates neuronal and immune cell function, both of which play key roles in pain, therapeutics targeting this system hold promise as novel analgesics. Potential therapeutic targets include the cannabinoid receptors, type 1 and 2, as well as biosynthetic and catabolic enzymes of the endocannabinoids N-arachidonoylethanolamine and 2-arachidonoylglycerol. Notably, cannabinoid receptor agonists as well as inhibitors of endocannabinoid-regulating enzymes fatty acid amide hydrolase and monoacylglycerol lipase produce reliable antinociceptive effects, and offer opioid-sparing antinociceptive effects in myriad preclinical inflammatory and neuropathic pain models. Emerging clinical studies show that 'medicinal' cannabis or cannabinoid-based medications relieve pain in human diseases such as cancer, multiple sclerosis, and fibromyalgia. However, clinical data have yet to demonstrate the analgesic efficacy of inhibitors of endocannabinoid-regulating enzymes. Likewise, the question of whether pharmacotherapies aimed at the endocannabinoid system promote opioid-sparing effects in the treatment of pain reflects an important area of research. Here we examine the preclinical and clinical evidence of various endocannabinoid system targets as potential therapeutic strategies for inflammatory and neuropathic pain conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Donvito
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Sara R Nass
- Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Jenny L Wilkerson
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Zachary A Curry
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Lesley D Schurman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Steven G Kinsey
- Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Aron H Lichtman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Virginia Campus, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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41
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Yan YY, Li CY, Zhou L, Ao LY, Fang WR, Li YM. Research progress of mechanisms and drug therapy for neuropathic pain. Life Sci 2017; 190:68-77. [PMID: 28964813 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2017.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2017] [Revised: 09/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is maladaptive pain caused by injury or dysfunction in peripheral and central nervous system, and remains a worldwide thorny problem leading to decreases in physical and mental quality of people's life. Currently, drug therapy is the main treatment regimen for resolving pain, while effective drugs are still unmet in medical need, and commonly used drugs such as anticonvulsants and antidepressants often make patients experience adverse drug reactions like dizziness, somnolence, severe headache, and high blood pressure. Thus, in this review we overview the anatomical physiology, underlying mechanisms of neuropathic pain to provide a better understanding in the initiation, development, maintenance, and modulation of this pervasive disease, and inspire research in the unclear mechanisms as well as potential targets. Furthermore, we summarized the existing drug therapies and new compounds that have shown antalgic effects in laboratory studies to be helpful for rational regimens in clinical treatment and promotion in novel drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Yi Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Cheng-Yuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Lin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Lu-Yao Ao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Wei-Rong Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| | - Yun-Man Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, School of Basic Medicine and Clinical Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
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42
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Woodhams SG, Chapman V, Finn DP, Hohmann AG, Neugebauer V. The cannabinoid system and pain. Neuropharmacology 2017; 124:105-120. [PMID: 28625720 PMCID: PMC5785108 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 176] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Chronic pain states are highly prevalent and yet poorly controlled by currently available analgesics, representing an enormous clinical, societal, and economic burden. Existing pain medications have significant limitations and adverse effects including tolerance, dependence, gastrointestinal dysfunction, cognitive impairment, and a narrow therapeutic window, making the search for novel analgesics ever more important. In this article, we review the role of an important endogenous pain control system, the endocannabinoid (EC) system, in the sensory, emotional, and cognitive aspects of pain. Herein, we briefly cover the discovery of the EC system and its role in pain processing pathways, before concentrating on three areas of current major interest in EC pain research; 1. Pharmacological enhancement of endocannabinoid activity (via blockade of EC metabolism or allosteric modulation of CB1receptors); 2. The EC System and stress-induced modulation of pain; and 3. The EC system & medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) dysfunction in pain states. Whilst we focus predominantly on the preclinical data, we also include extensive discussion of recent clinical failures of endocannabinoid-related therapies, the future potential of these approaches, and important directions for future research on the EC system and pain. This article is part of the Special Issue entitled "A New Dawn in Cannabinoid Neurobiology".
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen G Woodhams
- Arthritis UK Pain Centre, School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.
| | - Victoria Chapman
- Arthritis UK Pain Centre, School of Life Sciences, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - David P Finn
- Pharmacology & Therapeutics, School of Medicine, Galway Neuroscience Centre and Centre for Pain Research, NCBES, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway, Ireland
| | - Andrea G Hohmann
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA; Program in Neuroscience, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA; Interdisciplinary Biochemistry Graduate Program, Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA; Gill Center for Biomolecular Science, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Volker Neugebauer
- Department of Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Center of Excellence for Translational Neuroscience and Therapeutics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Lubbock, TX 79430, USA
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43
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Kodani SD, Overby HB, Morisseau C, Chen J, Zhao L, Hammock BD. Parabens inhibit fatty acid amide hydrolase: A potential role in paraben-enhanced 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation. Toxicol Lett 2016; 262:92-99. [PMID: 27659731 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Parabens are a class of small molecules that are regularly used as preservatives in a variety of personal care products. Several parabens, including butylparaben and benzylparaben, have been found to interfere with endocrine signaling and to stimulate adipocyte differentiation. We hypothesized these biological effects could be due to interference with the endocannabinoid system and identified fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) as the direct molecular target of parabens. FAAH inhibition by parabens yields mixed-type and time-independent kinetics. Additionally, structure activity relationships indicate FAAH inhibition is selective for the paraben class of compounds and the more hydrophobic parabens have higher potency. Parabens enhanced 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation in a dose dependent fashion, different from two other FAAH inhibitors URB597 and PF622. Moreover, parabens, URB597 and PF622 all failed to enhance AEA-induced differentiation. Furthermore, rimonabant, a cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1)-selective antagonist, did not attenuate paraben-induced adipocyte differentiation. Thus, adipogenesis mediated by parabens likely occurs through modulation of endocannabinoids, but cell differentiation is independent of direct activation of CB1 by endocannabinoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean D Kodani
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Haley B Overby
- Department of Nutrition, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Christophe Morisseau
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Jiangang Chen
- Department of Nutrition, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA; Department of Public Health, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Ling Zhao
- Department of Nutrition, The University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Wagner K, Lee KSS, Yang J, Hammock BD. Epoxy fatty acids mediate analgesia in murine diabetic neuropathy. Eur J Pain 2016; 21:456-465. [PMID: 27634339 DOI: 10.1002/ejp.939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuropathic pain is a debilitating condition with no adequate therapy. The health benefits of omega-3 fatty acids are established, however, the role of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in limiting pain has only recently been described and the mechanisms of this action remain unknown. DHA is metabolized into epoxydocosapentanoic acids (EDPs) via cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes which are substrates for the soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) enzyme. Here, we tested several hypotheses; first, that the antinociceptive action of DHA is mediated by the EDPs. Second, based on evidence that DHA and CYP450 metabolites elicit analgesia through opioid signalling, we investigated this as a possible mechanism of action. Third, we tested whether the analgesia mediated by epoxy fatty acids had similar rewarding effects as opioid analgesics. METHODS We tested diabetic neuropathic wild-type and sEH null mice in a conditioned place preference assay for their response to EDPs, sEHI and antagonism of these treatments with naloxone, a mu-opioid receptor antagonist. RESULTS The EDPs and sEH inhibitors were efficacious against chronic pain, and naloxone antagonized the action of both EDPs and sEH inhibitors. Despite this antagonism, the sEH inhibitors lacked reward side effects differing from opioids. CONCLUSIONS The EpFA are analgesic against chronic pain differing from opioids which have limited efficacy in chronic conditions. SIGNIFICANCE EDPs and sEHI mediate analgesia in modelled chronic pain and this analgesia is blocked by naloxone. However, unlike opioids, sEHI are highly effective in neuropathic pain models and importantly lack rewarding side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Wagner
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, USA
| | - K S S Lee
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, USA
| | - J Yang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, USA
| | - B D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis, USA
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Goswami SK, Inceoglu B, Yang J, Wan D, Kodani SD, da Silva CAT, Morisseau C, Hammock BD. Omeprazole increases the efficacy of a soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor in a PGE₂ induced pain model. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2015; 289:419-27. [PMID: 26522832 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2015.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs) are potent endogenous analgesic metabolites produced from arachidonic acid by cytochrome P450s (P450s). Metabolism of EETs by soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) reduces their activity, while their stabilization by sEH inhibition decreases both inflammatory and neuropathic pain. Here, we tested the complementary hypothesis that increasing the level of EETs through induction of P450s by omeprazole (OME), can influence pain related signaling by itself, and potentiate the anti-hyperalgesic effect of sEH inhibitor. Rats were treated with OME (100mg/kg/day, p.o., 7 days), sEH inhibitor TPPU (3mg/kg/day, p.o.) and OME (100mg/kg/day, p.o., 7 days)+TPPU (3mg/kg/day, p.o., last 3 days of OME dose) dissolved in vehicle PEG400, and their effect on hyperalgesia (increased sensitivity to pain) induced by PGE2 was monitored. While OME treatment by itself exhibited variable effects on PGE2 induced hyperalgesia, it strongly potentiated the effect of TPPU in the same assay. The significant decrease in pain with OME+TPPU treatment correlated with the increased levels of EETs in plasma and increased activities of P450 1A1 and P450 1A2 in liver microsomes. The results show that reducing catabolism of EETs with a sEH inhibitor yielded a stronger analgesic effect than increasing generation of EETs by OME, and combination of both yielded the strongest pain reducing effect under the condition of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumanta Kumar Goswami
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Bora Inceoglu
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Debin Wan
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Sean D Kodani
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Carlos Antonio Trindade da Silva
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; Department of Genetics and Biochemistry, Federal University of Uberlandia, MG, Brazil
| | - Christophe Morisseau
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA, USA.
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Ostermann AI, Herbers J, Willenberg I, Chen R, Hwang SH, Greite R, Morisseau C, Gueler F, Hammock BD, Schebb NH. Oral treatment of rodents with soluble epoxide hydrolase inhibitor 1-(1-propanoylpiperidin-4-yl)-3-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]urea (TPPU): Resulting drug levels and modulation of oxylipin pattern. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2015; 121:131-7. [PMID: 26117215 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2015.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Epoxides from polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are potent lipid mediators. In vivo stabilization of these epoxides by blockade of the soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH) leads to anti-inflammatory, analgesic and normotensive effects. Therefore, sEH inhibitors (sEHi) are a promising new class of drugs. Herein, we characterized pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic properties of a commercially available potent sEHi 1-(1-propanoylpiperidin-4-yl)-3-[4-(trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]urea (TPPU). Cell culture studies suggest its high absorption and metabolic stability. Following administration in drinking water to rats (0.2, 1, and 5mg TPPU/L with 0.2% PEG400), TPPU's blood concentration increased dose dependently within the treatment period to reach an almost steady state after 8 days. TPPU was found in all the tissues tested. The linoleic epoxide/diol ratios in most tissues were dose dependently increased, indicating significant sEH inhibition. Overall, administration of TPPU with the drinking water led to systemic distribution as well as high drug levels and thus makes chronic sEH inhibition studies possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika I Ostermann
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Institute for Food Toxicology and Analytical Chemistry, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Jan Herbers
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Institute for Food Toxicology and Analytical Chemistry, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Ina Willenberg
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Institute for Food Toxicology and Analytical Chemistry, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Rongjun Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sung Hee Hwang
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Robert Greite
- Department of Nephrology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christophe Morisseau
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Faikah Gueler
- Department of Nephrology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Bruce D Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Nils Helge Schebb
- University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Institute for Food Toxicology and Analytical Chemistry, Bischofsholer Damm 15, 30173 Hannover, Germany; University of Wuppertal, Institute of Food Chemistry, Wuppertal, Germany.
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