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Cunha FFMD, Tonon AP, Machado F, Travassos LR, Grazzia N, Possatto JF, Sant'ana AKCD, Lopes RDM, Rodrigues T, Miguel DC, Gadelha FR, Arruda DC. Astaxanthin induces autophagy and apoptosis in murine melanoma B16F10-Nex2 cells and exhibits antitumor activity in vivo. J Chemother 2024; 36:222-237. [PMID: 37800867 DOI: 10.1080/1120009x.2023.2264585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Countless efforts have been made to prevent and suppress the formation and spread of melanoma. Natural astaxanthin (AST; extracted from the alga Haematococcus pluvialis) showed an antitumor effect on various cancer cell lines due to its interaction with the cell membrane. This study aimed to characterize the antitumor effect of AST against B16F10-Nex2 murine melanoma cells using cell viability assay and evaluate its mechanism of action using electron microscopy, western blotting analysis, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labelling (TUNEL) assay, and mitochondrial membrane potential determination. Astaxanthin exhibited a significant cytotoxic effect in murine melanoma cells with features of apoptosis and autophagy. Astaxanthin also decreased cell migration and invasion in vitro assays at subtoxic concentrations. In addition, assays were conducted in metastatic cancer models in mice where AST significantly decreased the development of pulmonary nodules. In conclusion, AST has cytotoxic effect in melanoma cells and inhibits cell migration and invasion, indicating a promising use in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Angela Pedroso Tonon
- Instituto de Física e Biotecnologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, Brazil
- Institute of Environmental Science and Technology, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fabricio Machado
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luis Rodolpho Travassos
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nathalia Grazzia
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rayssa de Mello Lopes
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas (CCNH), Universidade Federal do ABC, UFABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | - Tiago Rodrigues
- Centro de Ciências Naturais e Humanas (CCNH), Universidade Federal do ABC, UFABC, Santo André, Brazil
| | - Danilo Ciccone Miguel
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Denise Costa Arruda
- Núcleo Integrado de Biotecnologia (NIB), Universidade de Mogi das Cruzes, UMC, Mogi das Cruzes, Brazil
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Dujíčková L, Olexiková L, Makarevich AV, Bartková AR, Němcová L, Chrenek P, Strejček F. Astaxanthin Added during Post-Warm Recovery Mitigated Oxidative Stress in Bovine Vitrified Oocytes and Improved Quality of Resulting Blastocysts. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:556. [PMID: 38790660 PMCID: PMC11117980 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13050556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Various antioxidants are tested to improve the viability and development of cryopreserved oocytes, due to their known positive health effects. The aim of this study was to find whether astaxanthin (AX), a xanthophyll carotenoid, could mitigate deteriorations that occurred during the vitrification/warming process in bovine oocytes. Astaxanthin (2.5 µM) was added to the maturation medium during the post-warm recovery period of vitrified oocytes for 3 h. Afterward, the oocytes were fertilized in vitro using frozen bull semen and presumptive zygotes were cultured in the B2 Menezo medium in a co-culture with BRL-1 cells at 38.5 °C and 5% CO2 until the blastocyst stage. AX addition significantly reduced ROS formation, lipid peroxidation, and lysosomal activity, while increasing mitochondrial activity in vitrified oocytes. Although the effect of AX on embryo development was not observed, it stimulated cell proliferation in the blastocysts derived from vitrified oocytes and improved their quality by upregulation or downregulation of some genes related to apoptosis (BCL2, CAS9), oxidative stress (GPX4, CDX2), and development (GJB5) compared to the vitrified group without AX. Therefore, the antioxidant properties of astaxanthin even during short exposure to bovine vitrified/warmed oocytes resulted in improved blastocyst quality comparable to those from fresh oocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Dujíčková
- Research Institute for Animal Production Nitra, National Agricultural and Food Centre (NPPC), Hlohovecká 2, 951 41 Lužianky, Slovakia; (L.D.); (L.O.); (A.V.M.); (P.C.)
| | - Lucia Olexiková
- Research Institute for Animal Production Nitra, National Agricultural and Food Centre (NPPC), Hlohovecká 2, 951 41 Lužianky, Slovakia; (L.D.); (L.O.); (A.V.M.); (P.C.)
| | - Alexander V. Makarevich
- Research Institute for Animal Production Nitra, National Agricultural and Food Centre (NPPC), Hlohovecká 2, 951 41 Lužianky, Slovakia; (L.D.); (L.O.); (A.V.M.); (P.C.)
| | - Alexandra Rosenbaum Bartková
- Department of Botany and Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Informatics, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 1, 949 01 Nitra, Slovakia;
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Institute for Animal Physiology, Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rumburská 89, 277 21 Liběchov, Czech Republic;
| | - Lucie Němcová
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology, Institute for Animal Physiology, Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rumburská 89, 277 21 Liběchov, Czech Republic;
| | - Peter Chrenek
- Research Institute for Animal Production Nitra, National Agricultural and Food Centre (NPPC), Hlohovecká 2, 951 41 Lužianky, Slovakia; (L.D.); (L.O.); (A.V.M.); (P.C.)
- Institute of Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Science, Slovak Agricultural University in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 2, 949 76 Nitra, Slovakia
| | - František Strejček
- Department of Botany and Genetics, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Informatics, Constantine the Philosopher University in Nitra, Tr. A. Hlinku 1, 949 01 Nitra, Slovakia;
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Yu X, Ren P, Yang R, Yue H, Tang Q, Xue C. Astaxanthin Ameliorates Skeletal Muscle Atrophy in Mice With Cancer Cachexia. Nutr Cancer 2024; 76:529-542. [PMID: 38567899 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2024.2335584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
Astaxanthin (AST) is a natural marine carotenoid with a variety of biological activities. This study aimed to demonstrate the possible mechanisms by which AST improves skeletal muscle atrophy in cancer cachexia. In this study, the effects of different doses of AST (30 mg/kg b.w., 60 mg/kg b.w. and 120 mg/kg b.w.) on skeletal muscle functions were explored in mice with cancer cachexia. The results showed that AST (30, 60 and 120 mg/kg b.w.) could effectively protect cachexia mice from body weight and skeletal muscle loss. AST dose-dependently ameliorated the decrease in myofibres cross-sectional area and increased the expression of myosin heavy chain (MHC). AST treatment decreased both the serum and muscle level of IL-6 but not TNF-α in C26 tumor-bearing cachexia mice. Moreover, AST alleviated skeletal muscle atrophy by decreasing the expression of two muscle-specific E3 ligases MAFBx and MuRF-1. AST improved mitochondrial function by downregulating the levels of muscle Fis1, LC3B and Bax, upregulating the levels of muscle Mfn2 and Bcl-2. In conclusion, our study show that AST might be expected to be a nutritional supplement for cancer cachexia patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Shandong, Qingdao, China
| | - Pengfei Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Shandong, Qingdao, China
| | - Ruzhen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Shandong, Qingdao, China
| | - Han Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Shandong, Qingdao, China
| | - Qingjuan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Shandong, Qingdao, China
| | - Changhu Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Shandong, Qingdao, China
- Laboratory of Marine Drugs and Biological Products, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
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Thepthanee C, Ei ZZ, Benjakul S, Zou H, Petsri K, Innets B, Chanvorachote P. Shrimp Lipids Inhibit Migration, Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition, and Cancer Stem Cells via Akt/mTOR/c-Myc Pathway Suppression. Biomedicines 2024; 12:722. [PMID: 38672078 PMCID: PMC11048134 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12040722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Shrimp is a rich source of bioactive molecules that provide health benefits. However, the high cholesterol content in shrimp oil may pose a risk. We utilized the cholesterol elimination method to obtain cholesterol-free shrimp lipids (CLs) and investigated their anticancer potential, focusing on cancer stem cells (CSCs) and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Our study focused on CSCs and EMT, as these factors are known to contribute to cancer metastasis. The results showed that treatment with CLs at doses ranging from 0 to 500 µg/mL significantly suppressed the cell migration ability of human lung cancer (H460 and H292) cells, indicating its potential to inhibit cancer metastasis. The CLs at such concentrations did not cause cytotoxicity to normal human keratinocytes. Additionally, CL treatment was found to significantly reduce the levels of Snail, Slug, and Vimentin, which are markers of EMT. Furthermore, we investigated the effect of CLs on CSC-like phenotypes and found that CLs could significantly suppress the formation of a three-dimensional (3D) tumor spheroid in lung cancer cells. Furthermore, CLs induced apoptosis in the CSC-rich population and significantly depleted the levels of CSC markers CD133, CD44, and Sox2. A mechanistic investigation demonstrated that exposing lung cancer cells to CLs downregulated the phosphorylation of Akt and mTOR, as well as c-Myc expression. Based on these findings, we believe that CLs may have beneficial effects on health as they potentially suppress EMT and CSCs, as well as the cancer-potentiating pathway of Akt/mTOR/c-Myc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chorpaka Thepthanee
- Department of Food Science, School of Food Industry, King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang, Bangkok 10520, Thailand;
| | - Zin Zin Ei
- Center of Excellence in Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (Z.Z.E.); (B.I.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Soottawat Benjakul
- International Center of Excellence in Seafood Science and Innovation, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkhla University, Songkhla 90110, Thailand;
| | - Hongbin Zou
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China;
| | - Korrakod Petsri
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, Thailand;
| | - Bhurichaya Innets
- Center of Excellence in Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (Z.Z.E.); (B.I.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Pithi Chanvorachote
- Center of Excellence in Cancer Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (Z.Z.E.); (B.I.)
- Department of Pharmacology and Physiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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Ranjbary F, Fathi F, Pakchin PS, Maleki S. Astaxanthin Binding Affinity to DNA: Studied By Fluorescence, Surface Plasmon Resonance and Molecular Docking Methods. J Fluoresc 2024; 34:755-764. [PMID: 37358756 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-023-03310-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Carotenoid astaxanthin (Ax), a pink-red pigment, with its anti-oxidative feature, is useful as a therapeutic element for numerous diseases. The purpose of this study is to investigate the binding affinity of Ax to double strand (ds) DNA evaluated by using the fluorescence spectroscopy, surface plasmon resonance (SPR) and docking approaches. The fluorescence results show that Ax can quench the intensity of DNA fluorescence via a static quenching way. In the SPR method, for affinity evaluation, DNA molecules were attached on a gold sensor surface. Using different amounts of ds DNA, the kinetic values KD, KA, and Ka were calculated. The Van't Hoff equation was used to estimate thermodynamic parameters including enthalpy (∆H), entropy (∆S) and Gibbs free energy (∆G) changes. The obtained results for KD in SPR (6.89×10-5 M) and fluorescence (KD=0.76×10-5 M) methods were in line with each other. Thermodynamic studies were carried out at four different temperatures, and the resulted negative data for ΔH and ΔS displayed that the main binding strength in the interaction of Ax with DNA was hydrogen bonding. ΔG value calculated by fluorescence method was near -38 kJ. mol-1 and using the docking method, estimated -9.95 kcal. mol-1 (-41.63 kJ. mol-1) which shows the binding behavior has an exothermic and spontaneous mechanism. Molecular docking results confirmed that the side chains of Ax interact specifically with base pairs and the DNA backbone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farideh Ranjbary
- Traditional Medicine and Hydrotherapy Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Fathi
- Biosensor Sciences and Technologies Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Sciences, Ardabil, Iran.
| | - Parvin Samadi Pakchin
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Somaiyeh Maleki
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
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Ren P, Tang Q, He X, Xu J, Wang Y, Xue C. Astaxanthin Augmented the Anti-Hepatocellular Carcinoma Efficacy of Sorafenib Through the Inhibition of the JAK2/STAT3 Signaling Pathway and Mitigation of Hypoxia within the Tumor Microenvironment. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2300569. [PMID: 38059808 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE The optimization of anti-cancer drug effectiveness through dietary modifications has garnered significant attention among researchers in recent times. Astaxanthin (AST) has been identified as a safe and biologically active dietary supplement. METHODS AND RESULTS The tumor-bearing mice are treated with sorafenib, along with supplementation of 60 mg kg-1 AST during the treatment. The coadministration of AST and a subclinical dosage of 10 mg kg-1 sorafenib demonstrates a tumor inhibition rate of 76.5%, which is notably superior to the 45% inhibition rate observed with the clinical dosage of 30 mg kg-1 sorafenib (p < 0.05). The administration of AST leads to a tumor inhibition increase of around 25% when combined with the clinical dose of 30 mg kg-1 sorafenib (p <0.05). AST enhances the inhibitory effect of sorafenib on tumor angiogenesis through the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Furthermore, AST exhibits a reduction in hypoxia within the tumor microenvironment. CONCLUSION The results suggest that AST supplement enhances the inhibitory effects of sorafenib on hepatocellular carcinoma. This study presents a new dietary management program for oncology patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Qingjuan Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Xinjia He
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Jie Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuming Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Changhu Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Food Processing & Safety Control, College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
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Sharma N, Shekhar P, Kumar V, Kaur H, Jayasena V. Microbial pigments: Sources, current status, future challenges in cosmetics and therapeutic applications. J Basic Microbiol 2024; 64:4-21. [PMID: 37861279 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202300214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
Color serves as the initial attraction and offers a pleasing aspect. While synthetic colorants have been popular for many years, their adverse environmental and health effects cannot be overlooked. This necessitates the search for natural colorants, especially microbial colorants, which have proven and more effective. Pigment-producing microorganisms offer substantial benefits. Natural colors improve product marketability and bestow additional benefits, including antioxidant, antiaging, anticancer, antiviral, antimicrobial, and antitumor properties. This review covers the various types of microbial pigments, the methods to enhance their production, and their cosmetic and therapeutic applications. We also address the challenges faced during the commercial production of microbial pigments and propose potential solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Sharma
- Chandigarh Group of Colleges, Landran, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | | | - Vikas Kumar
- University Institute of Biotechnology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Harpreet Kaur
- Chandigarh Group of Colleges, Landran, Mohali, Punjab, India
| | - Vijay Jayasena
- School of Science and Health, Western Sydney University, Penrith, New South Wales, Australia
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Azelee NIW, Dahiya D, Ayothiraman S, Noor NM, Rasid ZIA, Ramli ANM, Ravindran B, Iwuchukwu FU, Selvasembian R. Sustainable valorization approaches on crustacean wastes for the extraction of chitin, bioactive compounds and their applications - A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 253:126492. [PMID: 37634772 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.126492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
The unscientific disposal of the most abundant crustacean wastes, especially those derived from marine sources, affects both the economy and the environment. Strategic waste collection and management is the need of the hour. Sustainable valorization approaches have played a crucial role in solving those issues as well as generating wealth from waste. The shellfishery wastes are rich in valuable bioactive compounds such as chitin, chitosan, minerals, carotenoids, lipids, and other amino acid derivatives. These value-added components possessed pleiotropic applications in different sectors viz., food, nutraceutical, cosmeceutical, agro-industrial, healthcare, and pharmaceutical sectors. The manuscript covers the recent status, scope of shellfishery management, and different bioactive compounds obtained from crustacean wastes. In addition, both sustainable and conventional routes of valorization approaches were discussed with their merits and demerits along with their combinations. The utilization of nano and microtechnology was also included in the discussion, as they have become prominent research areas in recent years. More importantly, the future perspectives of crustacean waste management and other potential valorization approaches that can be implemented on a large scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Izyan Wan Azelee
- Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia; Institute of Bioproduct Development (IBD), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Digvijay Dahiya
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Andhra Pradesh, Tadepalligudem 534101, West Godavari Dist, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Seenivasan Ayothiraman
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology Andhra Pradesh, Tadepalligudem 534101, West Godavari Dist, Andhra Pradesh, India.
| | - Norhayati Mohamed Noor
- Institute of Bioproduct Development (IBD), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia; UTM Innovation & Commercialisation Centre, Industry Centre, UTM Technovation Park, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Zaitul Iffa Abd Rasid
- UTM Research Ethics Committee, Department of Vice-Chancellor (Research and Innovation), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia
| | - Aizi Nor Mazila Ramli
- Faculty of Industrial Science and Technology, University Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah (UMPSA), Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300 Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang Darul Makmur, Malaysia; Bio Aromatic Research Centre of Excellence, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah (UMPSA), Lebuhraya Tun Razak, 26300 Gambang, Kuantan, Pahang Darul Makmur, Malaysia
| | - Balasubramani Ravindran
- Department of Environmental Energy and Engineering, Kyonggi University, Yeongtong-Gu, Suwon, Gyeonggi-Do 16227, South Korea
| | - Felicitas U Iwuchukwu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, P.M.B 5025, Awka, Nigeria; Department of Industrial Engineering, Clemson University 29631, South Carolina USA
| | - Rangabhashiyam Selvasembian
- Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, School of Engineering and Sciences, SRM University-AP, Amaravati, Andhra Pradesh 522240, India.
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Ciapała K, Mika J. Advances in Neuropathic Pain Research: Selected Intracellular Factors as Potential Targets for Multidirectional Analgesics. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1624. [PMID: 38004489 PMCID: PMC10675751 DOI: 10.3390/ph16111624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain is a complex and debilitating condition that affects millions of people worldwide. Unlike acute pain, which is short-term and starts suddenly in response to an injury, neuropathic pain arises from somatosensory nervous system damage or disease, is usually chronic, and makes every day functioning difficult, substantially reducing quality of life. The main reason for the lack of effective pharmacotherapies for neuropathic pain is its diverse etiology and the complex, still poorly understood, pathophysiological mechanism of its progression. Numerous experimental studies, including ours, conducted over the last several decades have shown that the development of neuropathic pain is based on disturbances in cell activity, imbalances in the production of pronociceptive factors, and changes in signaling pathways such as p38MAPK, ERK, JNK, NF-κB, PI3K, and NRF2, which could become important targets for pharmacotherapy in the future. Despite the availability of many different analgesics, relieving neuropathic pain is still extremely difficult and requires a multidirectional, individual approach. We would like to point out that an increasing amount of data indicates that nonselective compounds directed at more than one molecular target exert promising analgesic effects. In our review, we characterize four substances (minocycline, astaxanthin, fisetin, and peimine) with analgesic properties that result from a wide spectrum of actions, including the modulation of MAPKs and other factors. We would like to draw attention to these selected substances since, in preclinical studies, they show suitable analgesic properties in models of neuropathy of various etiologies, and, importantly, some are already used as dietary supplements; for example, astaxanthin and fisetin protect against oxidative stress and have anti-inflammatory properties. It is worth emphasizing that the results of behavioral tests also indicate their usefulness when combined with opioids, the effectiveness of which decreases when neuropathy develops. Moreover, these substances appear to have additional, beneficial properties for the treatment of diseases that frequently co-occur with neuropathic pain. Therefore, these substances provide hope for the development of modern pharmacological tools to not only treat symptoms but also restore the proper functioning of the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Joanna Mika
- Department of Pain Pharmacology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 12 Smetna Str., 31-343 Kraków, Poland;
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Seeger J, Wendisch VF, Henke NA. Extraction and Purification of Highly Active Astaxanthin from Corynebacterium glutamicum Fermentation Broth. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:530. [PMID: 37888465 PMCID: PMC10608131 DOI: 10.3390/md21100530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The marine carotenoid astaxanthin is one of the strongest natural antioxidants and therefore is used in a broad range of applications such as cosmetics or nutraceuticals. To meet the growing market demand, the natural carotenoid producer Corynebacterium glutamicum has been engineered to produce astaxanthin by heterologous expression of genes from the marine bacterium Fulvimarina pelagi. To exploit this promising source of fermentative and natural astaxanthin, an efficient extraction process using ethanol was established in this study. Appropriate parameters for ethanol extraction were identified by screening ethanol concentration (62.5-97.5% v/v), temperature (30-70 °C) and biomass-to-solvent ratio (3.8-19.0 mgCDW/mLsolvent). The results demonstrated that the optimal extraction conditions were: 90% ethanol, 60 °C, and a biomass-to-solvent ratio of 5.6 mgCDW/mLsolvent. In total, 94% of the cellular astaxanthin was recovered and the oleoresin obtained contained 9.4 mg/g astaxanthin. With respect to other carotenoids, further purification of the oleoresin by column chromatography resulted in pure astaxanthin (100%, HPLC). In addition, a 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay showed similar activities compared to esterified astaxanthin from microalgae and a nine-fold higher antioxidative activity than synthetic astaxanthin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nadja A. Henke
- Genetics of Prokaryotes, CeBiTec, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
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Delgado-Gonzalez P, Garza-Treviño EN, de la Garza Kalife DA, Quiroz Reyes A, Hernández-Tobías EA. Bioactive Compounds of Dietary Origin and Their Influence on Colorectal Cancer as Chemoprevention. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1977. [PMID: 37895359 PMCID: PMC10608661 DOI: 10.3390/life13101977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common causes of death and the third most diagnosed cancer worldwide. The tumor microenvironment and cancer stem cells participate in colorectal tumor progression and can dictate malignancy. Nutrition status affects treatment response and the progression or recurrence of the tumor. This review summarizes the main bioactive compounds against the molecular pathways related to colorectal carcinogenesis. Moreover, we focus on the compounds with chemopreventive properties, mainly polyphenols and carotenoids, which are highly studied dietary bioactive compounds present in major types of food, like vegetables, fruits, and seeds. Their proprieties are antioxidant and gut microbiota modulation, important in the intestine because they decrease reactive oxygen species and inflammation, both principal causes of cancer. These compounds can promote apoptosis and inhibit cell growth, proliferation, and migration. Combined with oncologic treatment, a sensitization to first-line colorectal chemotherapy schemes, such as FOLFOX and FOLFIRI, is observed, making them an attractive and natural support in the oncologic treatment of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paulina Delgado-Gonzalez
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Monterrey 6440, Mexico; (E.N.G.-T.); (D.A.d.l.G.K.); (A.Q.R.)
| | - Elsa N. Garza-Treviño
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Monterrey 6440, Mexico; (E.N.G.-T.); (D.A.d.l.G.K.); (A.Q.R.)
| | - David A. de la Garza Kalife
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Monterrey 6440, Mexico; (E.N.G.-T.); (D.A.d.l.G.K.); (A.Q.R.)
| | - Adriana Quiroz Reyes
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Medicina Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León (UANL), Monterrey 6440, Mexico; (E.N.G.-T.); (D.A.d.l.G.K.); (A.Q.R.)
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12
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Kaçar S, Semerci Sevimli T, Şahintürk V. SPC212 human mesothelioma cells underwent apoptosis, oxidative stress, and morphological deformation following Astaxanthin treatment. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2023; 37:e23415. [PMID: 37345684 DOI: 10.1002/jbt.23415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Astaxanthin (ASX) is one of the keto-carotenoids, which is biologically more active than other counterparts. Besides its variety of beneficial effects, it was reported to exert anticancer effects. Despite its utilization against different cancer types, the effect of ASX on mesothelioma has yet to be well-studied. In this study, our goal is to ascertain how ASX will affect SPC212 human mesothelioma cells. First, the effective doses of ASX against SPC212 cells were investigated by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) test. Thereafter, with flow cytometry analysis, Annexin-V and caspase 3/7 assay were implemented for the evaluation of apoptotic cell death and an oxidative stress test was carried out to determine how the free radicals changed. Ultimately, the cells' morphology was examined under a light microscope. The effective doses of ASX were found as 50, 100, and 200 µM. In the Annexin V assay, the total apoptosis increased to around 12%, 30%, and 45% with increasing doses of ASX. In the caspase 3/7 assay, the total apoptosis was around 25% and 38% at 100 and 200 µM. In oxidative stress analysis, reactive oxygen species-positive cells rose from 4.54 at the lowest dose to 86.95 at the highest dose. In morphological analysis, cellular shrinkage, decrease in cell density, swelling and vacuolations in some cells, membrane blebbing, and apoptotic bodies are observed in ASX-treated cells. To conclude, the current study provided insights into the efficacy and effects of ASX against SPC212 mesothelioma cells regarding morphology, proliferation, and cell death for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedat Kaçar
- Department of Surgery, Indiana Center for Regenerative Medicine and Engineering, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, USA
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Tuğba Semerci Sevimli
- Department of Cellular Therapy and Stem Cell Production, Application and Research Center (ESTEM), Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Varol Şahintürk
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir, Turkey
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Rosas-Saavedra C, Quiroz LF, Parra S, Gonzalez-Calquin C, Arias D, Ocarez N, Lopez F, Stange C. Putative Daucus carota Capsanthin-Capsorubin Synthase (DcCCS) Possesses Lycopene β-Cyclase Activity, Boosts Carotenoid Levels, and Increases Salt Tolerance in Heterologous Plants. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2788. [PMID: 37570943 PMCID: PMC10421225 DOI: 10.3390/plants12152788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Plant carotenoids are synthesized and accumulated in plastids through a highly regulated pathway. Lycopene β-cyclase (LCYB) is a key enzyme involved directly in the synthesis of α-carotene and β-carotene through the cyclization of trans-lycopene. Daucus carota harbors two LCYB genes, of which DcLCYB2 (annotated as CCS-Like) is mostly expressed in mature storage roots, an organ that accumulates high α-carotene and β-carotene content. In this work, we determined that DcLCYB2 of the orange Nantes variety presents plastid localization and encodes for a functional LCYB enzyme determined by means of heterologous complementation in Escherichia coli. Also, ectopic expression of DcLCYB2 in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) and kiwi (Actinidia deliciosa) plants increases total carotenoid content showing its functional role in plants. In addition, transgenic tobacco T2 homozygous plants showed better performance under chronic salt treatment, while kiwi transgenic calli also presented a higher survival rate under salt treatments than control calli. Our results allow us to propose DcLCYB2 as a prime candidate to engineer carotenoid biofortified crops as well as crops resilient to saline environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Rosas-Saavedra
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago 7750000, Chile; (C.R.-S.); (L.F.Q.); (S.P.); (C.G.-C.); (D.A.); (N.O.); (F.L.)
| | - Luis Felipe Quiroz
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago 7750000, Chile; (C.R.-S.); (L.F.Q.); (S.P.); (C.G.-C.); (D.A.); (N.O.); (F.L.)
- Genetics & Biotechnology Lab, Plant & AgriBiosciences Research Centre (PABC), Ryan Institute, University of Galway, University Road, H91 REW4 Galway, Ireland
| | - Samuel Parra
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago 7750000, Chile; (C.R.-S.); (L.F.Q.); (S.P.); (C.G.-C.); (D.A.); (N.O.); (F.L.)
| | - Christian Gonzalez-Calquin
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago 7750000, Chile; (C.R.-S.); (L.F.Q.); (S.P.); (C.G.-C.); (D.A.); (N.O.); (F.L.)
| | - Daniela Arias
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago 7750000, Chile; (C.R.-S.); (L.F.Q.); (S.P.); (C.G.-C.); (D.A.); (N.O.); (F.L.)
| | - Nallat Ocarez
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago 7750000, Chile; (C.R.-S.); (L.F.Q.); (S.P.); (C.G.-C.); (D.A.); (N.O.); (F.L.)
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias (INIA), La Platina, Research Centre, Av. Santa Rosa 11610, Santiago 8820000, Chile
| | - Franco Lopez
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago 7750000, Chile; (C.R.-S.); (L.F.Q.); (S.P.); (C.G.-C.); (D.A.); (N.O.); (F.L.)
| | - Claudia Stange
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago 7750000, Chile; (C.R.-S.); (L.F.Q.); (S.P.); (C.G.-C.); (D.A.); (N.O.); (F.L.)
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14
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Morilla MJ, Ghosal K, Romero EL. More Than Pigments: The Potential of Astaxanthin and Bacterioruberin-Based Nanomedicines. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:1828. [PMID: 37514016 PMCID: PMC10385456 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15071828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids are natural products regulated by the food sector, currently used as feed dyes and as antioxidants in dietary supplements and composing functional foods for human consumption. Of the nearly one thousand carotenoids described to date, only retinoids, derived from beta carotene, have the status of a drug and are regulated by the pharmaceutical sector. In this review, we address a novel field: the transformation of xanthophylls, particularly the highly marketed astaxanthin and the practically unknown bacterioruberin, in therapeutic agents by altering their pharmacokinetics, biodistribution, and pharmacodynamics through their formulation as nanomedicines. The antioxidant activity of xanthophylls is mediated by routes different from those of the classical oral anti-inflammatory drugs such as corticosteroids and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs): remarkably, xanthophylls lack therapeutic activity but also lack toxicity. Formulated as nanomedicines, xanthophylls gain therapeutic activity by mechanisms other than increased bioavailability. Loaded into ad hoc tailored nanoparticles to protect their structure throughout storage and during gastrointestinal transit or skin penetration, xanthophylls can be targeted and delivered to selected inflamed cell groups, achieving a massive intracellular concentration after endocytosis of small doses of formulation. Most first reports showing the activities of oral and topical anti-inflammatory xanthophyll-based nanomedicines against chronic diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease, psoriasis, atopic dermatitis, and dry eye disease emerged between 2020 and 2023. Here we discuss in detail their preclinical performance, mostly targeted vesicular and polymeric nanoparticles, on cellular models and in vivo. The results, although preliminary, are auspicious enough to speculate upon their potential use for oral or topical administration in the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Jose Morilla
- Nanomedicine Research and Development Centre (NARD), Science and Technology Department, National University of Quilmes, Roque Saenz Peña 352, Bernal 1876, Argentina
| | - Kajal Ghosal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, 188, Raja Subodh Chandra Mallick Rd., Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India
| | - Eder Lilia Romero
- Nanomedicine Research and Development Centre (NARD), Science and Technology Department, National University of Quilmes, Roque Saenz Peña 352, Bernal 1876, Argentina
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Abdelazim K, Ghit A, Assal D, Dorra N, Noby N, Khattab SN, El Feky SE, Hussein A. Production and therapeutic use of astaxanthin in the nanotechnology era. Pharmacol Rep 2023:10.1007/s43440-023-00488-y. [PMID: 37179259 PMCID: PMC10182848 DOI: 10.1007/s43440-023-00488-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Astaxanthin (AXT) is a red fat-soluble pigment found naturally in aquatic animals, plants, and various microorganisms and can be manufactured artificially using chemical catalysis. AXT is a xanthophyll carotenoid with a high potential for scavenging free radicals. Several studies have investigated AXT efficacy against diseases such as neurodegenerative, ocular, skin, and cardiovascular hypertension, diabetes, gastrointestinal and liver diseases, and immuno-protective functions. However, its poor solubility, low stability to light and oxygen, and limited bioavailability are major obstacles hindering its wide applications as a therapeutic agent or nutritional supplement. Incorporating AXT with nanocarriers holds great promise in enhancing its physiochemical properties. Nanocarriers are delivery systems with several benefits, including surface modification, bioactivity, and targeted medication delivery and release. Many approaches have been applied to enhance AXT's medicinal effect, including solid lipid nanoparticles, nanostructured lipid carriers (NLCs) and polymeric nanospheres. AXT nano-formulations have demonstrated a high antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect, significantly affecting cancer in different organs. This review summarizes the most recent data on AXT production, characterization, biological activity, and therapeutic usage, focusing on its uses in the nanotechnology era.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karim Abdelazim
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Amr Ghit
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
- Department of Medicine and Aging Sciences, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Center for Advanced Studies and Technology, "G. d'Annunzio" University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Dina Assal
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
- Department of Biology, Biotechnology Program, American University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Neamat Dorra
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University, Arish, Egypt
| | - Nehad Noby
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Sherine N Khattab
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Shaymaa Essam El Feky
- Radiation Sciences Department, Medical Research Institute, University of Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Hussein
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
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Lv Y, Sun X, Jia H, Hao R, Jan M, Xu X, Li S, Dong X, Pan J. Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) oil high internal phase emulsions improved the lipid quality and gel properties of surimi gel. Food Chem 2023; 423:136352. [PMID: 37182492 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
In the study, high internal phase emulsions (HIPEs) prepared from Antarctic krill oil (AKO) were added into surimi and the effects on gel properties, lipid quality and stability were investigated. It is found that HIPEs-added groups exhibited higher gel strength and lower cooking loss than Oil-added counterparts. HIPEs-added groups had higher proportion of capillary water, and microstructure of HIPEs-added gels showed fewer large voids and small size droplets. HIPEs-added groups also showed less pronounced myosin heavy chain band. HIPEs- and Oil-added gels showed > 3500 mg/kg EPA + DHA and 0.4-0.8 mg/kg astaxanthin, and most HIPEs-added groups had higher levels of them but lower TBARS values. Results suggest AKO-HIPEs could reduce the intervention by lipids on myosin crosslinking during gelation, and protect fatty acids and asxtanthin from oxidation due to oxygen-isolation led by their high accumulation. Thus, AKO-HIPEs can be applied to fortify ω-3 PUFA and maintain good gel properties in surimi product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinyin Lv
- National Engineering Research Center for Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Provincial and Ministerial Co-construction for Seafood Deep Processing, Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center for Marine Food Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Xiaosong Sun
- National Engineering Research Center for Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Provincial and Ministerial Co-construction for Seafood Deep Processing, Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center for Marine Food Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Hui Jia
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Institute of Aquaculture and Protection of Waters, České Budějovice 370 05, Czech Republic
| | - Ruoyi Hao
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Institute of Aquaculture and Protection of Waters, České Budějovice 370 05, Czech Republic
| | - Mráz Jan
- University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Waters, South Bohemian Research Center of Aquaculture and Biodiversity of Hydrocenoses, Institute of Aquaculture and Protection of Waters, České Budějovice 370 05, Czech Republic
| | - Xianbing Xu
- National Engineering Research Center for Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Provincial and Ministerial Co-construction for Seafood Deep Processing, Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center for Marine Food Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Shengjie Li
- National Engineering Research Center for Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Provincial and Ministerial Co-construction for Seafood Deep Processing, Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center for Marine Food Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Xiuping Dong
- National Engineering Research Center for Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Provincial and Ministerial Co-construction for Seafood Deep Processing, Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center for Marine Food Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Jinfeng Pan
- National Engineering Research Center for Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Provincial and Ministerial Co-construction for Seafood Deep Processing, Liaoning Province Collaborative Innovation Center for Marine Food Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.
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Varghese R, Efferth T, Ramamoorthy S. Carotenoids for lung cancer chemoprevention and chemotherapy: Promises and controversies. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 116:154850. [PMID: 37187036 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lung cancer is one of the leading causes of malignancy in the world. Several therapeutical and chemopreventive approaches have been practised to mitigate the disease. The use of phytopigments including carotenoids is a well-known approach. However, some of the prominent clinical trials interrogated the efficacy of carotenoids in lung cancer prevention. METHODS A elaborate literature survey have been performed investigating in vitro, in vivo, and clinical studies reported on the administration of carotenoids for chemoprevention and chemotherapy. RESULTS Tobacco consumption, genetic factors, dietary patterns, occupational carcinogens, lung diseases, infection, and sex disparities are some of the prominent factors leading to lung cancer. Significant evidence has been found underlining the efficiency of carotenoids in alleviating cancer. In vitro studies have proven that carotenoids act through PI3K/ AKT/mTOR, ERK-MAPK pathways and induce apoptosis through PPAR, IFNs, RAR, which are p53 intermediators in lung cancer signaling. Animal models and cell lines studies showed promising results, while the outcomes of clinical trials are contradictory and require further verification. CONCLUSION The carotenoids exert chemotherapeutic and chemopreventive effects on lung tumors which has been evidenced in numerous investigations. However, further analyses are necessary to the answer the uncertainties raised by several clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ressin Varghese
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute, Technology, Vellore 632014, India
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
| | - Siva Ramamoorthy
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology, Vellore Institute, Technology, Vellore 632014, India.
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Rostami S, Alyasin A, Saedi M, Nekoonam S, Khodarahmian M, Moeini A, Amidi F. Astaxanthin ameliorates inflammation, oxidative stress, and reproductive outcomes in endometriosis patients undergoing assisted reproduction: A randomized, triple-blind placebo-controlled clinical trial. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1144323. [PMID: 37020589 PMCID: PMC10067663 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1144323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose In a randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial (RCT) including 50 infertile women with endometriosis candidate for assisted reproductive techniques (ART), we studied the effect of Astaxanthin (AST) on pro-inflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress (OS) markers, and early pregnancy outcomes. Methods Before and after 12 weeks of AST treatment (6 mg per day), blood serum and follicular fluid (FF) samples were collected from 50 infertile women with endometriosis stage III/IV undergoing ART. Pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α) and OS markers (malondialdehyde [MDA], superoxide dismutase [SOD], catalase [CAT], and total antioxidant capacity [TAC]) were measured in the serum and FF. ART outcomes were also compared between the groups. Results Increased serum levels of TAC (398.661 ± 57.686 vs. 364.746 ± 51.569; P = 0.004) and SOD (13.458 ± 7.276 vs. 9.040 ± 5.155; P = 0.010) were observed after AST therapy in the treatment group. Furthermore, serum MDA (14.619 ± 2.505 vs. 15.939 ± 1.512; P = 0.031) decreased significantly following antioxidant treatment. In addition, significantly lower serum levels of IL-1β (4.515 ± 0.907 vs. 6.8760 ± 0.8478; P = 0.000), IL-6 (5.516 ± 0.646 vs. 5.0543 ± 0.709; P = 0.024) and TNF-α (2.520 ± 0.525 vs. 2.968 ± 0.548; P = 0.038) were observed after AST treatment. In addition, AST supplementation led to an improved number of oocytes retrieved (14.60 ± 7.79 vs. 9.84 ± 6.44; P = 0.043), number of mature (MII) oocytes (10.48 ± 6.665 vs. 6.72 ± 4.3; P = 0.041), and high-quality embryos (4.52 ± 2.41 vs. 2.72 ± 2.40; P = 0.024). Conclusion AST pretreatment can modulate inflammation and OS in endometriosis-induced infertile patients. ART outcomes also improved after 12 weeks of AST therapy. Our results suggest that AST can be a potential therapeutic target for infertile patients with endometriosis undergoing ART.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Rostami
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ashraf Alyasin
- Department of Infertility, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Saedi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Nekoonam
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahshad Khodarahmian
- Department of Infertility, Arash Women’s Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ashraf Moeini
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Arash Women’s Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Endocrinology and Female Infertility, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, Academic Center for Education, Culture, and Research (ACECR), Tehran, Iran
| | - Fardin Amidi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Ponticelli M, Bellone ML, Parisi V, Iannuzzi A, Braca A, de Tommasi N, Russo D, Sileo A, Quaranta P, Freer G, Pistello M, Milella L. Specialized metabolites from plants as a source of new multi-target antiviral drugs: a systematic review. PHYTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS : PROCEEDINGS OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL SOCIETY OF EUROPE 2023; 22:1-79. [PMID: 37359711 PMCID: PMC10008214 DOI: 10.1007/s11101-023-09855-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Viral infections have always been the main global health challenge, as several potentially lethal viruses, including the hepatitis virus, herpes virus, and influenza virus, have affected human health for decades. Unfortunately, most licensed antiviral drugs are characterized by many adverse reactions and, in the long-term therapy, also develop viral resistance; for these reasons, researchers have focused their attention on investigating potential antiviral molecules from plants. Natural resources indeed offer a variety of specialized therapeutic metabolites that have been demonstrated to inhibit viral entry into the host cells and replication through the regulation of viral absorption, cell receptor binding, and competition for the activation of intracellular signaling pathways. Many active phytochemicals, including flavonoids, lignans, terpenoids, coumarins, saponins, alkaloids, etc., have been identified as potential candidates for preventing and treating viral infections. Using a systematic approach, this review summarises the knowledge obtained to date on the in vivo antiviral activity of specialized metabolites extracted from plant matrices by focusing on their mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ponticelli
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale Dell’ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Bellone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
- Ph.D. Program in Drug Discovery and Development, Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Valentina Parisi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
- Ph.D. Program in Drug Discovery and Development, Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Annamaria Iannuzzi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy
- Retrovirus Center, Virology Section, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandra Braca
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy
- Retrovirus Center, Virology Section, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Nunziatina de Tommasi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Daniela Russo
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale Dell’ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Annalisa Sileo
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale Dell’ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | | | - Giulia Freer
- Virology Unit, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Luigi Milella
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale Dell’ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
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20
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Yao Q, Ma J, Chen X, Zhao G, Zang J. A natural strategy for astaxanthin stabilization and color regulation: Interaction with proteins. Food Chem 2023; 402:134343. [PMID: 36174351 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The pigment astaxanthin, one of the carotenoids, is regarded as a functional factor with various biological activities, widely applied in feed, nutraceutical, and cosmetic industries. However, its low stability and poor water solubility limit its application. Examples in nature suggest that binding to proteins is a simple and effective method to improve the stability and bioavailability of astaxanthin. Proteins from algae, fish, and crustaceans have all been demonstrated to have astaxanthin-binding capacity. Inspired by nature, artificial astaxanthin-protein systems have been established in foods. Binding to proteins could bring aquatic species various colors, and changes in the conformation of astaxanthin after binding to proteins leads to color changes. The review innovatively summarizes multiple examples of proteins as means of protecting astaxanthin, giving a reference for exploring and analyzing pigment-protein interactions and providing a strategy for carotenoids stabilization and color regulation, which is beneficial to the broader and deeper applications of carotenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qimeng Yao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiaqi Ma
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuemin Chen
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Guanghua Zhao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
| | - Jiachen Zang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.
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21
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Yang CS, Guo XS, Yue YY, Wang Y, Jin XL. Astaxanthin Promotes the Survival of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells by Alleviating Oxidative Stress via Activating the Nrf2 Signaling Pathway. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043850. [PMID: 36835263 PMCID: PMC9959672 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The survival of free fat grafts is dependent primarily on adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs); however, ADSCs are susceptible to oxidative stress in the recipient area. Astaxanthin (Axt) is a natural xanthophyll carotenoid with potent antioxidant properties and numerous clinical applications. To date, the therapeutic potential of Axt in fat grafting has not been explored. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of Axt on oxidatively stressed ADSCs. An oxidative model of ADSCs was developed to simulate the host's microenvironment. Oxidative insult decreased the protein levels of Cyclin D1, type I collagen alpha 1 (COL1A1), and type II collagen alpha 1 (COL2A1), while increasing the expression of cleaved Caspase 3 and secretion of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in ADSCs. Axt pre-treatment significantly reduced oxidative stress, increased the synthesis of an adipose extracellular matrix, alleviated inflammation, and restored the impaired adipogenic potential in the present model. Furthermore, Axt immensely activated the NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) pathway, and ML385, an inhibitor of Nrf2, could negate Axt's protective effects. Additionally, Axt alleviated apoptosis by inhibiting bcl-2-associated X protein (BAX)/Caspase 3 signaling and improving the mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), which could also be abolished by ML385. Our results suggest that Axt may exert its cytoprotective effect on ADSCs through the Nrf2 signaling pathway and could be therapeutic in fat grafting.
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22
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Zhang X, Xu M, Cai S, Chen B, Lin H, Liu Z. Effects of astaxanthin on microRNA expression in a rat cardiomyocyte anoxia-reoxygenation model. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1103971. [PMID: 36817156 PMCID: PMC9936191 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1103971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The protective effects of astaxanthin against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injuries are well documented, although the mechanisms are not defined. Methods: The anoxia-reoxygenation injury model was established after astaxanthin treated H9c2 cells for 24 h. Cell viability, lactate dehydrogenase, oxidative stress level and western blot were tested. Secondly, measured the effects of astaxanthin pretreatment on microRNA expression in a rat myocardial cell anoxia-reoxygenation injury model. Results: After anoxia-reoxygenation injury, in a dose dependent manner, astaxanthin increased cell viability, superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase activity, decreased lactate dehydrogenase and malondialdehyde levels, downregulated protein expression of caspase-3, caspase-8, nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 and heme oxygenase-1, and upregulated the Bcl-2/Bax ratio. High-throughput sequencing and qPCR showed that microRNAs rno-miR-125b-5p and rno-let-7c-1-3p were differentially expressed (|log2| ≥ 0.585, q < 0.1) between the normal, anoxia-reoxygenation, and astaxanthin (1.25 μM) groups. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and GO Gene ontology pathway enrichment analyses showed that TNF signaling, axon guidance, NF-κB signaling pathway, and other pathways displayed differentially expressed microRNA target genes associated with myocardial injuries. Discussion: These results suggested that thetarget genes of rno-miR-125b-5p were enriched in inflammation and apoptosis-related signaling pathways. Also, the results imply that simultaneous targeting of these related signaling pathways could significantly prevent myocardial anoxia-reoxygenation injury in the presence of astaxanthin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Zhang
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Cultivation and High-Value Utilization of Marine Organisms in Fujian Province, Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, National Research and Development Center for Marine Fish Processing, Xiamen, China,Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, China
| | - Min Xu
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and High-Value Utilization of Marine Organisms in Fujian Province, Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, National Research and Development Center for Marine Fish Processing, Xiamen, China,College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, China
| | - Shuilin Cai
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and High-Value Utilization of Marine Organisms in Fujian Province, Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, National Research and Development Center for Marine Fish Processing, Xiamen, China
| | - Bei Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and High-Value Utilization of Marine Organisms in Fujian Province, Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, National Research and Development Center for Marine Fish Processing, Xiamen, China
| | - Hetong Lin
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China,Engineering Research Centre of Fujian-Taiwan Special Marine Food Processing and Nutrition, Ministry of Education, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhiyu Liu
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China,Key Laboratory of Cultivation and High-Value Utilization of Marine Organisms in Fujian Province, Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, National Research and Development Center for Marine Fish Processing, Xiamen, China,*Correspondence: Zhiyu Liu,
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23
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Highly Active Astaxanthin Production from Waste Molasses by Mutated Rhodosporidium toruloides G17. FERMENTATION-BASEL 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/fermentation9020148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Astaxanthin is increasingly attracting commercial interest for its application in the nutraceutical and pharmaceutical industries. This study aimed to produce astaxanthin from molasses with our newly mutated strain of Rhodosporidium toruloides G17 and to evaluate biological activities of the produced astaxanthin. To maximize the astaxanthin yield, the response surface methodology was used so as to optimize the culture conditions. A maximum astaxanthin yield of 1262.08 ± 14.58 µg/L was achieved by growing R. toruloides G17 in a molasses-based medium containing 49.39 g/L reducing sugar, 1.00 g/L urea, 4.15 g/L MgSO4·7H2O, and 10.05% inoculum ratio. The produced astaxanthin was then purified and studied for its antioxidant and anticancer activities. This compound exhibited 123-fold higher antioxidant activity than α-tocopherol, with an IC50 value of 0.97 ± 0.01 µg/mL. The astaxanthin also showed a potent inhibitory ability against the following three cancer cell lines: HeLa, A549, and MCF7, with IC50 values of 69.07 ± 2.4 µg/mL, 55.60 ± 2.64 µg/mL, and 56.38 ± 4.1 µg/mL, respectively. This study indicates that astaxanthin derived from our newly mutated R. toruloides G17 is a promising anticancer and antioxidant agent for further pharmaceutical applications.
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24
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Semenov AL, Tyndyk ML, Von JD, Ermakova ED, Dorofeeva AA, Tumanyan IA, Radetskaya EA, Yurova MN, Zherebker A, Gorbunov AY, Fedoros EI, Panchenko AV, Anisimov VN. Effects of Isoflavone-Rich NADES Extract of Pueraria lobata Roots and Astaxanthin-Rich Phaffia rhodozyma Extract on Prostate Carcinogenesis in Rats. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:564. [PMID: 36771648 PMCID: PMC9920470 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common male malignancies worldwide. In the current study, we evaluated the effects of a natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES) extract of Pueraria lobata roots rich in isoflavones (ISF) and Phaffia rhodozyma extract rich in astaxanthin (ASX) on an N-methyl-N-nitrosourea plus testosterone PCa model in rats. ISF consisted of puerarin, daidzein, genistein, formononetin and other polyphenols, while ASX contained lipids and unsaturated species in addition to astaxanthin. Extracts were administered through a whole promotion period in daily doses shown by our group to successfully inhibit benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) development - 200 mg/kg for ISF and 25 mg/kg for ASX. Though a similar effect was found for BPH processes accompanying PCa induction, the incidence of PCa in animals treated with placebo, ISF and ASX was 37%, 37% and 41%, respectively, showing no chemopreventive activity of ISF and ASX. PCa development was associated with a decrease in the Ca/Mg ratio in serum and an increase in prostate tissue. Treatment with both extracts produced a normalization effect on Ca balance in serum, which, combined with a decrease in the prostatic index, suggests some positive health effects of ISF and ASX.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander L. Semenov
- N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 197758 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Margarita L. Tyndyk
- N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 197758 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Julia D. Von
- N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 197758 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Elena D. Ermakova
- N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 197758 Saint Petersburg, Russia
- Institute of Biomedical Systems and Biotechnology, Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, 195251 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Anastasia A. Dorofeeva
- N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 197758 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Irina A. Tumanyan
- N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 197758 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Maria N. Yurova
- N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 197758 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - Alexander Yu. Gorbunov
- Research Institute of Hygiene, Occupational Pathology and Human Ecology, 188663 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Elena I. Fedoros
- N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 197758 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Andrey V. Panchenko
- N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 197758 Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Vladimir N. Anisimov
- N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology, 197758 Saint Petersburg, Russia
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25
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Protein-Based High Internal Phase Pickering Emulsions: A Review of Their Fabrication, Composition and Future Perspectives in the Food Industry. Foods 2023; 12:foods12030482. [PMID: 36766011 PMCID: PMC9914728 DOI: 10.3390/foods12030482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein-based high internal phase Pickering emulsions (HIPEs) are emulsions using protein particles as a stabilizer in which the volume fraction of the dispersed phase exceeds 74%. Stabilizers are irreversibly adsorbed at the interface of the oil phase and water phase to maintain the droplet structure. Protein-based HIPEs have shown great potential for a variety of fields, including foods, due to the wide range of materials, simple preparation, and good biocompatibility. This review introduces the preparation routes of protein-based HIPEs and summarizes and classifies the preparation methods of protein stabilizers according to their formation mechanism. Further outlined are the types and properties of protein stabilizers used in the present studies, the composition of the oil phase, the encapsulating substances, and the properties of the constituted protein-based HIPEs. Finally, future development of protein-based HIPEs was explored, such as the development of protein-based stabilizers, the improvement of emulsification technology, and the quality control of stabilizers and protein-based HIPEs.
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26
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A novel stepwise dilution strategy to improve astaxanthin production of Haematococcus pluvialis in outdoor horizontal tubular photobioreactors. ALGAL RES 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2023.102971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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27
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Wang G, Tian X, Liu L, Dong J. Astaxanthin Induces Apoptosis in Human Osteosarcoma MG-63 Cells. Folia Biol (Praha) 2023; 69:186-193. [PMID: 38583180 DOI: 10.14712/fb2023069050186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
We explored the mechanism of human osteosarcoma MG-63 cell apoptosis induced by asta-xanthin. The MTT assay was used to detect the effect of astaxanthin on cell viability. Morphological changes associated with apoptosis were observed after DAPI staining. Early and late stages of apoptosis were detected by flow cytometry with annexin V-FITC/PI staining. Activation of caspases-8, -9 and -3 was detected by enzyme activity in vitro. Changes in the mitochondrial membrane potential were detected by MitoCapture staining. Western blot was used to detect the cleavage of PARP, which is a caspase-3 substrate, the release of cytochrome c and Smac into the cytosol, the translocation of pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and Bak, and the expression of mitochondrial pathway-related proteins. The translocation of Bax was also detected by immunofluorescence assay. Astaxanthin significantly inhibited the viability of human osteosarcoma MG-63 cells with an IC50 value of 12.36 μg/ml. The DAPI-stained cells showed characteristic apoptotic morphological changes - cell shrinkage, cell membrane blebbing, nuclear condensation, and apoptotic body formation. Cytochrome c and Smac were released from mitochondria to the cytosol. Pro-apoptotic proteins Bax and Bak were rapidly translocated to mitochondria after six hours of astaxanthin action. Caspases-9 and -3 were activated and PARP was cleaved. The expression of anti-apoptotic proteins Bcl-2, Bcl-xL and XIAP was significantly decreased. Astaxanthin induced human osteosarcoma MG-63 cell apoptosis through the mitochondria-mediated endogenous apoptosis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangyu Wang
- Tianjin Hospital, Trauma Upper Limb 2 Department, Tianjin, China
| | - Xu Tian
- Tianjin Hospital, Trauma Upper Limb 2 Department, Tianjin, China
| | - Lintao Liu
- Tianjin Hospital, Trauma Upper Limb 2 Department, Tianjin, China
| | - Jingming Dong
- Tianjin Hospital, Trauma Upper Limb 2 Department, Tianjin, China.
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28
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Luo L, Huang F, Zhong S, Ding R, Su J, Li X. Astaxanthin attenuates ferroptosis via Keap1-Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathways in LPS-induced acute lung injury. Life Sci 2022; 311:121091. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2022.121091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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29
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The Role of Astaxanthin as a Nutraceutical in Health and Age-Related Conditions. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27217167. [PMID: 36363994 PMCID: PMC9655540 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27217167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The current review provides an up-to-date analysis of scientific data on astaxanthin (ASX) sources and experimental studies on its health benefits as a potent antioxidant in the aging process. ASX is a liposoluble carotenoid nutrient and reddish-orange pigment, naturally synthesized by numerous microalgae, yeasts, and bacteria as secondary metabolites. Provides a reddish hue to redfish and shellfish flesh that feed on ASX-producing microorganisms. The microalga Haematococcus pluvialis is the most important source for its industrial bioproduction. Due to its strong antioxidant properties, numerous investigations reported that natural ASX is a more significant antioxidant agent than other antioxidants, such as vitamin C, vitamin E, and β-carotene. Furthermore, several data show that ASX possesses important nutraceutical applications and health benefits, especially in healthy aging processes. However, further studies are needed for a deeper understanding of the potential mechanisms through which ASX could lead to its effective role in the healthy aging process, such as supporting brain health and skin homeostasis. This review highlights the current investigations on the effective role of ASX in oxidative stress, aging mechanisms, skin physiology, and central nervous system functioning, and shows the potential clinical implications related to its consumption.
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30
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Mussagy CU, Silva PG, Amantino CF, Burkert JF, Primo FL, Pessoa A, Santos-Ebinuma VC. Production of natural astaxanthin by Phaffia rhodozyma and its potential application in textile dyeing. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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31
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Mitra S, Emran TB, Chandran D, Zidan BMRM, Das R, Mamada SS, Masyita A, Salampe M, Nainu F, Khandaker MU, Idris AM, Simal-Gandara J. Cruciferous vegetables as a treasure of functional foods bioactive compounds: Targeting p53 family in gastrointestinal tract and associated cancers. Front Nutr 2022; 9:951935. [PMID: 35990357 PMCID: PMC9386315 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.951935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past few years, phytochemicals from natural products have gotten the boundless praise in treating cancer. The promising role of cruciferous vegetables and active components contained in these vegetables, such as isothiocyanates, indole-3-carbinol, and isothiocyanates, has been widely researched in experimental in vitro and in vivo carcinogenesis models. The chemopreventive agents produced from the cruciferous vegetables were recurrently proven to affect carcinogenesis throughout the onset and developmental phases of cancer formation. Likewise, findings from clinical investigations and epidemiological research supported this statement. The anticancer activities of these functional foods bioactive compounds are closely related to their ability to upregulate p53 and its related target genes, e.g., p21. As the “guardian of the genome,” the p53 family (p53, p63, and p73) plays a pivotal role in preventing the cancer progression associated with DNA damage. This review discusses the functional foods bioactive compounds derived from several cruciferous vegetables and their use in altering the tumor-suppressive effect of p53 proteins. The association between the mutation of p53 and the incidence of gastrointestinal malignancies (gastric, small intestine, colon, liver, and pancreatic cancers) is also discussed. This review contains crucial information about the use of cruciferous vegetables in the treatment of gastrointestinal tract malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Mitra
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong, Bangladesh.,Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Deepak Chandran
- Department of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Amrita School of Agricultural Sciences, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Rajib Das
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | - Ayu Masyita
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | | | - Firzan Nainu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Mayeen Uddin Khandaker
- Centre for Applied Physics and Radiation Technologies, School of Engineering and Technology, Sunway University, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abubakr M Idris
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia.,Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical Chemistry and Food Science, Faculty of Science, Universidade de Vigo, Ourense, Spain
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32
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Xu Y, Jia Z, Wang J, Sun J, Song R. Property and Stability of Astaxanthin Emulsion Based on Pickering Emulsion Templating with Zein and Sodium Alginate as Stabilizer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:9386. [PMID: 36012651 PMCID: PMC9408833 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23169386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Astaxanthin loaded Pickering emulsion with zein/sodium alginate (SA) as a stabilizer (named as APEs) was developed, and its structure and stability were characterized. The encapsulation efficiency of astaxanthin (Asta) in APEs was up to 86.7 ± 3.8%, with a mean particle size of 4.763 μm. Freeze-dried APEs showed particles stacked together under scanning electronic microscope; whereas dispersed spherical nanoparticles were observed in APEs dilution under transmission electron microscope images. Confocal laser scanning microscope images indicated that zein particles loaded with Asta were aggregated with SA coating. X-ray diffraction patterns and Fourier transform infrared spectra results showed that intermolecular hydrogen bonding, electrostatic attraction and hydrophobic effect were involved in APEs formation. APEs demonstrated non-Newtonian shear-thinning behavior and fit well to the Cross model. Compared to bare Asta extract, APEs maintained high Asta retention and antioxidant activity when heated from 50 to 10 °C. APEs showed different stability at pH (3.0-11.0) and Na+, K+, Ca2+, Cu2+ and Fe2+ conditions by visual, zeta potential and polydispersity index measurements. Additionally, the first order kinetics fit well to describe APEs degradation at pH 3.0 to 9.0, Na+, and K+ conditions. Our results suggest the potential application of Asta-loaded Pickering emulsion in food systems as a fortified additive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xu
- Key Laboratory of Health Risk Factors for Seafood of Zhejiang Province, School of Food Science and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Zhe Jia
- Key Laboratory of Health Risk Factors for Seafood of Zhejiang Province, School of Food Science and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
| | - Jiaxing Wang
- Research Office of Marine Biological Resources Utilization and Development, Zhejiang Marine Development Research Institute, Zhoushan 316021, China
| | - Jipeng Sun
- Research Office of Marine Biological Resources Utilization and Development, Zhejiang Marine Development Research Institute, Zhoushan 316021, China
| | - Ru Song
- Key Laboratory of Health Risk Factors for Seafood of Zhejiang Province, School of Food Science and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
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33
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Yu X, Jiang K, Zhang W, Dong S, Wu Y, Zhang G, Wu S, Chen T, Liu G. Purification, Identification, and Properties of a Novel Carotenoid Produced by Arthrobacter sp. QL17 Isolated from Mount Qomolangma. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081493. [PMID: 36009212 PMCID: PMC9404904 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The genus Arthrobacter is a source of many natural products that are critical in the development of new medicines. Here, we isolated a novel carotenoid from Arthrobacter sp. QL17 and characterized its properties. The carotenoid was extracted with methanol, and purified by column chromatography and semi-preparative HPLC. Based on micrOTOF-Q and NMR analyses, the pigment was chemically characterized as 2,2′-((((1E,3E,5E,7E,9E,11E,13E,15E,17E,19E)-3,7,14,18-tetramethylicosa-1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17,19-decaene-1,20-diyl)bis(2,2,4-trimethylcyclohex-3-ene-3,1-diyl)) bis(ethan-2-yl-1-ylidene))bi(propane-1,3-diol), and named arthroxanthin. The biological activities of arthroxanthin were evaluated with DPPH, ABTS and MTT assays. Arthroxanthin exhibited excellent radical scavenging properties, as shown for 2, 20-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2-n-(3, 2-ethyl-benzothiazole-6-sulfonic acid) ammonium salt (ABTS), respectively, with IC50s of 69.8 and 21.5 µg/mL. It also showed moderate anticancer activities against HepG2, Hela, MDAB-231, SW480, and MKN-45 with IC50 values of 107.6, 150.4, 143.4, 195.9, and 145.5 μg/mL, respectively. Therefore, arthroxanthin derived from Arthrobacter sp. QL17 may be a potent antioxidant and anticancer agent for food and pharmaceutical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Yu
- Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730030, China;
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Lanzhou 730030, China; (Y.W.); (G.Z.); (S.W.); (T.C.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kan Jiang
- Agronomy College, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China;
| | - Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730030, China;
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Lanzhou 730030, China; (Y.W.); (G.Z.); (S.W.); (T.C.)
- Correspondence: (W.Z.); (G.L.)
| | - Shuqing Dong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Chemistry of Northwestern Plant Resources and Key Laboratory for Natural Medicine of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730030, China;
| | - Yujie Wu
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Lanzhou 730030, China; (Y.W.); (G.Z.); (S.W.); (T.C.)
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Gaosen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Lanzhou 730030, China; (Y.W.); (G.Z.); (S.W.); (T.C.)
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Shiyu Wu
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Lanzhou 730030, China; (Y.W.); (G.Z.); (S.W.); (T.C.)
| | - Tuo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Lanzhou 730030, China; (Y.W.); (G.Z.); (S.W.); (T.C.)
- State Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Science, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Guangxiu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environment and Resources, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730030, China;
- Key Laboratory of Extreme Environmental Microbial Resources and Engineering, Lanzhou 730030, China; (Y.W.); (G.Z.); (S.W.); (T.C.)
- Correspondence: (W.Z.); (G.L.)
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Barati M, Jabbari M, Abdi Ghavidel A, Nikmehr P, Arzhang P, Aynehchi A, Babashahi M, Mosharkesh E, Roshanravan N, Shabani M, Davoodi SH. The engineered probiotics for the treatment of chronic diseases: A systematic review. J Food Biochem 2022; 46:e14343. [PMID: 35880960 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.14343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Engineered probiotics (EPs) are a group of probiotics whose proteome is manipulated by biotechnological techniques. EPs have attracted a lot of attention in recent researches for preventing and treating chronic diseases. The current study has been conducted to provide an overview regarding the EPs application in the treatment of chronic disease by a comprehensive systematic review of the published articles up to January 2022. To retrieve the related publications, three databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Sciences, and Scopus) were searched systematically. Finally, all human (n = 2) and animal (n = 37) studies were included. The included articles evaluated the effects of EPs on treatment of arthritis (n = 3), cancer (n = 2), autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE; n = 6), Parkinson disease (PD; n = 1), Alzheimer diseases (AD; n = 1), colitis (n = 11), celiac disease (n = 1), diabetes (n = 8) and cardiovascular disease (CVD; n = 6). Induction of oral tolerance (OT) is the most important mechanism of EPs action in the treatment of chronic disease. Providing oral vaccine and bioactive compounds are the other mechanisms of EPs action. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The current systematic review gathered evidence about the application of EPs in the treatment of chronic diseases. Evidence suggests that EPs have very broad and potent effects in the treatment of chronic and even genetic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meisam Barati
- Student Research Committee, Department of Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics, School of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoumeh Jabbari
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afshin Abdi Ghavidel
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Payman Nikmehr
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pishva Arzhang
- Qods Hospital, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Aydin Aynehchi
- Nutrition Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mina Babashahi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Erfan Mosharkesh
- Collage of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Neda Roshanravan
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mahdi Shabani
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sayed Hossein Davoodi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics, School of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Guan X, Zhang J, Xu N, Cai C, Lu Y, Liu Y, Dai W, Wang X, Nan B, Li X, Wang Y. Optimization of culture medium and scale-up production of astaxanthin using corn steep liquor as substrate by response surface methodology. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 53:443-453. [PMID: 35838518 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2022.2098324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Astaxanthin is a natural carotenoid with strong antioxidant activity. In this paper, the effects of carbon source, corn steep liquor, distiller grains, and initial pH on the growth and astaxanthin production of Phaffia rhodozyma D3 were evaluated. The optimal medium composition was 32 g/L glucose, 12 g/L corn steep liquor as nitrogen source, and the initial pH was 6.7. Phaffia rhodozyma D3 was cultured in a shake flask under these optimized conditions, the biomass was 6.47 g/L, the astaxanthin/OD475 was 15.16, and the astaxanthin content was 1.41 mg/g. The astaxanthin content was further increased to 4.70 mg/g by the combination of TiO2 stimulation and the expanding cultivation of P. rhodozyma D3 in a 5 L fermenter, which was 2.81 times that of the control group. Expanding fermentation implies the possibility of large-scale production in the astaxanthin industry. Corn steep liquor was used as an alternative nitrogen source to culture P. rhodozyma D3, which could both reduce the production cost of astaxanthin and increased the by-products utilization rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Guan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Na Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Chunyu Cai
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yanhong Lu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yankai Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Weichang Dai
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Xiujuan Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Bo Nan
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Xia Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - Yuhua Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,Jilin Province Innovation Center for Food Biological Manufacture, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China.,National Processing Laboratory for Soybean Industry and Technology, Changchun, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun, China
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Patil AD, Kasabe PJ, Dandge PB. Pharmaceutical and nutraceutical potential of natural bioactive pigment: astaxanthin. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2022; 12:25. [PMID: 35794254 PMCID: PMC9259778 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-022-00347-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Astaxanthin (3,3'-dihydroxy-β,β-carotene-4,4'-dione) is an orange-red, lipophilic keto-carotenoid pigment. It is majorly found in marine ecosystems particularly in aquatic animals such as salmon, shrimp, trout, krill, crayfish, and so on. It is also synthesized in microalgae Heamatococcus pluvialis, Chlorococcum, Chlorella zofingiensis, red yeast Phaffia rhodozyma and bacterium Paracoccus carotinifaciens. Some aquatic and terrestrial creatures regarded as a primary and secondary sources of the astaxanthin producing and accumulating it through their metabolic pathways. Astaxanthin is the powerful antioxidant, nutritional supplement as well as promising therapeutic compound, observed to have activities against different ravaging diseases and disorders. Researchers have reported remarkable bioactivities of astaxanthin against major non-communicable chronic diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, cancer, diabetes, neurodegenerative, and immune disorders. The current review discusses some structural aspects of astaxanthin. It further elaborates its multiple potencies such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-proliferative, anti-cancer, anti-obese, anti-diabetic, anti-ageing, anti-TB, anti-viral, anti-COVID 19, neuro-protective, nephro-protective, and fertility-enhancing properties. These potencies make it a more precious entity in the preventions as well as treatments of prevalent systematic diseases and/or disorders. Also, the review is acknowledging and documenting its powerful bioactivities in relation with the pharmaceutical as well as nutraceutical applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apurva D. Patil
- Department of Biochemistry, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, 416004 Maharashtra India
| | - Pramod J. Kasabe
- School of Nanoscience and Biotechnology, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, Maharashtra India
| | - Padma B. Dandge
- Department of Biochemistry, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, 416004 Maharashtra India
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Mussagy CU, Farias FO, Bila NM, Giannini MJ, Pereira JF, Santos-Ebinuma VC, Pessoa Jr A. Recovery of β-carotene and astaxanthin from Phaffia rhodozyma biomass using aqueous solutions of cholinium-based ionic liquids. Sep Purif Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2022.120852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Fei Z, Liao J, Fan F, Wan M, Bai W, He M, Li Y. Improving astaxanthin production by using multivariate statistical analysis to evaluate green cells of Haematococcus pluvialis. Biochem Eng J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2022.108456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Alateyah N, Ahmad SMS, Gupta I, Fouzat A, Thaher MI, Das P, Al Moustafa AE, Ouhtit A. Haematococcus pluvialis Microalgae Extract Inhibits Proliferation, Invasion, and Induces Apoptosis in Breast Cancer Cells. Front Nutr 2022; 9:882956. [PMID: 35634400 PMCID: PMC9130701 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.882956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignant cancer in females worldwide. Drug resistance, toxicity, and the failure of current therapies to completely cure BC has challenged conventional medicine. Consequently, complementary alternative medicine has become popular due to its safety and efficacy. Haematococcus pluvialis (H. pulvialis) is a green microalga living in fresh water, and its crude extract is rich of bioactives, including carotenoids, known to inhibit cancer cell growth. In the present study, we investigated the effects of a methanol crude extract called “T1” of H. pulvialis on cell growth and migration/invasion of the BC cell line MDA-MB-231 in comparison to the fibroblast control cells. TI significantly suppressed BC cell growth, inhibited migration and invasion and induced apoptosis. Interestingly, apoptosis was mediated by a significant loss of mutant p53 protein, and increased Bax/Bcl2 ratio. Our findings support our hypothesis that T1 exerts its anti-cancer effects by inhibiting BC invasion and inducing apoptosis mediated, at least, via the p53/Bax/Bcl2 pathway. Ongoing experiments aim to identify the molecular mechanisms underpinning T1-inhibited BC cell invasion using pre-designed metastasis gene-based array method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nouralhuda Alateyah
- Biological Sciences Program, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Salma M. S. Ahmad
- Biological Sciences Program, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ishita Gupta
- College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Arij Fouzat
- College of Pharmacy, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Mahmoud Ibrahim Thaher
- Algal Technology Program, Center for Sustainable Development, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Probir Das
- Algal Technology Program, Center for Sustainable Development, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Ala-Eddin Al Moustafa
- College of Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- Biomedical Research Centre, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Allal Ouhtit
- Biological Sciences Program, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
- *Correspondence: Allal Ouhtit,
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Astaxanthin decreases the growth-inhibitory dose of cytarabine and inflammatory response in the acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell line NALM-6. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:6415-6422. [PMID: 35441937 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07452-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In spite of the great progress in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) treatment, a large number of patients still suffer from chemotherapy drug toxicity. As a routine medication for ALL treatment, cytarabine (Ara-C) has many side effects on the patients. Astaxanthin (ASX), on the other hand, is a carotenoid with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties. PURPOSE The present study investigated the effects of ASX in combination with Ara-C on cell proliferation, apoptosis induction, and cell cycle arrest in NALM-6 cell line. METHODS NALM6 cells were treated with different concentrations of ASX, Ara-C, and their co-treatment. Cytotoxic effects were evaluated using MTT assay. After treating the cells with the IC50 dose of ASX, Ara-C and their co-treatment, we studied apoptosis induction, cell cycle arrest, and expression of apoptotic, anti-apoptotic, and inflammatory genes. RESULT MTT assay demonstrated that co-treatment of cytarabine and ASX had greater cytotoxicity effects compared with the IC50 dose of Ara-C alone. After 48 h of treatment of NALM-6 cells with the combination dose, expression levels of apoptotic genes (P53, caspase-8, 3), the anti-apoptotic gene (Bcl-xL) and inflammatory genes (IL-6, TNF-α) changed significantly compared to the untreated group (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Co-treatment of ASX and Ara-C has synergism effects on apoptosis pathways, cell proliferation inhibition, and decreased inflammation.
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Saini RK, Prasad P, Lokesh V, Shang X, Shin J, Keum YS, Lee JH. Carotenoids: Dietary Sources, Extraction, Encapsulation, Bioavailability, and Health Benefits-A Review of Recent Advancements. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040795. [PMID: 35453480 PMCID: PMC9025559 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural carotenoids (CARs), viz. β-carotene, lutein, astaxanthin, bixin, norbixin, capsanthin, lycopene, canthaxanthin, β-Apo-8-carotenal, zeaxanthin, and β-apo-8-carotenal-ester, are being studied as potential candidates in fields such as food, feed, nutraceuticals, and cosmeceuticals. CAR research is advancing in the following three major fields: (1) CAR production from natural sources and optimization of its downstream processing; (2) encapsulation for enhanced physical and chemical properties; and (3) preclinical, clinical, and epidemiological studies of CARs’ health benefits. This review critically discusses the recent developments in studies of the chemistry and antioxidant activity, marketing trends, dietary sources, extraction, bioaccessibility and bioavailability, encapsulation methods, dietary intake, and health benefits of CARs. Preclinical, clinical, and epidemiological studies on cancer, obesity, type 2 diabetes (T2D), cardiovascular diseases (CVD), osteoporosis, neurodegenerative disease, mental health, eye, and skin health are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Kumar Saini
- Department of Crop Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (R.K.S.); (Y.-S.K.)
| | - Parchuri Prasad
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA;
| | - Veeresh Lokesh
- Biocontrol Laboratory, University of Horticultural Sciences, Bagalkote 587104, India;
| | - Xiaomin Shang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Functional Food, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China;
| | - Juhyun Shin
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea;
| | - Young-Soo Keum
- Department of Crop Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (R.K.S.); (Y.-S.K.)
| | - Ji-Ho Lee
- Department of Crop Science, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (R.K.S.); (Y.-S.K.)
- Correspondence:
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Target Protein for Xklp2 Functions as Coactivator of Androgen Receptor and Promotes the Proliferation of Prostate Carcinoma Cells. JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022; 2022:6085948. [PMID: 35444697 PMCID: PMC9015851 DOI: 10.1155/2022/6085948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The activation of the androgen receptor (AR) pathway is crucial in the progression of human prostate cancer. Results of the present study indicated that the target protein xenopus kinesin-like protein (TPX2) enhanced the transcription activation of AR and promoted the proliferation of LNCaP (ligand-dependent prostate carcinoma) cells. The protein-protein interaction between AR and TPX2 was investigated using coimmunoprecipitation assays. Results of the present study further demonstrated that TPX2 enhanced the transcription factor activation of AR and enhanced the expression levels of the downstream gene prostate-specific antigen (PSA). TPX2 did this by promoting the accumulation of AR in the nucleus and also promoting the recruitment of AR to the androgen response element, located in the promoter region of the PSA gene. Overexpression of TPX2 enhanced both the in vitro and in vivo proliferation of LNCaP cells. By revealing a novel role of TPX2 in the AR signaling pathway, the present study indicated that TPX2 may be an activator of AR and thus exhibits potential as a novel target for prostate carcinoma treatment.
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Astaxanthin from Crustaceans and Their Byproducts: A Bioactive Metabolite Candidate for Therapeutic Application. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20030206. [PMID: 35323505 PMCID: PMC8955251 DOI: 10.3390/md20030206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the food, pharma, and cosmetic industries have shown considerable interest in bioactive molecules of marine origin that show high potential for application as nutraceuticals and therapeutic agents. Astaxanthin, a lipid-soluble and orange-reddish-colored carotenoid pigment, is one of the most investigated pigments. Natural astaxanthin is mainly produced from microalgae, and it shows much stronger antioxidant properties than its synthetic counterpart. This paper aims to summarize and discuss the important aspects and recent findings associated with the possible use of crustacean byproducts as a source of astaxanthin. In the last five years of research on the crustaceans and their byproducts as a source of natural astaxanthin, there are many new findings regarding the astaxanthin content in different species and new green extraction protocols for its extraction. However, there is a lack of information on the amounts of astaxanthin currently obtained from the byproducts as well as on the cost-effectiveness of the astaxanthin production from the byproducts. Improvement in these areas would most certainly contribute to the reduction of waste and reuse in the crustacean processing industry. Successful exploitation of byproducts for recovery of this valuable compound would have both environmental and social benefits. Finally, astaxanthin’s strong biological activity and prominent health benefits have been discussed in the paper.
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TNF-α induces AQP4 overexpression in astrocytes through the NF-κB pathway causing cellular edema and apoptosis. Biosci Rep 2022; 42:230993. [PMID: 35260880 PMCID: PMC8935387 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20212224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Aquaporin 4 (AQP4) is highly expressed on astrocytes and is critical for controlling brain water transport in neurological diseases. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α is a common cytokine found in disease microenvironment. The aim of this study was to determine whether TNF-α can regulate the expression of AQP4 in astrocytes. Primary astrocyte cultures were treated with different concentrations of TNF-α and the cell viability was assessed through cell counting kit-8 assay and AQP4 expression was detected by qPCR, western blots, and immunofluorescence assays. The activation of nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB) pathway was detected by western blot. Further, dual-luciferase reporting system and chromatin immunoprecipitation were used to detect the transcriptional regulation of AQP4 by p65. These experiments demonstrated that treatment with TNF-α can lead to astrocyte edema and an increase in AQP4 expression. Following TNF-α treatment, the expression levels of P-IKKα/β-IκBα and P-p65 increased significantly over time. The results of the dual-luciferase reporter system and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays revealed that p65 protein and AQP4 promoter had a robust binding effect after TNF-α treatment, and the NF-κB pathway inhibitor, BAY 11-7082 could inhibit these effects of TNF-α. The expression level of AQP4 was significantly decreased upon p65 interference, while the astrocyte viability was significantly increased compared to that in the TNF-α only group. In conclusion, TNF-α activated NF-κB pathway, which promoted the binding of p65 to the AQP4 gene promoter region, and enhanced AQP4 expression, ultimately reducing astrocyte viability and causing cell edema.
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Gharaei R, Alyasin A, Mahdavinezhad F, Samadian E, Ashrafnezhad Z, Amidi F. Randomized controlled trial of astaxanthin impacts on antioxidant status and assisted reproductive technology outcomes in women with polycystic ovarian syndrome. J Assist Reprod Genet 2022; 39:995-1008. [PMID: 35237893 PMCID: PMC9050983 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-022-02432-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), the most common endocrinopathy in women, is typically accompanied by a defective oxidative defense system. Here, we investigated the effect of astaxanthin (AST) as a powerful antioxidant on the oxidative stress (OS) response and assisted reproductive technology (ART) outcomes in PCOS patients. METHODS In this double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, PCOS patients were randomly assigned into two groups. The intervention group received 8 mg AST, and the control group received the placebo daily for 40 days. The primary outcomes were the serum and follicular fluid (FF) levels of the OS biomarkers and the expression levels of the specific genes and proteins in the oxidative stress response pathway. The secondary outcomes were considered ART outcomes. RESULTS According to our findings, a 40-day course of AST supplementation led to significantly higher levels of serum CAT and TAC in the AST group compared to the placebo group. However, there were no significant intergroup differences in the serum MDA and SOD levels, as well as the FF levels of OS markers. The expression of Nrf2, HO-1, and NQ-1 was significantly increased in the granulosa cells (GCs) of the AST group. Moreover, the MII oocyte and high-quality embryo rate were significantly increased in the AST group compared to the placebo group. We found no significant intergroup difference in the chemical and clinical pregnancy rates. CONCLUSION AST treatment has been shown to increase both serum TAC levels and activation of the Nrf2 axis in PCOS patients' GCs. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClincialTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03991286.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roghaye Gharaei
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ashraf Alyasin
- Department of Infertility, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Forough Mahdavinezhad
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Esmaeil Samadian
- Laboratory Sciences Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Zhaleh Ashrafnezhad
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fardin Amidi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Department of Infertility, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Zhuang D, He N, Khoo KS, Ng EP, Chew KW, Ling TC. Application progress of bioactive compounds in microalgae on pharmaceutical and cosmetics. CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 291:132932. [PMID: 34798100 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.132932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae is an autotrophic organism with fast growth, short reproduction cycle, and strong environmental adaptability. In recent years, microalgae and the bioactive ingredients extracted from microalgae are regarded as potential substitutes for raw materials in the pharmaceutical and the cosmetics industry. In this review, the characteristics and efficacy of the high-value components of microalgae are discussed in detail, along with the sources and extraction technologies of algae used to obtain high-value ingredients are reviewed. Moreover, the latest trends in biotherapy based on high-value algae extracts as materials are discussed. The excellent antioxidant properties of microalgae derivatives are regarded as an attractive replacement for safe and environmentally friendly cosmetics formulation and production. Through further studies, the mechanism of microalgae bioactive compounds can be understood better and reasonable clinical trials conducted can safely conclude the compliance of microalgae-derived drugs or cosmetics to be necessary standards to be marketed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingling Zhuang
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ning He
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian, China
| | - Kuan Shiong Khoo
- Faculty of Applied Sciences, UCSI University. No. 1, Jalan Menara Gading, UCSI Heights, 56000, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Eng-Poh Ng
- School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, USM, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Kit Wayne Chew
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian, China; School of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University Malaysia, Jalan Sunsuria, Bandar Sunsuria, 43900, Sepang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Tau Chuan Ling
- Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Kim ES, Baek Y, Yoo HJ, Lee JS, Lee HG. Chitosan-Tripolyphosphate Nanoparticles Prepared by Ionic Gelation Improve the Antioxidant Activities of Astaxanthin in the In Vitro and In Vivo Model. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030479. [PMID: 35326128 PMCID: PMC8944862 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effects of chitosan (CS)-tripolyphosphate (TPP) nanoparticles (NPs) on the stability, antioxidant activity, and bioavailability of astaxanthin (ASX). ASX-loaded CS-TPP NPs (ACT-NPs) prepared by ionic gelation between CS (0.571 mg/mL) and TPP (0.571 mg/mL) showed 505.2 ± 184.8 nm, 20.4 ± 1.2 mV, 0.348 ± 0.044, and 63.9 ± 3.0% of particle size, zeta potential, polydispersity index and encapsulation efficiency, respectively. An in vitro release study confirmed that the release of ASX in simulated gastric (pH 1.2) and intestinal (pH 6.8) fluid was prolonged within ACT-NPs. The in vitro antioxidant activities of ACT-NPs were significantly improved compared with free ASX (FA) (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the cellular and in vivo antioxidant analysis verified that ACT-NPs could enhance the cytoprotective effects on the BHK-21 cell line and demonstrate sustained release properties, leading to prolonged residence time in the rat plasma. The results suggest that the stability, antioxidant properties, and bioavailability of ASX can be effectively enhanced through encapsulation within CS-TPP NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Suh Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (E.S.K.); (Y.B.); (H.-J.Y.)
| | - Youjin Baek
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (E.S.K.); (Y.B.); (H.-J.Y.)
| | - Hyun-Jae Yoo
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (E.S.K.); (Y.B.); (H.-J.Y.)
| | - Ji-Soo Lee
- Korean Living Science Research Center, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.-S.L.); (H.G.L.)
| | - Hyeon Gyu Lee
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (E.S.K.); (Y.B.); (H.-J.Y.)
- Correspondence: (J.-S.L.); (H.G.L.)
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Shin J, Nile A, Saini RK, Oh JW. Astaxanthin Sensitizes Low SOD2-Expressing GBM Cell Lines to TRAIL Treatment via Pathway Involving Mitochondrial Membrane Depolarization. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020375. [PMID: 35204257 PMCID: PMC8869337 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids have been suggested to have either anti- or pro-oxidative effects in several cancer cells, and those effects can trigger an unbalanced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production resulting in an apoptotic response. Our study aimed to evaluate the effect of the well-known carotenoid 3, 3′-dihydroxy-β, β’-carotene-4, 4-dione (astaxanthin, AXT) on glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) cells, especially as a pretreatment of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL), that was previously shown to increase ROS and to induce apoptosis in cancer cells. We found that AXT by itself did not trigger apoptosis in four investigated GBM cell lines upon a 24 h treatment at various concentrations from 2.5 to 50 µM. However, in U251-MG and T98-MG GBM cells, pretreatment of 2.5 to 10 µM AXT sensitized cells to TRAIL treatment in a statistically significant manner (p < 0.05) while it did not affect CRT-MG and U87-MG GBM cells. We further compared AXT-sensitive U251-MG and -insensitive CRT-MG response to AXT and showed that 5 µM AXT treatment had a beneficial effect on both cell lines, as it enhanced mitochondrial potential and TRAIL treatment had the opposite effect, as it decreased mitochondrial potential. Interestingly, in U251-MG, 5 µM AXT pretreatment to TRAIL-treated cells mitochondrial potential further decreased compared to TRAIL alone cells. In addition, while 25 and 50 ng/mL TRAIL treatment increased ROS for both cell lines, pretreatment of 5 µM AXT induced a significant ROS decrease in CRT-MG (p < 0.05) while less effective in U251-MG. We found that in U251-MG, superoxide dismutase (SOD) 2 expression and enzymatic activity were lower compared to CRT-MG and that overexpression of SOD2 in U251-MG abolished AXT sensitization to TRAIL treatment. Taken together, these results suggest that while AXT acts as an ROS scavenger in GBM cell lines, it also has some role in decreasing mitochondrial potential together with TRAIL in a pathway that can be inhibited by SOD2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juhyun Shin
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (J.S.); (A.N.)
| | - Arti Nile
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (J.S.); (A.N.)
| | | | - Jae-Wook Oh
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Korea; (J.S.); (A.N.)
- Correspondence:
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Mussagy CU, Kurnia KA, Dias ACRV, Raghavan V, Santos-Ebinuma VC, Pessoa A. An eco-friendly approach for the recovery of astaxanthin and β-carotene from Phaffia rhodozyma biomass using bio-based solvents. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2022; 345:126555. [PMID: 34910971 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.126555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
There is a growing demand in the development of environmentally friendly technologies, based on the use of more biocompatible solvents for the recovery of natural bioactive compounds. In this work, the red yeast Phaffia rhodozyma biomass was used as a source of carotenoids to develop an integrative and efficient platform that promotes the recovery of astaxanthin and β-carotene using bio-based solvents (BioSs). The extraction aptitude of pure BioSs was evaluated and compared with the conventional organic method. At this point, the influence of the BioSs molecular structures involved in the extraction procedures were also investigated. Overall, envisaging the industrial application of the process, an integrative platform was proposed for the recovery of astaxanthin/β-carotene from P. rhodozyma biomass and the recycle of the BioSs. The life cycle assessment of the proposed technology using EtOH was evaluated, validating the sustainability of BioSs in the process with environmental impact reduction of 3-12%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassamo U Mussagy
- Department of Pharmaceutical-Biochemical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Engineering of Bioprocesses and Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-903, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Kiki A Kurnia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Jalan Ganesha No. 10 Bandung 40132, Indonesia
| | - Ana C R V Dias
- CESAM - Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies, Department of Environment and Planning, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Vijaya Raghavan
- Department of Bioresource Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Valeria C Santos-Ebinuma
- Department of Engineering of Bioprocesses and Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Araraquara 14800-903, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Adalberto Pessoa
- Department of Pharmaceutical-Biochemical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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50
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Karpiński TM, Ożarowski M, Alam R, Łochyńska M, Stasiewicz M. What Do We Know about Antimicrobial Activity of Astaxanthin and Fucoxanthin? Mar Drugs 2021; 20:md20010036. [PMID: 35049891 PMCID: PMC8778043 DOI: 10.3390/md20010036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Astaxanthin (AST) and fucoxanthin (FUC) are natural xanthophylls, having multidirectional activity, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer. Both compounds also show antimicrobial activity, which is presented in this review article. There are few papers that have presented the antimicrobial activity of AST. Obtained antimicrobial concentrations of AST (200-4000 µg/mL) are much higher than recommended by the European Food Safety Authority for consumption (2 mg daily). Therefore, we suggest that AST is unlikely to be of use in the clinical treatment of infections. Our knowledge about the antimicrobial activity of FUC is better and this compound acts against many bacteria already in low concentrations 10-250 µg/mL. Toxicological studies on animals present the safety of FUC application in doses 200 mg/kg body weight and higher. Taking available research into consideration, a clinical application of FUC as the antimicrobial substance is real and can be successful. However, this aspect requires further investigation. In this review, we also present potential mechanisms of antibacterial activity of carotenoids, to which AST and FUC belong.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz M. Karpiński
- Chair and Department of Medical Microbiology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Wieniawskiego 3, 61-712 Poznań, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-61-854-61-38
| | - Marcin Ożarowski
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants, Wojska Polskiego 71b, 60-630 Poznań, Poland; (M.O.); (M.Ł.)
| | - Rahat Alam
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Science and Technology, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore 7408, Bangladesh;
- Biological Solution Centre (BioSol Centre), Farmgate, Dhaka 1215, Bangladesh
| | - Małgorzata Łochyńska
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants, Wojska Polskiego 71b, 60-630 Poznań, Poland; (M.O.); (M.Ł.)
| | - Mark Stasiewicz
- Research Group of Medical Microbiology, Chair and Department of Medical Microbiology, Poznań University of Medical Sciences, Wieniawskiego 3, 61-712 Poznań, Poland;
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