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Jamtsho T, Loukas A, Wangchuk P. Pharmaceutical Potential of Remedial Plants and Helminths for Treating Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:819. [PMID: 39065669 PMCID: PMC11279646 DOI: 10.3390/ph17070819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Research is increasingly revealing that inflammation significantly contributes to various diseases, particularly inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). IBD is a major medical challenge due to its chronic nature, affecting at least one in a thousand individuals in many Western countries, with rising incidence in developing nations. Historically, indigenous people have used natural products to treat ailments, including IBD. Ethnobotanically guided studies have shown that plant-derived extracts and compounds effectively modulate immune responses and reduce inflammation. Similarly, helminths and their products offer unique mechanisms to modulate host immunity and alleviate inflammatory responses. This review explored the pharmaceutical potential of Aboriginal remedial plants and helminths for treating IBD, emphasizing recent advances in discovering anti-inflammatory small-molecule drug leads. The literature from Scopus, MEDLINE Ovid, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science was retrieved using keywords such as natural product, small molecule, cytokines, remedial plants, and helminths. This review identified 55 important Aboriginal medicinal plants and 9 helminth species that have been studied for their anti-inflammatory properties using animal models and in vitro cell assays. For example, curcumin, berberine, and triptolide, which have been isolated from plants; and the excretory-secretory products and their protein, which have been collected from helminths, have demonstrated anti-inflammatory activity with lower toxicity and fewer side effects. High-throughput screening, molecular docking, artificial intelligence, and machine learning have been engaged in compound identification, while clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) gene editing and RNA sequencing have been employed to understand molecular interactions and regulations. While there is potential for pharmaceutical application of Aboriginal medicinal plants and gastrointestinal parasites in treating IBD, there is an urgent need to qualify these plant and helminth therapies through reproducible clinical and mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tenzin Jamtsho
- College of Public Health, Medical, and Veterinary Sciences (CPHMVS), Cairns Campus, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD 4878, Australia
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine (AITHM), Cairns Campus, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD 4878, Australia;
| | - Alex Loukas
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine (AITHM), Cairns Campus, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD 4878, Australia;
| | - Phurpa Wangchuk
- College of Public Health, Medical, and Veterinary Sciences (CPHMVS), Cairns Campus, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD 4878, Australia
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine (AITHM), Cairns Campus, James Cook University, Cairns, QLD 4878, Australia;
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Yeshi K, Turpin G, Jamtsho T, Wangchuk P. Indigenous Uses, Phytochemical Analysis, and Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Australian Tropical Medicinal Plants. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27123849. [PMID: 35744969 PMCID: PMC9231311 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27123849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Australian tropical plants have been a rich source of food (bush food) and medicine to the first Australians (Aboriginal people), who are believed to have lived for more than 50,000 years. Plants such as spreading sneezeweed (Centipeda minima), goat’s foot (Ipomoea pes-caprae), and hop bush (Dodonaea viscosa and D. polyandra) are a few popular Aboriginal medicinal plants. Thus far, more than 900 medicinal plants have been recorded in the tropical region alone, and many of them are associated with diverse ethnomedicinal uses that belong to the traditional owners of Aboriginal people. In our effort to find anti-inflammatory lead compounds in collaboration with Aboriginal communities from their medicinal plants, we reviewed 78 medicinal plants used against various inflammation and inflammatory-related conditions by Aboriginal people. Out of those 78 species, we have included only 45 species whose crude extracts or isolated pure compounds showed anti-inflammatory properties. Upon investigating compounds isolated from 40 species (for five species, only crude extracts were studied), 83 compounds were associated with various anti-inflammatory properties. Alphitolic acid, Betulinic acid, Malabaric acid, and Hispidulin reduced proinflammatory cytokines and cyclooxygenase enzymes (COX-1 and 2) with IC50 values ranging from 11.5 to 46.9 uM. Other promising anti-inflammatory compounds are Brevilin A (from Centipeda minima), Eupalestin, and 5′-methoxy nobiletin (from Ageratum conyzoides), Calophyllolide (from Calophyllum inophyllum), and Brusatol (from Brucea javanica). D. polyandra is one example of an Aboriginal medicinal plant from which a novel anti-inflammatory benzoyl ester clerodane diterpenoid compound was obtained (compound name not disclosed), and it is in the development of topical medicines for inflammatory skin diseases. Medicinal plants in the tropics and those associated with indigenous knowledge of Aboriginal people could be a potential alternative source of novel anti-inflammatory therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karma Yeshi
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Building E4, McGregor Rd, Smithfield, Cairns, QLD 4878, Australia;
- Correspondence:
| | - Gerry Turpin
- Tropical Herbarium of Australia, James Cook University, Building E1, McGregor Rd, Smithfield, Cairns, QLD 4878, Australia;
| | - Tenzin Jamtsho
- Yangchenphug High School, Ministry of Education, Thimphu 11001, Bhutan;
| | - Phurpa Wangchuk
- Centre for Molecular Therapeutics, Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Building E4, McGregor Rd, Smithfield, Cairns, QLD 4878, Australia;
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Upadhyay KD, Dodia NM, Khunt RC, Chaniara RS, Shah AK. Evaluation and in vivo efficacy study of pyrano[3,2‐c]quinoline analogues as TNF‐α inhibitors. Chem Biol Drug Des 2019; 94:1647-1655. [DOI: 10.1111/cbdd.13566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Anamik K. Shah
- National Facility for Drug Discovery (NFDD) Saurashtra University Rajkot India
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Kulkarni-Almeida A, Shah M, Jadhav M, Hegde B, Trivedi J, Mishra PD, Mahajan GB, Dadarkar S, Gupte R, Dagia N. A semi-synthetic natural product blocks collagen induced arthritis by preferentially suppressing the production of IL-6. Int Immunopharmacol 2016; 33:63-9. [PMID: 26869203 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2016.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 12/30/2015] [Accepted: 01/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), an autoimmune-inflammatory disease is characterized by dysregulation of signal transduction pathways, increased production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, enhanced leukocyte infiltration into synovial microvascular endothelium, extensive formation of hyper proliferative pannus, degradation of cartilage and bone erosion. Several compounds that abrogate cytokine production demonstrate a therapeutic effect in experimental models of arthritis. In this study, we report that a novel semi-synthetic natural product (Compound A) being a preferential IL-6 inhibitor, is efficacious in a murine model of arthritis. In vitro evaluations of pro-inflammatory cytokine production reveal that Compound A preferentially inhibits induced production of IL-6 and not TNF-α from THP-1 cells and isolated human monocytes. Furthermore, Compound A robustly inhibits the spontaneous production of IL-6 from pathologically relevant synovial tissue cells isolated from patients with active RA. In a physiologically relevant assay, Compound A selectively inhibits the activated T cell contact-mediated production of IL-6 from human monocytes. Compound A, at pharmacologically efficacious concentrations, does not significantly curtail the LPS-induced activation of p38 MAPKs. In the collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mouse model (i) macroscopic observations demonstrate that Compound A, administered subcutaneously in a therapeutic regimen, significantly and dose-dependently inhibits disease associated increases in articular index and paw thickness; (ii) histological analyses of paw tissues reveal that Compound A prominently diminishes joint destruction, hyperproliferative pannus formation and infiltration of inflammatory cells. Collectively, these results provide direct evidence that Compound A, a novel preferential IL-6 inhibitor, suppresses collagen-induced arthritis, and may be a potential therapeutic for treating patients with active RA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meet Shah
- Piramal Enterprises Ltd., NCE Research Division, Mumbai, India
| | - Mahesh Jadhav
- Piramal Enterprises Ltd., NCE Research Division, Mumbai, India
| | - Bindu Hegde
- Piramal Enterprises Ltd., NCE Research Division, Mumbai, India
| | | | - Prabhu D Mishra
- Piramal Enterprises Ltd., NCE Research Division, Mumbai, India
| | | | - Shruta Dadarkar
- Piramal Enterprises Ltd., NCE Research Division, Mumbai, India
| | - Ravindra Gupte
- Piramal Enterprises Ltd., NCE Research Division, Mumbai, India
| | - Nilesh Dagia
- Piramal Enterprises Ltd., NCE Research Division, Mumbai, India
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Anti-inflammatory properties of mutolide isolated from the fungus Lepidosphaeria species (PM0651419). SPRINGERPLUS 2015; 4:706. [PMID: 26618095 PMCID: PMC4653127 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-015-1493-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Mutolide an anti-inflammatory compound was isolated from the coprophilous fungus Lepidosphaeria sp. (PM0651419). The compound mitigated LPS-induced secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-6 from THP-1 cells as well as human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (hPBMCs). Mutolide also inhibited secretion of another pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-17 from anti-hCD3/anti-hCD28 stimulated hPBMCs. NF-κB is the major transcription factor involved in the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-17. Mechanistic evaluations revealed that mutolide inhibited induced NF-κB activation and translocation from cytoplasm into the nucleus. However, mutolide did not significantly affect activity of p38 MAPK enzyme, a serine/threonine kinase involved in cell cycle proliferation and cytokine secretion. These results indicate that mutolide may exert its anti-inflammatory effect via NF-κB inhibition. Oral administration of mutolide at 100 mg/kg showed significant inhibition of LPS-induced release of TNF-α from Balb/c mice in an acute model of inflammation. Our results highlight the anti-inflammatory properties of mutolide and suggest that further evaluation in a chronic model of inflammation is required to confirm the potential of mutolide as a druggable candidate for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Sudheendran K, Malakar CC, Conrad J, Beifuss U. Synthesis of Functionalized Naphthalenes by Copper(I)-Catalyzed Annulation between 3-(2-Halobenzyl)pentane-2,4-diones and β-Keto Esters, Malonates and Cyanoacetates. Adv Synth Catal 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201300372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Saklani A, Hegde B, Mishra P, Singh R, Mendon M, Chakrabarty D, Kamath DV, Lobo A, Mishra PD, Dagia NM, Padigaru M, Kulkarni-Almeida AA. NF-κB dependent anti-inflammatory activity of chlorojanerin isolated from Saussurea heteromalla. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 19:988-997. [PMID: 22762939 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2012.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2011] [Revised: 04/25/2012] [Accepted: 05/29/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Medicinal plants have shown great promise as a source of novel drug compounds for the treatment of inflammatory disorders. In our search for new entities with anti-inflammatory potential, the extracts of the whole plant of Saussurea heteromalla (family-Asteraceae), collected from Himalayas, were evaluated in the high throughput screen for TNF-α and IL-6 inhibitors. The extract blocked TNF-α and IL-6 production in LPS stimulated THP-1 cells (human acute monocyte leukemia cell line) completely at 10 and 30 μg/ml. The plant has been found as a new source of chlorojanerin, a guaianolide type of sesquiterpene lactone. Chlorojanerin was shown to be significantly effective in inhibiting TNF-α and IL-6 production in LPS-stimulated THP-1 cells (IC(50)=2.3±0.2 μM and 1.8±0.7 μM respectively). The compound also blocked TNF-α and IL-6 production from LPS-stimulated human monocytes (IC(50)=1.5±0.4 and 0.7±0.2 μM respectively) and synovial cells from a patient with rheumatoid arthritis (IC(50)<0.03 and 0.5 μM respectively). Transcriptional profiling of the LPS stimulated THP-1 cells revealed that chlorojanerin exerted its anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting the expression of 8 genes involved in activating the transcription factor - NF-κB. Real time analysis of these genes validated the effect of chlorojanerin on the classical downstream targets of NF-κB. Thus, this study clearly delineated 8 genes which were specifically mitigated due to the effect of chlorojanerin on NF-κB induced signaling at the mRNA level. Further, chlorojanerin at 5 μM also inhibited the binding of NF-κB in a GFP reporter assay system by 55.5% thus validating the microarray gene expression data. This work is a step towards the isolation and characterization of lead anti-inflammatory agents from the extract of Saussurea heteromalla, which can be developed into better therapeutic molecules targeted towards some specific inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arvind Saklani
- Department of Natural Products-Botany, Piramal Healthcare Limited, 1 Nirlon Complex, Goregaon (East), Mumbai 400063, India
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Kulkarni-Almeida AA, Brahma MK, Padmanabhan P, Mishra PD, Parab RR, Gaikwad NV, Thakkar CS, Tokdar P, Ranadive PV, Nair AS, Damre AA, Bahirat UA, Deshmukh NJ, Doshi LS, Dixit AV, George SD, Vishwakarma RA, Nemmani KV, Mahajan GB. Fermentation, Isolation, Structure, and antidiabetic activity of NFAT-133 produced by Streptomyces strain PM0324667. AMB Express 2011; 1:42. [PMID: 22104600 PMCID: PMC3274447 DOI: 10.1186/2191-0855-1-42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2011] [Accepted: 11/21/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Type-2 diabetes is mediated by defects in either insulin secretion or insulin action. In an effort to identify extracts that may stimulate glucose uptake, similar to insulin, a high throughput-screening assay for measuring glucose uptake in skeletal muscle cells was established. During the screening studies to discover novel antidiabetic compounds from microbial resources a Streptomyces strain PM0324667 (MTCC 5543, the Strain accession number at Institute of Microbial Technology, Chandigarh, India), an isolate from arid soil was identified which expressed a secondary metabolite that induced glucose uptake in L6 skeletal muscle cells. By employing bioactivity guided fractionation techniques, a tri-substituted simple aromatic compound with anti-diabetic potential was isolated. It was characterized based on MS and 2D NMR spectral data and identified as NFAT-133 which is a known immunosuppressive agent that inhibits NFAT-dependent transcription in vitro. Our investigations revealed the antidiabetic potential of NFAT-133. The compound induced glucose uptake in differentiated L6 myotubes with an EC50 of 6.3 ± 1.8 μM without activating the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ. Further, NFAT-133 was also efficacious in vivo in diabetic animals and reduced systemic glucose levels. Thus it is a potential lead compound which can be considered for development as a therapeutic for the treatment of type-2 diabetes. We have reported herewith the isolation of the producer microbe, fermentation, purification, in vitro, and in vivo antidiabetic activity of the compound.
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