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Morikawa T, Inoue N, Yamamoto S, Shiotani M, Manse Y, Ninomiya K. Alkylphthalides with intracellular triglyceride metabolism-promoting activity from the rhizomes of Cnidium officinale Makino. J Nat Med 2024; 78:709-721. [PMID: 38575838 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-024-01799-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Methanol extract of the Cnidium officinale Makino rhizome, which is used as a crude drug Cnidium Rhizome (Cnidii Rhizoma; "Senkyu" in Japanese) and is listed in the Japanese Pharmacopoeia XVIII, showed intracellular triglyceride metabolism-promoting activity in high glucose-pretreated HepG2 cells. Thirty-five constituents, including two new alkylphthalide glycosides, senkyunosides A (1) and B (2), and a neolignan with a new stereoisomeric structure (3), were isolated in the extract. Their stereostructures were elucidated based on chemical and spectroscopic evidence. Among the isolates, several alkylphthalides, (Z)-3-butylidene-7-methoxyphthalide (9) and senkyunolides G (10), H (14), and I (15), and a polyacetylene falcarindiol (26), were found to show significant activity without any cytotoxicity at 10 μM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toshio Morikawa
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan.
- Antiaging Center, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan.
| | - Naoki Inoue
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mukogawa Women's University, 11-68 Koshien Kyuban-cho, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, 663-8179, Japan
| | - Saya Yamamoto
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Miyuki Shiotani
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Manse
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
| | - Kiyofumi Ninomiya
- Pharmaceutical Research and Technology Institute, Kindai University, 3-4-1 Kowakae, Higashi-osaka, Osaka, 577-8502, Japan
- School of Pharmacy, Shujitsu University, 1-6-1 Nishigawara, Naka-Ku, Okayama, 703-8516, Japan
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Ma J, Liu W, Wang X, Lu C, Hao Z, Wang Y, Ding Y, Li Y. Cnidium officinale Makino: Phytology, Phytochemistry, Toxicology, Pharmacology and Prescriptions (1967-2023). Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202301639. [PMID: 38062000 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Cnidium officinale Makino (COM), a perennial herbaceous plant in the Apiaceous family, widely distribute in Eastern Asia and Asia-Temperate. It has a long history application as a traditional medicine for invigorating the blood and removing blood stasis, and also has been employed to diet, pesticide, herbal bathing materials, the cosmetic and skin care industry. However, there has been no associated review of literature in the past half a century (1967-2023). By searching the international authoritative databases and collecting 229 literatures closely related to COM, herewith a comprehensive and systematic review was conducted. The phytology includes plant distribution and botanical characteristics. The phytochemistry covers 8 major categories, 208 compounds in total, and the quantitative determination of 14 monomer compounds, total polyphenols and total flavonoids. The clinical trial in pregnant women and toxic experiments in mice, the pharmacology of 7 aspects and 82 frequently used prescriptions are summarized. It is expected that this paper will provide forward-looking scientific thinking and literature support for the further modern research, development and utilization of COM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahui Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Wei Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Xueyu Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Chang Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Zezhuang Hao
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Ye Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Yuling Ding
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
| | - Yong Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, 130117, China
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Kim HE, Han JE, Murthy HN, Kwon HJ, Lee GM, Park SY. Response of Cnidium officinale Makino Plants to Heat Stress and Selection of Superior Clones Using Morphological and Molecular Analysis. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:3119. [PMID: 36432849 PMCID: PMC9697257 DOI: 10.3390/plants11223119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Cnidium officinale is a medicinal plant cultivated for its rhizomes, which are used in Chinese, Japanese, and Korean traditional medicine. This medicinal crop is highly susceptible to heat stress and cannot be cultivated in regions of higher temperatures. In the present study, ten clones from Korea (clones 1, 2, 5, 6, 8, 11, 14, 15, 22, and 26) were evaluated for their heat tolerance in vitro at 25, 30, 32.5, and 35 °C, and growth characteristics including plant height, the number of leaves and roots were evaluated. The initial experiment was conducted to find the threshold level for significant damage to the plant, while the second experiment was to screen the germplasm to select heat-tolerant clones. Most of the clones were sensitive to heat stress (clones 1, 2, 8, 11, 14, 15, 22, and 26), and few clones (clones 5 and 6) could perform well at an elevated temperature of 32.5 °C. Molecular analysis of the expression of heat-responsive genes, including heat shock protein (CoHSP), catalase (CoCAT), and cystine protease (CoCP), was performed by quantitative real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) carried out with heat-tolerant and heat-sensitive clones. Two of the heat-tolerant clones (clones 5 and 6) showed significant expression of CoHSP and CoCAT genes at elevated temperature treatment. These clones can be used for further evaluation and cultivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyung-Eun Kim
- Department of Horticultural Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
- Korea Disease Control and Prevention Agency, Osong-eup, Cheongju 28159, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Eun Han
- Department of Horticultural Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
| | - Hosakatte Niranjana Murthy
- Department of Horticultural Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
- Department of Botany, Karnatak University, Dharwad 580003, India
| | - Hyuk-Joon Kwon
- Food Science R&D Center, Kolmar BNH Co., Seocho-gu, Seoul 30003, Republic of Korea
| | - Gun-Myung Lee
- Food Science R&D Center, Kolmar BNH Co., Seocho-gu, Seoul 30003, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Young Park
- Department of Horticultural Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Republic of Korea
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Choi JS, Han JY, Koren G, Cho YK. Evaluation of fetal and neonatal outcomes after ingestion of Cnidium root (Cnidium officinale Makino) during pregnancy. Early Hum Dev 2021; 161:105456. [PMID: 34500137 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2021.105456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Cnidium officinale Makino is a perennial plant, a member of the Umbelliferae family. Cnidium root has traditionally been used as a medicinal herb. It has analgesic, antiinflammatory, antipyretic, antibacterial, antispasmodic, vasodilatory, hypertensive, and sedative effects. However, there are no studies of reproductive toxicity in humans. Therefore, this study aimed to prospectively evaluate the fetal and neonatal outcomes in the children of women who inadvertently used Cnidium root during pregnancy. In a prospective cohort study design, 111 singleton pregnant women taking Cnidium root for various reasons, and 219 age-matched singleton pregnant women unexposed to any herbal agent (unexposed group), were followed up until delivery. In the exposed group, Cnidium root was indicated as controlling cough and cold in 54.1% of patients, at the maximal dose of 12,000 mg/day between 1 day to 12.4 weeks of gestation. Fetal outcomes, including birth weight and 1- and 5-min Apgar score, were similar for the two groups. There were four babies born with major malformations in the exposed group vs. 14 in the unexposed group (OR = 0.5; 95% CI 0.2-1.6; p = 0.190). The gestational age, length, and head circumference were relatively shorter among babies born in the exposed group. Even after adjusting for gender, there was a tenfold increase in the frequency of shorter newborns (<2SD) in the exposed group (OR = 10.1; 95% CI 1.2-87.6; p = 0.019). Our study suggests that Cnidium root is not a major human teratogen. Whether lesser gestational ages at birth and shorter birth lengths are clinically relevant after exposure to Cnidium remains to be elucidated in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- June-Seek Choi
- Korean Motherisk Program, Republic of Korea; Department of OB & GYN, Republic of Korea; CHA Gangnam Medical Center, CHA University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jung-Yeol Han
- Korean Motherisk Program, Republic of Korea; Department of OB & GYN, Republic of Korea; Inje University, Ilsan Paik Hospital, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Gideon Koren
- Department of Pharmacology, Israel; Ariel University, Motherisk Israel Program, Ari'el, Israel
| | - Yeon-Kyung Cho
- Department of OB & GYN, Republic of Korea; CHA Gangnam Medical Center, CHA University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Lee NH, Jung DS, Hong J. Antioxidant Properties and Protective Effects of Aerial Parts from Cnidium officinale Makino on Oxidative Stress-Induced Neuronal Cell Death. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2021; 26:200-208. [PMID: 34316485 PMCID: PMC8276706 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2021.26.2.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The rhizomes of Cnidium officinale Makino have been used as a
traditional medicine for many purposes, however, use of its aerial parts is very
limited. We investigated the antioxidant properties and protective effects of
the aerial parts (leaves and stems) from C. officinale on
H2O2-induced toxicity in SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma.
C. officinale methanol extracts (70%) were sequentially
fractionated using hexane (non-polar fraction, NF), ethyl acetate (intermediate
polar fraction, IF), and water (polar fraction, PF). Total phenolics and
flavonoids contents were highest in IF, followed by PF. IF also showed the
strongest radical scavenging activities against 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl
and 2,2’-azinobis(3-ethylbenzo-thiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), as well as
superoxide, with the half maximal inhibitory concentrations of 13.2, 23.2, and
12.8 mg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, all fractions significantly inhibited
linoleic acid peroxidation induced by the Fenton reaction or by UV irradiation.
Both PF and IF protected against H2O2-induced SH-SY5Y
neuronal cell death by increasing the cell survival by 22.1∼47.7 and
35.9∼50.3% at concentrations of 25∼100 and 25∼400 μg/mL,
respectively, whereas NF was toxic to the cells at these concentrations. IF also
significantly decreased intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species by
7.72∼47.47% at a concentration of 25∼200 μg/mL. Our results
indicate that compounds from the aerial parts of C. officinale
have potent antioxidant activities, which may help rescue neuronal cells from
oxidative stress-induced injury. Therefore, the aerial parts, as well as the
rhizomes, of C. officinale may have medicinal applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Hyun Lee
- Division of Applied Food System, College of Natural Science, Seoul Women's University, Seoul 01797, Korea
| | - Dong Sun Jung
- Division of Applied Food System, College of Natural Science, Seoul Women's University, Seoul 01797, Korea
| | - Jungil Hong
- Division of Applied Food System, College of Natural Science, Seoul Women's University, Seoul 01797, Korea
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Hu TY, Li LM, Pan YZ. CTRP3 inhibits high glucose-induced human glomerular mesangial cell dysfunction. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:5729-5736. [PMID: 30362596 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
C1q/tumour necrosis factor-related protein-3 (CTRP3) is a member of CTRP family, and its blood level is reduced in human and rodent models of obesity and diabetes. However, the role of CTRP3 in diabetic nephropathy remains unclear. This study was designed to examine the effects of CTRP3 on cell proliferation and extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation in human glomerular mesangial cells (MCs) in response to high glucose (HG), and explore the potential molecular mechanisms. Our results demonstrated that the expression of CTRP3 was significantly decreased by HG stimulation in MCs. In addition, CTRP3 overexpression inhibited MCs proliferation, reactive oxygen species level, and ECM production in HG-stimulated MCs. Mechanistically, CTRP3 overexpression inhibited the activation of the Janus kinase 2/signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (JAK2/STAT3) pathway in HG-stimulated MCs. Taken together, these findings indicated that CTRP3 attenuated HG-induced MC proliferation and ECM production through the inactivation of the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. Thus, CTRP3 may be a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Ying Hu
- Department of Endocrinology, Weinan Central Hospital, Weinan, Shaanxi, China
| | - La-Mei Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Weinan Central Hospital, Weinan, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yan-Zi Pan
- Department of Nephropathy, Baoji Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Baoji, Shaanxi, China
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7
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Tran HNK, Cao TQ, Kim JA, Youn UJ, Kim S, Woo MH, Min BS. Anti-inflammatory activity of compounds from the rhizome of Cnidium officinale. Arch Pharm Res 2018; 41:977-985. [PMID: 29961195 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-018-1048-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Five new compounds, 9,3'-dimethoxyhierochin A (1), 6-oxo-trans-neocnidilide (2), (±)-(3E)-trans-6-hydroxy-7-methoxydihydroligustilide (3), (±)-cnidiumin (4), and 6-(1-oxopentyl)-salicylic acid methyl ester (5), together with twenty known compounds (6-25), were isolated from the rhizome of Cnidium officinale. The chemical structures of new compounds were established by NMR spectroscopic techniques, mass spectrometry, Mosher's method, and CD spectrum. Their anti-inflammatory activities were evaluated against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitric oxide (NO) production in macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. Compounds 7, 13, and 14 showed inhibitory effects with IC50 values of 5.1, 24.5, and 27.8 μM, respectively. In addition, compounds 7, 13, and 14 reduced LPS-induced inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein in a concentration-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huynh Nguyen Khanh Tran
- College of Pharmacy, Drug Research and Development Center, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongbuk, 38430, Republic of Korea
| | - Thao Quyen Cao
- College of Pharmacy, Drug Research and Development Center, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongbuk, 38430, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Ah Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ui Joung Youn
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghee Kim
- Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon, 21990, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Hee Woo
- College of Pharmacy, Drug Research and Development Center, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongbuk, 38430, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Sun Min
- College of Pharmacy, Drug Research and Development Center, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongbuk, 38430, Republic of Korea.
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Falcarindiol inhibits LPS-induced inflammation via attenuating MAPK and JAK-STAT signaling pathways in murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2018; 445:169-178. [PMID: 29368095 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-017-3262-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Falcarindiol (FAD) is a natural polyacetylene compound found rich in many plants of the Umbelliferae family. Previously, we isolated FAD from the rhizome of Cnidium officinale Makino, which belongs to the Umbelliferae family and found it to have a significant inhibitory effect on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of nitric oxide, a pro-inflammatory molecule in murine macrophage RAW 264.7 cells. In this study, we investigated its effect on the expression of other major pro-inflammatory molecules as well as the mechanism underlying these effects. Pre-treatment of RAW 264.7 cells with FAD suppressed LPS-stimulated mRNA expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and thereby reduced the respective protein levels. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that FAD attenuated the LPS-induced activation of JNK, ERK, STAT1, and STAT3 signaling molecules. Moreover, we found that FAD did not influence LPS-induced activation of p38 and NFκB signaling pathways. Collectively, this study provides evidence that FAD inhibits the production of major pro-inflammatory molecules in LPS-challenged murine macrophages via suppression of JNK, ERK, and STAT signaling pathways.
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Choi ES, Yoon JJ, Han BH, Jeong DH, Lee YJ, Kang DG, Lee HS. Ligustilide attenuates vascular inflammation and activates Nrf2/HO-1 induction and, NO synthesis in HUVECs. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 38:12-23. [PMID: 29425644 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2017.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ligustilide is a bioactive phthalide derivative isolated from Cnidii Rhizoma (Cnidium officinale, rhizome) and Angelicae Gigantis Radix (Angelica gigas Nakai, root) which are both medicinal herbs used to treat circulatory disorders. Vascular endothelium is a central spot in developing cardiovascular diseases and chronic vascular inflammation might result in atherosclerosis development. PURPOSE We previously found out that a traditional herbal formula, Samul-Tang (Si-Wu-Tang, containing Cnidii Rhizoma and Angelicae Gigantis Radix), attenuated vascular inflammation in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs). However, which compound was responsible for vascular protective action remained unclear. Here, we investigated vascular protective potential of an isolated single compound, (Z)-ligustilide. METHODS MTT assay, western blotting, immunofluorescence, electrophoretic mobility shift assay was performed. BCECF-AM, CM-H2DCFDA, DAF-FM diacetate were used as a fluorescent indicator. RESULTS Ligustilide suppressed HL-60 monocyte adhesion and CAMs (ICAM-1, VCAM-1, E-selectin) expression in HUVECs. Ligustilide significantly inhibited TNF-α-increased production of ROS and activated NF-κB signaling pathway. Also, ligustilide treated HUVECs exhibited significant HO-1 induction via Nrf2 nuclear translocation and endothelial NO synthesis. CONCLUSION Present study demonstrates that ligustilde attenuates vascular inflammation and activate defense system of endothelial cell. Ligustilide is a bioactive compound which might prevent cardiovascular complications such as thrombosis or atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Sik Choi
- College of Oriental Medicine and Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea; Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Joo Yoon
- College of Oriental Medicine and Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea; Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Hyuk Han
- College of Oriental Medicine and Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea; Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Da Hye Jeong
- College of Oriental Medicine and Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea; Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Jung Lee
- College of Oriental Medicine and Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea; Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Gill Kang
- College of Oriental Medicine and Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea; Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea.
| | - Ho Sub Lee
- College of Oriental Medicine and Professional Graduate School of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea; Hanbang Cardio-Renal Syndrome Research Center, Wonkwang University, 460 Iksandae-ro, Jeonbuk 54538, Republic of Korea.
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Nan L, Huang M, Lai W, Jia R, Zheng Y, Yang L, Xie Q, Peng W. Impacts of the serum containing total flavonoids of Ajuga on rat glomerular mesangial cells. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:4895-4902. [PMID: 28791415 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to investigate the impacts and possible mechanisms of total flavonoids of Ajuga (TFA) on glomerular mesangial cells (GMC) through in vitro observations of the impacts of TFA‑containing serum on GMC proliferation and extracellular matrix (ECM) secretion in lipopolysaccharides (LPS)‑induced rats. Rat GMC was cultured in vitro, using LPS to stimulate the proliferation of GMC and the secretion of ECM; meanwhile, TFA‑containing serum (TFA‑S) was used for the intervention. Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay was performed to test the proliferation of GMC; enzyme‑linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to detect the expressions of fibronectin (FN) and collagen IV (Col‑IV) in cell supernatant, flow cytometry was performed to detect the cell cycle, and reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction was performed to detect the expression levels of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP‑9) mRNA and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF‑β1) mRNA. The GMC proliferation and the expressions of FN and Col‑IV in cell supernatant were significantly reduced after 24 and 48 h TFA‑S intervention (P<0.05 or 0.01). A total of 48 h subsequent to the intervention, the proportion of GMC in the G1 phase and the relative expression of MMP‑9 mRNA were significantly increased (P<0.05 or 0.01), however the proportion of GMC in S phase and the relative expression of TGF‑β1 mRNA were significantly reduced (P<0.05 or 0.01). TFA‑S can inhibit LPS‑induced GMC proliferation and ECM accumulation, and its roles are associated with regulating the cell cycle and the expression levels of TGF‑β1 and MMP‑9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Nan
- College of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Mei Huang
- College of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Wenfang Lai
- College of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Ru Jia
- College of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Yanfang Zheng
- College of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Lan Yang
- College of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Qingqing Xie
- College of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
| | - Weihua Peng
- Department of Nephrology, Fuzhou General Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350025, P.R. China
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11
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Wang H, Wang J, Qu H, Wei H, Ji B, Yang Z, Wu J, He Q, Luo Y, Liu D, Duan Y, Liu F, Deng H. In vitro and in vivo inhibition of mTOR by 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 to improve early diabetic nephropathy via the DDIT4/TSC2/mTOR pathway. Endocrine 2016; 54:348-359. [PMID: 27395420 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-016-0999-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
We investigated whether 1,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) could improve early diabetic nephropathy through the DNA-damage-inducible transcript 4/tuberous sclerosis 2/mammalian target of rapamycin pathway. Rat mesangial cells were cultured in media containing normal glucose or high glucose and were treated with or without 1,25(OH)2D3. Mesangial cells proliferation was measured. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were injected intravenously with a recombinant lentivirus against the rat vitamin D receptor gene. Urinary and serum albumin, fasting plasma glucose, serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, calcium, parathyroid hormone and serum 25-dihydroxy-vitamin D (25(OH)D) levels, mean glomerular volume, glomerular basement membrane thickness and total kidney volume were determined. The expressions of vitamin D receptor, DNA-damage-inducible transcript 4, and mammalian target of rapamycin were measured. 1,25(OH)2D3 inhibited the proliferation of mesangial cells induced by hyperglycemia. 1,25(OH)2D3 also significantly reduced albumin excretion, mean glomerular volume, glomerular basement membrane, and total kidney volume in rats with diabetic nephropathy. The expression of DNA-damage-inducible transcript 4 was elevated by 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment. The phosphorylation of mammalian target of rapamycin was reduced by 1,25(OH)2D3 treatment. Vitamin D receptor gene silencing blocked all of the above results. The current study demonstrates that 1,25(OH)2D3 can effectively inhibit mesangial cells proliferation induced by hyperglycemia, thus suppressing the development of diabetic nephropathy. This study also shows that the nephron-protective effect of 1,25(OH)2D3 occurs partly through the DDIT4/TSC2/mTOR pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hang Wang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Jianmin Wang
- Department of Nephrology, Chongqing Armed Corps Police Hospital, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Hua Qu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Huili Wei
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Baolan Ji
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Zesong Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Jing Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Qin He
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Luo
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Yang Duan
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China
| | - Huacong Deng
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, P.R. China.
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Immunomodulatory and Antidiabetic Effects of a New Herbal Preparation (HemoHIM) on Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2014; 2014:461685. [PMID: 25045390 PMCID: PMC4087252 DOI: 10.1155/2014/461685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Revised: 05/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
HemoHIM (a new herbal preparation of three edible herbs: Angelica gigas Nakai, Cnidium officinale Makino, and Paeonia japonica Miyabe) was developed to protect immune, hematopoietic, and self-renewal tissues against radiation. This study determined whether or not HemoHIM could alter hyperglycemia and the immune response in diabetic mice. Both nondiabetic and diabetic mice were orally administered HemoHIM (100 mg/kg) once a day for 4 weeks. Diabetes was induced by single injection of streptozotocin (STZ, 200 mg/kg, i.p.). In diabetic mice, HemoHIM effectively improved hyperglycemia and glucose tolerance compared to the diabetic control group as well as elevated plasma insulin levels with preservation of insulin staining in pancreatic β-cells. HemoHIM treatment restored thymus weight, white blood cells, lymphocyte numbers, and splenic lymphocyte populations (CD4+ T and CD8+ T), which were reduced in diabetic mice, as well as IFN-γ production in response to Con A stimulation. These results indicate that HemoHIM may have potential as a glucose-lowering and immunomodulatory agent by enhancing the immune function of pancreatic β-cells in STZ-induced diabetic mice.
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Lee SH, Lee JH, Oh EY, Kim GY, Choi BT, Kim C, Choi YH. Ethanol extract of Cnidium officinale exhibits anti-inflammatory effects in BV2 microglial cells by suppressing NF-κB nuclear translocation and the activation of the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Int J Mol Med 2013; 32:876-82. [PMID: 23864034 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2013.1447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 07/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic microglial activation endangers neuronal survival through the release of various toxic pro-inflammatory molecules; thus, negative regulators of microglial activation have been identified as potential therapeutic candidates for several neurological diseases. In this study, we investigated the inhibitory effects of an ethanol extract of Cnidium officinale rhizomes (EECO), which has been used as a herbal drug in Oriental medicine, on the production of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced pro-inflammatory mediators, such as nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂), as well as that of pro-inflammatory cytokines in BV2 microglia cells. EECO significantly inhibited the excess production of NO and PGE₂ in LPS-stimulated BV2 microglia cells. It also attenuated the expression of inducible NO synthase, cyclooxygenase-2, as well as that of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α. Moreover, EECO exhibited anti-inflammatory properties by suppressing nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) translocation and the activation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/Akt pathway in LPS-stimulated BV2 cells. These results indicate that EECO exerts anti-inflammatory effects in LPS-stimulated BV2 microglial cells by inhibiting pro-inflammatory mediators and cytokine production by blocking the NF-κB pathway. These findings suggest that EECO has substantial therapeutic potential for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases accompanied by microglial activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin Hwa Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 305-701, Republic of Korea
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Jeong JB, Hong SC, Jeong HJ, Koo JS. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Ethyl Acetate Fraction from Cnidium officinale Makino on LPS-Stimulated RAW 264.7 and THP-1 Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.7732/kjpr.2012.25.3.299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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15
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Ke HL, Zhang YW, Zhou BF, Zhen RT. Effects of Danggui Buxue Tang, a traditional Chinese herbal decoction, on high glucose-induced proliferation and expression of extracellular matrix proteins in glomerular mesangial cells. Nat Prod Res 2011; 26:1022-6. [PMID: 21878005 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2010.546796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is the leading cause of end-stage failure of the kidney, but the efficacy of currently available strategies for the prevention of DN remains unsatisfactory. In this study, we investigated the effects of Danggui Buxue Tang (DBT), a Chinese herbal decoction prepared from Radix Astragali (RA) and Radix Angelicae sinensis (RAS), on high glucose-induced proliferation and expression of laminin, type IV collagen (collagen IV) and fibronectin in glomerular mesangial cells (GMCs). The cell proliferation was determined by MTT assay, and the expression of collagen IV, laminin and fibronectin in GMCs was detected by ELISA assay. It was shown that high glucose clearly induced the proliferation of GMCs and increased the release of collagen IV, laminin and fibronectin. Treatment with RA, RAS and DBT inhibited cell proliferation and the expression of collagen IV, laminin and fibronectin induced by high glucose, with DBT, especially at the highest concentration (DBT20), exhibiting a stronger effect than RA and RAS alone. Thus, it is concluded that DBT inhibits increased cell proliferation and the expression of major extracellular matrix proteins that are induced by high glucose, indicating its value for prophylaxis and therapy of DN at the early stages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Liang Ke
- Department of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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16
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Ramalingam M, Yong-Ki P. Free radical scavenging activities of Cnidium officinale Makino and Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort. methanolic extracts. Pharmacogn Mag 2010; 6:323-30. [PMID: 21120037 PMCID: PMC2992148 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.71794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2010] [Revised: 06/24/2010] [Accepted: 10/20/2010] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antioxidants from natural resources possess multifaceted and importance of the activities provides substantial scope in neurodegenerative diseases. The aim of this study was to assess and compare the free radical scavenging activities of Cnidium officinale and Ligusticum chuanxiong, which are closely related species. MATERIALS AND METHODS The scavenging activities of plant materials were evaluated using Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC), oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), superoxide radical (O(2)·(-)), hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)), hydroxyl (OH·), nitric oxide radical (NO·) and metal chelation. In addition, the cell viability and nitric oxide release were assayed using Neuro-2a (N2a) cells. RESULTS The methanolic extracts of C. officinale and L. chuanxiong showed scavenging activities of free radicals with an additional antioxidant capacity. Moreover, the efficacy on the cell viability and nitric oxide release in cell culture model has been established. CONCLUSION Results of the present study suggests that the extracts of C. officinale and L. chuanxiong have comparatively similar free radical scavenging activities in vitro and may have important health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Ramalingam
- Oriental Medicine Research Institute, Dongguk University, 707, Seokjangdong, Gyeongju, Gyeongbuk 780-714, Republic of Korea
| | - Park Yong-Ki
- Department of Herbology, College of Oriental Medicine, Dongguk University, 707, Seokjangdong, Gyeongju, Gyeongbuk 780-714, Republic of Korea
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Li J, Lee YS, Choi JS, Sung HY, Kim JK, Lim SS, Kang YH. Roasted licorice extracts dampen high glucose-induced mesangial hyperplasia and matrix deposition through blocking Akt activation and TGF-beta signaling. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2010; 17:800-810. [PMID: 20382513 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2010.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2009] [Revised: 12/21/2009] [Accepted: 02/09/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN) characterized as nephrotic syndrome and diffuse glomerulosclerosis can cause renal failure and end-stage kidney disease. Expansion of mesangial matrix around capillaries in the kidney glomeruli is a prominent feature of DN. This study investigated whether licorice extracts inhibited mesangial cell (MC) proliferation and matrix accumulation induced by high glucose (HG). Human renal MC were cultured in media containing 5.5 mM glucose plus 27.5 mM mannitol as an osmotic control or 33 mM glucose for 3 d in the presence of water or ethanol extracts from raw licorice (LW, LE) or roasted licorice (RLW, RLE). Non-polar components including glycyrrhetic acid were elevated during licorice roasting, whereas polar components soluble in water extracts were diminished. Exposure of cells to HG caused significant increases in collagen IV secretion and connective tissue growth factor (CTGF) expression, which was appeased by RLW and RLE at transcriptional levels. The inhibitory potency was high in the order of RLE > or = RLW > or = LE > > LW. Non-polar glycyrrhetic acid but not glycyrrhizin retarded HG-stimulated mesangial matrix deposition through diminishing CTGF expression. In addition, RLW and RLE but not LW modulated membrane type matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MT-1 MMP) expression, MMP-2 activity and tissue inhibitor of MMP-2 (TIMP-2), which facilitated the degradation of mesangial matrix. Furthermore, the augmented expression of CTGF and TIMP-2 in HG-exposed cells was mediated by Akt activation and TGF-beta/Smad signaling through PKCbeta2-responsive signaling pathways. However, HG-down-regulated MT-1 MMP expression was independent of activation of ERK1/2 and Akt when using their inhibitors of DB98059 (ERK1/2) and LY294002 (Akt) alone or in combination. These results demonstrate that extracts from roasted licorice may be highly potent therapeutic agents for the prevention and treatment of mesangial fibrosis and glomerulosclerosis leading to diabetes nephropathy due to longstanding diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Li
- Department of Food and Nutrition and Korean Institute of Nutrition, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Kangwon-do 200-702, South Korea
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Park MJ, Bae CS, Lim SK, Kim DI, Lim JC, Kim JC, Han HJ, Moon JH, Kim KY, Yoon KC, Park SH. Effect of protopanaxadiol derivatives in high glucose-induced fibronectin expression in primary cultured rat mesangial cells: role of mitogen-activated protein kinases and Akt. Arch Pharm Res 2010; 33:151-7. [PMID: 20191356 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-010-2237-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2009] [Revised: 10/27/2009] [Accepted: 10/28/2009] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
A lot of anti-diabetic agents using natural plants have been extensively studied. Ginsenosides are known to be used as a remedy for diabetes in Asian countries and American Societies. Diabetic nephropathy is a major complication of diabetes mellitus. Extracellular matrix in mesangial cells is mainly composed of fibronectin and the increase of fibronectin is a hallmark of diabetic nephropathy. Protopenaxadiol (PPD) is a major component of total ginseng. Thus, we examined the regulatory mechanism of PPD derivatives-induced preventive effect of fibronectin expression in mesangial cells cultivated under diabetic condition. In present study, ginsenoside Rb1 prevented the high glucose-induced increase of fibronectin expression in mesangial cells. Ginsenoside Rb2 and Rg3 also mildly inhibited it. However, ginsenoside Rc and Rd did not prevent the high glucose-induced increase of fibronectin expression in mesangial cells. In addition, ginsenoside Rb1 prevented high glucose-induced phosphorylation of p44/42 mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK), p38 MAPK, JNK/SAPK, and Akt. These results suggest that ginsenoside Rb1 is the most powerful component of PPD derivatives. In conclusion, ginsenoside Rb1 prevented high glucose-induced increase of fibronectin expression via the inhibition of MAPK-Akt signaling cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jung Park
- Bio-therapy Human Resources Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 500-757, Korea
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Jeong JB, Ju SY, Park JH, Lee JR, Yun KW, Kwon ST, Lim JH, Chung GY, Jeong HJ. Antioxidant activity in essential oils of Cnidium officinale makino and Ligusticum chuanxiong hort and their inhibitory effects on DNA damage and apoptosis induced by ultraviolet B in mammalian cell. Cancer Epidemiol 2009; 33:41-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2009.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2008] [Revised: 11/14/2008] [Accepted: 04/01/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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20
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Jeong JB, Park JH, Lee HK, Ju SY, Hong SC, Lee JR, Chung GY, Lim JH, Jeong HJ. Protective effect of the extracts from Cnidium officinale against oxidative damage induced by hydrogen peroxide via antioxidant effect. Food Chem Toxicol 2008; 47:525-9. [PMID: 19101603 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2008.11.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2008] [Revised: 11/04/2008] [Accepted: 11/27/2008] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The dried rhizomes of Cnidium officinale are used as herbal drugs in the treatment of pain, inflammation, menstrual disturbance and antivitamin deficiency disease, and also act as a blood pressure depressant. In addition, there are several reports suggesting that they have pharmacological properties to tumor metastasis and angiogenesis, and that they act as an inhibitor of high glucose-induced proliferation of glomerular mesangial cells. However, little has been known about the functional role of the extracts from C. officinale on oxidative DNA damage and apoptosis caused by ROS. In this work, we have investigated the DPPH radical, hydroxyl radical and intracellular ROS scavenging capacity, and Fe(2+) chelating activity of the extracts from C. officinale. In addition, we evaluated whether the extracts are capable of reducing H(2)O(2)-induced DNA and cell damage in the human skin fibroblast cell. These extracts showed a dose-dependent free-radical scavenging capacity and a protective effect on DNA damage and the lipid peroxidation causing the cell damage by ROS. These antioxidant activities and inhibitory effects of the extracts on DNA and cell damage may further explain that C. officinale is useful as a herbal medicine for cancer chemoprevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Boo Jeong
- College of Natural Sciences, Andong National University, Andong, Republic of Korea
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Kim PK, Kim MR, Kim HJ, Yoo HS, Kim JS, Cho EH, Kim CW. Proteome analysis of the rat hepatic stellate cells under high concentrations of glucose. Proteomics 2007; 7:2184-8. [PMID: 17549797 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200700051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
To study the change in hepatic stellate cell (HSC) function under diabetic conditions, we cultured rat HSC in the presence of 5 and 30 mM glucose, which correspond to blood glucose concentrations during the early and late stages of diabetes, respectively. The differentially expressed HSC proteins were analyzed using 2-DE and ESI-Q-TOF MS/MS and confirmed with Western blotting. The changed protein expression will provide greater understanding of glycolysis in HSC at the high concentration of glucose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan-Kyeom Kim
- School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
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