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Zhang H, Fu L, Leiliang X, Qu C, Wu W, Wen R, Huang N, He Q, Cheng Q, Liu G, Cheng Y. Beyond the Gut: The intratumoral microbiome's influence on tumorigenesis and treatment response. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2024. [PMID: 39087354 DOI: 10.1002/cac2.12597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 06/25/2024] [Accepted: 07/13/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
The intratumoral microbiome (TM) refers to the microorganisms in the tumor tissues, including bacteria, fungi, viruses, and so on, and is distinct from the gut microbiome and circulating microbiota. TM is strongly associated with tumorigenesis, progression, metastasis, and response to therapy. This paper highlights the current status of TM. Tract sources, adjacent normal tissue, circulatory system, and concomitant tumor co-metastasis are the main origin of TM. The advanced techniques in TM analysis are comprehensively summarized. Besides, TM is involved in tumor progression through several mechanisms, including DNA damage, activation of oncogenic signaling pathways (phosphoinositide 3-kinase [PI3K], signal transducer and activator of transcription [STAT], WNT/β-catenin, and extracellular regulated protein kinases [ERK]), influence of cytokines and induce inflammatory responses, and interaction with the tumor microenvironment (anti-tumor immunity, pro-tumor immunity, and microbial-derived metabolites). Moreover, promising directions of TM in tumor therapy include immunotherapy, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, the application of probiotics/prebiotics/synbiotics, fecal microbiome transplantation, engineered microbiota, phage therapy, and oncolytic virus therapy. The inherent challenges of clinical application are also summarized. This review provides a comprehensive landscape for analyzing TM, especially the TM-related mechanisms and TM-based treatment in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Li Fu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Xinwen Leiliang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Chunrun Qu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Wantao Wu
- Department of Oncology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Rong Wen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Ning Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Qiuguang He
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Quan Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Guodong Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
| | - Yuan Cheng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P. R. China
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Zhang T, Zhang X, Chen J, Zhang X, Zhang Y. Harnessing microbial antigens as cancer antigens: a promising avenue for cancer immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1411490. [PMID: 39139570 PMCID: PMC11319170 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1411490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Immunotherapy has revolutionized cancer treatment by leveraging the immune system's innate capabilities to combat malignancies. Despite the promise of tumor antigens in stimulating anti-tumor immune responses, their clinical utility is hampered by limitations in eliciting robust and durable immune reactions, exacerbated by tumor heterogeneity and immune evasion mechanisms. Recent insights into the immunogenic properties of host homologous microbial antigens have sparked interest in their potential for augmenting anti-tumor immunity while minimizing off-target effects. This review explores the therapeutic potential of microbial antigen peptides in tumor immunotherapy, beginning with an overview of tumor antigens and their challenges in clinical translation. We further explore the intricate relationship between microorganisms and tumor development, elucidating the concept of molecular mimicry and its implications for immune recognition of tumor-associated antigens. Finally, we discuss methodologies for identifying and characterizing microbial antigen peptides, highlighting their immunogenicity and prospects for therapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xilong Zhang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, First People’s Hospital of Xuzhou City, Xuzhou, China
| | - Jianquan Chen
- Central Laboratory, Translational Medicine Research Center, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiuwei Zhang
- Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery, First People’s Hospital of Xuzhou City, Xuzhou, China
| | - Yunlei Zhang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Biomedical Engineering and Informatics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
- Central Laboratory, Translational Medicine Research Center, The Affiliated Jiangning Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Xu J, Cheng M, Liu J, Cui M, Yin B, Liang J. Research progress on the impact of intratumoral microbiota on the immune microenvironment of malignant tumors and its role in immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1389446. [PMID: 39034996 PMCID: PMC11257860 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1389446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Microbiota has been closely related to human beings, whose role in tumor development has also been widely investigated. However, previous studies have mainly focused on the gut, oral, and/or skin microbiota. In recent years, the study of intratumoral microbiota has become a hot topic in tumor-concerning studies. Intratumoral microbiota plays an important role in the occurrence, development, and response to treatment of malignant tumors. In fact, increasing evidence has suggested that intratumoral microbiota is associated with malignant tumors in various ways, such as promoting the tumor development and affecting the efficacy of chemotherapy and immunotherapy. In this review, the impact of intratumoral microbiota on the immune microenvironment of malignant tumors has been analyzed, as well as its role in tumor immunotherapy, with the hope that it may contribute to the development of diagnostic tools and treatments for related tumors in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamei Xu
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Shandong Lung Cancer Institute, Jinan, China
| | - Min Cheng
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Shandong Lung Cancer Institute, Jinan, China
| | - Jie Liu
- School of Clinical Medicine, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Mengqi Cui
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Shandong Lung Cancer Institute, Jinan, China
| | - Beibei Yin
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Shandong Lung Cancer Institute, Jinan, China
| | - Jing Liang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong Key Laboratory of Rheumatic Disease and Translational Medicine, Shandong Lung Cancer Institute, Jinan, China
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Yin Q, Ni J, Ying J. Potential mechanisms and targeting strategies of the gut microbiota in antitumor immunity and immunotherapy. Immun Inflamm Dis 2024; 12:e1263. [PMID: 39031507 PMCID: PMC11259004 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.1263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunotherapies, notably immune checkpoints inhibitors that target programmed death 1/programmed death ligand 1(PD-1/PD-L1) and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4), had profoundly changed the way advanced and metastatic cancers are treated and dramatically improved overall and progression-free survival. AIMS This review article aimed to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms by which the gut microbiota affects antitumor immunity and the efficacy of cancer immunotherapy. METHODS We summarized the latest knowledge supporting the associations among the gut microbiota, antitumor immunity, and immunotherapy. Moreover, we disscussed the therapeutic strategy for improving immunotherapy efficacy by modulating gut microbiota in cancer treatment. RESULTS The potential molecular mechanisms underlying these associations are explained in terms of four aspects: immunomodulation, molecular mimicry, mamps, and microbial metabolites. CONCLUSION The gut microbiota significantly impacts antitumor immunity and alters the effectiveness of cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yin
- Postgraduate Training Base Alliance of Wenzhou Medical University (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital)HangzhouZhejiangChina
| | - Jiao‐jiao Ni
- Department of Hepato‐Pancreato‐Biliary & Gastric Medical OncologyZhejiang Cancer HospitalHangzhouChina
| | - Jie‐er Ying
- Department of Hepato‐Pancreato‐Biliary & Gastric Medical OncologyZhejiang Cancer HospitalHangzhouChina
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Zhou Z, Wang J, Wang J, Yang S, Wang R, Zhang G, Li Z, Shi R, Wang Z, Lu Q. Deciphering the tumor immune microenvironment from a multidimensional omics perspective: insight into next-generation CAR-T cell immunotherapy and beyond. Mol Cancer 2024; 23:131. [PMID: 38918817 PMCID: PMC11201788 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-024-02047-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) consists of intra-tumor immunological components and plays a significant role in tumor initiation, progression, metastasis, and response to therapy. Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell immunotherapy has revolutionized the cancer treatment paradigm. Although CAR-T cell immunotherapy has emerged as a successful treatment for hematologic malignancies, it remains a conundrum for solid tumors. The heterogeneity of TIME is responsible for poor outcomes in CAR-T cell immunotherapy against solid tumors. The advancement of highly sophisticated technology enhances our exploration in TIME from a multi-omics perspective. In the era of machine learning, multi-omics studies could reveal the characteristics of TIME and its immune resistance mechanism. Therefore, the clinical efficacy of CAR-T cell immunotherapy in solid tumors could be further improved with strategies that target unfavorable conditions in TIME. Herein, this review seeks to investigate the factors influencing TIME formation and propose strategies for improving the effectiveness of CAR-T cell immunotherapy through a multi-omics perspective, with the ultimate goal of developing personalized therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaokai Zhou
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Jiahui Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Department of Nephrology, Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, PekingBeijing, 100730, China
| | - Jiaojiao Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
| | - Shuai Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Ruizhi Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Ge Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Zhengrui Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial-Head and Neck Oncology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Run Shi
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhan Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450052, China
| | - Qiong Lu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410011, China.
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Che S, Yan Z, Feng Y, Zhao H. Unveiling the intratumoral microbiota within cancer landscapes. iScience 2024; 27:109893. [PMID: 38799560 PMCID: PMC11126819 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in cancer research have unveiled a significant yet previously underappreciated aspect of oncology: the presence and role of intratumoral microbiota. These microbial residents, encompassing bacteria, fungi, and viruses within tumor tissues, have been found to exert considerable influence on tumor development, progression, and the efficacy of therapeutic interventions. This review aims to synthesize these groundbreaking discoveries, providing an integrated overview of the identification, characterization, and functional roles of intratumoral microbiota in cancer biology. We focus on elucidating the complex interactions between these microorganisms and the tumor microenvironment, highlighting their potential as novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets. The purpose of this review is to offer a comprehensive understanding of the microbial dimension in cancer, paving the way for innovative approaches in cancer diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shusheng Che
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao 266005, Shandong, China
| | - Zhiyong Yan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao 266005, Shandong, China
| | - Yugong Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao 266005, Shandong, China
| | - Hai Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, No. 16 Jiangsu Road, Qingdao 266005, Shandong, China
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Zhang L, Huang S, Yuan Y. Butyrate inhibits the malignant biological behaviors of breast cancer cells by facilitating cuproptosis-associated gene expression. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2024; 150:287. [PMID: 38833016 PMCID: PMC11150186 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-024-05807-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Butyrate is a common short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), and it has been demonstrated to regulate the development of breast cancer (BC), while the underlying mechanism is still unreported. METHODS Gas chromatography was used to measure the amounts of SCFA (acetate, propionate, and butyrate) in the feces. Cell viability was measured by the CCK-8 assay. The wound healing assay demonstrated cell migration, and the transwell assay demonstrated cell invasion. The levels of protein and gene were determined by western blot assay and RT-qPCR assay, respectively. RESULTS The levels of SCFA were lower in the faecal samples from BC patients compared to control samples. In cellular experiments, butyrate significantly suppressed the cell viability, migration and invasion of T47D in a dose-dependent manner. In animal experiments, butyrate effectively impeded the growth of BC tumors. Toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) was highly expressed in the tumors from BC patients. Butyrate inhibited the expression of TLR4. In addition, butyrate promoted the expression of cuproptosis-related genes including PDXK (pyridoxal kinase) and SLC25A28 (solute carrier family 25 member 28), which was lowly expressed in BC tumors. Importantly, overexpression of TLR4 can reverses the promotion of butyrate to PDXK and SLC25A28 expression and the prevention of butyrate to the malignant biological behaviors of T47D cells. CONCLUSION In summary, butyrate inhibits the development of BC by facilitating the expression of PDXK and SLC25A28 through inhibition of TLR4. Our investigation first identified a connection among butyrate, TLR4 and cuproptosis-related genes in BC progression. These findings may provide novel target for the treatment of BC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liming Zhang
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Medicine, Clinical Laboratory of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, No. 1, Minde Road, Donghu District, Nanchang, 330006, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China.
| | - Shan Huang
- Neonatal Room, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330008, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Yuan
- Intensive Care Unit, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Jiangxi Medical College, Nanchang University, Nanchang, 330008, Jiangxi, People's Republic of China
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Deng Y, Hou X, Wang H, Du H, Liu Y. Influence of Gut Microbiota-Mediated Immune Regulation on Response to Chemotherapy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:604. [PMID: 38794174 PMCID: PMC11123941 DOI: 10.3390/ph17050604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The involvement of the gut microbiota in anti-cancer treatment has gained increasing attention. Alterations to the structure and function of the gut bacteria are important factors in the development of cancer as well as the efficacy of chemotherapy. Recent studies have confirmed that the gut microbiota and related metabolites influence the pharmacological activity of chemotherapeutic agents through interactions with the immune system. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge of how malignant tumor and chemotherapy affect the gut microbiota, how the gut microbiota regulates host immune response, and how interactions between the gut microbiota and host immune response influence the efficacy of chemotherapy. Recent advances in strategies for increasing the efficiency of chemotherapy based on the gut microbiota are also described. Deciphering the complex homeostasis maintained by the gut microbiota and host immunity provides a solid scientific basis for bacterial intervention in chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Deng
- Wuhan Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China; (Y.D.); (X.H.); (H.W.)
- Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Xiaoying Hou
- Wuhan Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China; (Y.D.); (X.H.); (H.W.)
- Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cognitive and Affective Disorders, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Haiping Wang
- Wuhan Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China; (Y.D.); (X.H.); (H.W.)
- Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cognitive and Affective Disorders, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Hongzhi Du
- Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan 430065, China
| | - Yuchen Liu
- Wuhan Institute of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China; (Y.D.); (X.H.); (H.W.)
- Cancer Institute, School of Medicine, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Cognitive and Affective Disorders, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China
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Zhang J, Wang P, Wang J, Wei X, Wang M. Unveiling intratumoral microbiota: An emerging force for colorectal cancer diagnosis and therapy. Pharmacol Res 2024; 203:107185. [PMID: 38615875 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2024.107185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Microbes, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other eukaryotic organisms, are commonly present in multiple organs of the human body and contribute significantly to both physiological and pathological processes. Nowadays, the development of sequencing technology has revealed the presence and composition of the intratumoral microbiota, which includes Fusobacterium, Bifidobacteria, and Bacteroides, and has shed light on the significant involvement in the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC). Here, we summarized the current understanding of the intratumoral microbiota in CRC and outline the potential translational and clinical applications in the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of CRC. We focused on reviewing the development of microbial therapies targeting the intratumoral microbiota to improve the efficacy and safety of chemotherapy and immunotherapy for CRC and to identify biomarkers for the diagnosis and prognosis of CRC. Finally, we emphasized the obstacles and potential solutions to translating the knowledge of the intratumoral microbiota into clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjing Zhang
- Affiliated Cixi Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Penghui Wang
- Affiliated Cixi Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiafeng Wang
- Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaojie Wei
- Affiliated Cixi Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Mengchuan Wang
- Affiliated Cixi Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Zhejiang, China.
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Chang Y, Gao G, Feng C. Association between gut microbiota and gastric cancers: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1383530. [PMID: 38628871 PMCID: PMC11018925 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1383530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Gastric cancer (GC) is the fifth most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide, with its etiology attributed to a complex interplay of genetic, dietary, environmental factors, and infections such as Helicobacter pylori. Despite the known risk factors, the role of gut microbiota in the development of gastric cancer remains insufficiently explored. This study aims to elucidate the causal relationship between gut microbiota and gastric cancer using a two-sample Mendelian Randomization (MR) approach. Methods Utilizing genome-wide association study (GWAS) summary data from the MiBioGen consortium and gastric cancer datasets, we selected instrumental variables for MR analysis based on their association with specific microbiota. We employed several MR methods, including inverse variance weighted (IVW), MR-Egger, weighted median, and others, to estimate the causal effects of gut microbiota diversity on the risk of developing gastric cancer. Results Our analysis identified significant associations between certain gut microbiota and gastric cancer risk. Specifically, taxa such as Clostridium sensustricto1 (OR = 0.540, 95%CI: 0.354-0.823, p = 0.004), Actinomycetales (OR = 0.756, 95%CI: 0.613-0.932, p = 0.009), Selenomonadales (OR = 0.816, 95%CI: 0.666-1.000, p < 0.05), Negativicutes (OR = 0.816, 95%CI: 0.666-1.000, p < 0.05), Rikenellaceae (OR = 0.863, 95%CI: 0.746-0.999, p = 0.048) were found to have a protective effect against gastric cancer. Conversely, an increased risk of gastric cancer was associated with the abundance of Roseburia (OR = 1.342, 95%CI: 1.071-1.681, p = 0.011), Family XI (OR = 1.132, 95%CI: 1.012-1.267, p = 0.030), and Eubacterium brachy group (OR = 1.207, 95%CI: 1.074-1.355, p = 0.002). The findings were robust across various MR methods and were not driven by any single SNP, indicating a genuine causal relationship. Conclusion Our studies have shown that there is a causal relationship between intestinal flora and gastric cancer at the genetic level. Clostridium sensustricto1, Actinomycetales, Rikenellaceae, Selenomonadales, Negativicutes, and Actinomycetaceae as having a protective role against GC, while Roseburia, Family XI, and Eubacterium brachy group were associated with an increased risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Chang
- Department of Anorectal Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Guanzhuang Gao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Cuncheng Feng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Affiliated Changzhou No. 2 People’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
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Fu Y, Li J, Cai W, Huang Y, Liu X, Ma Z, Tang Z, Bian X, Zheng J, Jiang J, Li C. The emerging tumor microbe microenvironment: From delineation to multidisciplinary approach-based interventions. Acta Pharm Sin B 2024; 14:1560-1591. [PMID: 38572104 PMCID: PMC10985043 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Intratumoral microbiota has become research hotspots, and emerges as a non-negligent new component of tumor microenvironments (TME), due to its powerful influence on tumor initiation, metastasis, immunosurveillance and prognosis despite in low-biomass. The accumulations of microbes, and their related components and metabolites within tumor tissues, endow TME with additional pluralistic features which are distinct from the conventional one. Therefore, it's definitely necessary to comprehensively delineate the sophisticated landscapes of tumor microbe microenvironment, as well as their functions and related underlying mechanisms. Herein, in this review, we focused on the fields of tumor microbe microenvironment, including the heterogeneity of intratumor microbiota in different types of tumors, the controversial roles of intratumoral microbiota, the basic features of tumor microbe microenvironment (i.e., pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), typical microbial metabolites, autophagy, inflammation, multi-faceted immunomodulation and chemoresistance), as well as the multidisciplinary approach-based intervention of tumor microbiome for cancer therapy by applying wild-type or engineered live microbes, microbiota metabolites, antibiotics, synthetic biology and rationally designed biomaterials. We hope our work will provide valuable insight to deeply understand the interplay of cancer-immune-microbial, and facilitate the development of microbes-based tumor-specific treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Fu
- Medical Research Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Urology, Urologic Surgery Center, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Wenyun Cai
- Medical Research Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yulan Huang
- Medical Research Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xinlong Liu
- Medical Research Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zhongyi Ma
- Medical Research Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Zhongjie Tang
- Medical Research Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xufei Bian
- Medical Research Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Ji Zheng
- Department of Urology, Urologic Surgery Center, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400037, China
| | - Jiayun Jiang
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Chong Li
- Medical Research Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
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12
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Chen X, Wang G, Qin L, Hu B, Li J. Intestinal Microbiota Modulates the Antitumor Effect of Oncolytic Virus Vaccines in Colorectal Cancer. Dig Dis Sci 2024; 69:1228-1241. [PMID: 38400885 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-024-08346-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immunotherapies, such as oncolytic viruses, have become powerful cancer treatments, but only some patients with cancer can benefit from them, especially those with advanced-stage cancer, and new therapeutic strategies are needed to facilitate extended survival. The intestinal microbiota may contribute to colorectal cancer (CRC) carcinogenesis and the response to immunotherapy. However, whether and how the intestinal microbiota modulates the effects of oncolytic virus vaccines (OVVs) in CRC remain to be investigated. METHODS We generated an MC38-gp33 CRC mouse model and treated it with OVV-gp33 in early and advanced stages. Probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), and antibiotics (ABX) were administered to regulate the microbial composition of CRC mice at an advanced stage. The tumor growth rate and survival time of the mice were recorded; 16S rDNA sequencing was used to analyze the microbial composition and flow cytometry was used to detect T-cell subset activity. RESULTS OVV-gp33 treatment inhibited tumor growth and prolonged survival in the early stage of CRC but did not have a significant effect on the advanced stage of CRC. Moreover, 16S rDNA sequence analysis and flow cytometry showed significant differences in intestinal microbiota composition, microbial metabolites, and T-cell subsets in early and advanced-stage CRC. Probiotic and FMT treatment significantly enhanced the antitumor effect of OVV in the advanced stage of CRC with an increased abundance of activated CD8+ T cells and a decreased ratio of Treg cells, while depletion of the microbiota by ABX eliminated the antitumor activity of OVV with decreased CD8+ T-cell activation and upregulated Treg cells. CONCLUSIONS These results indicate that the intestinal microbiota and microbial metabolites play an important role in the antitumor effect of OVV in CRC. Furthermore, altering the intestinal microbiota composition can modulate the antitumor and immunomodulatory effects of OVV in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Medical College and the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, China
| | - Guanjun Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Medical College and the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, China
| | - Ling Qin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Medical College and the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, China
| | - Bing Hu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Clinical Medical College and the First Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu Medical College, Chengdu, 610500, China.
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13
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Ron R, Moreno E, Rosas Cancio-Suárez M, Serrano-Villar S. The microbiome as a biomarker of anal precancerous lesions in people with HIV. Curr Opin Infect Dis 2024; 37:17-25. [PMID: 37889583 DOI: 10.1097/qco.0000000000000985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Early detection and treatment of human papillomavirus (HPV)-related anal dysplasia in some high-risk groups can help anal cancer prevention, but new tools to improve diagnostic and risk assessment are needed. Here, we aim to discuss the evidence on the role of the microbiome as a potential biomarker for anal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSILs) in people with HIV (PWH). RECENT FINDINGS This review covers relevant studies on the links between the microbiome and HPV infection, cervical dysplasia/cancer, and anal HPV disease. It focuses on anal samples and precancerous lesions. SUMMARY The review highlights the promising potential of the anal microbiome as a novel biomarker for precancerous lesions in people with HIV, while also discussing limitations and future research needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Ron
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain, CIBERINFEC
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14
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Wu J, Zhang P, Mei W, Zeng C. Intratumoral microbiota: implications for cancer onset, progression, and therapy. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1301506. [PMID: 38292482 PMCID: PMC10824977 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1301506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Significant advancements have been made in comprehending the interactions between the microbiome and cancer. However, prevailing research predominantly directs its focus toward the gut microbiome, affording limited consideration to the interactions of intratumoral microbiota and tumors. Within the tumor microenvironment (TME), the intratumoral microbiome and its associated products wield regulatory influence, directing the modulation of cancer cell properties and impacting immune system functionality. However, to grasp a more profound insight into the intratumoral microbiota in cancer, further research into its underlying mechanisms is necessary. In this review, we delve into the intricate associations between intratumoral microbiota and cancer, with a specific focus on elucidating the significant contribution of intratumoral microbiota to the onset and advancement of cancer. Notably, we provide a detailed exploration of therapeutic advances facilitated by intratumoral microbiota, offering insights into recent developments in this burgeoning field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinmei Wu
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wuxuan Mei
- Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Changchun Zeng
- Department of Medical Laboratory, Shenzhen Longhua District Central Hospital, Shenzhen, China
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15
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Wang M, Yu F, Li P. Intratumor microbiota in cancer pathogenesis and immunity: from mechanisms of action to therapeutic opportunities. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1269054. [PMID: 37868956 PMCID: PMC10587687 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1269054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial species that dwell human bodies have profound effects on overall health and multiple pathological conditions. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is characterized by disordered vasculature, hypoxia, excessive nutrition and immunosuppression. Thus, it is a favorable niche for microbial survival and growth. Multiple lines of evidence support the existence of microorganisms within diverse types of cancers. Like gut microbiota, intratumoral microbes have been tightly associated with cancer pathogenesis. Intratumoral microbiota can affect cancer development through various mechanisms, including induction of host genetic mutation, remodeling of the immune landscape and regulation of cancer metabolism and oncogenic pathways. Tumor-associated microbes modulate the efficacy of anticancer therapies, suggesting their potential utility as novel targets for future intervention. In addition, a growing body of evidence has manifested the diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic potential of intratumoral microorganisms in cancer. Nevertheless, our knowledge of the diversity and biological function of intratumoral microbiota is still incomplete. A deeper appreciation of tumor microbiome will be crucial to delineate the key pathological mechanisms underlying cancer progression and hasten the development of personalized treatment approaches. Herein, we summarize the most recent progress of the research into the emerging roles of intratumoral microbiota in cancer and towards clarifying the sophisticated mechanisms involved. Moreover, we discuss the effect of intratumoral microbiota on cancer treatment response and highlight its potential clinical implications in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Wang
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | | | - Peifeng Li
- Institute for Translational Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, College of Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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16
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Xu JY, Fan JX, Hu M, Zeng J. Microorganism-regulated autophagy in gastrointestinal cancer. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16130. [PMID: 37786582 PMCID: PMC10541808 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal cancer has always been one of the most urgent problems to be solved, and it has become a major global health issue. Microorganisms in the gastrointestinal tract regulate normal physiological and pathological processes. Accumulating evidence reveals the role of the imbalance in the microbial community during tumorigenesis. Autophagy is an important intracellular homeostatic process, where defective proteins and organelles are degraded and recycled under stress. Autophagy plays a dual role in tumors as both tumor suppressor and tumor promoter. Many studies have shown that autophagy plays an important role in response to microbial infection. Here, we provide an overview on the regulation of the autophagy signaling pathway by microorganisms in gastrointestinal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun-Yu Xu
- Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | | | - Min Hu
- Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Zeng
- Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing, China
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17
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Guan SW, Lin Q, Wu XD, Yu HB. Weighted gene coexpression network analysis and machine learning reveal oncogenome associated microbiome plays an important role in tumor immunity and prognosis in pan-cancer. J Transl Med 2023; 21:537. [PMID: 37573394 PMCID: PMC10422781 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04411-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND For many years, the role of the microbiome in tumor progression, particularly the tumor microbiome, was largely overlooked. The connection between the tumor microbiome and the tumor genome still requires further investigation. METHODS The TCGA microbiome and genome data were obtained from Haziza et al.'s article and UCSC Xena database, respectively. Separate WGCNA networks were constructed for the tumor microbiome and genomic data after filtering the datasets. Correlation analysis between the microbial and mRNA modules was conducted to identify oncogenome associated microbiome module (OAM) modules, with three microbial modules selected for each tumor type. Reactome analysis was used to enrich biological processes. Machine learning techniques were implemented to explore the tumor type-specific enrichment and prognostic value of OAM, as well as the ability of the tumor microbiome to differentiate TP53 mutations. RESULTS We constructed a total of 182 tumor microbiome and 570 mRNA WGCNA modules. Our results show that there is a correlation between tumor microbiome and tumor genome. Gene enrichment analysis results suggest that the genes in the mRNA module with the highest correlation with the tumor microbiome group are mainly enriched in infection, transcriptional regulation by TP53 and antigen presentation. The correlation analysis of OAM with CD8+ T cells or TAM1 cells suggests the existence of many microbiota that may be involved in tumor immune suppression or promotion, such as Williamsia in breast cancer, Biostraticola in stomach cancer, Megasphaera in cervical cancer and Lottiidibacillus in ovarian cancer. In addition, the results show that the microbiome-genome prognostic model has good predictive value for short-term prognosis. The analysis of tumor TP53 mutations shows that tumor microbiota has a certain ability to distinguish TP53 mutations, with an AUROC value of 0.755. The tumor microbiota with high importance scores are Corallococcus, Bacillus and Saezia. Finally, we identified a potential anti-cancer microbiota, Tissierella, which has been shown to be associated with improved prognosis in tumors including breast cancer, lung adenocarcinoma and gastric cancer. CONCLUSION There is an association between the tumor microbiome and the tumor genome, and the existence of this association is not accidental and could change the landscape of tumor research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Wei Guan
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Wenzhou Central Hospital, The Dingli Clinical Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000 Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
| | - Quan Lin
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Wenzhou Central Hospital, The Dingli Clinical Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000 Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
| | - Xi-Dong Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery Surgery, Wenzhou Central Hospital, The Dingli Clinical Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000 Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
| | - Hai-Bo Yu
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Wenzhou Central Hospital, The Dingli Clinical Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325000 Zhejiang People’s Republic of China
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18
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Lin Q, Guan SW, Yu HB. Immuno-oncology-microbiome axis of gastrointestinal malignancy. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2023; 15:757-775. [PMID: 37275452 PMCID: PMC10237027 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v15.i5.757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Research on the relationship between the microbiome and cancer has been controversial for centuries. Recent works have discovered that the intratumor microbiome is an important component of the tumor microenvironment (TME). Intratumor bacteria, the most studied intratumor microbiome, are mainly localized in tumor cells and immune cells. As the largest bacterial reservoir in human body, the gut microbiome may be one of the sources of the intratumor microbiome in gastrointestinal malignancies. An increasing number of studies have shown that the gut and intratumor microbiome play an important role in regulating the immune tone of tumors. Moreover, it has been recently proposed that the gut and intratumor microbiome can influence tumor progression by modulating host metabolism and the immune and immune tone of the TME, which is defined as the immuno-oncology-microbiome (IOM) axis. The proposal of the IOM axis provides a new target for the tumor microbiome and tumor immunity. This review aims to reveal the mechanism and progress of the gut and intratumor microbiome in gastrointestinal malignancies such as esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, liver cancer, colorectal cancer and pancreatic cancer by exploring the IOM axis. Providing new insights into the research related to gastrointestinal malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quan Lin
- Department of Surgery, Wenzhou Central Hospital, The Dingli Clinical Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Shi-Wei Guan
- Department of Surgery, Wenzhou Central Hospital, The Dingli Clinical Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hai-Bo Yu
- Department of Surgery, Wenzhou Central Hospital, The Dingli Clinical Institute of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, Zhejiang Province, China
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Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Dysregulation of the Mycobiome and Archaeome and Distinct Oncogenic Characteristics according to Subtype and Gender in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043148. [PMID: 36834564 PMCID: PMC9967748 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma (PTC) is characterized by unique tumor morphology, treatment response, and patient outcomes according to subtype and gender. While previous studies have implicated the intratumor bacterial microbiome in the incidence and progression of PTC, few studies have investigated the potential role of fungal and archaeal species in oncogenesis. In this study, we aimed to characterize the intratumor mycobiome and archaeometry in PTC with respect to its three primary subtypes: Classical (CPTC), Follicular Variant (FVPTC), and Tall Cell (TCPTC), and also with respect to gender. RNA-sequencing data were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), including 453 primary tumor tissue samples and 54 adjacent solid tissue normal samples. The PathoScope 2.0 framework was used to extract fungal and archaeal microbial read counts from raw RNA-sequencing data. Overall, we found that the intratumor mycobiome and archaeometry share significant similarities in CPTC, FVPTC, and TCPTC, although most dysregulated species in CPTC are underabundant compared to normal. Furthermore, differences between the mycobiome and archaeometry were more significant between males and females, with a disproportionate number of fungal species overabundant in female tumor samples. Additionally, the expression of oncogenic PTC pathways was distinct across CPTC, FVPTC, and TCPTC, indicating that these microbes may uniquely contribute to PTC pathogenesis in each subtype. Furthermore, differences in the expression of these pathways were observed between males and females. Finally, we found a specific panel of fungi to be dysregulated in BRAF V600E-positive tumors. This study demonstrates the potential importance of microbial species to PTC incidence and oncogenesis.
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20
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Intratumoral microbiota: roles in cancer initiation, development and therapeutic efficacy. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:35. [PMID: 36646684 PMCID: PMC9842669 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-022-01304-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and other eukaryotes, play critical roles in human health. An altered microbiome can be associated with complex diseases. Intratumoral microbial components are found in multiple tumor tissues and are closely correlated with cancer initiation and development and therapy efficacy. The intratumoral microbiota may contribute to promotion of the initiation and progression of cancers by DNA mutations, activating carcinogenic pathways, promoting chronic inflammation, complement system, and initiating metastasis. Moreover, the intratumoral microbiota may not only enhance antitumor immunity via mechanisms including STING signaling activation, T and NK cell activation, TLS production, and intratumoral microbiota-derived antigen presenting, but also decrease antitumor immune responses and promote cancer progression through pathways including upregulation of ROS, promoting an anti-inflammatory environment, T cell inactivation, and immunosuppression. The effect of intratumoral microbiota on antitumor immunity is dependent on microbiota composition, crosstalk between microbiota and the cancer, and status of cancers. The intratumoral microbiota may regulate cancer cell physiology and the immune response by different signaling pathways, including ROS, β-catenin, TLR, ERK, NF-κB, and STING, among others. These viewpoints may help identify the microbiota as diagnosis or prognosis evaluation of cancers, and as new therapeutic strategy and potential therapeutic targets for cancer therapy.
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21
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Greco G, Zeppa SD, Agostini D, Attisani G, Stefanelli C, Ferrini F, Sestili P, Fimognari C. The Anti- and Pro-Tumorigenic Role of Microbiota and Its Role in Anticancer Therapeutic Strategies. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 15:190. [PMID: 36612186 PMCID: PMC9818275 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15010190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/22/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Human gut microbiota physiologically and actively participates as a symbiont to a wide number of fundamental biological processes, such as absorption and metabolism of nutrients, regulation of immune response and inflammation; gut microbiota plays also an antitumor role. However, dysbiosis, resulting from a number of different situations-dysmicrobism, infections, drug intake, age, diet-as well as from their multiple combinations, may lead to tumorigenesis and is associated with approximately 20% of all cancers. In a diagnostic, prognostic, therapeutic, and epidemiological perspective, it is clear that the bifaceted role of microbiota needs to be thoroughly studied and better understood. Here, we discuss the anti- and pro-tumorigenic potential of gut and other microbiota districts along with the causes that may change commensal bacteria from friend to foes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Greco
- Department of Chemistry “Giacomo Ciamician”, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Sabrina Donati Zeppa
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Deborah Agostini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Attisani
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Claudio Stefanelli
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, 47921 Rimini, Italy
| | - Fabio Ferrini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Piero Sestili
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, 61029 Urbino, Italy
| | - Carmela Fimognari
- Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, 47921 Rimini, Italy
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22
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The Intratumor Bacterial and Fungal Microbiome Is Characterized by HPV, Smoking, and Alcohol Consumption in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232113250. [PMID: 36362038 PMCID: PMC9655846 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) tumor phenotypes and clinical outcomes are significantly influenced by etiological agents, such as HPV infection, smoking, and alcohol consumption. Accordingly, the intratumor microbiome has been increasingly implicated in cancer progression and metastasis. However, few studies characterize the intratumor microbial landscape of HNSCC with respect to these etiological agents. In this study, we aimed to investigate the bacterial and fungal landscape of HNSCC in association with HPV infection, smoking, and alcohol consumption. RNA-sequencing data were extracted from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) regarding 449 tissue samples and 44 normal samples. Pathoscope 2.0 was used to extract the microbial reads. Microbe abundance was compared to clinical variables, oncogenic signatures, and immune-associated pathways. Our results demonstrated that a similar number of dysregulated microbes was overabundant in smokers and nonsmokers, while heavy drinkers were characterized by an underabundance of dysregulated microbes. Conversely, the majority of dysregulated microbes were overabundant in HPV+ tumor samples when compared to HPV- tumor samples. Moreover, we observed that many dysregulated microbes were associated with oncogenic and metastatic pathways, suggesting their roles in influencing carcinogenesis. These microbes provide insights regarding potential mechanisms for tumor pathogenesis and progression with respect to the three etiological agents.
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23
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Li Q, Li N, Cai W, Xiao M, Liu B, Zeng F. Fermented natural product targeting gut microbiota regulate immunity and anti-inflammatory activity: A possible way to prevent COVID-19 in daily diet. J Funct Foods 2022; 97:105229. [PMID: 36034155 PMCID: PMC9393180 DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2022.105229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Low immune function makes the body vulnerable to being invaded by external bacteria or viruses, causing influenza and inflammation of various organs, and this trend is shifting to the young and middle-aged group. It has been pointed out that natural products fermented by probiotic have benign changes about their active ingredients in some studies, and it have shown strong nutritional value in anti-oxidation, anti-aging, regulating lipid metabolism, anti-inflammatory and improving immunity. In recent years, the gut microbiota plays a key role and has been extensively studied in improving immunity and anti-inflammation activity. By linking the relationship between natural products fermented by probiotic, gut microbiota, immunity, and inflammation, this review presents the modulating effects of probiotics and their fermented natural products on the body, including immunity-enhancing and anti-inflammatory activities by modulating gut microbiota, and it is discussed that the current understanding of its molecular mechanisms. It may become a possible way to prevent COVID-19 through consuming natural products fermented by probiotic in our daily diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quancen Li
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Na Li
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Wenwen Cai
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Meifang Xiao
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Bin Liu
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Feng Zeng
- College of Food Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- National Engineering Research Center of JUNCAO Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
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24
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Zhang Z, Liao Y, Tang D. Intratumoral microbiota: New Frontiers in Tumor Immunity. Carcinogenesis 2022; 43:719-727. [PMID: 35868230 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgac063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbiota-host interactions are a hot topic of research because of their important role in regulating the malignant transformation of cancer cells and cancer-related immunity. The role of gut microbiota, oral microbiota, and skin microbiota in cancer progression has been extensively studied. However, intratumoral microbiota is a recently discovered topic of research that is still in its infancy. This review focuses on the impact of the intratumoral microbiota on cancer immune responses and highlights how the intratumoral microbiota modulates innate and adaptive immunity to potentially impact tumor immunotherapy in the hope that it will inspire potential ideas for the application of immunotherapy in the treatment of tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilin Zhang
- Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yiqun Liao
- Department of Clinical Medical College, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Dong Tang
- Department of General Surgery, Institute of General Surgery, Clinical Medical College, Yangzhou University, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, China
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25
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Padmakumar A, Koyande NP, Rengan AK. The Role of Hitchhiking in Cancer Therapeutics – A review. ADVANCED THERAPEUTICS 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/adtp.202200042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ananya Padmakumar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad Sangareddy 502284 India
| | - Navami Prabhakar Koyande
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad Sangareddy 502284 India
| | - Aravind Kumar Rengan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad Sangareddy 502284 India
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26
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Hieken TJ, Chen J, Chen B, Johnson S, Hoskin TL, Degnim AC, Walther-Antonio MR, Chia N. The breast tissue microbiome, stroma, immune cells and breast cancer. Neoplasia 2022; 27:100786. [PMID: 35366464 PMCID: PMC8971327 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2022.100786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stromal and immune cell composition alterations in benign breast tissue associate with future cancer risk. Pilot data suggest the innate microbiome of normal breast tissue differs between women with and without breast cancer. Microbiome alterations might explain tissue microenvironment variations associated with disease status. METHODS Prospectively-collected sterile normal breast tissues from women with benign (n=16) or malignant (n=17) disease underwent 16SrRNA sequencing with Illumina MiSeq and Hybrid-denovo pipeline processing. Breast tissue was scored for fibrosis and fat percentages and immune cell infiltrates (lobulitis) classified as absent/mild/moderate/severe. Alpha and beta diversity were calculated on rarefied OTU data and associations analyzed with multiple linear regression and PERMANOVA. RESULTS Breast tissue stromal fat% was lower and fibrosis% higher in benign disease versus cancer (median 30% versus 60%, p=0.01, 70% versus 30%, p=0.002, respectively). The microbiome varied with stromal composition. Alpha diversity (Chao1) correlated with fat% (r=0.38, p=0.02) and fibrosis% (r=-0.32, p=0.05) and associated with different microbial populations as indicated by beta diversity metrics (weighted UniFrac, p=0.08, fat%, p=0.07, fibrosis%). Permutation testing with FDR control revealed taxa differences for fat% in Firmicutes, Bacilli, Bacillales, Staphylococcaceae and genus Staphylococcus, and fibrosis% in Firmicutes, Spirochaetes, Bacilli, Bacillales, Spirochaetales, Proteobacteria RF32, Sphingomonadales, Staphylococcaceae, and genera Clostridium, Staphylococcus, Spirochaetes, Actinobacteria Adlercreutzia. Moderate/severe lobulitis was more common in cancer (73%) than benign disease (13%), p=0.003, but no significant microbial associations were seen. CONCLUSION These data suggest a link between breast tissue stromal alterations and its microbiome, further supporting a connection between the breast tissue microenvironment and breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tina J Hieken
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States.
| | - Jun Chen
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Beiyun Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Stephen Johnson
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Tanya L Hoskin
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Amy C Degnim
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | | | - Nicholas Chia
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States; Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States; Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
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27
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The Nutrition-Microbiota-Physical Activity Triad: An Inspiring New Concept for Health and Sports Performance. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14050924. [PMID: 35267899 PMCID: PMC8912693 DOI: 10.3390/nu14050924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The human gut microbiota is currently the focus of converging interest in many diseases and sports performance. This review presents gut microbiota as a real “orchestra conductor” in the host’s physio(patho)logy due to its implications in many aspects of health and disease. Reciprocally, gut microbiota composition and activity are influenced by many different factors, such as diet and physical activity. Literature data have shown that macro- and micro-nutrients influence gut microbiota composition. Cumulative data indicate that gut bacteria are sensitive to modulation by physical activity, as shown by studies using training and hypoactivity models. Sports performance studies have also presented interesting and promising results. Therefore, gut microbiota could be considered a “pivotal” organ for health and sports performance, leading to a new concept: the nutrition-microbiota-physical activity triad. The next challenge for the scientific and medical communities is to test this concept in clinical studies. The long-term aim is to find the best combination of the three elements of this triad to optimize treatments, delay disease onset, or enhance sports performance. The many possibilities offered by biotic supplementation and training modalities open different avenues for future research.
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28
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Li M, Wang X, Wang Y, Bao S, Chang Q, Liu L, Zhang S, Sun L. Strategies for Remodeling the Tumor Microenvironment Using Active Ingredients of Ginseng-A Promising Approach for Cancer Therapy. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:797634. [PMID: 35002732 PMCID: PMC8727883 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.797634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a key role in promoting the initiation and progression of tumors, leading to chemoradiotherapy resistance and immunotherapy failure. Targeting of the TME is a novel anti-tumor therapeutic approach and is currently a focus of anti-tumor research. Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer (ginseng), an ingredient of well-known traditional Asia medicines, exerts beneficial anti-tumor effects and can regulate the TME. Here, we present a systematic review that describes the current status of research efforts to elucidate the functions and mechanisms of ginseng active components (including ginsenosides and ginseng polysaccharides) for achieving TME regulation. Ginsenosides have variety effects on TME, such as Rg3, Rd and Rk3 can inhibit tumor angiogenesis; Rg3, Rh2 and M4 can regulate the function of immune cells; Rg3, Rd and Rg5 can restrain the stemness of cancer stem cells. Ginseng polysaccharides (such as red ginseng acidic polysaccharides and polysaccharides extracted from ginseng berry and ginseng leaves) can regulate TME mainly by stimulating immune cells. In addition, we propose a potential mechanistic link between ginseng-associated restoration of gut microbiota and the tumor immune microenvironment. Finally, we describe recent advances for improving ginseng efficacy, including the development of a nano-drug delivery system. Taken together, this review provides novel perspectives on potential applications for ginseng active ingredients as anti-cancer adjuvants that achieve anti-cancer effects by reshaping the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo Li
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China.,Department of Thyroid Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Department of Neurology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Department of Breast Surgery, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shunchao Bao
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Qing Chang
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Linlin Liu
- Department of Radiotherapy, The Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Shuai Zhang
- Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
| | - Liwei Sun
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, China
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