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Viana Dos Santos MB, Braga de Oliveira A, Veras Mourão RH. Brazilian plants with antimalarial activity: A review of the period from 2011 to 2022. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 322:117595. [PMID: 38122914 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Malaria continues to be a serious global public health problem in subtropical and tropical countries of the world. The main drugs used in the treatment of human malaria, quinine and artemisinin, are isolates of medicinal plants, making the use of plants a widespread practice in countries where malaria is endemic. Over the years, due to the increased resistance of the parasite to chloroquine and artemisinin in certain regions, new strategies for combating malaria have been employed, including research with medicinal plants. AIM This review focuses on the scientific production regarding medicinal plants from Brazil whose antimalarial activity was evaluated during the period from 2011 to 2022. 2. METHODOLOGY For this review, four electronic databases were selected for research: Pubmed, ScienceDirect, Scielo and Periódicos CAPES. Searches were made for full texts published in the form of scientific articles written in Portuguese or English and in a digital format. In addition, prospects for new treatments as well as future research that encourages the search for natural products and antimalarial derivatives are also presented. RESULTS A total of 61 publications were encountered, which cited 36 botanical families and 92 species using different Plasmodium strains in in vitro and in vivo assays. The botanical families with the most expressive number of species found were Rubiaceae, Apocynaceae, Fabaceae and Asteraceae (14, 14, 9 and 6 species, respectively), and the most frequently cited species were of the genera Psychotria L. (8) and Aspidosperma Mart. (12), which belong to the families Rubiaceae and Apocynaceae. Altogether, 75 compounds were identified or isolated from 28 different species, 31 of which are alkaloids. In addition, the extracts of the analyzed species, including the isolated compounds, showed a significant reduction of parasitemia in P. falciparum and P. berghei, especially in the clones W2 CQ-R (in vitro) and ANKA (in vivo), respectively. The Brazilian regions with the highest number of species analyzed were those of the north, especially the states of Pará and Amazonas, and the southeast, especially the state of Minas Gerais. CONCLUSION Although many plant species with antimalarial potential have been identified in Brazil, studies of new antimalarial molecules are slow and have not evolved to the production of a phytotherapeutic medicine. Given this, investigations of plants of traditional use and biotechnological approaches are necessary for the discovery of natural antimalarial products that contribute to the treatment of the disease in the country and in other endemic regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Beatriz Viana Dos Santos
- Laboratório de Bioprospecção e Biologia Experimental - LabBBEx, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Rua Vera Paz, s/n, Salé, 68035-110, Santarém, PA, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Doutorado em Rede de Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia - BIONORTE/Polo Pará. Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa, 01, Guamá, 66075-110, Belém, PA, Brazil.
| | - Alaíde Braga de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Bioprospecção e Biologia Experimental - LabBBEx, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Rua Vera Paz, s/n, Salé, 68035-110, Santarém, PA, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Doutorado em Rede de Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia - BIONORTE/Polo Pará. Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa, 01, Guamá, 66075-110, Belém, PA, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas - PPGCF, Faculdade de Farmácia, Departamento de Produtos Farmacêuticos, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antônio Carlos, 6627, Pampulha, 31270-901, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Rosa Helena Veras Mourão
- Laboratório de Bioprospecção e Biologia Experimental - LabBBEx, Universidade Federal do Oeste do Pará, Rua Vera Paz, s/n, Salé, 68035-110, Santarém, PA, Brazil; Programa de Pós-Graduação Doutorado em Rede de Biodiversidade e Biotecnologia - BIONORTE/Polo Pará. Universidade Federal do Pará, Rua Augusto Corrêa, 01, Guamá, 66075-110, Belém, PA, Brazil
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Nortey NND, Korsah S, Tagoe M, Apenteng JA, Owusu FA, Oppong J, Attah AE, Allotey S. Herbs Used in Antimalarial Medicines: A Study in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2023; 2023:6697078. [PMID: 37636997 PMCID: PMC10460277 DOI: 10.1155/2023/6697078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Methods Pharmacy shops were randomly scouted and products were observed. The active ingredients were documented and their frequencies were determined. Results Forty-four (44) plant species belonging to twenty-eight (28) families were recorded for the treatment of malaria in the survey. The predominant families were the Leguminosae and Meliaceae families. Cryptolepis sanguinolenta (Ghanaian quinine or yellow dye root) and Azadirachta indica (neem tree) were the most cited plants. Cryptolepis and neem tree were used 17 and 15 times, respectively, in the finished herbal products for treating malaria. Conclusion. Cryptolepis sanguinolenta and Azadirachta indica (neem tree) are important herbs for the treatment of malaria in Ghana. Locally manufactured herbal antimalarials are important for the treatment of malaria in urban and rural communities in Ghana.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Samuel Korsah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Central University, Accra, Ghana
| | - Miriam Tagoe
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Central University, Accra, Ghana
| | - John Antwi Apenteng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Central University, Accra, Ghana
| | - Fredrick Akuffo Owusu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Central University, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Josephine Oppong
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Central University, Accra, Ghana
| | - Anita Etornam Attah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Central University, Accra, Ghana
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Unravelling the pharmacological properties of cryptolepine and its derivatives: a mini-review insight. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 396:229-238. [PMID: 36251044 PMCID: PMC9574835 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-022-02302-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Cryptolepine (1,5-methyl-10H-indolo[3,2-b]quinoline), an indoloquinoline alkaloid, found in the roots of Cryptolepis sanguinolenta (Lindl.) Schltr (family: Periplocaceae), is associated with the suppression of cancer and protozoal infections. Cryptolepine also exhibits anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, anti-hyperglycemic, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, anti-hypotensive, antipyretic, and antimuscarinic properties. This review of the latest research data can be exploited to create a basis for the discovery of new cryptolepine-based drugs and their analogues in the near future. PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases were searched to select and collect data from the existing literature on cryptolepine and their pharmacological properties. Several in vitro studies have demonstrated the potential of cryptolepine A as an anticancer and antimalarial molecule, which is achieved through inhibiting DNA synthesis and topoisomerase II. This review summarizes the recent developments of cryptolepine pharmacological properties and functional mechanisms, providing information for future research on this natural product.
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Xu Z, Eichler B, Klausner EA, Duffy-Matzner J, Zheng W. Lead/Drug Discovery from Natural Resources. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27238280. [PMID: 36500375 PMCID: PMC9736696 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural products and their derivatives have been shown to be effective drug candidates against various diseases for many years. Over a long period of time, nature has produced an abundant and prosperous source pool for novel therapeutic agents with distinctive structures. Major natural-product-based drugs approved for clinical use include anti-infectives and anticancer agents. This paper will review some natural-product-related potent anticancer, anti-HIV, antibacterial and antimalarial drugs or lead compounds mainly discovered from 2016 to 2022. Structurally typical marine bioactive products are also included. Molecular modeling, machine learning, bioinformatics and other computer-assisted techniques that are very important in narrowing down bioactive core structural scaffolds and helping to design new structures to fight against key disease-associated molecular targets based on available natural products are considered and briefly reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihong Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Augustana University, 2001 S Summit Ave., Sioux Falls, SD 57197, USA
- Institute of Interventional & Vascular Surgery, Tongji University, Shanghai 200072, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South College School of Pharmacy, 400 Goody’s Lane, Knoxville, TN 37922, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-(605)-274-5008
| | - Barrett Eichler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Augustana University, 2001 S Summit Ave., Sioux Falls, SD 57197, USA
| | - Eytan A. Klausner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South College School of Pharmacy, 400 Goody’s Lane, Knoxville, TN 37922, USA
| | - Jetty Duffy-Matzner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Augustana University, 2001 S Summit Ave., Sioux Falls, SD 57197, USA
| | - Weifan Zheng
- Biomanufacturing Research Institute and Technology Enterprise, North Carolina Central University, 1801 Fayetteville St., Durham, NC 27707, USA
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Frausin G, dos Santos Bruno AC, Freitas Hidalgo AD, Ming LC, Milliken W, Pohlit AM. Amazonian Forest Peoples' Perceptions of Malaria on the Upper Rio Negro, Brazil, are Shaped by Both Local and Scientific Knowledge. J ETHNOBIOL 2022. [DOI: 10.2993/0278-0771-42.3.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gina Frausin
- Independent researcher. Cra. 10 no. 6-53 Barrio Las Avenidas, Florencia-Caquetá, Colombia
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Melaku Y, Solomon M, Eswaramoorthy R, Beifuss U, Ondrus V, Mekonnen Y. Synthesis, antiplasmodial activity and in silico molecular docking study of pinocembrin and its analogs. BMC Chem 2022; 16:36. [PMID: 35610713 PMCID: PMC9128099 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-022-00831-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malaria remains the major health problem responsible for many mortality and morbidity in developing countries. Because of the development of resistance by Plasmodium species, searching effective antimalarial agents becomes increasingly important. Pinocembrin is a flavanone previously isolated as the most active antiplasmodial compound from the leaves of Dodonaea angustifolia. For a better understanding of the antiplasmodial activity, the synthesis of pinocembrin and a great number of analogs was undertaken. METHODS Chalcones 5a-r were synthesized via Claisen-Schmidt condensation using 2,4-dibenzyloxy-6-hydroxyacetophenone and aromatic aldehydes as substrates under basic conditions. Cyclization of compounds 5a-r to the corresponding dibenzylated pinocembrin analogs 6a-r was achieved using NaOAc in EtOH under reflux. Catalytic hydrogenation using 10% Pd/C as catalyst in an H-Cube Pro was used for debenzylation to deliver 7a-l. The structures of the synthesized compounds were characterized using various physical and spectroscopic methods, including mp, UV, IR, NMR, MS and HRMS. The synthesized dibenzylated flavanones 6a-d, 6i and 7a were evaluated for their in vivo antiplasmodial activities against Plasmodium berghei infected mice. Molecular docking simulation and drug likeness properties of compounds 7a-l were assessed using AutoDock Vina and SwissADME, respectively. RESULTS A series of chalcones 5a-r has been synthesized in yields ranging from 46 to 98%. Treatment of the chalcones 5a-r with NaOAc refluxing in EtOH afforded the dibenzylated pinocembrin analogs 6a-r with yields up to 54%. Deprotection of the dibenzylated pinocembrin analogs delivered the products 7a-l in yields ranging from 78 to 94%. The dibenzylated analogs of pinocembrin displayed percent inhibition of parastaemia in the range between 17.4 and 87.2% at 30 mg/kg body weight. The parastaemia inhibition of 87.2 and 55.6% was obtained on treatment of the infected mice with pinocembrin (7a) and 4'-chloro-5,7-dibenzylpinocembrin (6e), respectively. The mean survival times of those infected mice treated with these two compounds were beyond 14 days indicating that the samples suppressed P. berghei and reduced the overall pathogenic effect of the parasite. The molecular docking analysis of the chloro derivatives of pinocembrin revealed that compounds 7a-l show docking affinities ranging from - 8.1 to - 8.4 kcal/mol while it was -7.2 kcal/mol for chloroquine. CONCLUSION Pinocembrin (7a) and 4'-chloro-5,7-dibenzyloxyflavanone (6e) displayed good antiplasmodial activity. The in silico docking simulation against P. falciparum dihydrofolate reductase-thymidylate synthase revealed that pinocembrin (7a) and its chloro analogs 7a-l showed better binding affinity compared with chloroquine that was used as a standard drug. This is in agreement with the drug-like properties of compounds 7a-l which fulfill Lipinski's rule of five with zero violations. Therefore, pinocembrin and its chloro analogs could serve as lead compounds for further antiplasmodial drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadessa Melaku
- Chemistry Department, Adama Science and Technology University, 1888, Adama, Ethiopia
| | - Melat Solomon
- Biology Department, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Rajalakshmanan Eswaramoorthy
- Chemistry Department, Adama Science and Technology University, 1888, Adama, Ethiopia.,Department of Biomaterials, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Meidcal and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai, 600 077, India
| | - Uwe Beifuss
- Bioorganische Chemie, Institut Für Chemie, Universität Hohenheim, Garbenstraße 30, 70599, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Vladimir Ondrus
- Department of Chemical Engineering, FH Münster-University of Applied Sciences, Stegerwaldstrasse 39, 48565, Steinfurt, Germany
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Kingston DGI, Cassera MB. Antimalarial Natural Products. PROGRESS IN THE CHEMISTRY OF ORGANIC NATURAL PRODUCTS 2022; 117:1-106. [PMID: 34977998 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-89873-1_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Natural products have made a crucial and unique contribution to human health, and this is especially true in the case of malaria, where the natural products quinine and artemisinin and their derivatives and analogues, have saved millions of lives. The need for new drugs to treat malaria is still urgent, since the most dangerous malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum, has become resistant to quinine and most of its derivatives and is becoming resistant to artemisinin and its derivatives. This volume begins with a short history of malaria and follows this with a summary of its biology. It then traces the fascinating history of the discovery of quinine for malaria treatment and then describes quinine's biosynthesis, its mechanism of action, and its clinical use, concluding with a discussion of synthetic antimalarial agents based on quinine's structure. The volume then covers the discovery of artemisinin and its development as the source of the most effective current antimalarial drug, including summaries of its synthesis and biosynthesis, its mechanism of action, and its clinical use and resistance. A short discussion of other clinically used antimalarial natural products leads to a detailed treatment of other natural products with significant antiplasmodial activity, classified by compound type. Although the search for new antimalarial natural products from Nature's combinatorial library is challenging, it is very likely to yield new antimalarial drugs. The chapter thus ends by identifying over ten natural products with development potential as clinical antimalarial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- David G I Kingston
- Department of Chemistry and the Virginia Tech Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
| | - Maria Belen Cassera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, and Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases (CTEGD), University of Georgia, Athens, GA, 30602, USA
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Nuthakki VK, Mudududdla R, Bharate SB. Role of basic aminoalkyl chains in the lead optimization of Indoloquinoline alkaloids. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 227:113938. [PMID: 34710743 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Indoloquinoline (IQ) is an important class of naturally occurring antimalarial alkaloids, mainly represented by cryptolepine, isocryptolepine, and neocryptolepine. The IQ structural framework consists of four isomeric ring systems differing via the linkage of indole with quinoline as [3,2-b], [3,2-c], [2,3-c], and [2,3-b]. Structurally, IQs are planar and thus they bind strongly to the DNA which largely contributes to their biological properties. The structural rigidity and associated nonspecific cellular toxicity is a key shortcoming of the IQ structural framework for preclinical development. Thus, the lead optimization efforts were aimed at improving the therapeutic window and ADME properties of IQs. The structural modifications mainly involved attaching the basic aminoalkyl chains that positively modulates the vital physicochemical and topological parameters, thereby improves biological activity. Our analysis has found that the aminoalkylation consistently improved the selectivity index and provided acceptable in-vivo antimalarial/anticancer activity. Herein, we critically review the role of aminoalkylation in deciphering the antimalarial and cytotoxic activity of IQs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay K Nuthakki
- Natural Products & Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Ramesh Mudududdla
- Natural Products & Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Sandip B Bharate
- Natural Products & Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, India; Academy of Scientific & Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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Tylińska B, Wiatrak B. Bioactive Olivacine Derivatives-Potential Application in Cancer Therapy. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:564. [PMID: 34205757 PMCID: PMC8235335 DOI: 10.3390/biology10060564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Olivacine and its derivatives are characterized by multidirectional biological activity. Noteworthy is their antiproliferative effect related to various mechanisms, such as inhibition of growth factors, enzymes, kinases and others. The activity of these compounds was tested on cell lines of various tumors. In most publications, the most active olivacine derivatives exceeded the effects of doxorubicin (a commonly used anticancer drug), so in the future, they may become the main new anticancer drugs. In this publication, we present the groups of the most active olivacine derivatives obtained. In this work, the in vitro and in vivo activity of olivacine and its most active derivatives are presented. We describe olivacine derivatives that have been in clinical trials. We conducted a structure-activity relationship (SAR) analysis that may be used to obtain new olivacine derivatives with better properties than the available anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Tylińska
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Benita Wiatrak
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-345 Wroclaw, Poland;
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Wang C, Lu H, Liu M, Wang G, Li X, Lu W, Dong W, Wang X, Chen H, Tan C. Effective Antibacterial and Antihemolysin Activities of Ellipticine Hydrochloride against Streptococcus suis in a Mouse Model. Appl Environ Microbiol 2021; 87:e03165-20. [PMID: 33674433 PMCID: PMC8117749 DOI: 10.1128/aem.03165-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Streptococcal toxic shock-like syndrome (STSLS) caused by the epidemic strain of Streptococcus suis leads to severe inflammation and high mortality. The life and health of humans and animals are also threatened by the increasingly severe antimicrobial resistance in Streptococcus suis There is an urgent need to discover novel strategies for the treatment of S. suis infection. Suilysin (SLY) is considered to be an important virulence factor in the pathogenesis of S. suis In this study, ellipticine hydrochloride (EH) was reported as a compound that antagonizes the hemolytic activity of SLY. In vitro, EH was found to effectively inhibit SLY-mediated hemolytic activity. Furthermore, EH had a strong affinity for SLY, thereby directly binding to SLY to interfere with the hemolytic activity. Meanwhile, it was worth noting that EH was also found to have a significant antibacterial activity. In vivo, compared with traditional ampicillin, EH not only significantly improved the survival rate of mice infected with S. suis 2 strain Sc19 but also relieved lung pathological damage. Furthermore, EH effectively decreased the levels of inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6 [IL-6], tumor necrosis factor alpha [TNF-α]) and blood biochemistry enzymes (alanine transaminase [ALT], aspartate transaminase [AST], creatine kinase [CK]) in Sc19-infected mice. Additionally, EH markedly reduced the bacterial load of tissues in Sc19-infected mice. In conclusion, our findings suggest that EH can be a potential compound for treating S. suis infection in view of its antibacterial and antihemolysin activity.IMPORTANCE In recent years, the inappropriate use of antibiotics has unnecessarily caused the continuous emergence of resistant bacteria. The antimicrobial resistance of Streptococcus suis has also become an increasingly serious problem. Targeting virulence can reduce the selective pressure of bacteria on antibiotics, thereby alleviating the development of bacterial resistance to a certain extent. Meanwhile, the excessive inflammatory response caused by S. suis infection is considered the primary cause of acute death. Here, we found that ellipticine hydrochloride (EH) exhibited effective antibacterial and antihemolysin activities against S. suisin vitroIn vivo, compared with ampicillin, EH had a significant protective effect on S. suis serotype 2 strain Sc19-infected mice. Our results indicated that EH, with dual antibacterial and antivirulence effects, will contribute to treating S. suis infections and alleviating the antimicrobial resistance of S. suis to a certain extent. More importantly, EH may develop into a promising drug for the prevention of acute death caused by excessive inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenchen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Manli Liu
- Hubei Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Gaoyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaodan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wenjia Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wenqi Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiangru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chen Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, Hubei, China
- International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Omar F, Tareq AM, Alqahtani AM, Dhama K, Sayeed MA, Emran TB, Simal-Gandara J. Plant-Based Indole Alkaloids: A Comprehensive Overview from a Pharmacological Perspective. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26082297. [PMID: 33921093 PMCID: PMC8071433 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant-based indole alkaloids are very rich in pharmacological activities, and the indole nucleus is considered to contribute greatly to these activities. This review's fundamental objective is to summarize the pharmacological potential of indole alkaloids that have been derived from plants and provide a detailed evaluation of their established pharmacological activities, which may contribute to identifying new lead compounds. The study was performed by searching various scientific databases, including Springer, Elsevier, ACS Publications, Taylor and Francis, Thieme, Wiley Online Library, ProQuest, MDPI, and online scientific books. A total of 100 indole compounds were identified and reviewed. The most active compounds possessed a variety of pharmacological activities, including anticancer, antibacterial, antiviral, antimalarial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antidepressant, analgesic, hypotensive, anticholinesterase, antiplatelet, antidiarrheal, spasmolytic, antileishmanial, lipid-lowering, antimycobacterial, and antidiabetic activities. Although some compounds have potent activity, some only have mild-to-moderate activity. The pharmacokinetic profiles of some of the identified compounds, such as brucine, mitragynine, 7-hydroxymitragynine, vindoline, and harmane, were also reviewed. Most of these compounds showed promising pharmacological activity. An in-depth pharmacological evaluation of these compounds should be performed to determine whether any of these indoles may serve as new leads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faisal Omar
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh; (F.O.); (A.M.T.)
| | - Abu Montakim Tareq
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh; (F.O.); (A.M.T.)
| | - Ali M. Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Kuldeep Dhama
- Division of Pathology, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, Bareilly 243122, Uttar Pradesh, India;
| | - Mohammed Abu Sayeed
- Department of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Chittagong, Chittagong 4318, Bangladesh; (F.O.); (A.M.T.)
- Correspondence: (M.A.S.); (T.B.E.); (J.S.-G.); Tel.: +88-0-167-041-9435 (M.A.S.); +88-0-181-994-2214 (T.B.E.); +34-988-387000 (J.S.-G.)
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong 4381, Bangladesh
- Correspondence: (M.A.S.); (T.B.E.); (J.S.-G.); Tel.: +88-0-167-041-9435 (M.A.S.); +88-0-181-994-2214 (T.B.E.); +34-988-387000 (J.S.-G.)
| | - Jesus Simal-Gandara
- Nutrition and Bromatology Group, Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Vigo—Ourense Campus, E32004 Ourense, Spain
- Correspondence: (M.A.S.); (T.B.E.); (J.S.-G.); Tel.: +88-0-167-041-9435 (M.A.S.); +88-0-181-994-2214 (T.B.E.); +34-988-387000 (J.S.-G.)
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12
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Chauhan M, Saxena A, Saha B. An insight in anti-malarial potential of indole scaffold: A review. Eur J Med Chem 2021; 218:113400. [PMID: 33823394 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2021.113400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Malaria is a major parasitic disease in tropical and sub-tropical regions. Pertaining to the sustaining resistance in malarial parasite against the available drugs, novel treatment options are the need of the hour. In this resolve recently, focus has shifted to finding the natural alternatives that possess anti-plasmodial activity for combatting malaria. Drawing on the text written in ancient scriptures and Ayurveda, natural compounds are now being screened for their therapeutic properties. Indole is one such natural compound, present in all living organisms, it displays a range of therapeutic activities including anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antimalarial etc. In this review, we have discussed various indole scaffold as well as the semi-synthetic drugs containing indole moiety that have been synthesized for malaria treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehak Chauhan
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anjali Saxena
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Biswajit Saha
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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13
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Surur AS, Huluka SA, Mitku ML, Asres K. Indole: The After Next Scaffold of Antiplasmodial Agents? Drug Des Devel Ther 2020; 14:4855-4867. [PMID: 33204071 PMCID: PMC7666986 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s278588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria remains a global public health problem due to the uphill fight against the causative Plasmodium parasites that are relentless in developing resistance. Indole-based antiplasmodial compounds are endowed with multiple modes of action, of which inhibition of hemozoin formation is the major mechanism of action reported for compounds such as cryptolepine, flinderoles, and isosungucine. Indole-based compounds exert their potent activity against chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium strains by inhibiting hemozoin formation in a mode of action different from that of chloroquine or through a novel mechanism of action. For example, dysregulating the sodium and osmotic homeostasis of Plasmodium through inhibition of PfATP4 is the novel mechanism of cipargamin. The potential of developing multi-targeted compounds through molecular hybridization ensures the existence of indole-based compounds in the antimalarial pipeline.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Solomon Assefa Huluka
- Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | | | - Kaleab Asres
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
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14
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Li J, Sun X, Li J, Yu F, Zhang Y, Huang X, Jiang F. The antimalarial activity of indole alkaloids and hybrids. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2020; 353:e2000131. [PMID: 32785974 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202000131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jue‐Ying Li
- Ultrasonography Department, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Xiao‐Feng Sun
- Ultrasonography Department, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Jing‐Jing Li
- Ultrasonography Department, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Fen Yu
- Ultrasonography Department, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Ultrasonography Department, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Xiu‐Juan Huang
- Ultrasonography Department, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
| | - Feng‐Xia Jiang
- Ultrasonography Department, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology Wuhan China
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15
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Albino SL, da Silva JM, de C Nobre MS, de M E Silva YMS, Santos MB, de Araújo RSA, do C A de Lima M, Schmitt M, de Moura RO. Bioprospecting of Nitrogenous Heterocyclic Scaffolds with Potential Action for Neglected Parasitosis: A Review. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 26:4112-4150. [PMID: 32611290 DOI: 10.2174/1381612826666200701160904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 04/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Neglected parasitic diseases are a group of infections currently considered as a worldwide concern. This fact can be attributed to the migration of these diseases to developed and developing countries, associated with therapeutic insufficiency resulted from the low investment in the research and development of new drugs. In order to overcome this situation, bioprospecting supports medicinal chemistry in the identification of new scaffolds with therapeutically appropriate physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties. Among them, we highlight the nitrogenous heterocyclic compounds, as they are secondary metabolites of many natural products with potential biological activity. The objective of this work was to review studies within a 10-year timeframe (2009- 2019), focusing on the pharmacological application of nitrogen bioprospectives (pyrrole, pyridine, indole, quinoline, acridine, and their respective derivatives) against neglected parasitic infections (malaria, leishmania, trypanosomiases, and schistosomiasis), and their application as a template for semi-synthesis or total synthesis of potential antiparasitic agents. In our studies, it was observed that among the selected articles, there was a higher focus on the attempt to identify and obtain novel antimalarial compounds, in a way that an extensive amount of studies involving all heterocyclic nitrogen nuclei were found. On the other hand, the parasites with the lowest number of publications up until the present date have been trypanosomiasis, especially those caused by Trypanosoma cruzi, and schistosomiasis, where some heterocyclics have not even been cited in recent years. Thus, we conclude that despite the great biodiversity on the planet, little attention has been given to certain neglected tropical diseases, especially those that reach countries with a high poverty rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonaly L Albino
- Universidade Estadual da Paraiba, R. Baraunas, 351, Cidade Universitaria, Campina Grande, Paraiba, 58429-500, Brazil
| | - Jamire M da Silva
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego 1235, Cidade Universitaria, Recife, Pernambuco, 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Michelangela S de C Nobre
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego 1235, Cidade Universitaria, Recife, Pernambuco, 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Yvnni M S de M E Silva
- Universidade Estadual da Paraiba, R. Baraunas, 351, Cidade Universitaria, Campina Grande, Paraiba, 58429-500, Brazil
| | - Mirelly B Santos
- Universidade Estadual da Paraiba, R. Baraunas, 351, Cidade Universitaria, Campina Grande, Paraiba, 58429-500, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo S A de Araújo
- Universidade Estadual da Paraiba, R. Baraunas, 351, Cidade Universitaria, Campina Grande, Paraiba, 58429-500, Brazil
| | - Maria do C A de Lima
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego 1235, Cidade Universitaria, Recife, Pernambuco, 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Martine Schmitt
- Universite de Strasbourg, CNRS, LIT UMR 7200, Laboratoire d'innovation therapeutique, Illkirch, France
| | - Ricardo O de Moura
- Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Av. Prof. Moraes Rego 1235, Cidade Universitaria, Recife, Pernambuco, 50670-901, Brazil
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16
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Lu H, Liu M, Lu W, Wang C, Wang G, Dong W, Wang X, Chen H, Tan C. Repurposing Ellipticine Hydrochloride to Combat Colistin-Resistant Extraintestinal Pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC). Front Microbiol 2020; 11:806. [PMID: 32528422 PMCID: PMC7262907 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) strains are the cause of a majority of human extraintestinal infections globally, resulting in enormous direct economic and medical costs. The plasmid-mediated, colistin-resistant gene mcr-1 has broken through the ultimate defense line against MDR Gram-negative pathogens. There is an urgent need to discover the new compound intended for colistin-resistant E. coli. In this study, antibacterial targets of ellipticine hydrochloride (EH) were confirmed by localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) and decatenation assay. The LSPR analysis exhibited good binding between EH and E. coli topoisomerase IV. In this study, a synergistic effect is obvious in the combination of EH and colistin, to which eight of ten strains showed synergy, while two isolates (20%) showed no difference. The bacteria enumeration analysis of EH treatment group suggested that the decreased bacterial titer can be observed in various tissues of infected mice. EH treatment significantly decreased the levels of a variety of pro-inflammatory factors, such as TNF-α and IL-6. Moreover, other related lesions, such as inflammatory cell infiltration, alveolar interstitial congestion, and edema were observed to be relieved to different extents. This study reveals the anti-E. coli potential activities and molecular mechanism of EH and the therapeutical effectiveness of EH application to animals. It provides us with a new option for fighting against multidrug-resistant ExPEC infections in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China.,International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China
| | - Manli Liu
- Hubei Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenjia Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China.,International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China
| | - Chenchen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China.,International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China
| | - Gaoyan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China.,International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenqi Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China.,International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiangru Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China.,International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China
| | - Huanchun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Preventive Veterinary Medicine in Hubei Province, The Cooperative Innovation Center for Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China.,International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China
| | - Chen Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Development of Veterinary Diagnostic Products, Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China.,International Research Center for Animal Disease, Ministry of Science and Technology of the People's Republic of China, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Biopesticide Engineering Research Centre, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
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17
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Tajuddeen N, Van Heerden FR. Antiplasmodial natural products: an update. Malar J 2019; 18:404. [PMID: 31805944 PMCID: PMC6896759 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-019-3026-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Malaria remains a significant public health challenge in regions of the world where it is endemic. An unprecedented decline in malaria incidences was recorded during the last decade due to the availability of effective control interventions, such as the deployment of artemisinin-based combination therapy and insecticide-treated nets. However, according to the World Health Organization, malaria is staging a comeback, in part due to the development of drug resistance. Therefore, there is an urgent need to discover new anti-malarial drugs. This article reviews the literature on natural products with antiplasmodial activity that was reported between 2010 and 2017. Methods Relevant literature was sourced by searching the major scientific databases, including Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Scopus, SciFinder, Pubmed, and Google Scholar, using appropriate keyword combinations. Results and Discussion A total of 1524 compounds from 397 relevant references, assayed against at least one strain of Plasmodium, were reported in the period under review. Out of these, 39% were described as new natural products, and 29% of the compounds had IC50 ≤ 3.0 µM against at least one strain of Plasmodium. Several of these compounds have the potential to be developed into viable anti-malarial drugs. Also, some of these compounds could play a role in malaria eradication by targeting gametocytes. However, the research into natural products with potential for blocking the transmission of malaria is still in its infancy stage and needs to be vigorously pursued.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasir Tajuddeen
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, 3209, South Africa
| | - Fanie R Van Heerden
- School of Chemistry and Physics, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Private Bag X01, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, 3209, South Africa.
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18
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Yuan JM, Wei K, Zhang GH, Chen NY, Wei XW, Pan CX, Mo DL, Su GF. Cryptolepine and aromathecin based mimics as potent G-quadruplex-binding, DNA-cleavage and anticancer agents: Design, synthesis and DNA targeting-induced apoptosis. Eur J Med Chem 2019; 169:144-158. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2019.02.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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de Paula RC, da Silva SM, Faria KF, Frézard F, Moreira CPDS, Foubert K, Lopes JCD, Campana PRV, Rocha MP, Silva AF, Silva CG, Pieters L, Almeida VL. In vitro antileishmanial activity of leaf and stem extracts of seven Brazilian plant species. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 232:155-164. [PMID: 30580025 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Leishmaniasis is a parasitic disease that affects people all over the world. The number of cases of leishmaniasis is increasing and the drugs used for its treatment are toxic and not always effective. The recognition of the global nature of this disease and its direct or indirect effects on health economics and actions focuses attention on the development of new therapeutic options. In Brazil, this parasitic disease is endemic in many regions. The plants used by the population against leishmaniasis can be good starting points in the search of new lead compounds for antileishmanial drugs. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of the present study was to investigate the antileishmanial activity of extracts from leaves and stems of seven Brazilian plant species used by the population to treat leishmaniasis, and symptoms that might be related to Leishmania infections. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty two extracts from seven plants belonging to five different botanical families were prepared by different methods and evaluated for their effect on the viability of promastigote forms of Leishmania infantum (MHOM/BR/1967/BH46) using the resazurin-based colorimetric assay. The extracts were considered active when they inhibited the growth of promastigotes in a percentage greater than or equal to 50% at 100 and 200 µg/mL. The active samples were further investigated to determine IC50, CC50 and SI values against promastigote forms of L. infantum. The active and non-cytotoxic extracts (SI> 10) were evaluated against amastigote forms of L. infantum. In addition, the active extracts against the amastigote forms were analyzed by TLC and HPLC, while the EtOAc extract of stems from Aspidosperma tomentosum was also evaluated by GC/MS. RESULTS Among the twenty two extracts evaluated, two were considered active against L. infantum. The EtOH extract of leaves from Dyospiros hispida (IC50 55.48 ± 2.77 µg/mL and IC50 80.63 ± 13.17 µg/mL, respectively) and the EtOAc extract of stems from Aspidosperma tomentosum (IC50 9.70 ± 2.82 µg/mL and IC50 15.88 ± 1.53 µg/mL, respectively) inhibited significantly the growth of promastigote and amastigote forms of L. infantum. Some extracts, although active in the initial screening, were considered toxic since the SI was lower than 10. In TLC and HPLC analysis the leaf extract of Dyospiros hispida showed the presence of anthraquinones, terpenes and saponins, and in the EtOAc extract of stems from Aspidosperma tomentosum alkaloids and flavonoids were detected. In addition, in the latter extract the indole alkaloids uleine and dasycarpidone could be identified by GC/MS. CONCLUSIONS The ethnopharmacological data of Aspidosperma tomentosum and Dyospiros hispida in part support the results found in the biological models used. Extracts of Aspidosperma tomentosum and Dyospiros hispida presented promising results against L. infantum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Cristina de Paula
- Laboratório de Bioensaios em Leishmania, ICBIM, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Sydnei Magno da Silva
- Laboratório de Bioensaios em Leishmania, ICBIM, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Karen Ferraz Faria
- Laboratório de Bioensaios em Leishmania, ICBIM, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Frédéric Frézard
- Departamento de Fisiologia e Biofísica, ICB, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Kenn Foubert
- Natural Products & Food Research and Analysis (NatuRA), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Júlio César Dias Lopes
- Chemoinformatics Group (NEQUIM), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Marina Pereira Rocha
- Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Cláudia Gontijo Silva
- Serviço de Fitoquímica e Prospecção Farmacêutica, Fundação Ezequiel Dias, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Luc Pieters
- Natural Products & Food Research and Analysis (NatuRA), University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Vera Lúcia Almeida
- Serviço de Fitoquímica e Prospecção Farmacêutica, Fundação Ezequiel Dias, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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20
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de Almeida VL, Silva CG, Silva AF, Campana PRV, Foubert K, Lopes JCD, Pieters L. Aspidosperma species: A review of their chemistry and biological activities. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 231:125-140. [PMID: 30395977 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Species of Aspidosperma are known popularly as "peroba, guatambu, carapanaúba, pau-pereiro" and "quina". The genus can be found in the Americas, mainly between Mexico and Argentina. Many species of Aspidosperma are used by the population in treating cardiovascular diseases, malaria, fever, diabetes and rheumatism. The phytochemical aspects of the species of the genus Aspidosperma have been studied extensively. The monoterpene indole alkaloids are the main secondary metabolites in Aspidosperma species, and about 250 of them have been isolated showing a considerable structural diversity. Several of them have showed some important pharmacological activities. Aspidosperma subincanum Mart. and Aspidosperma tomentosum Mart. (Apocynaceae) are Brazilian species widely used by the population to treat diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia. The pharmacological activities of both species have been investigated and the biological properties described can be related to their isolated indole alkaloids. However, more pharmacological studies are needed in order to justify the use of these species in folk medicine. In this review, we present reports mainly focused on chemical and biological studies and their relationship with the ethnopharmacological use of both Aspidosperma species. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this review is to present their ethnopharmacological use as correlated to their biological activities as described for the extracts and isolated compounds from Aspidosperma subincanum Mart. and Aspidosperma tomentosum Mart. In addition, some aspects related to the biosynthetic pathways are discussed, also NMR assignments and some synthesis information about indole alkaloids from both Aspidosperma species are included. MATERIAL AND METHODS The bibliographic search was made in theses and dissertations using some databases such as NDLTD (Networked Digital Library of Theses and Dissertations), OATD (Open Access Theses and Dissertations) and Google Scholar. More data were gathered from books, Brazilian journals and articles available on electronic databases such as, Google Scholar, PubChem, Scifinder, Web of Science, SciELO, PubMed and Science Direct. Additionally, the Google Patents and Espacenet Patent Search (EPO) were also consulted. The keywords Aspidosperma, A. subincanum, A. tomentosum, indole alkaloids were used in the research. The languages were restricted to Portuguese, English and Spanish and references were selected according to their relevance. RESULTS A. subincanum Mart. and A. tomentosum Mart. (Apocynaceae) are Brazilian species widely used by the population to treat a few diseases. Extracts and isolated compounds of both species have shown antitumor and antimalarial activities. The antitumor activity of isolated compounds has been extensively studied. However, the antiplasmodial activity needs to be investigated further as well as the anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperlipidemic and anorexigenic activities. From A. subincanum twenty-one indole alkaloids were isolated and some of them have been extensively studied. From the leaves and bark of A. tomentosum four alkaloids and one flavonoid were isolated. Furthermore, CG-MS analysis of seeds, branches, leaves and arils identified nine indole alkaloids. Stemmadenine has been proposed as a precursor of indole alkaloids obtained from some species of Aspidosperma. Many of the biosynthetic steps have been characterized at the enzymatic level and appropriate genes have been identified, however, other steps have yet to be investigated and they are still controversial. Some isolated alkaloids from A. subincanum and A. tomentosum were identified only by mass spectrometry. In many cases, their NMR data was either not available or was incomplete. The described meta-analysis of the available NMR data revealed that the chemical shifts belonging to the indole ring might be used to characterize this class of alkaloids within complex matrices such as plant extracts. The biological activities and the structural complexity of these compounds have stimulated the interest of many groups into their synthesis. In this review, some information about the synthesis of indole alkaloids and their derivatives was presented. CONCLUSIONS A. subincanum and A. tomentosum are used by the population of Brazil to treat many diseases. A few biological activities described for the extracts and isolated compounds of both species are in agreement with the ethnopharmacological use for others species of Aspidosperma, such as, antimalarial, the treatment of diabetes and other illnesses. These species are sources of leading compounds which can be used for developing new drugs. In addition, other biological activities reported and suggested by ethnopharmacological data have yet to be investigated and could be an interesting area in the search for new bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vera Lúcia de Almeida
- Serviço de Fitoquímica e Prospecção Farmacêutica, Divisão de Ciência e Inovação, Fundação Ezequiel Dias, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Gontijo Silva
- Serviço de Fitoquímica e Prospecção Farmacêutica, Divisão de Ciência e Inovação, Fundação Ezequiel Dias, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Andréia Fonseca Silva
- Herbário PAMG, Departamento de Pesquisa, Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Kenn Foubert
- Natural Products & Food Research and Analysis, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Júlio César Dias Lopes
- Chemoinformatics group (NEQUIM), Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Luc Pieters
- Natural Products & Food Research and Analysis, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium.
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Mudududdla R, Mohanakrishnan D, Bharate SS, Vishwakarma RA, Sahal D, Bharate SB. Orally Effective Aminoalkyl 10H-Indolo[3,2-b]quinoline-11-carboxamide Kills the Malaria Parasite by Inhibiting Host Hemoglobin Uptake. ChemMedChem 2018; 13:2581-2598. [PMID: 30358112 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
A series of indolo[3,2-b]quinoline-C11-carboxamides were synthesized by incorporation of aminoalkyl side chains into the core of indolo[3,2-b]quinoline-C11-carboxylic acid. Their in vitro antiplasmodial evaluation against Plasmodium falciparum led to the identification of a 2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethanamine-linked analogue {2-bromo-N-[2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl]-10H-indolo[3,2-b]quinoline-11-carboxamide (3 g)} (IC50 =1.3 μm) as the most promising compound exhibiting good selectivity indices against mammalian cell lines. The kill kinetics on erythrocytic-stage parasites revealed that 3 g caused complete killing of only the trophozoite-stage parasites. Mechanistic studies showed that 3 g targets the food vacuole of the parasite and inhibits hemoglobin uptake, β-hematin formation, and the basic endocytic processes of the parasite. Analogue 3 g was found to be orally bioavailable, and its curative antimalarial studies at 50 mg per kg p.o. against a Plasmodium berghei (ANKA)-infected mouse model revealed that mice treated with 3 g showed 27-35 % suppression of parasitemia with an increase in life span relative to untreated, control mice. Thus, the present work demonstrated a proof of concept for the oral efficacy of indolo[3,2-b]quinoline-C11-carboxamides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Mudududdla
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, India
| | - Dinesh Mohanakrishnan
- Malaria Drug Discovery Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Sonali S Bharate
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, India
| | - Ram A Vishwakarma
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, India
| | - Dinkar Sahal
- Malaria Drug Discovery Laboratory, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (ICGEB), Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi, 110067, India
| | - Sandip B Bharate
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, India
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22
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Synthesis and Activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis of Olivacine and Oxygenated Derivatives. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23061402. [PMID: 29890747 PMCID: PMC6100493 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23061402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The tetracyclic pyrido[4,3-b]carbazole olivacine and four of its oxygenated derivatives have been synthesized by a late-stage palladium-catalyzed Heck-type cyclization of the pyrrole ring as a key step. In a test for the inhibition of the growth of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, 9-methoxyolivacine showed the most significant inhibitory activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, with an MIC90 value of 1.5 μM.
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23
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Novel indole derivatives as potential anticancer agents: Design, synthesis and biological screening. Med Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-017-2065-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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Dey A, Mukherjee A, Chaudhury M. Alkaloids From Apocynaceae. STUDIES IN NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63931-8.00010-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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25
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Duval R, Duplais C. Fluorescent natural products as probes and tracers in biology. Nat Prod Rep 2017; 34:161-193. [DOI: 10.1039/c6np00111d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescence is a remarkable property of many natural products in addition to their medicinal and biological value. Herein, we provide a review of these peculiar secondary metabolites to stimulate prospecting of them as original fluorescent tracers, endowed with unique photophysical properties and with applications in most fields of biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romain Duval
- IRD
- UMR 216 IRD MERIT (Mère et Enfant face aux Infections Tropicales)
- Université Paris-Descartes
- 75006 Paris
- France
| | - Christophe Duplais
- CNRS
- UMR 8172 EcoFoG (Ecologie des Forêts de Guyane)
- AgroParisTech
- Cirad
- INRA
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26
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Aguiar ACC, Cunha AC, Ceravolo IP, Gonçalves RAC, Oliveira AJB, Krettli AU. Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae) plant cytotoxicity and activity towards malaria parasites. Part II: experimental studies withAspidosperma ramiflorum in vivo and in vitro. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2016; 110:906-13. [PMID: 26560981 PMCID: PMC4660620 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760150188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Several species of Aspidosperma plants are used to treat diseases in the tropics, including Aspidosperma ramiflorum, which acts against leishmaniasis, an activity that is experimentally confirmed. The species, known as guatambu-yellow, yellow peroba, coffee-peroba and matiambu, grows in the Atlantic Forest of Brazil in the South to the Southeast regions. Through a guided biofractionation of A. ramiflorum extracts, the plant activity against Plasmodium falciparum was evaluated in vitro for toxicity towards human hepatoma G2 cells, normal monkey kidney cells and nonimmortalised human monocytes isolated from peripheral blood. Six of the seven extracts tested were active at low doses (half-maximal drug inhibitory concentration < 3.8 µg/mL); the aqueous extract was inactive. Overall, the plant extracts and the purified compounds displayed low toxicity in vitro. A nonsoluble extract fraction and one purified alkaloid isositsirikine (compound 5) displayed high selectivity indexes (SI) (= 56 and 113, respectively), whereas compounds 2 and 3 were toxic (SI < 10). The structure, activity and low toxicity of isositsirikine in vitro are described here for the first time in A. ramiflorum, but only the neutral and precipitate plant fractions were tested for activity, which caused up to 53% parasitaemia inhibition of Plasmodium berghei in mice with blood-induced malaria. This plant species is likely to be useful in the further development of an antimalarial drug, but its pharmacological evaluation is still required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna C C Aguiar
- Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brasil
| | - Ananda C Cunha
- Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brasil
| | | | | | - Arildo J B Oliveira
- Departamento de Farmácia, Universidade Estadual de Maringá, Maringá, PR, Brasil
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Radini IAM, Elsheikh TMY, El-Telbani EM, Khidre RE. New Potential Antimalarial Agents: Design, Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Some Novel Quinoline Derivatives as Antimalarial Agents. Molecules 2016; 21:E909. [PMID: 27428939 PMCID: PMC6273215 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21070909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 07/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel series of dihydropyrimidines (DHPMs) 4a-j; 2-oxopyran-3-carboxylate 7a,b; 1-amino-1,2-dihydropyridine-3-carboxylate 8; and 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives 12 with quinolinyl residues have been synthesized in fairly good yields. The structure of the newly synthesized compounds was elucidated on the basis of analytical and spectral analyses. In vitro antimalarial evaluation of the synthesized quinoline derivatives against Plasmodium falciparum revealed them to possess moderate to high antimalarial activities, with IC50 values ranging from 0.014-5.87 μg/mL. Compounds 4b,g,i and 12 showed excellent antimalarial activity against to Plasmodium falciparum compared with the antimalarial agent chloroquine (CQ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Ali M Radini
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Jazan University, Jazan 2097, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Tarek M Y Elsheikh
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, Jazan University, Jazan 2097, Saudi Arabia.
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11675, Egypt.
| | - Emad M El-Telbani
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Jazan University, Jazan 2097, Saudi Arabia.
- Chemical Industries Division, National Research Centre, Dokki 12622, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Rizk E Khidre
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Jazan University, Jazan 2097, Saudi Arabia.
- Chemical Industries Division, National Research Centre, Dokki 12622, Giza, Egypt.
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Lima RBS, Rocha e Silva LF, Melo MRS, Costa JS, Picanço NS, Lima ES, Vasconcellos MC, Boleti APA, Santos JMP, Amorim RCN, Chaves FCM, Coutinho JP, Tadei WP, Krettli AU, Pohlit AM. In vitro and in vivo anti-malarial activity of plants from the Brazilian Amazon. Malar J 2015; 14:508. [PMID: 26682750 PMCID: PMC4683771 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-015-0999-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The anti-malarials quinine and artemisinin were isolated from traditionally used plants (Cinchona spp. and Artemisia annua, respectively). The synthetic quinoline anti-malarials (e.g. chloroquine) and semi-synthetic artemisinin derivatives (e.g. artesunate) were developed based on these natural products. Malaria is endemic to the Amazon region where Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax drug-resistance is of concern. There is an urgent need for new anti-malarials. Traditionally used Amazonian plants may provide new treatments for drug-resistant P. vivax and P. falciparum. Herein, the in vitro and in vivo antiplasmodial activity and cytotoxicity of medicinal plant extracts were investigated. METHODS Sixty-nine extracts from 11 plant species were prepared and screened for in vitro activity against P. falciparum K1 strain and for cytotoxicity against human fibroblasts and two melanoma cell lines. Median inhibitory concentrations (IC50) were established against chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum W2 clone using monoclonal anti-HRPII (histidine-rich protein II) antibodies in an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Extracts were evaluated for toxicity against murine macrophages (IC50) and selectivity indices (SI) were determined. Three extracts were also evaluated orally in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice. RESULTS High in vitro antiplasmodial activity (IC50 = 6.4-9.9 µg/mL) was observed for Andropogon leucostachyus aerial part methanol extracts, Croton cajucara red variety leaf chloroform extracts, Miconia nervosa leaf methanol extracts, and Xylopia amazonica leaf chloroform and branch ethanol extracts. Paullinia cupana branch chloroform extracts and Croton cajucara red variety leaf ethanol extracts were toxic to fibroblasts and or melanoma cells. Xylopia amazonica branch ethanol extracts and Zanthoxylum djalma-batistae branch chloroform extracts were toxic to macrophages (IC50 = 6.9 and 24.7 µg/mL, respectively). Andropogon leucostachyus extracts were the most selective (SI >28.2) and the most active in vivo (at doses of 250 mg/kg, 71% suppression of P. berghei parasitaemia versus untreated controls). CONCLUSIONS Ethnobotanical or ethnopharmacological reports describe the anti-malarial use of these plants or the antiplasmodial activity of congeneric species. No antiplasmodial activity has been demonstrated previously for the extracts of these plants. Seven plants exhibit in vivo and or in vitro anti-malarial potential. Future work should aim to discover the anti-malarial substances present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata B. S. Lima
- Laboratório de Princípios Ativos da Amazônia, Coordenação de Tecnologia e Inovação, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Avenida André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, 69067-375 Manaus, Amazonas Brazil ,Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Avenida Gal. Rodrigo Otávio Jordão Ramos, 3000, Coroado I, Campus Universitário, Bloco M, Setor Sul, 69077-000 Manaus, Amazonas Brazil ,Centro Universitário do Norte, Rua Dez de Julho, 873, Centro, 69010-060 Manaus, Amazonas Brazil
| | - Luiz F. Rocha e Silva
- Laboratório de Princípios Ativos da Amazônia, Coordenação de Tecnologia e Inovação, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Avenida André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, 69067-375 Manaus, Amazonas Brazil ,Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Avenida Gal. Rodrigo Otávio Jordão Ramos, 3000, Coroado I, Campus Universitário, Bloco M, Setor Sul, 69077-000 Manaus, Amazonas Brazil ,Centro Universitário do Norte, Rua Dez de Julho, 873, Centro, 69010-060 Manaus, Amazonas Brazil
| | - Marcia R. S. Melo
- Escola Superior de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual do Amazonas, Avenida Carvalho Leal, 1777, Cachoeirinha, 69065-001 Manaus, Amazonas Brazil
| | - Jaqueline S. Costa
- Laboratório de Princípios Ativos da Amazônia, Coordenação de Tecnologia e Inovação, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Avenida André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, 69067-375 Manaus, Amazonas Brazil
| | - Neila S. Picanço
- Laboratório de Princípios Ativos da Amazônia, Coordenação de Tecnologia e Inovação, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Avenida André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, 69067-375 Manaus, Amazonas Brazil ,Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Avenida Gal. Rodrigo Otávio Jordão Ramos, 3000, Coroado I, Campus Universitário, Bloco M, Setor Sul, 69077-000 Manaus, Amazonas Brazil
| | - Emerson S. Lima
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Rua Comendador Alexandre Amorim, 330, Aparecida, 69103-000 Manaus, Amazonas Brazil
| | - Marne C. Vasconcellos
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Rua Comendador Alexandre Amorim, 330, Aparecida, 69103-000 Manaus, Amazonas Brazil
| | - Ana Paula A. Boleti
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Rua Comendador Alexandre Amorim, 330, Aparecida, 69103-000 Manaus, Amazonas Brazil
| | - Jakeline M. P. Santos
- Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Rua Comendador Alexandre Amorim, 330, Aparecida, 69103-000 Manaus, Amazonas Brazil
| | - Rodrigo C. N. Amorim
- Laboratório de Princípios Ativos da Amazônia, Coordenação de Tecnologia e Inovação, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Avenida André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, 69067-375 Manaus, Amazonas Brazil
| | - Francisco C. M. Chaves
- Embrapa Amazônia Ocidental, Rodovia AM-010, Km 29 (Estrada Manaus/Itacoatiara), Caixa Postal 319, 69010-970 Manaus, Amazonas Brazil
| | - Julia P. Coutinho
- Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Augusto de Lima, 1715, Barro Preto, 30190-002 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Wanderli P. Tadei
- Laboratório de Malária e Dengue, Coordenação de Sociedade, Ambiente e Saúde, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Avenida André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, 69067-375 Manaus, Amazonas Brazil
| | - Antoniana U. Krettli
- Centro de Pesquisas René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Avenida Augusto de Lima, 1715, Barro Preto, 30190-002 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais Brazil
| | - Adrian M. Pohlit
- Laboratório de Princípios Ativos da Amazônia, Coordenação de Tecnologia e Inovação, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Avenida André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, 69067-375 Manaus, Amazonas Brazil
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Frausin G, Hidalgo ADF, Lima RBS, Kinupp VF, Ming LC, Pohlit AM, Milliken W. An ethnobotanical study of anti-malarial plants among indigenous people on the upper Negro River in the Brazilian Amazon. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2015. [PMID: 26216513 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2015.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this article we present the plants used for the treatment of malaria and associated symptoms in Santa Isabel do Rio Negro in the Brazilian Amazon. The region has important biological and cultural diversities including more than twenty indigenous ethnic groups and a strong history in traditional medicine. OBJECTIVE The aims of this study are to survey information in the Baniwa, Baré, Desana, Piratapuia, Tariana, Tukano, Tuyuca and Yanomami ethnic communities and among caboclos (mixed-ethnicity) on (a) plant species used for the treatment of malaria and associated symptoms, (b) dosage forms and (c) distribution of these anti-malarial plants in the Amazon. METHODS Information was obtained through classical ethnobotanical and ethnopharmacological methods from interviews with 146 informants in Santa Isabel municipality on the upper Negro River, Brazil. RESULTS Fifty-five mainly native neotropical plant species from 34 families were in use. The detailed uses of these plants were documented. The result was 187 records (64.5%) of plants for the specific treatment of malaria, 51 records (17.6%) of plants used in the treatment of liver problems and 29 records (10.0%) of plants used in the control of fevers associated with malaria. Other uses described were blood fortification ('dar sangue'), headache and prophylaxis. Most of the therapeutic preparations were decoctions and infusions based on stem bark, root bark and leaves. These were administered by mouth. In some cases, remedies were prepared with up to three different plant species. Also, plants were used together with other ingredients such as insects, mammals, gunpowder and milk. CONCLUSION This is the first study on the anti-malarial plants from this region of the Amazon. Aspidosperma spp. and Ampelozizyphus amazonicus Ducke were the most cited species in the communities surveyed. These species have experimental proof supporting their anti-malarial efficacy. The dosage of the therapeutic preparations depends on the kind of plant, quantity of plant material available, the patient's age (children and adults) and the local expert. The treatment time varies from a single dose to up to several weeks. Most anti-malarial plants are domesticated or grow spontaneously. They are grown in home gardens, open areas near the communities, clearings and secondary forests, and wild species grow in areas of seasonally flooded wetlands and terra firme ('solid ground') forest, in some cases in locations that are hard to access. Traditional knowledge of plants was found to be falling into disuse presumably as a consequence of the local official health services that treat malaria in the communities using commercial drugs. Despite this, some species are used in the prevention of this disease and also in the recovery after using conventional anti-malarial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Frausin
- Coordenação de Tecnologia e Inovação, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Avenida André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, CEP 69067-375 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.
| | - Ari de Freitas Hidalgo
- Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Avenida General Rodrigo Otávio Jordão Ramos, 6200, Coroado I, CEP 69077-000 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.
| | - Renata Braga Souza Lima
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Avenida General Rodrigo Otavio Jordão Ramos, 6200, Coroado I, CEP 69077-000 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.
| | - Valdely Ferreira Kinupp
- Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia do Amazonas, Avenida Ferreira Pena, 1109, Centro, CEP 69025-010 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.
| | - Lin Chau Ming
- Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Fazenda Experimental Lageado, Rua José Barbosa de Barros, 1780, Caixa Postal 237, CEP 18610-307 Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Adrian Martin Pohlit
- Coordenação de Tecnologia e Inovação, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Avenida André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, CEP 69067-375 Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.
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Rocha E Silva LF, Ramalhete C, Nogueira KL, Mulhovo S, Ferreira MJU, Pohlit AM. In vivo evaluation of isolated triterpenes and semi-synthetic derivatives as antimalarial agents. Eur J Med Chem 2015; 102:398-402. [PMID: 26301556 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2015.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2015] [Revised: 08/02/2015] [Accepted: 08/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The triterpenes balsaminoside B (1) and karavilagenin C (2) were isolated from the African medicinal plant Momordica balsamina L. Karavoates B (3) and D (4) were synthesized by diacylation of 2 with acetic and propionic anhydrides, respectively. In previous work, derivatives 3 and 4 exhibited submicromolar median inhibitory concentrations (IC50) in vitro against Plasmodium falciparum Welch (human malaria parasite) strains 20 to 25 times lower than those of natural product 2. The main objective of the present study was to explore structure-in vivo antimalarial activity relationships (SAR) for compounds 1-4 in Plasmodium berghei Vincke and Lips NK65-infected mice in the 4 day suppressive test. Semi-synthetic derivatives 3 and 4 exhibited greater in vivo antimalarial activity than isolates 1 and 2. Orally and subcutaneously administered karavoate B exhibited the greatest in vivo antimalarial activity (55.2-58.1% maximal suppression of parasitemia at doses of 50 mg kg(-1) day(-1)). Diacylation of natural isolate 2 with short chain carboxylic acid moieties yielded derivatives with enhanced maximal in vivo parasitemia suppression for both routes of administration. Maximal in vivo parasite suppression by diacetyl derivative 3 was roughly double that of natural precursor 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Francisco Rocha E Silva
- Amazon Active Principles Laboratory (LAPAAM), Department of Technology and Innovation (COTI), National Institute for Amazon Research (INPA), Avenida André Araújo 2936, Bairro Petrópolis, CEP 69067-375, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.
| | - Cátia Ramalhete
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Karla Lagos Nogueira
- Amazon Active Principles Laboratory (LAPAAM), Department of Technology and Innovation (COTI), National Institute for Amazon Research (INPA), Avenida André Araújo 2936, Bairro Petrópolis, CEP 69067-375, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.
| | - Silva Mulhovo
- Mozambican and Ethnoscience Study Center (CEMEC), Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Pedagogic University, Lhanguene Campus, Av. de Moçambique, 21402161, Maputo, Mozambique.
| | - Maria-José U Ferreira
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisbon, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003, Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - Adrian Martin Pohlit
- Amazon Active Principles Laboratory (LAPAAM), Department of Technology and Innovation (COTI), National Institute for Amazon Research (INPA), Avenida André Araújo 2936, Bairro Petrópolis, CEP 69067-375, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil.
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Hung TQ, Dang TT, Janke J, Villinger A, Langer P. Efficient synthesis of α- and δ-carbolines by sequential Pd-catalyzed site-selective C–C and twofold C–N coupling reactions. Org Biomol Chem 2015; 13:1375-86. [DOI: 10.1039/c4ob02226b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two concise and efficient approaches were developed for the synthesis of α- and δ-carboline derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tuan Thanh Dang
- Institut für Chemie
- Universität Rostock
- 18059 Rostock
- Germany
- Organic Chemistry
| | - Julia Janke
- Institut für Chemie
- Universität Rostock
- 18059 Rostock
- Germany
| | | | - Peter Langer
- Institut für Chemie
- Universität Rostock
- 18059 Rostock
- Germany
- Leibniz Institut für Katalyse an der Universität Rostock e. V. (LIKAT)
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Pereira TB, Rocha e Silva LF, Amorim RCN, Melo MRS, Zacardi de Souza RC, Eberlin MN, Lima ES, Vasconcellos MC, Pohlit AM. In vitro and in vivo anti-malarial activity of limonoids isolated from the residual seed biomass from Carapa guianensis (andiroba) oil production. Malar J 2014; 13:317. [PMID: 25124944 PMCID: PMC4138406 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-13-317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carapa guianensis is a cultivable tree used by traditional health practitioners in the Amazon region to treat several diseases and particularly symptoms related to malaria. Abundant residual pressed seed material (RPSM) results as a by-product of carapa or andiroba oil production. The objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo anti-malarial activity and cytotoxicity of limonoids isolated from C. guaianensis RPSM. METHODS 6α-acetoxyepoxyazadiradione (1), andirobin (2), 6α-acetoxygedunin (3) and 7-deacetoxy-7-oxogedunin (4) (all isolated from RPSM using extraction and chromatography techniques) and 6α-hydroxy-deacetylgedunin (5) (prepared from 3) were evaluated using the micro test on the multi-drug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum K1 strain. The efficacy of limonoids 3 and 4 was then evaluated orally and subcutaneously in BALB/c mice infected with chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium berghei NK65 strain in the 4-day suppressive test. RESULTS In vitro, limonoids 1-5 exhibited median inhibition concentrations (IC50) of 20.7-5.0 μM, respectively. In general, these limonoids were not toxic to normal cells (MRC-5 human fibroblasts). In vivo, 3 was more active than 4. At oral doses of 50 and 100 mg/kg/day, 3 suppressed parasitaemia versus untreated controls by 40 and 66%, respectively, evidencing a clear dose-response. CONCLUSION 6α-acetoxygedunin is an abundant natural product present in C. guianensis residual seed materials that exhibits significant in vivo anti-malarial properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago B Pereira
- />Laboratório de Princípios Ativos da Amazônia, Coordenação de Tecnologia e Inovação, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Avenida André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, 69067-375 Manaus, Amazonas Brasil
- />Programa de Pós-graduação em Química, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Avenida General Rodrigo Octávio, 6200, Coroado I, Campus Universitário, 69077-000 Manaus, Amazonas Brasil
| | - Luiz F Rocha e Silva
- />Laboratório de Princípios Ativos da Amazônia, Coordenação de Tecnologia e Inovação, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Avenida André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, 69067-375 Manaus, Amazonas Brasil
- />Programa de Pós-graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Avenida General Rodrigo Octávio, 3000, Coroado I, Campus Universitário, 69077-000 Manaus, Amazonas Brasil
| | - Rodrigo CN Amorim
- />Laboratório de Princípios Ativos da Amazônia, Coordenação de Tecnologia e Inovação, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Avenida André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, 69067-375 Manaus, Amazonas Brasil
| | - Márcia RS Melo
- />Escola Superior de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Estadual do Amazonas, Avenida Carvalho Leal, 1777, Cachoeirinha, 69065-001 Manaus, Amazonas Brasil
| | - Rita C Zacardi de Souza
- />Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Caixa Postal 6154, 13083-970 Campinas, São Paulo Brasil
| | - Marcos N Eberlin
- />Instituto de Química, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Caixa Postal 6154, 13083-970 Campinas, São Paulo Brasil
| | - Emerson S Lima
- />Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Rua Comendador Alexandre Amorim, 330, Aparecida, 69103-00 Manaus, Amazonas Brasil
| | - Marne C Vasconcellos
- />Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Rua Comendador Alexandre Amorim, 330, Aparecida, 69103-00 Manaus, Amazonas Brasil
| | - Adrian M Pohlit
- />Laboratório de Princípios Ativos da Amazônia, Coordenação de Tecnologia e Inovação, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Avenida André Araújo, 2936, Petrópolis, 69067-375 Manaus, Amazonas Brasil
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Silva LFRE, Lima ES, Vasconcellos MCD, Aranha ESP, Costa DS, Mustafa EV, Morais SKRD, Alecrim MDGC, Nunomura SM, Struwe L, de Andrade-Neto VF, Pohlit AM. In vitro and in vivo antimalarial activity and cytotoxicity of extracts, fractions and a substance isolated from the Amazonian plant Tachia grandiflora (Gentianaceae). Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2014; 108:501-7. [PMID: 23827996 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762013000400017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tachia sp. are used as antimalarials in the Amazon Region and in vivo antimalarial activity of a Tachia sp. has been previously reported. Tachia grandiflora Maguire and Weaver is an Amazonian antimalarial plant and herein its cytotoxicity and antimalarial activity were investigated. Spectral analysis of the tetraoxygenated xanthone decussatin and the iridoid aglyone amplexine isolated, respectively, from the chloroform fractions of root methanol and leaf ethanol extracts was performed. In vitro inhibition of the growth of Plasmodium falciparum Welch was evaluated using optical microscopy on blood smears. Crude extracts of leaves and roots were inactive in vitro. However, chloroform fractions of the root and leaf extracts [half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) = 10.5 and 35.8 µg/mL, respectively] and amplexine (IC50= 7.1 µg/mL) were active in vitro. Extracts and fractions were not toxic to type MRC-5 human fibroblasts (IC50> 50 µg/mL). Water extracts of the roots of T. grandiflora administered by mouth were the most active extracts in the Peters 4-day suppression test in Plasmodium berghei-infected mice. At 500 mg/kg/day, these extracts exhibited 45-59% inhibition five to seven days after infection. T. grandiflora infusions, fractions and isolated substance have potential as antimalarials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Francisco Rocha e Silva
- Laboratório de Princípios Ativos da Amazônia, Coordenação de Tecnologia e Inovação, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, AM, Brasil
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Montoia A, Rocha e Silva LF, Torres ZE, Costa DS, Henrique MC, Lima ES, Vasconcellos MC, Souza RC, Costa MR, Grafov A, Grafova I, Eberlin MN, Tadei WP, Amorim RC, Pohlit AM. Antiplasmodial activity of synthetic ellipticine derivatives and an isolated analog. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:2631-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.04.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2014] [Revised: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 04/18/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Paulo A, Figueiras M, Machado M, Charneira C, Lavrado J, Santos SA, Lopes D, Gut J, Rosenthal PJ, Nogueira F, Moreira R. Bis-alkylamine Indolo[3,2-b]quinolines as Hemozoin Ligands: Implications for Antimalarial Cytostatic and Cytocidal Activities. J Med Chem 2014; 57:3295-313. [DOI: 10.1021/jm500075d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Paulo
- Instituto
de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade
de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Marta Figueiras
- Instituto
de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade
de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Marta Machado
- UEI
Malaria, Centro da Malária e Doenças Tropicais, IHMT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Rua da Junqueira, 100, P-1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Catarina Charneira
- Instituto
de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade
de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - João Lavrado
- Instituto
de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade
de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Sofia A. Santos
- Instituto
de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade
de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Dinora Lopes
- UEI
Malaria, Centro da Malária e Doenças Tropicais, IHMT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Rua da Junqueira, 100, P-1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Jiri Gut
- Department
of Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, Box 0811, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Philip J. Rosenthal
- Department
of Medicine, San Francisco General Hospital, University of California, San Francisco, Box 0811, San Francisco, California 94143, United States
| | - Fátima Nogueira
- UEI
Malaria, Centro da Malária e Doenças Tropicais, IHMT, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Rua da Junqueira, 100, P-1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Rui Moreira
- Instituto
de Investigação do Medicamento (iMed.ULisboa), Faculdade
de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
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Chierrito TPC, Aguiar ACC, de Andrade IM, Ceravolo IP, Gonçalves RAC, de Oliveira AJB, Krettli AU. Anti-malarial activity of indole alkaloids isolated from Aspidosperma olivaceum. Malar J 2014; 13:142. [PMID: 24731256 PMCID: PMC4006081 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2875-13-142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Several species of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae) are used as treatments for human diseases in the tropics. Aspidosperma olivaceum, which is used to treat fevers in some regions of Brazil, contains the monoterpenoid indole alkaloids (MIAs) aspidoscarpine, uleine, apparicine, and N-methyl-tetrahydrolivacine. Using bio-guided fractionation and cytotoxicity testing in a human hepatoma cell line, several plant fractions and compounds purified from the bark and leaves of the plant were characterized for specific therapeutic activity (and selectivity index, SI) in vitro against the blood forms of Plasmodium falciparum. Methods The activity of A. olivaceum extracts, fractions, and isolated compounds was evaluated against chloroquine (CQ)-resistant P. falciparum blood parasites by in vitro testing with radiolabelled [3H]-hypoxanthine and a monoclonal anti-histidine-rich protein (HRPII) antibody. The cytotoxicity of these fractions and compounds was evaluated in a human hepatoma cell line using a 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, and the SI was calculated as the ratio between the toxicity and activity. Two leaf fractions were tested in mice with Plasmodium berghei. Results All six fractions from the bark and leaf extracts were active in vitro at low doses (IC50 < 5.0 μg/mL) using the anti-HRPII test, and only two (the neutral and basic bark fractions) were toxic to a human cell line (HepG2). The most promising fractions were the crude leaf extract and its basic residue, which had SIs above 50. Among the four pure compounds evaluated, aspidoscarpine in the bark and leaf extracts showed the highest SI at 56; this compound, therefore, represents a possible anti-malarial drug that requires further study. The acidic leaf fraction administered by gavage to mice with blood-induced malaria was also active. Conclusion Using a bio-monitoring approach, it was possible to attribute the anti-P. falciparum activity of A. olivaceum to aspidoscarpine and, to a lesser extent, N-methyl-tetrahydrolivacine; other isolated MIA molecules were active but had lower SIs due to their higher toxicities. These results stood in contrast to previous work in which the anti-malarial activity of other Aspidosperma species was attributed to uleine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Antoniana U Krettli
- Faculdade de Medicina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Molecular, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Prof, Alfredo Balena, 190, 30130-100 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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Vandekerckhove S, Desmet T, Tran HG, de Kock C, Smith PJ, Chibale K, D’hooghe M. Synthesis of halogenated 4-quinolones and evaluation of their antiplasmodial activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:1214-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2013.12.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Revised: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Cosenza GP, Somavilla NS, Fagg CW, Brandão MGL. Bitter plants used as substitute of Cinchona spp. (quina) in Brazilian traditional medicine. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2013; 149:790-6. [PMID: 23933315 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2013] [Revised: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/03/2013] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Bitter tasting plant species are used as tonics and have been previously used to treat intermittent fevers in Brazil, the principal symptom of malaria. Many of these species were named quina and were used as substitutes of Cinchona spp., the source of quinine. AIM OF THE STUDY To present data on these bitter species named quina and to discuss their potential as sources of bioactive substances. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data about the plants were obtained from a survey of the literature and documents written by early naturalists and clinical doctors living in the 18th and 19th centuries in Brazil. Correlated pharmacological studies were obtained from different scientific databases. RESULTS A total of 29 species were recorded. The largest number of species belonged to the Rubiaceae family (14), being Remijia ferruginea (A. St.-Hil) DC. the most representative. Strychnos pseudoquina A. St.-Hil. (Loganiaceae), Hortia brasiliana Vand. ex DC. (Rutaceae) and Solanum pseudoquina A. St.-Hil. (Solanaceae) were also frequently mentioned in the historical bibliography. Pharmacological studies have shown the presence of bitter bioactive substances useful to treat digestive disorders and/or with antimalarial activities, in all of the recorded botanic families. CONCLUSION This study shows that several bitter species named quina were used in the past as substitute of Cinchona spp. and studying these plants can lead to the development of new products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo P Cosenza
- DATAPLAMT, Museu de História Natural e Jardim Botânico, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil; Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
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Pohlit AM, Lima RBS, Frausin G, Silva LFRE, Lopes SCP, Moraes CB, Cravo P, Lacerda MVG, Siqueira AM, Freitas-Junior LH, Costa FTM. Amazonian plant natural products: perspectives for discovery of new antimalarial drug leads. Molecules 2013; 18:9219-40. [PMID: 23917112 PMCID: PMC6270278 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18089219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Revised: 07/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasmodium falciparum and P. vivax malaria parasites are now resistant, or showing signs of resistance, to most drugs used in therapy. Novel chemical entities that exhibit new mechanisms of antiplasmodial action are needed. New antimalarials that block transmission of Plasmodium spp. from humans to Anopheles mosquito vectors are key to malaria eradication efforts. Although P. vivax causes a considerable number of malaria cases, its importance has for long been neglected. Vivax malaria can cause severe manifestations and death; hence there is a need for P. vivax-directed research. Plants used in traditional medicine, namely Artemisia annua and Cinchona spp. are the sources of the antimalarial natural products artemisinin and quinine, respectively. Based on these compounds, semi-synthetic artemisinin-derivatives and synthetic quinoline antimalarials have been developed and are the most important drugs in the current therapeutic arsenal for combating malaria. In the Amazon region, where P. vivax predominates, there is a local tradition of using plant-derived preparations to treat malaria. Here, we review the current P. falciparum and P. vivax drug-sensitivity assays, focusing on challenges and perspectives of drug discovery for P. vivax, including tests against hypnozoites. We also present the latest findings of our group and others on the antiplasmodial and antimalarial chemical components from Amazonian plants that may be potential drug leads against malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Martin Pohlit
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisa da Amazônia (INPA), Av. André Araújo, 2936, 69067-375 Manaus, AM, Brazil; E-Mails: (R.B.S.L.); (G.F.); (L.F.R.S.)
| | - Renata Braga Souza Lima
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisa da Amazônia (INPA), Av. André Araújo, 2936, 69067-375 Manaus, AM, Brazil; E-Mails: (R.B.S.L.); (G.F.); (L.F.R.S.)
| | - Gina Frausin
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisa da Amazônia (INPA), Av. André Araújo, 2936, 69067-375 Manaus, AM, Brazil; E-Mails: (R.B.S.L.); (G.F.); (L.F.R.S.)
| | - Luiz Francisco Rocha e Silva
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisa da Amazônia (INPA), Av. André Araújo, 2936, 69067-375 Manaus, AM, Brazil; E-Mails: (R.B.S.L.); (G.F.); (L.F.R.S.)
| | - Stefanie Costa Pinto Lopes
- Departamento de Genética, Evolução e Bioagentes, Universidade Estadual de Campinas-UNICAMP, P.O. Box 6109, 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil; E-Mail:
| | - Carolina Borsoi Moraes
- Laboratório Nacional de Biociências (LNBio) – Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais (CNEPM) - P.O. Box 6192, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil; E-Mails: (C.B.M.); (L.H.F.-J.)
| | - Pedro Cravo
- Programa de Mestrado em Sociedade, Tecnologia e Meio Ambiente. UniEVANGÉLICA-Centro Universitário de Anápolis, 75083-515 Anapólis, GO, Brazil; E-Mail:
- Centro de Malária e Doenças Tropicais, LA/IHMT-Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 1349-008 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Marcus Vinícius Guimarães Lacerda
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, 69040-000 Manaus, AM, Brazil; E-Mails: (M.V.G.L.); (A.M.S.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, 69040-000 Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - André Machado Siqueira
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, 69040-000 Manaus, AM, Brazil; E-Mails: (M.V.G.L.); (A.M.S.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Medicina Tropical, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, 69040-000 Manaus, AM, Brazil
| | - Lucio H. Freitas-Junior
- Laboratório Nacional de Biociências (LNBio) – Centro Nacional de Pesquisa em Energia e Materiais (CNEPM) - P.O. Box 6192, 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil; E-Mails: (C.B.M.); (L.H.F.-J.)
| | - Fabio Trindade Maranhão Costa
- Departamento de Genética, Evolução e Bioagentes, Universidade Estadual de Campinas-UNICAMP, P.O. Box 6109, 13083-862 Campinas, SP, Brazil; E-Mail:
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dos Santos Torres ZE, Silveira ER, Rocha e Silva LF, Lima ES, de Vasconcellos MC, de Andrade Uchoa DE, Filho RB, Pohlit AM. Chemical composition of Aspidosperma ulei Markgr. and antiplasmodial activity of selected indole alkaloids. Molecules 2013; 18:6281-97. [PMID: 23760029 PMCID: PMC6270234 DOI: 10.3390/molecules18066281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Revised: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 05/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A new indole alkaloid, 12-hydroxy-N-acetyl-21(N)-dehydroplumeran-18-oic acid (13), and 11 known indole alkaloids: 3,4,5,6-tetradehydro-β-yohimbine (3), 19(E)-hunteracine (4), β-yohimbine (5), yohimbine (6), 19,20-dehydro-17-α-yohimbine (7), uleine (10), 20-epi-dasycarpidone (11), olivacine (8), 20-epi-N-nor-dasycarpidone (14), N-demethyluleine (15) and 20(E)-nor-subincanadine E (12) and a boonein δ-lactone 9, ursolic acid (1) and 1D,1O-methyl-chiro-inositol (2) were isolated from the EtOH extracts of different parts of Aspidosperma ulei Markgr. (Apocynaceae). Identification and structural elucidation were based on IR, MS, ¹H- and ¹³C-NMR spectral data and comparison to literature data. The antiplasmodial and antimalarial activity of 1, 5, 6, 8, 10 and 15 has been previously evaluated and 1 and 10 have important in vitro and in vivo antimalarial properties according to patent and/or scientific literature. With the aim of discovering new antiplasmodial indole alkaloids, 3, 4, 11, 12 and 13 were evaluated for in vitro inhibition against the multi-drug resistant K1 strain of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. IC₅₀ values of 14.0 (39.9), 4.5 (16.7) and 14.5 (54.3) mg/mL (mM) were determined for 3, 11 and 12, respectively. Inhibitory activity of 3, 4, 11, 12 and 13 was evaluated against NIH3T3 murine fibroblasts. None of these compounds exhibited toxicity to fibroblasts (IC₅₀ > 50 mg/mL). Of the five compounds screened for in vitro antiplasmodial activity, only 11 was active.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zelina Estevam dos Santos Torres
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Caixa Postal 2223 - CEP 69080-971, Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil; E-Mails: (Z.E.S.T.); (L.F.R.S.)
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Caixa Postal 12.200 - CEP 60021-940, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil; E-Mails: (E.R.S.); (D.E.A.U.)
| | - Edilberto Rocha Silveira
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Caixa Postal 12.200 - CEP 60021-940, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil; E-Mails: (E.R.S.); (D.E.A.U.)
| | - Luiz Francisco Rocha e Silva
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Caixa Postal 2223 - CEP 69080-971, Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil; E-Mails: (Z.E.S.T.); (L.F.R.S.)
- Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Avenida General Rodrigo Otávio Jordão Ramos, 3000, CEP 69077-000 Campus Universitário, Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil; E-Mails: (E.S.L.); (M.C.V.)
| | - Emerson Silva Lima
- Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Avenida General Rodrigo Otávio Jordão Ramos, 3000, CEP 69077-000 Campus Universitário, Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil; E-Mails: (E.S.L.); (M.C.V.)
| | - Marne Carvalho de Vasconcellos
- Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Avenida General Rodrigo Otávio Jordão Ramos, 3000, CEP 69077-000 Campus Universitário, Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil; E-Mails: (E.S.L.); (M.C.V.)
| | - Daniel Esdras de Andrade Uchoa
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Caixa Postal 12.200 - CEP 60021-940, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brasil; E-Mails: (E.R.S.); (D.E.A.U.)
| | - Raimundo Braz Filho
- Universidade Estadual do Norte Fluminense Darcy Ribeiro, CEP 28013-602 Campos dos Goytacazes, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil; E-Mail:
| | - Adrian Martin Pohlit
- Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Caixa Postal 2223 - CEP 69080-971, Manaus, Amazonas, Brasil; E-Mails: (Z.E.S.T.); (L.F.R.S.)
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