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Khatun MM, Bhuia MS, Chowdhury R, Sheikh S, Ajmee A, Mollah F, Al Hasan MS, Coutinho HDM, Islam MT. Potential utilization of ferulic acid and its derivatives in the management of metabolic diseases and disorders: An insight into mechanisms. Cell Signal 2024; 121:111291. [PMID: 38986730 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic diseases are abnormal conditions that impair the normal metabolic process, which involves converting food into energy at a cellular level, and cause difficulties like obesity and diabetes. The study aimed to investigate how ferulic acid (FA) and its derivatives could prevent different metabolic diseases and disorders and to understand the specific molecular mechanisms responsible for their therapeutic effects. Information regarding FA associations with metabolic diseases and disorders was compiled from different scientific search engines, including Science Direct, Wiley Online, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Springer Link, and Google Scholar. This review revealed that FA exerts protective effects against metabolic diseases such as diabetes, diabetic retinopathy, neuropathy, nephropathy, cardiomyopathy, obesity, and diabetic hypertension, with beneficial effects on pancreatic cancer. Findings also indicated that FA improves insulin secretion by increasing Ca2+ influx through the L-type Ca2+ channel, thus aiding in diabetes management. Furthermore, FA regulates the activity of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-18, and IL-1β) and antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD, and GSH-Px) and reduces oxidative stress and inflammation, which are common features of metabolic diseases. FA also affects various signaling pathways, including the MAPK/NF-κB pathways, which play an important role in the progression of diabetic neuropathy and other metabolic disorders. Additionally, FA regulates apoptosis markers (Bcl-2, Bax, and caspase-3) and exerts its protective effects on cellular destruction. In conclusion, FA and its derivatives may act as potential medications for the management of metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mst Muslima Khatun
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh; Phytochemistry and Biodiversity Research Laboratory, BioLuster Research Center, Gopalganj 8100, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shimul Bhuia
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh; Phytochemistry and Biodiversity Research Laboratory, BioLuster Research Center, Gopalganj 8100, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Raihan Chowdhury
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh; Phytochemistry and Biodiversity Research Laboratory, BioLuster Research Center, Gopalganj 8100, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Salehin Sheikh
- Phytochemistry and Biodiversity Research Laboratory, BioLuster Research Center, Gopalganj 8100, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Afiya Ajmee
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Faysal Mollah
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Md Sakib Al Hasan
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh
| | - Henrique D M Coutinho
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri, Crato, CE 63105-000, Brazil.
| | - Muhammad Torequl Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Science and Technology University, Gopalganj 8100, Bangladesh; Phytochemistry and Biodiversity Research Laboratory, BioLuster Research Center, Gopalganj 8100, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Pharmacy Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna 9208, Bangladesh.
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Bai J, Zhang X, Meng W, Xu H, Liu Y, Zhong Y, Lin X, Wang J, Fan D, Lv G, Gu Y. Dioscin decreases M2 polarization via inhibiting a positive feedback loop between RBM47 and NF-κB in glioma. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 128:155417. [PMID: 38518642 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2024.155417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 01/24/2024] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of the glioblastoma (GBM) microenvironment is pivotal in the development of gliomas. Discovering drugs that can traverse the blood-brain barrier and modulate the tumor microenvironment is crucial for the treatment of GBM. Dioscin, a steroidal saponin derived from various kinds of plants and herbs known to penetrate the blood-brain barrier, has shown its powerful anti-tumor activity. However, little is known about its effects on GBM microenvironment. METHODS Bioinformatics analysis was conducted to assess the link between GBM patients and their prognosis. Multiple techniques, including RNA sequencing, immunofluorescence staining, Western blot analysis, RNA-immunoprecipitation (RIP) assays, and Chromatin immunoprecipitation (CHIP) analysis were employed to elucidate the mechanism through which Dioscin modulates the immune microenvironment. RESULTS Dioscin significantly impaired the polarization of macrophages into the M2 phenotype and enhanced the phagocytic ability of macrophages in vitro and in vivo. A strong correlation between high expression of RBM47 in GBM and a detrimental prognosis for patients was demonstrated. RNA-sequencing analysis revealed an association between RBM47 and the immune response. The inhibition of RBM47 significantly impaired the recruitment and polarization of macrophages into the M2 phenotype and enhanced the phagocytic ability of macrophages. Moreover, RBM47 could stabilize the mRNA of inflammatory genes and enhance the expression of these genes by activating the NF-κB pathway. In addition, NF-κB acts as a transcription factor that enhances the transcriptional activity of RBM47. Notably, we found that Dioscin could significantly inhibit the activation of NF-κB and then downregulate the expression of RBM47 and inflammatory genes protein. CONCLUSION Our study reveals that the positive feedback loop between RBM47 and NF-κB could promote immunosuppressive microenvironment in GBM. Dioscin effectively inhibits M2 polarization in GBM by disrupting the positive feedback loop between RBM47 and NF-κB, indicating its potential therapeutic effects in GBM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialing Bai
- Department of Pharmacology, Life Science and Biopharmaceutical Institution, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Xinxiang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Life Science and Biopharmaceutical Institution, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Wanyao Meng
- Department of Pharmacology, Life Science and Biopharmaceutical Institution, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Life Science and Biopharmaceutical Institution, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Yating Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Life Science and Biopharmaceutical Institution, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Yichen Zhong
- Department of Pharmacology, Life Science and Biopharmaceutical Institution, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Xiangdan Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Jiahong Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Life Science and Biopharmaceutical Institution, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Di Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, PR China
| | - Gang Lv
- Department of Sports Medicine and Joint Surgery. The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shen yang, 110001, Liaoning Province, PR China
| | - Yanting Gu
- Department of Pharmacology, Life Science and Biopharmaceutical Institution, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, 110016, Liaoning Province, PR China.
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Ma L, Li J, Zhang X, Zhang W, Jiang C, Yang B, Yang H. Chinese botanical drugs targeting mitophagy to alleviate diabetic kidney disease, a comprehensive review. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1360179. [PMID: 38803440 PMCID: PMC11128677 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1360179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is one of the chronic microvascular complications caused by diabetes, which is characterized by persistent albuminuria and/or progressive decline of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and has been the major cause of dialysis around the world. At present, although the treatments for DKD including lifestyle modification, glycemic control and even using of Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors can relieve kidney damage caused to a certain extent, there is still a lack of effective treatment schemes that can prevent DKD progressing to ESRD. It is urgent to find new complementary and effective therapeutic agents. Growing animal researches have shown that mitophagy makes a great difference to the pathogenesis of DKD, therefore, exploration of new drugs that target the restoration of mitophagy maybe a potential perspective treatment for DKD. The use of Chinese botanical drugs (CBD) has been identified to be an effective treatment option for DKD. There is growing concern on the molecular mechanism of CBD for treatment of DKD by regulating mitophagy. In this review, we highlight the current findings regarding the function of mitophagy in the pathological damages and progression of DKD and summarize the contributions of CBD that ameliorate renal injuries in DKD by interfering with mitophagy, which will help us further explain the mechanism of CBD in treatment for DKD and explore potential therapeutic strategies for DKD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Hongtao Yang
- Department of Nephrology, First Teaching Hospital of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Tianjin, China
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Chen B, Dong X, Zhang JL, Sun X, Zhou L, Zhao K, Deng H, Sun Z. Natural compounds target programmed cell death (PCD) signaling mechanism to treat ulcerative colitis: a review. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1333657. [PMID: 38405669 PMCID: PMC10885814 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1333657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a nonspecific inflammatory bowel disease characterized by abdominal pain, bloody diarrhea, weight loss, and colon shortening. However, UC is difficult to cure due to its high drug resistance rate and easy recurrence. Moreover, long-term inflammation and increased disease severity can lead to the development of colon cancer in some patients. Programmed cell death (PCD) is a gene-regulated cell death process that includes apoptosis, autophagy, necroptosis, ferroptosis, and pyroptosis. PCD plays a crucial role in maintaining body homeostasis and the development of organs and tissues. Abnormal PCD signaling is observed in the pathological process of UC, such as activating the apoptosis signaling pathway to promote the progression of UC. Targeting PCD may be a therapeutic strategy, and natural compounds have shown great potential in modulating key targets of PCD to treat UC. For instance, baicalin can regulate cell apoptosis to alleviate inflammatory infiltration and pathological damage. This review focuses on the specific expression of PCD and its interaction with multiple signaling pathways, such as NF-κB, Nrf2, MAPK, JAK/STAT, PI3K/AKT, NLRP3, GPX4, Bcl-2, etc., to elucidate the role of natural compounds in targeting PCD for the treatment of UC. This review used (ulcerative colitis) (programmed cell death) and (natural products) as keywords to search the related studies in PubMed and the Web of Science, and CNKI database of the past 10 years. This work retrieved 72 studies (65 from the past 5 years and 7 from the past 10 years), which aims to provide new treatment strategies for UC patients and serves as a foundation for the development of new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Chen
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xinqian Dong
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Jin Long Zhang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xitong Sun
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Kangning Zhao
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Hualiang Deng
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Zhen Sun
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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Lin QR, Jia LQ, Lei M, Gao D, Zhang N, Sha L, Liu XH, Liu YD. Natural products as pharmacological modulators of mitochondrial dysfunctions for the treatment of diabetes and its complications: An update since 2010. Pharmacol Res 2024; 200:107054. [PMID: 38181858 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2023.107054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes, characterized as a well-known chronic metabolic syndrome, with its associated complications pose a substantial and escalating health and healthcare challenge on a global scale. Current strategies addressing diabetes are mainly symptomatic and there are fewer available curative pharmaceuticals for diabetic complications. Thus, there is an urgent need to identify novel pharmacological targets and agents. The impaired mitochondria have been associated with the etiology of diabetes and its complications, and the intervention of mitochondrial dysfunction represents an attractive breakthrough point for the treatments of diabetes and its complications. Natural products (NPs), with multicenter characteristics, multi-pharmacological activities and lower toxicity, have been caught attentions as the modulators of mitochondrial functions in the therapeutical filed of diabetes and its complications. This review mainly summarizes the recent progresses on the potential of 39 NPs and 2 plant-extracted mixtures to improve mitochondrial dysfunction against diabetes and its complications. It is expected that this work may be useful to accelerate the development of innovative drugs originated from NPs and improve upcoming therapeutics in diabetes and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian-Ru Lin
- Department of Neuroendocrine Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Lian-Qun Jia
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for TCM Viscera-State Theory and Applications, Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang, Liaoning 116600, China
| | - Ming Lei
- Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education & Medical Electrophysiological Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Institute of Cardiovascular Research, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou 646000, China
| | - Di Gao
- Department of Neuroendocrine Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Department of Neuroendocrine Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Lei Sha
- Department of Neuroendocrine Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China
| | - Xu-Han Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, Dalian Municipal Central Hospital, Dalian, Liaoning 116033, China.
| | - Yu-Dan Liu
- Department of Neuroendocrine Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110122, China.
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Wu W, Peng Y, Xu M, Yan T, Zhang D, Chen Y, Mei K, Chen Q, Wang X, Qiao Z, Wang C, Wu S, Zhang Q. Deep-Learning-Based Nanomechanical Vibration for Rapid and Label-Free Assay of Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition. ACS NANO 2024; 18:3480-3496. [PMID: 38169507 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c10811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Cancer is a profound danger to our life and health. The classification and related studies of epithelial and mesenchymal phenotypes of cancer cells are key scientific questions in cancer research. Here, we investigated cancer cell colonies from a mechanical perspective and developed an assay for classifying epithelial/mesenchymal cancer cell colonies using the biomechanical fingerprint in the form of "nanovibration" in combination with deep learning. The classification method requires only 1 s of vibration data and has a classification accuracy of nearly 92.5%. The method has also been validated for the screening of anticancer drugs. Compared with traditional methods, the method has the advantages of being nondestructive, label-free, and highly sensitive. Furthermore, we proposed a perspective that subcellular structure influences the amplitude and spectrum of nanovibrations and demonstrated it using experiments and numerical simulation. These findings allow internal changes in the cell colony to be manifested by nanovibrations. This work provides a perspective and an ancillary method for cancer cell phenotype diagnosis and promotes the study of biomechanical mechanisms of cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Material, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, People's Republic of China
| | - Yongpei Peng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Material, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengjun Xu
- Department of Electronic Engineering and Information Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, People's Republic of China
| | - Tianhao Yan
- Department of Cell Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, People's Republic of China
| | - Duo Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Material, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Material, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, People's Republic of China
| | - Kainan Mei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Material, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiubo Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Material, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiapeng Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Material, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, People's Republic of China
| | - Zihan Qiao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Material, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Material, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, People's Republic of China
| | - Shangquan Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Material, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingchuan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Material, Department of Modern Mechanics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, People's Republic of China
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Xiang X, Xin X, Hou Y, Deng Y, Liu X, Yu W. Diosgenin alters LPS-induced macrophage polarization by activating PPARγ/NF-κB signaling pathway. Int Immunopharmacol 2024; 126:111270. [PMID: 38029551 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.111270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Diosgenin (DG) is a steroidal saponin derived from plants, and it exhibits anti-inflammatory properties. In this study, we employed an in vitro model of P.g.-LPS-stimulated mouse macrophage cell line RAW264.7 to investigate the anti-inflammatory effects and mechanism of DG under the condition of altered polarization of macrophages. The RAW264.7 cells were subjected to pre-treatment with DG with or without P.g.-LPS. In cultured macrophages, DG inhibited P.g.-LPS-induced pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages, and increased anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages. Notably, DG reduced the expression of phosphorylation levels of NF-κB p65 and IκB while increasing the expression of PPARγ. Further studies revealed that PPARγ inhibitor GW9662 or PPARγ siRNA reversed the inhibitory effect of DG on M1 phenotype. Collectively, the anti-inflammatory mechanism of DG is related to altering macrophage polarization by activating PPARγ and inhibiting NF-κB signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingchen Xiang
- Department of Periodontology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xirui Xin
- Department of Periodontology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yubo Hou
- Department of Periodontology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yu Deng
- Department of Periodontology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xinchan Liu
- Department of Oral Implantology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
| | - Weixian Yu
- Department of Periodontology, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China; Department of Oral Geriatrics, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China; Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Tooth Development and Bone Remodeling, Hospital of Stomatology, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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Gao H, Wang Z, Zhu D, Zhao L, Xiao W. Dioscin: Therapeutic potential for diabetes and complications. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 170:116051. [PMID: 38154275 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.116051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a widespread metabolic disorder with increasing incidence worldwide, posing a considerable threat to human health because of its complications. Therefore, cost-effective antidiabetic drugs with minimal side effects are urgently needed. Dioscin, a naturally occurring compound, helps to reduce the complications of diabetes mellitus by regulating glucose and lipid metabolism, protecting islet β cells, improving insulin resistance, and inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammatory response. Plant-derived dioscin reduces the risk of toxicity and side effects associated with chemically synthesized drugs. It is a promising option for treating diabetes mellitus because of its preventive and therapeutic effects, which may be attributed to a variety of underlying mechanisms. However, data compiled by current studies are preliminary. Information about the molecular mechanism of dioscin remains limited, and no high-quality human experiments and clinical trials for testing its safety and efficacy have been conducted. As a resource for research in this area, this review is expected to provide a systematic framework for the application of dioscin in the treatment of diabetes mellitus and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyang Gao
- Shanghai Key Lab of Human Performance (Shanghai University of sport), Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; The Key Lab of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Ze Wang
- Shanghai Key Lab of Human Performance (Shanghai University of sport), Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; The Key Lab of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Danlin Zhu
- Shanghai Key Lab of Human Performance (Shanghai University of sport), Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; The Key Lab of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Linlin Zhao
- Shanghai Key Lab of Human Performance (Shanghai University of sport), Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; The Key Lab of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; School of Physical Education, Shanghai Normal University, Shanghai 200234, China.
| | - Weihua Xiao
- Shanghai Key Lab of Human Performance (Shanghai University of sport), Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China; The Key Lab of Exercise and Health Sciences of Ministry of Education, Shanghai University of Sport, Shanghai 200438, China.
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Yu T, Liu X, Jiang M, Li Y, Su H, Niu B. Cucumber seed polypeptides regulate RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis through OPG/RANKL/RANK and NF-κB. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2024; 60:54-66. [PMID: 38123756 PMCID: PMC10858069 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-023-00834-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) is a common disease that endangers the health of elderly women. Cucumber seeds have shown excellent therapeutic effects on PMOP, but the mechanism of cucumber seed peptide (CSP) remains unclear. The expression levels of NF-κB and osteoclast-related genes were detected by RT-qPCR. The levels of apoptosis-related proteins were detected by Western blotting. Nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 and osteoclast formation were detected by immunofluorescence and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining, respectively. ELISA was used to detect the expression levels of OPG, M-CSF, and RANKL. Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) and TRAP staining were used to observe the effects of CSP on bone formation. In RAW264.7 cells, CSP (0.4 mg/L, 4 mg/L, and 40 mg/L) effectively inhibited the expression of osteoclast-related genes (Cathepsin-K, MT1-MMP, MMP-9, and TRAP). TRAP-positive multinucleated giant cells gradually decreased. Furthermore, NF-κB pathway activation downstream of RANK was inhibited. In bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs), the expression levels of M-CSF and RANKL gradually decreased, and OPG gradually increased with increasing CSP concentrations. Treatment of RAW264.7 cells with pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC, an inhibitor of NF-κB) prevented the formation of osteoclasts. Treatment with different concentrations of CSP effectively decreased the levels of RANKL and M-CSF in rat serum and increased the expression of OPG in the oophorectomy (OVX) rat model. Furthermore, different concentrations of CSP could ameliorate the loss of bone structure and inhibit the formation of osteoclasts in rats. CSP inhibits osteoclastogenesis by regulating the OPG/RANKL/RANK pathway and inhibiting the NF-kB pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yu
- Department of Gynecology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiao Liu
- Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Meng Jiang
- Yunnan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Yuanyue Li
- Department of Gynecology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650032, Yunnan, China
| | - Heng Su
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, No. 157 Jinbi Road, KunmingYunnan, 650032, China
| | - Ben Niu
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, The Affiliated Hospital of Kunming University of Science and Technology, No. 157 Jinbi Road, KunmingYunnan, 650032, China.
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Wu C, Zhang R, Wang J, Chen Y, Zhu W, Yi X, Wang Y, Wang L, Liu P, Li P. Dioscorea nipponica Makino: A comprehensive review of its chemical composition and pharmacology on chronic kidney disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 167:115508. [PMID: 37716118 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a widespread ailment that significantly impacts global health. It is characterized by high prevalence, poor prognosis, and substantial healthcare costs, making it a major public health concern. The current clinical treatments for CKD are not entirely satisfactory, leading to a high demand for alternative therapeutic options. Chinese herbal medicine, with its long history, diverse varieties, and proven efficacy, offers a promising avenue for exploration. One such Chinese herbal medicine, Dioscorea nipponica Makino (DNM), is frequently used to treat kidney diseases. In this review, we have compiled studies examining the mechanisms of action of DNM in the context of CKD, focusing on five primary areas: improvement of oxidative stress, inhibition of renal fibrosis, regulation of metabolism, reduction of inflammatory response, and regulation of autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenguang Wu
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Jingjing Wang
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Wenhui Zhu
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Xiang Yi
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Harbin, China
| | - Yan Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Lifan Wang
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Heilongjiang Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Harbin, China.
| | - Peng Liu
- Shunyi Hospital, Beijing Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China.
| | - Ping Li
- Beijing Key Lab for Immune-Mediated Inflammatory Diseases, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China.
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Xue JC, Yuan S, Hou XT, Meng H, Liu BH, Cheng WW, Zhao M, Li HB, Guo XF, Di C, Li MJ, Zhang QG. Natural products modulate NLRP3 in ulcerative colitis. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1265825. [PMID: 37849728 PMCID: PMC10577194 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1265825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a clinically common, progressive, devastating, chronic inflammatory disease of the intestine that is recurrent and difficult to treat. Nod-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) is a protein complex composed of multiple proteins whose formation activates cysteine aspartate protease-1 (caspase-1) to induce the maturation and secretion of inflammatory mediators such as interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18, promoting the development of inflammatory responses. Recent studies have shown that NLRP3 is associated with UC susceptibility, and that it maintains a stable intestinal environment by responding to a wide range of pathogenic microorganisms. The mainstay of treatment for UC is to control inflammation and relieve symptoms. Despite a certain curative effect, there are problems such as easy recurrence after drug withdrawal and many side effects associated with long-term medication. NLRP3 serves as a core link in the inflammatory response. If the relationship between NLRP3 and gut microbes and inflammation-associated factors can be analyzed concerning its related inflammatory signaling pathways, its expression status as well as specific mechanism in the course of IBD can be elucidated and further considered for clinical diagnosis and treatment of IBD, it is expected that the development of lead compounds targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome can be developed for the treatment of IBD. Research into the prevention and treatment of UC, which has become a hotbed of research in recent years, has shown that natural products are rich in therapeutic means, and multi-targets, with fewer adverse effects. Natural products have shown promise in treating UC in numerous basic and clinical trials over the past few years. This paper describes the regulatory role of the NLRP3 inflammasome in UC and the mechanism of recent natural products targeting NLRP3 against UC, which provides a reference for the clinical treatment of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Chen Xue
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, Yanbian University College of Basic Medicine, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Shuo Yuan
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines of the Changbai Mountain, Ministry of Education, College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Yanji, Jilin, China
| | - Xiao-Ting Hou
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Huan Meng
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Bao-Hong Liu
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Wen-Wen Cheng
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Ming Zhao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Hong-Ben Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Xue-Fen Guo
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Chang Di
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Min-Jie Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
| | - Qing-Gao Zhang
- Chronic Disease Research Center, Medical College, Dalian University, Dalian, Liaoning, China
- Department of Immunology and Pathogenic Biology, Yanbian University College of Basic Medicine, Yanji, Jilin, China
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Zhang C, Zhang Q, Qin L, Yan Z, Wu L, Liu T. Dioscin Ameliorates Experimental Autoimmune Thyroiditis via the mTOR and TLR4/NF-κB Signaling. Drug Des Devel Ther 2023; 17:2273-2285. [PMID: 37551407 PMCID: PMC10404412 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s410901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autoimmune thyroiditis (AIT) is a common autoimmune disease that causes thyroid dysfunction. Clinical symptoms in Hashimoto thyroiditis patients were improved after oral administration of dioscin. However, the mechanisms involved in the therapeutic effect remain unclear. METHODS The protective effects and potential mechanisms of dioscin for autoimmune thyroiditis were explored in a rat model of thyroglobulin-induced autoimmune thyroiditis. Firstly, the rat model of AIT was obtained by subcutaneous injection of thyroglobulin and drinking the sodium iodide solution, followed by gavage administration for 8 weeks. Rats were sacrificed after anaesthesia, serum and thyroid samples were preserved. Serum triiodothyronine (T3), thyroxine (T4), free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4), thyrotropin (TSH), thyroglobulin antibody (TgAb), thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb), and thyrotropin receptor antibody (TRAb) expressions were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Morphological changes were observed by H&E staining. Next, we used transcriptomics techniques to find the potential therapeutic target of dioscin. Finally, we validated the transcriptomic results by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC-P), respectively. RESULTS Animal experiments showed that dioscin regulated T3, T4, FT3, TSH, TgAb, TPOAb, and TRAb and alleviated the pathological process in a dose-dependent manner, with the high-dose group showing optimal efficacy. In the transcriptome, the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) pathway was identified by KEGG enrichment analysis and validated by RT-PCR and IHC-P. The relative expression of NF-κB, mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), and toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) mRNA and protein were decreased in the dioscin-treated group compared to the AIT model group. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that dioscin treatment improved thyroid function and downregulated TGAb, TPOAb and TRAb levels in rat models of AIT, which may alleviate the pathological process and suppress the inflammatory response by inhibiting mTOR and TLR4/NF-κB pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengfei Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Dongfang Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiue Zhang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lingling Qin
- Technology Department, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhiyi Yan
- Key Laboratory of Health Cultivation of the Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lili Wu
- Technology Department, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Health Cultivation of the Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
| | - Tonghua Liu
- Key Laboratory of Health Cultivation of the Ministry of Education, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, People’s Republic of China
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Wang Z, Zhao S, Tao S, Hou G, Zhao F, Tan S, Meng Q. Dioscorea spp.: Bioactive Compounds and Potential for the Treatment of Inflammatory and Metabolic Diseases. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28062878. [PMID: 36985850 PMCID: PMC10051580 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28062878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Dioscorea spp. belongs to the Dioscoreaceae family, known as "yams", and contains approximately 600 species with a wide distribution. It is a major food source for millions of people in tropical and subtropical regions. Dioscorea has great medicinal and therapeutic capabilities and is a potential source of bioactive substances for the prevention and treatment of many diseases. In recent years, increasing attention has been paid to the phytochemicals of Dioscorea, such as steroidal saponins, polyphenols, allantoin, and, in particular, polysaccharides and diosgenin. These bioactive compounds possess anti-inflammatory activity and are protective against a variety of inflammatory diseases, such as enteritis, arthritis, dermatitis, acute pancreatitis, and neuroinflammation. In addition, they play an important role in the prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases, including obesity, dyslipidemia, diabetes, and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Their mechanisms of action are related to the modulation of a number of key signaling pathways and molecular targets. This review mainly summarizes recent studies on the bioactive compounds of Dioscorea and its treatment of inflammatory and metabolic diseases, and highlights the underlying molecular mechanisms. In conclusion, Dioscorea is a promising source of bioactive components and has the potential to develop novel natural bioactive compounds for the prevention and treatment of inflammatory and metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Shengnan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Siyu Tao
- Physiology Group, Department of Basic and Applied Medical Sciences, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Guige Hou
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Fenglan Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Shenpeng Tan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
| | - Qingguo Meng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, School of Pharmacy, Yantai University, Yantai 264005, China
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14
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Ondevilla JC, Hanashima S, Mukogawa A, Miyazato DG, Umegawa Y, Murata M. Effect of the number of sugar units on the interaction between diosgenyl saponin and membrane lipids. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2023; 1865:184145. [PMID: 36914020 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2023.184145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
Saponin is the main bioactive component of the Dioscorea species, which are traditionally used for treating chronic diseases. An understanding of the interaction process of bioactive saponins with biomembranes provides insights into their development as therapeutic agents. The biological effects of saponins have been thought to be associated with membrane cholesterol (Chol). To shed light on the exact mechanisms of their interactions, we investigated the effects of diosgenyl saponins trillin (TRL) and dioscin (DSN) on the dynamic behavior of lipids and membrane properties in palmitoyloleolylphosphatidylcholine (POPC) bilayers using solid-state NMR and fluorescence spectroscopy. The membrane effects of diosgenin, a sapogenin of TRL and DSN, are similar to those of Chol, suggesting that diosgenin plays a major role in membrane binding and POPC chain ordering. The amphiphilicity of TRL and DSN enabled them to interact with POPC bilayers, regardless of Chol. In the presence of Chol, the sugar residues more prominently influenced the membrane-disrupting effects of saponins. The activity of DSN, which bears three sugar units, led to perturbation and further disruption of the membrane in the presence of Chol. However, TRL, which bears one sugar residue, increased the ordering of POPC chains while maintaining the integrity of the bilayer. This effect on the phospholipid bilayers is similar to that of cholesteryl glucoside. The influence of the number of sugars in saponin is discussed in more detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan Candice Ondevilla
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan; Department of Chemistry, De La Salle University, 2401 Taft Avenue, Manila 0922, Philippines
| | - Shinya Hanashima
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan; Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-cho Minami, Tottori 680-8552, Japan.
| | - Akane Mukogawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Darcy Garza Miyazato
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Yuichi Umegawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan; Forefront Research Centre for Fundamental Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Michio Murata
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan; Forefront Research Centre for Fundamental Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan.
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15
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Li XL, Zhang XX, Ma RH, Ni ZJ, Thakur K, Cespedes-Acuña CL, Zhang JG, Wei ZJ. Integrated miRNA and mRNA omics reveal dioscin suppresses migration and invasion via MEK/ERK and JNK signaling pathways in human endometrial carcinoma in vivo and in vitro. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 303:116027. [PMID: 36503030 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.116027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Polygonatum sibiricum Redouté (PS, also called Huangjing in traditional Chinese medicine), is a perennial herb as homology of medicine and food. According to the traditional Chinese medicine theory "Special Records of Famous Doctors", its functions include invigorating qi and nourishing yin, tonifying spleen and kidney. Traditionally, qi and blood therapy has been believed as most applicable to the treatment of uterine disease. The current research has focused on the effect and mechanism of dioscin, the main active component of PS, on Endometrial carcinoma (EC). AIM OF THE STUDY To study the efficacy of dioscin on proliferation and migration of Endometrial carcinoma cell line, we conducted experiments by using xenograft model and Ishikawa cells, and explored the potential molecular mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS mRNA and miRNA omics techniques were employed to investigate the regulatory mechanism of dioscin on EC Ishikawa cells. Based on in vivo and in vitro experiments, cell clone formation, cell scratching, Transwell, H&E staining, immunohistochemistry, q-PCR, and Western blot techniques were used to determine the molecular effects and mechanisms of dioscin on cell migration. RESULTS Integrated miRNA and mRNA omics data showed that 513 significantly different genes marked enrichment in MAPK signaling pathway. The in vivo data showed that dioscin (24 mg/kg) significantly inhibited tumor growth. The in vitro proliferation and invasiveness of dioscin on Ishikawa cells showed that dioscin could significantly decrease the colony numbers, and suppress the Ishikawa cell wound healing, migration and invasion. Molecular data revealed that dioscin decreased the MMP2 and MMP9 expression in vitro and in vivo. The p-MEK, p-ERK, and p-JNK expression levels were also confirmed to be significantly reduced. Key regulators in the MAPK signaling pathway were further validated in xenograft tumors. CONCLUSION Our data indicated that dioscin inhibited Ishikawa cell migration and invasion mediated through MEK/ERK and JNK signaling. More importantly, screened hub miRNAs and genes can be regarded as potential molecular targets for future EC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Li Li
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiu-Xiu Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, People's Republic of China.
| | - Run-Hui Ma
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, People's Republic of China; School of Biological Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, 750021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhi-Jing Ni
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, People's Republic of China; School of Biological Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, 750021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Kiran Thakur
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, People's Republic of China; School of Biological Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, 750021, People's Republic of China.
| | | | - Jian-Guo Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, People's Republic of China; School of Biological Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, 750021, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhao-Jun Wei
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei, 230009, People's Republic of China; School of Biological Science and Engineering, Collaborative Innovation Center for Food Production and Safety, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, 750021, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Dioscin ameliorates silica-aggravated systemic lupus erythematosus via suppressing apoptosis and improving LC3-associated phagocytosis in MRL/lpr mice. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 116:109814. [PMID: 36773568 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Inhalation of silica not only directly leads to silicosis locally, but also results in various types of autoimmune diseases systemically, most commonly systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Little is known about the etiopathogenesis of silica-aggravated SLE to date, however, abnormal apoptosis and impaired apoptotic clearance have been reported to be closely related to the occurrence of SLE. LC3-associated phagocytosis (LAP) is a non-canonical form of autophagy, which plays a crucial role in mediating the clearance of apoptotic cells. Here we showed that the excessive accumulation of apoptotic debris in MRL/lpr mice exposed to silica might be due to the increased cell apoptosis and defective LAP caused by silica, thus accelerating the occurrence and progression of silica-aggravated SLE. Dioscin is an active ingredient in the family of Dioscoreaceae and is reported to possess multiple pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic and autophagy-promoting properties. However, its role in SLE aggravated by silica exposure has not been investigated. In our study, we confirmed that dioscin decreased the accumulation of apoptotic debris by suppressing the excessive cell apoptosis and improving the LAP of immune cells in lung and spleen, leading to subsequent dramatically ameliorated lupus-like symptoms in silica-exposed MRL/lpr mice.
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17
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Dioscin modulates macrophages polarization and MDSCs differentiation to inhibit tumorigenesis of colitis-associated colorectal cancer. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 117:109839. [PMID: 36809720 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.109839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
It has been reported that colitis is one of risk factors in colorectal cancer (CRC). Intervention of intestinal inflammation and in the early stage of tumorigenesis is of great significance to control the incidence and mortality of CRC. In recent years, natural active products of traditional Chinese medicine have been confirmed that they had made great progress in disease prevention. Here, we showed that Dioscin, a natural active product of Dioscorea nipponica Makino, inhibited initiation and tumorigenesis of AOM/DSS-induced colitis-associated colon cancer (CAC), including alleviating colonic inflammation, improving intestinal barrier function and decreasing tumor burden. In addition, we also explored the immunoregulatory effect of Dioscin on mice. The results showed that Dioscin modulated M1/M2 macrophages phenotype in spleen and decreased monocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (M-MDSCs) population in blood and spleen of mice. The in vitro assay demonstrated that Dioscin promoted M1 as well as inhibited M2 macrophages phenotype in LPS- or IL-4-induced bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) model. Based on the plasticity of MDSCs and its ability to differentiate into M1/M2 macrophages, we here found that Dioscin increased M1- and decreased M2-like phenotype during the process of MDSCs differentiation in vitro, suggesting Dioscin promoted MDSCs differentiate into M1 as well as inhibited its differentiation into M2 macrophages. Taken together, our study indicated that Dioscin had the inhibitory effect on the initial of tumorigenesis at early stage of CAC via the ant-inflammatory effect, which provided a natural active candidate for effective prevention of CAC.
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Zhao F, Zhao P, Chang J, Sun X, Ma X, Shi B, Yin M, Wang Y, Yang Y. Identification and vitro verification of the potential drug targets of active ingredients of Chonglou in the treatment of lung adenocarcinoma based on EMT-related genes. Front Genet 2023; 14:1112671. [PMID: 36824434 PMCID: PMC9942681 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1112671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) is the main histological type of lung cancer with an unfavorable survival rate. Metastasis is the leading LUAD-related death with Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) playing an essential role. The anticancer efficacies of the active ingredients in Chonglou have been widely reported in various cancers. However, the potential therapeutic targets of the Chonglou active ingredients in LUAD patients remain unknown. Here, the network pharmacology and bioinformatics were performed to analyze the associations of the clinical characteristics, immune infiltration factors and m6A-related genes with the EMT-related genes associated with LUAD (EMT-LUAD related genes), and the molecular docking, STRING, GO, and KEGG enrichment for the drug targets of Chonglou active ingredients associated with EMT (EMT-LUAD-Chonglou related genes). And, cell viability analysis and cell invasion and infiltration analysis were used to confirm the theoretical basis of this study. A total of 166 EMT-LUAD related genes were identified and a multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model with a favorable predictive accuracy was constructed. Meanwhile, the immune cell infiltration, immune cell subsets, checkpoint inhibitors and the expression of m6A-related genes were significantly associated with the risk scores for EMT-LUAD related genes with independent significant prognostic value of all included LUAD patients. Furthermore, 12 EMT-LUAD-Chonglou related genes with five core drug targets were identified, which participated in LUAD development through extracellular matrix disassembly, collagen metabolic process, collagen catabolic process, extracellular matrix organization, extracellular structure organization and inflammatory response. Moreover, we found that the active ingredients of Chonglou could indeed inhibit the progression of lung adenocarcinoma cells. These results are oriented towards EMT-related genes to achieve a better understanding of the role of Chonglou and its targets in osteosarcoma development and metastasis, thus guiding future preclinical studies and facilitating clinical translation of LUAD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulai Zhao
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Peng Zhao
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Junli Chang
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Xingyuan Sun
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoping Ma
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Binhao Shi
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengchen Yin
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China
| | - Yongjun Wang
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Yongjun Wang, ; Yanping Yang,
| | - Yanping Yang
- Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China,Key Laboratory of Theory and Therapy of Muscles and Bones, Ministry of Education, Shanghai, China,*Correspondence: Yongjun Wang, ; Yanping Yang,
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Kou Y, Sun Q, Zhu R, Lin Z, Li Z, Xu H, Feng X, Liu Y. Dioscin induces M1 macrophage polarization through Connexin-43 Channels in Tumor-associated-macrophages-mediated melanoma metastasis. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 109:154559. [PMID: 36610151 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) are important constituent parts of tumor microenvironment that connected with tumor metastasis in melanoma. Connexin 43 (Cx43) was expressed in all the immune cells which modulated different aspects of immune response. However, the concrete molecular mechanism maintains unclear. PURPOSE The study aimed to find a natural drug monomer effectively reversed the polarity of tumor-associated macrophages inhibiting melanoma metastasis and improving survival time. METHODS Flow cytometry was used to determine the effects of dioscin on the macrophage phenotype. Western bolt and ELISA were performed to explore the underlying mechanism of dioscin and a co-culture experiment in vitro was applied to assess the role of dioscin on TAMs-mediated melanoma proliferation, invasion and migration. Moreover, in vivo melanoma metastasis models were established for examining effects of dioscin on TAMs-mediated melanoma metastasis. RESULTS Dioscin repolarized macrophages from M2 towards M1-like phenotype. Dioscin suppressed M2-like phenotype macrophages through enhanced the expression and transport function of Cx43. Furthermore, the stimulation IFN-γ/STAT1 pathway and suppression IL-4/JAK2/STAT3 pathway were major mechanism of dioscin. Importantly, dioscin suppressed Cx43G21R mutation TAMs induced proliferation, invasion, migration and metastasis of melanoma cells. It worthily noting that dioscin ameliorated tumor-associated-macrophages-mediated melanoma metastasis in vitro and vivo. CONCLUSION Dioscin re-polarized macrophages from M2 to M1 phenotype through activation of Cx43-gap-junction-intercellular-communications (Cx43-GJs)/IFN-γ/STAT1 pathway and inhibition of Cx43-GJs/IL-4/JAK2/STAT3 suppressing migration, invasion and metastasis of melanoma, which provided a theoretical and experimental basis for treating melanoma metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Kou
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, Jiangsu, China; The Key Laboratory of Syndrome Differentiation and Treatment of Gastric Cancer of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yangzhou, 225000, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medcine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225000, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Qidi Sun
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, Jiangsu, China; The Key Laboratory of Syndrome Differentiation and Treatment of Gastric Cancer of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yangzhou, 225000, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medcine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rentao Zhu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, Jiangsu, China; The Key Laboratory of Syndrome Differentiation and Treatment of Gastric Cancer of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yangzhou, 225000, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medcine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhijie Lin
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhuoqun Li
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, Jiangsu, China; The Key Laboratory of Syndrome Differentiation and Treatment of Gastric Cancer of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yangzhou, 225000, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medcine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hairong Xu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, Jiangsu, China; The Key Laboratory of Syndrome Differentiation and Treatment of Gastric Cancer of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yangzhou, 225000, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medcine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuan Feng
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, Jiangsu, China; The Key Laboratory of Syndrome Differentiation and Treatment of Gastric Cancer of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yangzhou, 225000, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medcine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou 225000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanqing Liu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, Jiangsu, China; The Key Laboratory of Syndrome Differentiation and Treatment of Gastric Cancer of the State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Yangzhou, 225000, Jiangsu, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medcine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Medical College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, Jiangsu, China.
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Jing J, Rui L, Junyuan S, Jinfeng Y, Zhihao H, Weiguo L, Zhenyu J. Small-molecule compounds inhibiting S-phase kinase-associated protein 2: A review. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1122008. [PMID: 37089937 PMCID: PMC10113621 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1122008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
S-phase kinase-associated protein 2 (Skp2) is a substrate-specific adaptor in Skp1-CUL1-ROC1-F-box E3 ubiquitin ligases and widely regarded as an oncogene. Therefore, Skp2 has remained as an active anticancer research topic since its discovery. Accordingly, the structure of Skp2 has been solved and numerous Skp2 inhibiting compounds have been identified. In this review, we would describe the structural features of Skp2, introduce the ubiquitination function of SCFSkp2, and summarize the diverse natural and synthetic Skp2 inhibiting compounds reported to date. The IC50 data of the Skp2 inhibitors or inhibiting compounds in various kinds of tumors at cellular levels implied that the cancer type, stage and pathological mechanisms should be taken into consideration when selecting Skp2-inhibiting compound for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Jing
- Schools of Laboratory Medicine and Bioengineering, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Li Rui
- Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Sun Junyuan
- Schools of Laboratory Medicine and Bioengineering, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yang Jinfeng
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hong Zhihao
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Lu Weiguo
- Women’s Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Key Laboratory of Women′s Reproductive Health Research of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- *Correspondence: Lu Weiguo, ; Jia Zhenyu,
| | - Jia Zhenyu
- Institute of Occupation Diseases, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- *Correspondence: Lu Weiguo, ; Jia Zhenyu,
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Zhong H, Han L, Lu RY, Wang Y. Antifungal and Immunomodulatory Ingredients from Traditional Chinese Medicine. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 12:antibiotics12010048. [PMID: 36671249 PMCID: PMC9855100 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics12010048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungal infections have become a growing public health challenge due to the clinical transmission of pathogenic fungi. The currently available antifungal drugs leave very limited choices for clinical physicians to deal with such situation, not to mention the long-standing problems of emerging drug resistance, side effects and heavy economic burdens imposed to patients. Therefore, new antifungal drugs are urgently needed. Screening drugs from natural products and using synthetic biology strategies are very promising for antifungal drug development. Chinese medicine is a vast library of natural products of biologically active molecules. According to traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theory, preparations used to treat fungal diseases usually have antifungal and immunomodulatory functions. This suggests that if antifungal drugs are used in combination with immunomodulatory drugs, better results may be achieved. Studies have shown that the active components of TCM have strong antifungal or immunomodulatory effects and have broad application prospects. In this paper, the latest research progress of antifungal and immunomodulatory components of TCM is reviewed and discussed, hoping to provide inspiration for the design of novel antifungal compounds and to open up new horizons for antifungal treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Zhong
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Lei Han
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou 350122, China
| | - Ren-Yi Lu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
- Correspondence:
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22
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The modulation of sirtuins by natural compounds in the management of cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 396:693-703. [PMID: 36454257 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-022-02353-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Cisplatin is a highly effective antitumor agent. However, its use is limited due to severe adverse effects, particularly nephrotoxicity, which occurs in approximately 30% of patients. There is a need for novel renoprotective compounds. Sirtuins play a vital role in various physiological and pathological processes such as oxidative stress, apoptosis, inflammation, and mitochondrial bioenergetics. It has been shown that sirtuins can exert a protective effect on cisplatin-induced acute kidney injury by targeting multiple signaling pathways. Besides, sirtuins not only did not reduce the anticancer effect of cisplatin but also increased it. Several natural compounds have been reported to inhibit cisplatin-mediated nephrotoxicity through sirtuin stimulation. These compounds exert their therapeutic effects on cisplatin-induced renal injury by targeting various signaling pathways including Sirt1/p53, Sirt1/NF-κb/p56, AMPK/Sirt1, Sirt1/PGC-1α, and/or by enhancing mitochondrial function.
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Arya P, Kumar P. Diosgenin: An ingress towards solving puzzle for diabetes treatment. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14390. [PMID: 36106684 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The consumption and composition of food in daily life predict our health in long run. The relation of diabetes to sweets is quite popular. Diabetes hampers the glucose and insulin regulation in the human body by damaging pancreatic β cells. Diabetes has a strong potential towards altering cellular mechanisms of organs causing unlawful performance. Diabetes alters pathways like TLR4, AChE, NF-ĸB, LPL, and PPAR at different sites that affect the normal cellular machinery and cause damage to the local tissue and organ. The long-lasting effect of diabetes was observed in vascular, cardia, nervous, skeletal, reproductive, hepatic, ocular, and renal systems. The increasing awareness of diabetes and its concern has awakened the common people more enthusiastically. Due to rising harm from diabetes, scientific researchers tend to have more eyes toward it. While searching for diabetes solutions, fenugreek diosgenin could pop up with some positive effects in curing the same. Diosgenin helps to lower the scathe of diabetes by modifying cellular pathways in favor of healthy bodily functions. Diosgenin altered the pathways for renewal of pancreatic β cells for better insulin secretion, initiate GLUT4, enhanced DHEA, modify ER-α-mediated PI3K/Akt pathways. Diosgenin can be an appropriate insult for diabetes in a much evolving way for a healthy lifestyle. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: Diabetes is one of the most death causing diseases in the medical world. Regrettably the cure of diabetes is yet to be found. Various scientific team working on the same to look after the most appropriate way for diabetes treatment. There is enormous growth of nutraceutical in the market claiming for cure of different metabolic disorders. Among various bioactive compound fenugreek's diosgenin could took a leap over other in curing and preventing the damage caused by diabetes to different organs. The role of diosgenin in curing various metabolic disorders is quite popular from some time. This article also emphasizes over beneficiary effect of diosgenin in curing the damages caused by diabetes by altering cellular metabolism processes. Hence diosgenin could be a better way for researchers to develop a method for diabetes treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prajya Arya
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Longowal, India
| | - Pradyuman Kumar
- Department of Food Engineering and Technology, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Longowal, India
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Jiang S, Zhang C, Lu Y, Yuan F. Mechanical stress-caused chondrocyte dysfunction and cartilage injury can be attenuated by dioscin via activating sirtuin1/forkhead box O1. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2022; 36:e23212. [PMID: 36106352 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Sirtuin1 (Sirt1)/forkhead box O1 (FoxO1) axis has been reported as a crucial regulator involved in chondral homeostasis of healthy or osteoarthritis (OA) cartilage. In our study, the aim is to investigate whether dioscin functions as an activator of Sirt1/FoxO1 to protect against mechanical stress-induced chondrocyte dysfunction in vitro and in vivo models. HERB and PubChem databases were implemented to predict dioscin-related gene targets. Cell and mouse models of OA were established to determine the pharmacological value of dioscin, a steroidal saponin. Cartilage loss in the knee joint was detected by Safranin O staining. Phosphorylation and nucleocytoplasmic shuttling of FoxO1 was observed in mechanical stress-stimulated chondrocyte and anterior cruciate ligament transection-induced cartilage injury. However, dioscin treatment repressed FoxO1 phosphorylation and cytoplasmic transfer and elevated Sirt1 protein expression. Dioscin treatment reversed mechanical stress-induced growth inhibition and apoptosis of chondrocytes and improved cartilage degradation and bone loss in the epiphysis of the distal femur. Moreover, dioscin could maintain the normal phenotype of chondrocytes via mediating multiple gene expressions. Dioscin inhibited apoptosis and metabolic disorders in OA-like chondrocytes via maintaining the transcriptional activity of FoxO1 and enhancing Sirt1 expression. Dioscin might be a potential Sirt1 activator providing a novel therapeutic schedule for the treatment of OA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shilin Jiang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chengyuan Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ye Lu
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Feng Yuan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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Yang B, Xin M, Liang S, Xu X, Cai T, Dong L, Wang C, Wang M, Cui Y, Song X, Sun J, Sun W. New insight into the management of renal excretion and hyperuricemia: Potential therapeutic strategies with natural bioactive compounds. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1026246. [PMID: 36483739 PMCID: PMC9723165 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1026246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperuricemia is the result of increased production and/or underexcretion of uric acid. Hyperuricemia has been epidemiologically associated with multiple comorbidities, including metabolic syndrome, gout with long-term systemic inflammation, chronic kidney disease, urolithiasis, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, rheumatoid arthritis, dyslipidemia, diabetes/insulin resistance and increased oxidative stress. Dysregulation of xanthine oxidoreductase (XOD), the enzyme that catalyzes uric acid biosynthesis primarily in the liver, and urate transporters that reabsorb urate in the renal proximal tubules (URAT1, GLUT9, OAT4 and OAT10) and secrete urate (ABCG2, OAT1, OAT3, NPT1, and NPT4) in the renal tubules and intestine, is a major cause of hyperuricemia, along with variations in the genes encoding these proteins. The first-line therapeutic drugs used to lower serum uric acid levels include XOD inhibitors that limit uric acid biosynthesis and uricosurics that decrease urate reabsorption in the renal proximal tubules and increase urate excretion into the urine and intestine via urate transporters. However, long-term use of high doses of these drugs induces acute kidney disease, chronic kidney disease and liver toxicity. Therefore, there is an urgent need for new nephroprotective drugs with improved safety profiles and tolerance. The current systematic review summarizes the characteristics of major urate transporters, the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of hyperuricemia, and the regulation of uric acid biosynthesis and transport. Most importantly, this review highlights the potential mechanisms of action of some naturally occurring bioactive compounds with antihyperuricemic and nephroprotective potential isolated from various medicinal plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bendong Yang
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Meiling Xin
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Shufei Liang
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Xiaoxue Xu
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Tianqi Cai
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Ling Dong
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Chao Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Meng Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Yuting Cui
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
| | - Xinhua Song
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
- Shandong Qingyujiangxing Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Zibo, China
| | - Jinyue Sun
- Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province/Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Wenlong Sun
- School of Life Sciences and Medicine, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo, China
- Shandong Qingyujiangxing Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Zibo, China
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Dioscin suppresses proliferation and metastasis of osteosarcoma by inhibiting HuR/Pim1 axis via the induction of miR-16-5p level. J Funct Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Gao Y, Guo M, Zheng P, Liu R, Wang D, Zhao D, Wang M. Effects of sulfated polysaccharides from Laminaria japonica on regularating the gut microbiotan and alleviating intestinal inflammation in obese mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2022; 168:113401. [PMID: 36064122 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2022.113401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Due to their known health-enhancing properties, Laminaria japonica polysaccharides (LJP) may alleviate obesity via unknown mechanisms. This study aimed to investigate beneficial LJP effects and mechanism(s) of action using an animal obesity model (ICR mice fed a high-fat diet). First, LJP were confirmed to consist of sulfated polysaccharides via infrared spectroscopy. Next, LJP administration to mice was found to induce weight loss, reduce liver fat accumulation, and support healthy obesity-related blood serum indicator levels. Notably, LJP treatment significantly reduced TC and LDL levels and significantly increased HDL, LPL, UCP-2, and PPAR-α levels. Furthermore, examinations of tissues of LJP-treated mice revealed significantly reduced intestinal tissue inflammation as compared to corresponding results obtained for untreated obese controls. Additionally, LJP treatment relieved colonic shortening and reduced colonic levels of inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-6. Further exploration of LJP treatment effects on mouse gut microbiota conducted via fecal 16S rRNA gene sequence-based gut microbiome profiling analysis revealed that LJP treatment increased the Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio and increased gut abundances of probiotics Bacteroides acidifaciens, s_Lactobacillus intestinalis, and s_Lactobacillus murinus. In conclusion, these results collectively suggest that LJP use as a food supplement may alleviate obesity and related gut microbiota dysbiosis and intestinal inflammatory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Gao
- Affiliated Hospital, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130021, China; College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Mingkun Guo
- Affiliated Hospital, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130021, China; College of Pharmacy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Peng Zheng
- Affiliated Hospital, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Ruoyi Liu
- High School Attached to Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Dandan Wang
- Affiliated Hospital, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Daqing Zhao
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Mingxing Wang
- Affiliated Hospital, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130021, China.
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Sajeev A, Hegde M, Daimary UD, Kumar A, Girisa S, Sethi G, Kunnumakkara AB. Modulation of diverse oncogenic signaling pathways by oroxylin A: An important strategy for both cancer prevention and treatment. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 105:154369. [PMID: 35985182 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Regardless of major advances in diagnosis, prevention and treatment strategies, cancer is still a foreboding cause due to factors like chemoresistance, radioresistance, adverse side effects and cancer recurrence. Therefore, continuous development of unconventional approaches is a prerequisite to overcome foregoing glitches. Natural products have found their way into treatment of serious health conditions, including cancer since ancient times. The compound oroxylin A (OA) is one among those with enormous potential against different malignancies. It is a flavonoid obtained from the several plants such as Oroxylum indicum, Scutellaria baicalensis and S. lateriflora, Anchietea pyrifolia, and Aster himalaicus. PURPOSE The main purpose of this study is to comprehensively elucidate the anticancerous effects of OA against various malignancies and unravel their chemosensitization and radiosensitization potential. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies of OA have also been investigated. METHOD The literature on antineoplastic effects of OA was searched in PubMed and Scopus, including in vitro and in vivo studies and is summarized based on a systematic review protocol prepared according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. The term "oroxylin A" was used in combination with "cancer" and all the title, abstracts and keywords appeared were considered. RESULTS In Scopus, a total of 157 articles appeared out of which 103 articles that did not meet the eligibility criteria were eliminated and 54 were critically evaluated. In PubMed, from the 85 results obtained, 26 articles were eliminated and 59 were included in the preparation of this review. Mounting number of studies have illustrated the anticancer effects of OA, and its mechanism of action. CONCLUSION OA is a promising natural flavonoid possessing wide range of pleiotropic properties and is a potential anticancer agent. It has a great potential in the treatment of multiple cancers including brain, breast, cervical, colon, esophageal, gall bladder, gastric, hematological, liver, lung, oral, ovarian, pancreatic and skin. However, lack of pharmacokinetic studies, toxicity assessments, and dose standardization studies and adverse effects limit the optimization of this compound as a therapeutic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjana Sajeev
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Mangala Hegde
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Uzini Devi Daimary
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Aviral Kumar
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Sosmitha Girisa
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117600, Singapore.
| | - Ajaikumar B Kunnumakkara
- Cancer Biology Laboratory and DBT-AIST International Center for Translational and Environmental Research (DAICENTER), Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati, 781039, Assam, India.
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Enzyme inhibitory activity of Dioscorea nipponica Makito hydroethanolic extracts of leaves and tubers in relation to their major secondary metabolites. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.102059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Guan L, Mao Z, Yang S, Wu G, Chen Y, Yin L, Qi Y, Han L, Xu L. Dioscin alleviates Alzheimer's disease through regulating RAGE/NOX4 mediated oxidative stress and inflammation. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 152:113248. [PMID: 35691153 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease with amyloid beta (Aβ) deposition and intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) as its characteristic pathological changes. Ameliorating oxidative stress and inflammation has become a new trend in the prevention and treatment of AD. Dioscin, a natural steroidal saponin which exists in Dioscoreae nipponicae rhizomes, displays various pharmacological activities, but its role in Alzheimer's disease (AD) is still unknown. In the present work, effect of dioscin on AD was evaluated in injured SH-SY5Y cells induced by H2O2 and C57BL/6 mice with AD challenged with AlCl₃ combined with D-galactose. Results showed that dioscin obviously increased cell viability and decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) level in injured SH-SY5Y cells. In vivo, dioscin obviously improved the spatial learning and memory abilities as well as gait and interlimb coordination disorders of mice with AD. Moreover, dioscin distinctly restored the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), amyloid beta 42 (Aβ42), acetylcholine (ACh) and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) of mice, and reversed the histopathological changes of brain tissue. Mechanism studies revealed that dioscin markedly down-regulated the expression levels of RAGE and NOX4. Subsequently, dioscin markedly up-regulated the expression levels of Nrf2 and HO-1 related to oxidative stress, and down-regulated the levels of p-NF-κB(p-p65)/NF-κB(p65), AP-1 and inflammatory factors involved in inflammatory pathway. RAGE siRNAs transfection further clarified that the pharmacological activity of dioscin in AD was achieved by regulating RAGE/NOX4 pathway. In conclusion, dioscin showed excellent anti-AD effect by adjusting RAGE/NOX4-mediated oxidative stress and inflammation, which provided the basis for the further research and development against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linshu Guan
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China; The Second Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Zhang Mao
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Sen Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Guanlin Wu
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Yurong Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Lianhong Yin
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Yan Qi
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Lan Han
- School of pharmacy, Anhui University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China.
| | - Lina Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China.
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Wang D, Wang X. Diosgenin and Its Analogs: Potential Protective Agents Against Atherosclerosis. Drug Des Devel Ther 2022; 16:2305-2323. [PMID: 35875677 PMCID: PMC9304635 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s368836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the artery wall associated with lipid metabolism imbalance and maladaptive immune response, which mediates most cardiovascular events. First-line drugs such as statins and antiplatelet drug aspirin have shown good effects against atherosclerosis but may lead to certain side effects. Thus, the development of new, safer, and less toxic agents for atherosclerosis is urgently needed. Diosgenin and its analogs have gained importance for their efficacy against life-threatening diseases, including cardiovascular, endocrine, nervous system diseases, and cancer. Diosgenin and its analogs are widely found in the rhizomes of Dioscore, Solanum, and other species and share similar chemical structures and pharmacological effects. Recent data suggested diosgenin plays an anti-atherosclerosis role through its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, plasma cholesterol-lowering, anti-proliferation, and anti-thrombotic effects. However, a review of the effects of diosgenin and its natural structure analogs on AS is still lacking. This review summarizes the effects of diosgenin and its analogs on vascular endothelial dysfunction, vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) proliferation, migration and calcification, lipid metabolism, and inflammation, and provides a new overview of its anti-atherosclerosis mechanism. Besides, the structures, sources, safety, pharmacokinetic characteristics, and biological availability are introduced to reveal the limitations and challenges of current studies, hoping to provide a theoretical basis for the clinical application of diosgenin and its analogs and provide a new idea for developing new agents for atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Cardiovascular Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaolong Wang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Cardiovascular Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Branch of National Clinical Research Center for Chinese Medicine Cardiology, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Xiaolong Wang, Tel +86 13501991450, Fax +86 21 51322445, Email
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Computation-Based Discovery of Potential Targets for Rheumatoid Arthritis and Related Molecular Screening and Mechanism Analysis of Traditional Chinese Medicine. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:1905077. [PMID: 35707715 PMCID: PMC9190478 DOI: 10.1155/2022/1905077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study is aimed at screening potential therapeutic ingredients in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and identifying the key rheumatoid arthritis (RA) targets using computational simulations. Data for TCM-active ingredients with clear pharmacological effects were collected. Absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity were evaluated. Potential RA targets were identified using the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, protein–protein interaction network, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analyses and potential TCM ingredients using AutoDock Vina. To examine the mechanisms underlying small molecules, target prediction, Gene Ontology, KEGG, and network modeling analyses were conducted; the effects were verified in rat synovial cells using cell proliferation assay. The activities of tumor necrosis factor TNF-α and IL-1β and alterations in cellular target protein levels were detected by ELISA and Western blotting, respectively. In total, data for 432 TCM active ingredients with clear pharmacological effects were obtained. Five critical RA-related genes were identified; CCL5 and CXCL10 were selected for molecular docking. Target prediction and network-based proximity analysis showed that dioscin could modulate 22 known RA clinical targets. Dioscin, asiaticoside, and ginsenoside Re could effectively inhibit in vitro cell proliferation and secretion of TNF-α and IL-1β in RA rat synovial cells. Using bioinformatics and computer-aided drug design, the potential small anti-RA molecules and their mechanisms of action were comprehensively identified. Dioscin could significantly inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis in RA rat synovial cells by reducing TNF-α and IL-1β secretion and inhibiting abnormal CCL5, CXCL10, CXCR2, and IL2 expression.
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Natural saponin and cholesterol assembled nanostructures as the promising delivery method for saponin. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2022; 214:112448. [PMID: 35306344 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2022.112448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The application of saponins has been restricted by problems such as hemolysis, low bioavailability, and poor solubility. So it is imperative to find a strategy to deliver saponins safely and efficiently. Here, through bottom-up technique, we design and prepare two saponin-cholesterol (Cho) nano-complex: dioscin (Dio, steroid saponin)-Cho nanofibers (NFs) and escin Ia (EIa, triterpene saponin)-Cho nanoparticles (NPs). It is found that the hydrophobic force and hydrogen bonding drive the two pairs of molecules to bind in different directions (the 3β-OH of Cho face the sugar chain of EIa and the 22α-O of Dio, respectively) and finally show spherical NPs (EIa-Cho) and fibrous NFs (Dio-Cho). The equimolar saponin-Cho complex, Dio NFs and EIa NPs, reveal potent cytotoxicities against mouse breast cancer cells (4T1) in vitro. In vivo results confirm the antitumor (4T1 mice model) efficacy of PEGylation Dio NFs (10 mg/kg, i.v.) with a tumor inhibition rate of 61%, meanwhile, it does not cause extreme irritation and pain as free Dio does to mice. Moreover, compared with the free drug, the prepared nano-complex can significantly reduce hemolysis and organ toxicity. Our research reduces the toxicity of saponins while retaining their antitumor activity, providing a new strategy for the delivery of saponins.
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Mao Z, Gao M, Zhao X, Li L, Peng J. Neuroprotective Effect of Dioscin against Parkinson’s Disease via Adjusting Dual-Specificity phosphatase 6(DUSP6)-Mediated Oxidative Stress. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27103151. [PMID: 35630630 PMCID: PMC9146847 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Exploration of lead compounds against Parkinson’s disease (PD), a neurodegenerative disease, is of great important. Dioscin, a bioactive natural product, shows various pharmacological effects. However, the activities and mechanisms of dioscin against PD have not been well investigated. In this study, the tests on 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced PC12 cells and rats were carried out. The results showed that dioscin dramatically improved cell viability, decreased reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, improved motor behavior and tyrosine hydroxylase(TH) levels and restored the levels of glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in rats. Mechanism investigation showed that dioscin not only markedly increased the expression level of dual- specificity phosphatase 6 (DUSP6) by 1.87-fold in cells and 2.56-fold in rats, and decreased phospho-extracellular regulated protein kinases (p-ERK) level by 2.12-fold in cells and 2.34-fold in rats, but also increased the levels of nuclear factor erythroid2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), hemeoxygenase-1 (HO-1), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and decreased the levels of kelch-1ike ECH-associated protein l (Keap1) in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, DUSP6 siRNA transfection experiment in PC12 cells validated the protective effects of dioscin against PD via regulating DUSP6 to adjust the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway. Our data supported that dioscin has protection against PD in regulating oxidative stress via DUSP6 signal, which should be considered as an efficient candidate for the treatment of PD in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Mao
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China; (Z.M.); (M.G.); (X.Z.)
- College of Intergrative Medicine, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Meng Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China; (Z.M.); (M.G.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xuerong Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China; (Z.M.); (M.G.); (X.Z.)
| | - Lili Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
- Correspondence: (L.L.); or (J.P.); Tel.: +86-411-8611-0411
| | - Jinyong Peng
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Western 9 Lvshunnan Road, Dalian 116044, China; (Z.M.); (M.G.); (X.Z.)
- Department of Pharmacy, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei 230012, China
- Correspondence: (L.L.); or (J.P.); Tel.: +86-411-8611-0411
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Wang L, Yao M, Hu Y, Chen C, Jin L, Ma X, Yang H. Synthesis and Antitumor Activity of Diosgenin Hydroxamic Acid and Quaternary Phosphonium Salt Derivatives. ACS Med Chem Lett 2022; 13:786-791. [PMID: 35586422 PMCID: PMC9109269 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.1c00581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Diosgenin, a component separated from Dioscorea plants, is an important starting material for steroid hormone drugs and semisynthetic steroids. In the work, two series of diosgenin derivatives were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their cellular anticancer activities. Most of the target compounds exhibited good inhibitory activities against four cell lines, Aspc-1 (human colon adenocarcinoma cells), H358 (human nonsmall cell lung cancer cells), HCT116 (human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells), and SW620 (human metastatic pancreatic cancer cells). Among them, the representative compound 2.2f exhibited 7.9-341.7-fold antiproliferative activities against the above-mentioned four cell lines compared with the lead compound diosgenin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Wang
- Key Laboratory of General Chemistry of the National Ethnic Affairs Commission, School of Chemistry and Environment, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Maoling Yao
- Key Laboratory of General Chemistry of the National Ethnic Affairs Commission, School of Chemistry and Environment, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yuegao Hu
- Key Laboratory of General Chemistry of the National Ethnic Affairs Commission, School of Chemistry and Environment, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Congdi Chen
- College of Chemistry and Life Science, Chengdu Normal University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Liming Jin
- Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Bioresources Utilization, Ministry of Education, Dalian Minzu University, Dalian 116600, China
| | - Xiaodong Ma
- College of Pharmacy, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, China
| | - Hongjun Yang
- Key Laboratory of General Chemistry of the National Ethnic Affairs Commission, School of Chemistry and Environment, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Adomėnienė A, Venskutonis PR. Dioscorea spp.: Comprehensive Review of Antioxidant Properties and Their Relation to Phytochemicals and Health Benefits. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27082530. [PMID: 35458730 PMCID: PMC9026138 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27082530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Dioscorea, consisting of over 600 species, is the most important genus in the Dioscoreaceae family; however, the practically used plants, which are commonly called yam, are restricted to a remarkably smaller number of species. Numerous studies have reported the high nutritional value of yam, particularly as an alternative source of starch and some important micronutrients. Several Dioscorea species are widely used for various medicinal purposes as well. In many studies, the bioactivities and health benefits of Dioscorea extracts and other preparations have been related to the presence of phytochemicals, which possess antioxidant properties; they are related mainly to radical-scavenging capacity in chemical assays and positive effects on the endogenous antioxidant system in cell-based and in vivo assays. Considering the increasing number of publications on this topic and the absence of comprehensive and focused review papers on antioxidant potential, this article summarizes the results of studies on the antioxidant properties of Dioscorea spp. and their relation to phytochemicals and health benefits. A comprehensive survey of the published articles has revealed that the majority of studies have been performed with plant tubers (rhizomes, roots), while reports on leaves are rather scarce. In general, leaf extracts demonstrated stronger antioxidant potential than tuber preparations. This may be related to the differences in phytochemical composition: saponins, phenanthrenes and, for some pigment-rich species (purple yams), anthocyanins are important constituents in tubers, while phenolic acids and flavonoids are characteristic phytochemicals in the leaves. The review may assist in explaining ethnopharmacological knowledge on the health benefits of Dioscorea plants and their preparations; moreover, it may foster further studies of poorly investigated species, as well as their wider application in developing new functional foods and nutraceuticals.
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Zhong Y, Liu J, Sun D, Guo T, Yao Y, Xia X, Shi C, Peng X. Dioscin relieves diabetic nephropathy via suppressing oxidative stress and apoptosis, and improving mitochondrial quality and quantity control. Food Funct 2022; 13:3660-3673. [PMID: 35262539 DOI: 10.1039/d1fo02733f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Dioscin is a steroidal saponin isolated from various kinds of vegetables and herbs and possesses various biological activities. In this study, the protective effect of dioscin on diabetic nephropathy (DN) was explored. Dioscin and metformin (positive control) were administered orally to diabetic rats daily for 8 weeks. The biochemistry parameters, pancreas and kidney histological changes, oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, autophagy, and mitochondrial quality and quantity control (mitophagy and mitochondrial fission/fusion) were measured. Our results showed that dioscin effectively reduced blood glucose, pancreatic injury, renal function markers and renal pathological changes in DN rat kidneys. Dioscin reduced O2- and H2O2 levels, decreased MDA levels, enhanced antioxidant enzyme (SOD, CAT) activities, and reduced inflammatory factor expressions. Moreover, NOX4 expression and the disorder of the mitochondrial respiratory chain were reversed by dioscin. Furthermore, apoptosis mediated by the mitochondria and ER stress was inhibited by dioscin through downregulating the expressions of Bax, CytC, Apaf-1, caspase 9, p-PERK, p-EIF2α, IRE1, p-IRE1, XBP1s, ATF4, p-CHOP and caspase 12. In addition, autophagy was enhanced by dioscin via an AMPK-mTOR pathway. Mitophagy and mitochondrial fission/fusion belong to the mitochondrial quality and quantity control process, which was improved by dioscin via regulating Parkin, PINK1, DRP1, p-DRP1 and MFN2 expressions. Collectively, these results suggested that dioscin protected against DN through inhibiting oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis mediated by the mitochondria and ER stress. Autophagy and mitochondrial quality and quantity control (mitophagy and mitochondrial fission/fusion) were also improved by dioscin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Zhong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Jiayu Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Dianjun Sun
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Tianmin Guo
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Yanpeng Yao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Xiaodong Xia
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Chao Shi
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
| | - Xiaoli Peng
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
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Li H, Pang B, Nie B, Qu S, Zhang K, Xu J, Yang M, Liu J, Li S. Dioscin promotes autophagy by regulating the AMPK-mTOR pathway in ulcerative colitis. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2022; 44:238-246. [PMID: 35174751 DOI: 10.1080/08923973.2022.2037632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dioscin is reported to alleviate the dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis (UC) in mice. Autophagy plays an anti-inflammatory role in UC. We herein aimed to explore the biological functions of dioscin in autophagy in UC. METHODS To explore the effects of dioscin on UC progression, a DSS-induced mouse model of UC was established. Body weight, disease activity index and macroscopic damage index scores were recorded for seven days. Hematoxylin & Eosin (HE) staining was used to stain colon sections and an BX53 microscope was prepared to observe pathological changes. The activities of glutathione, superoxidative dismutase, and malondialdehyde were determined by commercially available kits. Western blotting was performed to measure the protein levels of p-AMPK/AMPK, p-mTOR/mTOR and autophagy-related genes. RESULTS The DSS-induced colitis and oxidative stress in mice were ameliorated after dioscin treatment. Dioscin promoted the phosphorylation of AMPK to inhibit mTOR activation and facilitated autophagy in DSS-induced mice model of UC. CONCLUSION Dioscin promotes autophagy by promoting the phosphorylation of AMPK to inhibit mTOR activation in ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Li
- Department of Geriatrics, The Sixth Hospital of Wuhan, Affiliated Hospital of Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Pang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Sixth Hospital of Wuhan, Affiliated Hospital of Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bin Nie
- Department of Geriatrics, The Sixth Hospital of Wuhan, Affiliated Hospital of Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shifang Qu
- Department of Geriatrics, The Sixth Hospital of Wuhan, Affiliated Hospital of Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kuanxin Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Sixth Hospital of Wuhan, Affiliated Hospital of Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinxiu Xu
- Department of Geriatrics, The Sixth Hospital of Wuhan, Affiliated Hospital of Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ming Yang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Sixth Hospital of Wuhan, Affiliated Hospital of Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, The Sixth Hospital of Wuhan, Affiliated Hospital of Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shasha Li
- Department of Geriatrics, The Sixth Hospital of Wuhan, Affiliated Hospital of Jianghan University, Wuhan, China
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Liu YX, Xu BW, Niu XD, Chen YJ, Fu XQ, Wang XQ, Yin CL, Chou JY, Li JK, Wu JY, Bai JX, Wu Y, Li SM, Yu ZL. Inhibition of Src/STAT3 signaling-mediated angiogenesis is involved in the anti-melanoma effects of dioscin. Pharmacol Res 2022; 175:105983. [PMID: 34822972 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Angiogenesis plays an important role in the growth and metastasis of solid tumors including melanoma. Inhibiting tumor-associated angiogenesis is a tactic in treating melanoma. Dioscin restrains angiogenesis in colon tumor and has anti-melanoma effects in cell and animal models. In a previous study, we found that dioscin inhibits Src/STAT3 signaling in melanoma cells. Activation of the Src/STAT3 pathway has been shown to promote tumor angiogenesis. This study aimed to determine whether dioscin's anti-melanoma effects is related to inhibiting Src/STAT3 signaling-mediated angiogenesis. In a B16F10 allograft mouse model, we found that dioscin inhibited melanoma growth and angiogenesis. To exclude the impact of tumor growth on angiogenesis, a chicken chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model was used to verify the anti-angiogenic effect of dioscin. Results showed that dioscin suppressed vessel formation in CAM. To determine if tumor secreted pro-angiogenic cytokines are involved in the anti-angiogenic effect of dioscin, conditioned media from dioscin-treated A375 melanoma cells were used to culture human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs), and tube formation was monitored. It was observed that the tube formation of HUVECs was inhibited. Mechanistic studies revealed that dioscin inhibited the activation of Src and STAT3, and lowered mRNA and protein levels of STAT3 transcriptionally-regulated genes, in B16F10 melanomas. ELISA assays showed that dioscin decreased the secretion of MMP-2, MMP-9 and VEGF from A375 cells. Over-activation of STAT3 lessened the effects of dioscin in decreasing the secretion of pro-angiogenic cytokines from melanoma cells, and in inhibiting tube formation of HUVECs cultured with conditioned media from melanoma cell cultures. In summary, we for the first time demonstrated that inhibiting Src/STAT3 signaling-mediated angiogenesis is involved in the anti-melanoma effects of dioscin. This study provides further pharmacological groundwork for developing dioscin as an anti-melanoma agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Xi Liu
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Bo-Wen Xu
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiao-Di Niu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ying-Jie Chen
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiu-Qiong Fu
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiao-Qi Wang
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Cheng-Le Yin
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ji-Yao Chou
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jun-Kui Li
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jia-Ying Wu
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jing-Xuan Bai
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sze-Man Li
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhi-Ling Yu
- Centre for Cancer and Inflammation Research, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China; Consun Chinese Medicines Research Centre for Renal Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong, China; Research and Development Centre for Natural Health Products, HKBU Institute for Research and Continuing Education, Shenzhen, China.
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Bandopadhyay S, Anand U, Gadekar VS, Jha NK, Gupta PK, Behl T, Kumar M, Shekhawat MS, Dey A. Dioscin: A review on pharmacological properties and therapeutic values. Biofactors 2022; 48:22-55. [PMID: 34919768 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Dioscin has gained immense popularity as a natural, bioactive steroid saponin, which offers numerous medical benefits. The growing global incidence of disease-associated morbidity and mortality continues to compromise human health, facilitating an increasingly urgent need for nontoxic, noninvasive, and efficient treatment alternatives. Natural compounds can contribute vastly to this field. Over recent years, studies have demonstrated the remarkable protective actions of dioscin against a variety of human malignancies, metabolic disorders, organ injuries, and viral/fungal infections. The successful usage of this phytocompound has been widely seen in medical treatment procedures under traditional Chinese medicine, and it is becoming progressively prevalent worldwide. This review provides an insight into the wide spectrum of pharmacological activities of dioscin, as reported and compiled in recent literature. The various novel approaches and applications of dioscin also verify the advantages exhibited by plant extracts against commercially available drugs, highlighting the potential of phytochemical agents like dioscin to be further incorporated into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Uttpal Anand
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Vijaykumar Shivaji Gadekar
- Zoology Department, Sangola College (affiliated to Punyashlok Ahilyadevi Holkar Solapur University), Solapur, Maharashtra, India
| | - Niraj Kumar Jha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Engineering & Technology, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Piyush Kumar Gupta
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Basic Sciences and Research, Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Tapan Behl
- Department of Pharmacology, Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Chandigarh, Punjab, India
| | - Manoj Kumar
- Chemical and Biochemical Processing Division, ICAR - Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mahipal S Shekhawat
- Plant Biotechnology Unit, Kanchi Mamunivar Government Institute for Postgraduate Studies and Research, Puducherry, India
| | - Abhijit Dey
- Department of Life Sciences, Presidency University, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Abstract
Herbal compounds including those already well-established in traditional Chinese medicine have been increasingly tested in the treatment of various diseases. Recent studies have shown that herbal compounds can be of benefit also for pulmonary silicosis as they can diminish changes associated with silica-induced inflammation, fibrosis, and oxidative stress. Due to a lack of effective therapeutic strategies, development of novel approaches which may be introduced particularly in the early stage of the disease, is urgently needed. This review summarizes positive effects of several alternative plant-based drugs in the models of experimental silicosis with a potential for subsequent clinical investigation and use in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Adamcakova
- Department of Physiology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovak Republic.
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Abstract
Herbal compounds including those already well-established in traditional Chinese medicine have been increasingly tested in the treatment of various diseases. Recent studies have shown that herbal compounds can be of benefit also for pulmonary silicosis as they can diminish changes associated with silica-induced inflammation, fibrosis, and oxidative stress. Due to a lack of effective therapeutic strategies, development of novel approaches which may be introduced particularly in the early stage of the disease, is urgently needed. This review summarizes positive effects of several alternative plant-based drugs in the models of experimental silicosis with a potential for subsequent clinical investigation and use in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- J ADAMCAKOVA
- Department of Physiology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovak Republic
| | - D MOKRA
- Department of Physiology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovak Republic
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Ma C, Wang C, Zhang Y, Zhou H, Li Y. Potential Natural Compounds for the Prevention and Treatment of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Review on Molecular Mechanisms. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2021; 15:846-861. [PMID: 34923950 DOI: 10.2174/1874467215666211217120448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a kind of metabolic stress-induced liver injury closely related to insulin resistance and genetic susceptibility, and there is no specific drug for its clinical treatment currently. In recent years, a large amount of literature has reported that many natural compounds extracted from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) can improve NAFLD through various mechanisms. According to the latest reports, some emerging natural compounds have shown great potential to improve NAFLD but are seldom used clinically due to the lacking special research. PURPOSE This paper aims to summarize the molecular mechanisms of the potential natural compounds on improving NAFLD, thus providing a direction and basis for further research on the pathogenesis of NAFLD and the development of effective drugs for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD. METHODS By searching various online databases, such as Web of Science, SciFinder, PubMed, and CNKI, NAFLD and these natural compounds were used as the keywords for detailed literature retrieval. RESULTS The pathogenesis of NAFLD and the molecular mechanisms of the potential natural compounds on improving NAFLD have been reviewed. CONCLUSION Many natural compounds from traditional Chinese medicine have a good prospect in the treatment of NAFLD, which can serve as a direction for the development of anti-NAFLD drugs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yafang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Honglin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yunxia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Key Laboratory of Standardization for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
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Ye P, Chi X, Cha JH, Luo S, Yang G, Yan X, Yang WH. Potential of E3 Ubiquitin Ligases in Cancer Immunity: Opportunities and Challenges. Cells 2021; 10:cells10123309. [PMID: 34943817 PMCID: PMC8699390 DOI: 10.3390/cells10123309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapies, including immune checkpoint inhibitors and immune pathway–targeted therapies, are promising clinical strategies for treating cancer. However, drug resistance and adverse reactions remain the main challenges for immunotherapy management. The future direction of immunotherapy is mainly to reduce side effects and improve the treatment response rate by finding new targets and new methods of combination therapy. Ubiquitination plays a crucial role in regulating the degradation of immune checkpoints and the activation of immune-related pathways. Some drugs that target E3 ubiquitin ligases have exhibited beneficial effects in preclinical and clinical antitumor treatments. In this review, we discuss mechanisms through which E3 ligases regulate tumor immune checkpoints and immune-related pathways as well as the opportunities and challenges for integrating E3 ligases targeting drugs into cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Ye
- Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis and Cancer Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes and Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 910095, China; (P.Y.); (X.C.); (S.L.); (G.Y.)
| | - Xiaoxia Chi
- Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis and Cancer Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes and Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 910095, China; (P.Y.); (X.C.); (S.L.); (G.Y.)
| | - Jong-Ho Cha
- Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Graduate School, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea;
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon 22212, Korea
| | - Shahang Luo
- Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis and Cancer Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes and Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 910095, China; (P.Y.); (X.C.); (S.L.); (G.Y.)
| | - Guanghui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis and Cancer Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes and Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 910095, China; (P.Y.); (X.C.); (S.L.); (G.Y.)
| | - Xiuwen Yan
- Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis and Cancer Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes and Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 910095, China; (P.Y.); (X.C.); (S.L.); (G.Y.)
- Correspondence: (X.Y.); (W.-H.Y.)
| | - Wen-Hao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Homeostasis and Cancer Research of Guangdong Higher Education Institutes and Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 910095, China; (P.Y.); (X.C.); (S.L.); (G.Y.)
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, China Medical University, Taichung 406040, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (X.Y.); (W.-H.Y.)
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Tsukayama I, Mega T, Hojo N, Toda K, Kawakami Y, Takahashi Y, Suzuki-Yamamoto T. Diosgenin suppresses COX-2 and mPGES-1 via GR and improves LPS-induced liver injury in mouse. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2021; 156:106580. [PMID: 34252545 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2021.106580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Using a wild yam (Dioscorea japonica), we previously found novel anti-inflammatory and anti-carcinogenic effects via the downregulation of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 and microsomal prostaglandin E synthase (mPGES)-1. One of the substances in wild yam is a steroidal saponin, diosgenin. We demonstrated that diosgenin suppressed COX-2 in human non-small-cell lung carcinoma A549 cells via nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) translocation and the effects were reversed by a glucocorticoid receptor antagonist, RU486. In lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mouse liver injury, COX-2 and mPGES-1 were induced and localized in sinusoidal macrophages and endothelial cells; however, diosgenin administration significantly suppressed Ptgs2 and Ptges expression and decreased COX-2 and mPGES-1 immunopositive cells in the sinusoids. Multiple immunohistochemical analyses showed that diosgenin had an effect on COX-2 and mPGES-1, particularly in the macrophages. Thus, we showed that diosgenin downregulated COX-2 and mPGES-1 via the glucocorticoid receptor and suppressed COX-2 and mPGES-1 in the macrophages of LPS-induced acute mouse liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izumi Tsukayama
- Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Health and Welfare Science, Okayama Prefectural University, 111 Kuboki, Soja, Okayama, 719-1197, Japan
| | - Takuto Mega
- Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Health and Welfare Science, Okayama Prefectural University, 111 Kuboki, Soja, Okayama, 719-1197, Japan
| | - Nana Hojo
- Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Health and Welfare Science, Okayama Prefectural University, 111 Kuboki, Soja, Okayama, 719-1197, Japan
| | - Keisuke Toda
- Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Health and Welfare Science, Okayama Prefectural University, 111 Kuboki, Soja, Okayama, 719-1197, Japan
| | - Yuki Kawakami
- Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Health and Welfare Science, Okayama Prefectural University, 111 Kuboki, Soja, Okayama, 719-1197, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Takahashi
- Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Health and Welfare Science, Okayama Prefectural University, 111 Kuboki, Soja, Okayama, 719-1197, Japan
| | - Toshiko Suzuki-Yamamoto
- Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Health and Welfare Science, Okayama Prefectural University, 111 Kuboki, Soja, Okayama, 719-1197, Japan.
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Chae WO, Kim GD. Dioscin Decreases Breast Cancer Stem-like Cell Proliferation via Cell Cycle Arrest by Modulating p38 Mitogen-activated Protein Kinase and AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathways. J Cancer Prev 2021; 26:183-194. [PMID: 34703821 PMCID: PMC8511578 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2021.26.3.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dioscin (DS), a steroidal saponin, has been shown to have anti-cancer activity by exerting antioxidant effects and inducing apoptosis. However, the anti-cancer activity of DS in breast cancer-derived stem cells is still controversial. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of DS on migration, invasion, and colony formation in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cell lines and the mechanism by which it inhibits proliferation of breast cancer stem-like cells after inducing differentiation into breast cancer stem cells. DS treatment significantly reduced cellular migration, invasion, and colony formation in MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells. During the differentiation process that induced manifestation of breast cancer stem-like cells, DS significantly inhibited mammosphere formation in a dose-dependent manner and increased the expression of p53 and p21 in breast cancer stem-like cells, reducing the expression of cdc2 and cyclin B1 in MDA-MB-231 cells and cyclin D, cyclin E, CDK4, and CDK2 in MCF-7 cells. Interestingly, DS treatment induced G2/M and G0/G1 cell cycle arrest in the MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 cells, respectively. DS also increased the phosphorylation of p38 and decreased the expression levels of p-AKT and p-mTOR. These results suggest that DS regulates the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and AKT/mTOR signaling pathways to reduce the proliferation of breast cancer stem-like cells through cell cycle arrest. Therefore, these findings suggest that DS may serve as a potential treatment candidate targeting breast cancer stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won Ock Chae
- College of Pharmacy, Natural Products Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyungnam University, Changwon, Korea
| | - Gi Dae Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Kyungnam University, Changwon, Korea
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Exploring the Biological Mechanism of Huang Yam in Treating Tumors and Preventing Antitumor Drug-Induced Cardiotoxicity Using Network Pharmacology and Molecular Docking Technology. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:9988650. [PMID: 34484411 PMCID: PMC8410425 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9988650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Drugs for the treatment of tumors could result in cardiotoxicity and cardiovascular diseases. We aimed to explore the anticancer properties of Huang yam as well as its cardioprotective properties using network pharmacology and molecular docking technology. The cardiovascular targets of the major chemical components of Huang yam were obtained from the following databases: TCMSP, ETCM, and BATMAN-TCM. The active ingredients of Huang yam were obtained from SwissADME. The cardiovascular targets of antitumor drugs were obtained using GeneCards, OMIM, DrugBank, DisGeNET, and SwissTargetPrediction databases. The drug-disease intersection genes were used to construct a drug-compound-target network using Cytoscape 3.7.1. A protein-protein interaction network was constructed using Cytoscape's BisoGenet, and the core targets of Huang yam were screened to determine their antitumor properties and identify the cardiovascular targets based on topological parameters. Potential targets were imported into the Metascape platform for GO and KEGG analysis. The results were saved and visualized using R software. The components with higher median values in the network were molecularly docked with the core targets. The network contained 10 compounds, including daucosterol, delusive, dioxin, panthogenin-B, and 124 targets, such as TP53, RPS27A, and UBC. The GO function enrichment analysis showed that there were 478 items in total. KEGG enrichment analysis showed a total of 140 main pathways associated with abnormal transcription of cancer, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, cell cycle, cancer pathway, ubiquitination-mediated proteolysis, and other pathways. Molecular docking results showed that daucosterol, delusive, dioxin, and panthogenin-B had the highest affinity for TP53, RPS27A, and UBC. The treatment of diseases using traditional Chinese medicine encompasses multiple active ingredients, targets, and pathways. Huang yam has the potential to treat cardiotoxicity caused by antitumor drugs.
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Zu M, Ma Y, Cannup B, Xie D, Jung Y, Zhang J, Yang C, Gao F, Merlin D, Xiao B. Oral delivery of natural active small molecules by polymeric nanoparticles for the treatment of inflammatory bowel diseases. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2021; 176:113887. [PMID: 34314785 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.113887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Revised: 06/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is rapidly rising throughout the world. Although tremendous efforts have been made, limited therapeutics are available for IBD management. Natural active small molecules (NASMs), which are a gift of nature to humanity, have been widely used in the prevention and alleviation of IBD; they have numerous advantageous features, including excellent biocompatibility, pharmacological activity, and mass production potential. Oral route is the most common and acceptable approach for drug administration, but the clinical application of NASMs in IBD treatment via oral route has been seriously restricted by their inherent limitations such as high hydrophobicity, instability, and poor bioavailability. With the development of nanotechnology, polymeric nanoparticles (NPs) have provided a promising platform that can efficiently encapsulate versatile NASMs, overcome multiple drug delivery barriers, and orally deliver the loaded NASMs to targeted tissues or cells while enhancing their stability and bioavailability. Thus, NPs can enhance the preventive and therapeutic effects of NASMs against IBD. Herein, we summarize the recent knowledge about polymeric matrix-based carriers, targeting ligands for drug delivery, and NASMs. We also discuss the current challenges and future developmental directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Menghang Zu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Sericulture, Textile, and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Ya Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Sericulture, Textile, and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Brandon Cannup
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Digestive Disease Research Group, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30302, United States
| | - Dengchao Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Sericulture, Textile, and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China; State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China; College of Food Science, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yunjin Jung
- College of Pharmacy, Pusan National University, Geumjeong-gu, Busan 46241, South Korea
| | - Jinming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China
| | - Chunhua Yang
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Digestive Disease Research Group, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30302, United States; Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA 30033, United States
| | - Fei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611137, China.
| | - Didier Merlin
- Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Digestive Disease Research Group, Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30302, United States; Atlanta Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Decatur, GA 30033, United States.
| | - Bo Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, College of Sericulture, Textile, and Biomass Sciences, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing 400715, China.
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Combined Application of Macroporous Resins and Preparative High-performance Liquid Chromatography for the Separation of Steroidal Saponins from Stems and Leaves of Paris polyphylla. Chromatographia 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-021-04073-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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50
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Li J, Mosongo I, Li H, Wu Y, Li C, Yang S, Zhang Y. Identification and Characterization of a Trillin Rhamnosyltransferase From Dioscorea zingiberensis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:713036. [PMID: 34421964 PMCID: PMC8377597 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.713036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Dioscorea zingiberensis accumulates abundant steroidal saponins, such as dioscin, which is the principal bioactive ingredient displaying a wide range of pharmacological activities. Diosgenin is the aglycone of dioscin, and recently, genes encoding cytochrome P450 enzymes in the late steps of diosgenin biosynthesis have been isolated. Diosgenin was successfully synthesized in the cholesterol-producing yeasts. From diosgenin to dioscin, one glucose and two rhamnose groups need to be added. Although genes encoding UDP-glucosyltransferases converting diosgenin to trillin were isolated, genes encoding UDP-rhamnosyltransferases involved in dioscin biosynthesis remain unknown. In this study, we isolated the cDNA encoding the trillin rhamnosyltransferase (designated DzGT1) from D. zingiberensis. Heterologous expression of DzGT1 in Escherichia coli cells showed that the gene product exhibits an enzyme activity that glycosylates the trillin to form prosapogenin A of dioscin (PSA). The transcript level of DzGT1 is in accord with PSA accumulation in different organs of D. zingiberensis. Integration of the biochemical, metabolic, and transcriptional data supported the function of DzGT1 in dioscin biosynthesis. The identification and characterization of DzGT1 will help understand the metabolism of steroidal saponins in D. zingiberensis and provide candidate UDP-rhamnosyltransferase for efficient production of PSA, dioscin, and relevant steroidal saponins in microbial hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Isidore Mosongo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Han Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yalun Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Changfu Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Shihui Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Environmental Microbial Technology Center of Hubei Province, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yansheng Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
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