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Guan G, Cao H, Tang Z, Zhang K, Zhong M, Lv R, Wan W, Guo F, Wang Y, Gao Y. Mechanistic studies on the alleviation of ANIT-induced cholestatic liver injury by Polygala fallax Hemsl. polysaccharides. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 328:118108. [PMID: 38574780 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/23/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Polygala fallax Hemsl. is a traditional folk medicine commonly used by ethnic minorities in the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, and has a traditional application in the treatment of liver disease. Polygala fallax Hemsl. polysaccharides (PFPs) are of interest for their potential health benefits. AIM OF THIS STUDY This study explored the impact of PFPs on a mouse model of cholestatic liver injury (CLI) induced by alpha-naphthyl isothiocyanate (ANIT), as well as the potential mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS A mouse CLI model was constructed using ANIT (80 mg/kg) and intervened with different doses of PFPs or ursodeoxycholic acid. Their serum biochemical indices, hepatic oxidative stress indices, and hepatic pathological characteristics were investigated. Then RNA sequencing was performed on liver tissues to identify differentially expressed genes and signaling pathways and to elucidate the mechanism of liver protection by PFPs. Finally, Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting were used to verify the differentially expressed genes. RESULTS Data analyses showed that PFPs reduced the levels of liver function-related biochemical indices, such as ALT, AST, AKP, TBA, DBIL, and TBIL. PFPs up-regulated the activities of SOD and GSH, down-regulated the contents of MDA, inhibited the release of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α, or promoted IL-10. Pathologic characterization of the liver revealed that PFPs reduced hepatocyte apoptosis or necrosis. The RNA sequencing indicated that the genes with differential expression were primarily enriched for the biosynthesis of primary bile acids, secretion or transportation of bile, the reactive oxygen species in chemical carcinogenesis, and the NF-kappa B signaling pathway. In addition, the results of qRT-PCR and Western blotting analysis were consistent with those of RNA sequencing analysis. CONCLUSIONS In summary, this study showed that PFPs improved intrahepatic cholestasis and alleviated liver damage through the modulation of primary bile acid production, Control of protein expression related to bile secretion or transportation, decrease in inflammatory reactions, and inhibition of oxidative pressure. As a result, PFPs might offer a hopeful ethnic dietary approach for managing intrahepatic cholestasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Guan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, China; Pharmacology Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence of Disease, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, China
| | - Houkang Cao
- Pharmacology Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence of Disease, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, China
| | - Zixuan Tang
- Pharmacology Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence of Disease, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, China
| | - Kefeng Zhang
- Pharmacology Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence of Disease, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, China
| | - Mingli Zhong
- Pharmacology Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence of Disease, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, China
| | - Rui Lv
- Pharmacology Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence of Disease, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, China
| | - Weimin Wan
- Pharmacology Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence of Disease, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, China
| | - Fengyue Guo
- Pharmacology Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence of Disease, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, China
| | - Yongwang Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541001, China.
| | - Ya Gao
- Pharmacology Laboratory of Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence of Disease, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, 541199, China.
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Chen Y, Wang Y, He L, Wang L, Zhao J, Yang Z, Li Q, Shi R. Supercritical CO 2 Extraction of Terpenoids from Indocalamus latifolius Leaves: Optimization, Purification, and Antioxidant Activity. Foods 2024; 13:1719. [PMID: 38890947 PMCID: PMC11171701 DOI: 10.3390/foods13111719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/27/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the efficacy of supercritical CO2 (SC-CO2) extraction in enhancing the extraction rate, purity, and antioxidant activity of Indocalamus latifolius (Keng) McClure (Poaceae) leaf terpenoids (ILLTs). Crude extracts obtained from leaves were subjected to qualitative and quantitative analyses, revealing neophytadiene, phytol, β-sitosterol, β-amyrone, squalene, and friedelin as the primary terpenoid constituents, identified through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Compared with steam distillation extraction (SD), simultaneous distillation extraction (SDE), ultra-high pressure-assisted n-hexane extraction (UHPE-Hex), ultra-high pressure-assisted ethanol extraction (UHPE-EtOH), ultrasound-assisted n-hexane extraction (UE-Hex), and ultrasound-assisted ethanol extraction (UE-EtOH), SC-CO2 exhibited a superior ILLT extraction rate, purity, and antioxidant activity. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) observations of the residues further revealed more severe damage to both the residues and their cell walls after SC-CO2 extraction. Under optimal parameters (4.5 h, 26 MPa, 39 °C, and 20% ethyl alcohol), the ILLT extraction rate with SC-CO2 reached 1.44 ± 0.12 mg/g, which was significantly higher than the rates obtained by the other six methods. The subsequent separation and purification using WelFlash C18-l, BUCHI-C18, and Sephadex LH-20 led to an increase in the purity of the six terpenoid components from 12.91% to 93.34%. Furthermore, the ILLTs demonstrated cytotoxicity against HepG2 cells with an IC50 value of 148.93 ± 9.93 μg/mL. Additionally, with increasing concentrations, the ILLTs exhibited an enhanced cellular antioxidant status, as evidenced by reductions in both reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yadan Chen
- The Key Laboratory of State Forest Food Resources Utilization and Quality Control, Department of Forest Foods, Zhejiang Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 310023, China
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Yanbin Wang
- The Key Laboratory of State Forest Food Resources Utilization and Quality Control, Department of Forest Foods, Zhejiang Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Liang He
- The Key Laboratory of State Forest Food Resources Utilization and Quality Control, Department of Forest Foods, Zhejiang Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Liling Wang
- The Key Laboratory of State Forest Food Resources Utilization and Quality Control, Department of Forest Foods, Zhejiang Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Jianchen Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of State Forest Food Resources Utilization and Quality Control, Department of Forest Foods, Zhejiang Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Zhenya Yang
- The Key Laboratory of State Forest Food Resources Utilization and Quality Control, Department of Forest Foods, Zhejiang Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Qin Li
- The Key Laboratory of State Forest Food Resources Utilization and Quality Control, Department of Forest Foods, Zhejiang Academy of Forestry, Hangzhou 310023, China
| | - Rui Shi
- Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Light Industry and Food Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
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3
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Duan X, Ao J, Yu M, Li S, Li X, Zhang J. Shuganning Injection Suppresses Apoptosis for Protecting Against Cantharidin-Induced Liver Injury by Network Pharmacology and Experiment Validation. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:13692-13703. [PMID: 38559921 PMCID: PMC10976354 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Cantharidin (CTD) is a compound of mylabris with antitumor activity, and CTD can potentially cause toxicity, especially hepatotoxicity. The classical Traditional Chinese Medicine prescription Shuganning injection (SGNI) exerts notable anti-inflammatory and hepatoprotective effects. However, the protective property and mechanism of SGNI against CTD-induced liver injury (CTD-DILI) have not yet been elucidated. To investigate the effective compounds, potential targets, and molecular mechanism of SGNI against CTD-DILI, network pharmacology combined with experiments were performed. This study found that SGNI could act with 62 core therapeutic targets, regulate multiple biological processes such as apoptosis, and oxidative stress, and influence apoptotic and p53 signaling pathways to treat CTD-DILI. Subsequently, HepaRG cell experiments demonstrated that SGNI pretreatment significantly increased the levels of GSH-Px and SOD, inhibiting the apoptosis induced by CTD. In vivo, according to H&E staining, SGNI can reduce the degeneration of hepatocytes and cytoplasmic vacuolation in mice exposed to CTD. Western blot analysis results indicated that SGNI pretreatment significantly suppressed the expressions of Caspase-3 and Bax while increasing the expression of Bcl-2. In conclusion, SGNI acted as a protective agent against CTD-DILI by inhibiting apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Duan
- School
of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Jingwen Ao
- School
of Pharmacy, Zunyi medical university, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Ming Yu
- School
of Pharmacy, Zunyi medical university, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Sali Li
- School
of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Xiaofei Li
- School
of Basic Medicine, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
| | - Jianyong Zhang
- School
of Pharmacy, Zunyi medical university, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
- Key
Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology Ministry Education and Joint International
Research Laboratory of Ethnomedicine Ministry of education, Zunyi medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563000, China
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Islam Shawon S, Nargis Reyda R, Qais N. Medicinal herbs and their metabolites with biological potential to protect and combat liver toxicity and its disorders: A review. Heliyon 2024; 10:e25340. [PMID: 38356556 PMCID: PMC10864916 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
The liver is an essential organ that helps the body with immunity, metabolism, and detoxification, among other functions. Worldwide, liver illnesses are a leading cause of mortality and disability. There are few effective treatment choices, but they frequently have unfavorable side effects. Investigating the potential of medicinal plants and their bioactive phytoconstituents in the prevention and treatment of liver disorders has gained more attention in recent years. An assessment of the hepatoprotective potential of medicinal plants and their bioactive secondary metabolites is the goal of this thorough review paper. To determine their hepatoprotective activity, these plants were tested against liver toxicity artificially induced in rats, mice and rabbits by chemical agents such as carbon tetrachloride (CCl4), paracetamol (PCM), thioacetamide (TAA), N-nitrosodiethylamine, d-galactosamine/lipopolysaccharide, antitubercular medicines (rifampin, isoniazid) and alcohol. To find pertinent research publications published between 1989 and 2022, a comprehensive search of electronic bibliographic databases (including Web of Science, SpringerLink, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, PubMed, Scopus, and others) was carried out. The investigation comprised 203 plant species from 81 families in total. A thorough discussion was mentioned regarding the hepatoprotective qualities of plants belonging to several families, such as Fabaceae, Asteraceae, Lamiaceae, and Euphorbiaceae. The plant groups Asteraceae and Fabaceae were the most frequently shown to have hepatoprotective properties. The phytochemical constituents namely flavonoids, phenolic compounds, and alkaloids exhibited the highest frequency of hepatoprotective action. Also, some possible mechanism of action of some active constituents from medicinal plants was discussed in brief which were found in some studies. In summary, the information on medicinal plants and their potentially hepatoprotective bioactive phytoconstituents has been consolidated in this review which emphasizes the importance of further research to explore the efficacy and safety of these natural remedies for various liver ailments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahparan Islam Shawon
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Rashmia Nargis Reyda
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Nazmul Qais
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh
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Zhang S, Zheng Y, Du H, Zhang W, Li H, Ou Y, Xu F, Lin J, Fu H, Ni X, Chang LJ, Shu G. The Pathophysiological Changes and Clinical Effects of Tetramethylpyrazine in ICR Mice with Fluoride-Induced Hepatopathy. Molecules 2023; 28:4849. [PMID: 37375405 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28124849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The excessive intake of fluoride, one of the trace elements required to maintain health, leads to liver injury. Tetramethylpyrazine (TMP) is a kind of traditional Chinese medicine monomer with a good antioxidant and hepatoprotective function. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of TMP on liver injury induced by acute fluorosis. A total of 60 1-month-old male ICR mice were selected. All mice were randomly divided into five groups: a control (K) group, a model (F) group, a low-dose (LT) group, a medium-dose (MT) group, and a high-dose (HT) group. The control and model groups were given distilled water, while 40 mg/kg (LT), 80 mg/kg (MT), or 160 mg/kg (HT) of TMP was fed by gavage for two weeks, with a maximum gavage volume for the mice of 0.2 mL/10 g/d. Except for the control group, all groups were given fluoride (35 mg/kg) by an intraperitoneal injection on the last day of the experiment. The results of this study showed that, compared with the model group, TMP alleviated the pathological changes in the liver induced by the fluoride and improved the ultrastructure of liver cells; TMP significantly decreased the levels of ALT, AST, and MDA (p < 0.05) and increased the levels of T-AOC, T-SOD, and GSH (p < 0.05). The results of mRNA detection showed that TMP significantly increased the mRNA expression levels of Nrf2, HO-1, CAT, GSH-Px, and SOD in the liver compared with the model group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, TMP can inhibit oxidative stress by activating the Nrf2 pathway and alleviate the liver injury induced by fluoride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhang
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611100, China
| | - Yilei Zheng
- Center for Veterinary Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310030, China
| | - Hong Du
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611100, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611100, China
| | - Haohuan Li
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611100, China
| | - Yangping Ou
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611100, China
| | - Funeng Xu
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611100, China
| | - Juchun Lin
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611100, China
| | - Hualin Fu
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611100, China
| | - Xueqing Ni
- Animal Microecology Institute, College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Li-Jen Chang
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Virginia-Maryland College of Veterinary Medicine, Blacksburg, VA 24061, USA
| | - Gang Shu
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611100, China
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6
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Khayat MT, Mohammad KA, Mohamed GA, El-Agamy DS, Elsaed WM, Ibrahim SRM. γ-Mangostin abrogates AINT-induced cholestatic liver injury: Impact on Nrf2/NF-κB/NLRP3/Caspase-1/IL-1β/GSDMD signalling. Life Sci 2023; 322:121663. [PMID: 37023956 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023]
Abstract
γ-Mangostin (γ-MN) is one of the abundant xanthones separated from Garcinia mangostana (Clusiaceae) pericarps that has been reported to have varied bioactivities such as neuroprotective, cytotoxic, antihyperglycemic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammation. Yet, its effect on cholestatic liver damage (CLI) has not been investigated. This study explored the protective activity of γ-MN against alpha-naphthyl isothiocyanate (ANIT)-induced CLI in mice. The results showed that γ-MN protected against ANIT-induced CLI as indicated by reduced serum levels of hepatic injury parameters (e.g., ALT, AST, γ-GT, ALP, LDH, bilirubin, and total bile acids). ANIT-induced pathological lesions were improved in γ-MN pre-treated groups. γ-MN exerted potent antioxidant effects as it lowered the parameters of lipid peroxidation (4-HNE, PC, and MDA) and intensified the content and activity of antioxidants (TAC, GSH, GSH-Px, GST, and SOD) in the hepatic tissue. Furthermore, γ-MN enhanced the signalling of Nrf2/HO-1 as it augmented the mRNA expression of Nrf2/downstream genes (HO-1/GCLc/NQO1/SOD). The binding capacity and the immuno-expression of Nrf2 were also increased. γ-MN showed anti-inflammatory capacity as it suppressed the activation of NF-κB signalling, it decreased mRNA expression and levels of NF-κB/TNF-α/IL-6 and the immuno-expression of NF-κB/TNF-α. In addition, γ-MN inhibited the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome as it lowered the mRNA expression of NLRP3/caspase-1/IL-1β along with their levels as well as the immuno-expression of caspase-1/IL-1β. γ-MN also reduced the level of the pyroptotic parameter GSDMD. Collectively, this study demonstrated the potent hepatoprotective potential of γ-MN against CLI which was linked to its ability to potentiate Nrf2/HO-1 and to offset NF-κB/NLRP3/Caspase-1/IL-1β/GSDMD. Hence, γ-MN may be suggested as a new candidate for cholestatic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maan T Khayat
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Khadijah A Mohammad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Gamal A Mohamed
- Department of Natural Products and Alternative Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Dina S El-Agamy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
| | - Wael M Elsaed
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt.
| | - Sabrin R M Ibrahim
- Department of Chemistry, Preparatory Year Program, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt.
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Mahmoud MF, Ali N, Mahdi I, Mouhtady O, Mostafa I, El-Shazly AM, Abdelfattah MA, Hasan RA, Sobeh M. Coriander essential oil attenuates dexamethasone-induced acute liver injury through potentiating Nrf2/HO-1 and ameliorating apoptotic signaling. J Funct Foods 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2023.105484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
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8
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Lu YY, Li SQ, Lai QZ, Wang LY, Zhou WM, Hua CL, Ning DD, Zhang CC, Li MY, Jiang FS. Chemical constituents, antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties of ethanol extract from Artemisia japonica Thumb. Leaves. ARAB J CHEM 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.104526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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9
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Li Y, Tian Y, Wang Q, Gu X, Chen L, Jia Y, Cao S, Zhang T, Zhou M, Gou X. Serum metabolomics strategy for investigating the hepatotoxicity induced by different exposure times and doses of Gynura segetum (Lour.) Merr. in rats based on GC-MS. RSC Adv 2023; 13:2635-2648. [PMID: 36741154 PMCID: PMC9844675 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra07269f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Gynura segetum (Lour.) Merr. (GS), has been widely used in Chinese folk medicine and can promote circulation, relieve pain and remove stasis. In recent years, the hepatotoxicity caused by GS has been reported, however its mechanism is not fully elucidated. Metabolomic techniques are powerful means to explore the toxicological mechanism and therapeutic effects of traditional Chinese medicine. The purpose of this study was to establish a serum metabolomics method based on Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) to explore the hepatotoxicity mechanism of different exposure times and doses of GS in rats. Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were administered daily with distilled water, 7.5 g kg-1 GS, or 15 g kg-1 GS by intragastrical gavage for either 10 or 21 days. The methods adopted included enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) staining and GC-MS-based serum metabolomics. Serum biochemistry analysis showed that the levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), triglycerides (TG), total bilirubin (TBIL) and total bile acid (TBA) significantly (P < 0.05) increased while the levels of albumin (ALB) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) significantly (P < 0.05) decreased in GS-treated groups, compared with the control group. Interestingly, the ALT, AST, TG and ALB levels changed in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The results of H&E staining showed the degree of liver damage after administration of GS gradually deepened with the extension of administration time and the increase of the dose. According to the results of metabolomics analysis, 26 differential metabolites were identified, which were involved in 8 metabolic pathways including phenylalanine metabolism, glyoxylic acid and dicarboxylic acid metabolism and so on. Meanwhile, the number of differential metabolites in different GS-treated groups was associated with GS exposure time and dose. Therefore, we concluded that GS might induce hepatotoxicity depending on the exposure time and dose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai201203China
| | - Yingxin Tian
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai201203China,School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai201203China
| | - Qixue Wang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai201203China
| | - Xinyi Gu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai201203China
| | - Long Chen
- Experiment Center of Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai201203China
| | - Yiqun Jia
- Experiment Center of Science and Technology, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai201203China
| | - Shan Cao
- Central Laboratory, Baoshan District Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine of ShanghaiShanghai201999China+86 21 56601100+86 21 36072150
| | - Ting Zhang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai201203China
| | - Mingmei Zhou
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai201203China
| | - Xiaojun Gou
- Central Laboratory, Baoshan District Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine of ShanghaiShanghai201999China+86 21 56601100+86 21 36072150
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Liu Z, Liu D, Chen M, Zong W, Zhou X, Meng F, Jiang Y, Chen M, Liao Z, Wang G. Effects of Sedi Herba (Sedum sarmentosum) on attenuating cholestasis by the activation of the farnesoid x receptor (FXR)-mediated signaling. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 155:113803. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2022] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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11
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Wei C, Qiu J, Wu Y, Chen Z, Yu Z, Huang Z, Yang K, Hu H, Liu F. Promising traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of cholestatic liver disease process (cholestasis, hepatitis, liver fibrosis, liver cirrhosis). JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 297:115550. [PMID: 35863612 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2022.115550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Cholestatic liver disease (CLD) is mainly characterized by cholestasis. If not treated, it will deteriorate to cholestatic hepatitis, liver fibrosis, liver cirrhosis, and even liver failure. CLD has a high clinical incidence, and limited treatment with single therapy. In the long-term clinical exploration, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been corroborated with unique therapeutic effects on the CLD process. AIM OF THIS REVIEW This paper summarizes the effective single and compound TCMs for the treatment of CLD. According to 4 important clinical stages of CLD: cholestasis, hepatitis, liver fibrosis, liver cirrhosis, pharmacological effects and mechanisms of 5 typical TCM examples are reviewed, aims to provide basis for clinical drug selection in different processes of CLD. MATERIALS AND METHODS Relevant scientific articles regarding therapeutic effects of TCM for the CLD were collected from different databases. We collated three single herbs including Artemisia scoparia Waldst. et Kit. or Artemisia capillaris Thunb. (Artemisiae Scopariae Herba, Yin Chen in Chinese), Paeonia lactiflora Pall. or Paeonia veitchii Lynch. (Paeoniae radix rubra, Chi Shao in Chinese), Poria cocos (Schw.) Wolf (Poria, Fu Ling in Chinese), and two compound herbs of Huang Qi Decoction (HQD) and Yin Chen Hao Decoction (YCHD) to studied and analyzed. RESULTS We proposed five promising TCMs treatments for the important developmental stages of CLD. Among them, Yin Chen is an essential medicine for protecting liver and gallbladder, and its TCM prescription is also a promising strategy for cholestasis. Based on clinical evidence, high-dose application of Chi Shao is a clinical special treatment of cholestasis hepatitis. Fu Ling can regulate immune cells and increase antibody levels in serum, which is expected to be an emerging therapy to prevent cholestatic liver fibrosis to cirrhosis. HQD can be used as routine clinical medicine for liver fibrosis. In addition, YCHD can exert better comprehensive advantages with multiple components, can treat the whole course of CLD and prevent it from developing to the end-stage. CONCLUSION Yin Chen, Chi Shao, Fu Ling, HQD and YCHD have shown good clinical efficacy in controlling the development of CLD. Clinically, it is easier to curb the development of CLD by adopting graded diagnosis and treatment measures. We suggest that CLD should be risk stratified in clinical treatment to ensure personalized treatment for patients, so as to slow down the development of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunlei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Jing Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Yuyi Wu
- Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Ziqiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Ziwei Yu
- Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Zecheng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Ke Yang
- Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Huiling Hu
- Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611137, China.
| | - Fang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Standardization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Sichuan, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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Jiang Z, Yang X, Han Y, Li J, Hu C, Liu C, Xiao W. Sarmentosin promotes USP17 and regulates Nrf2-mediated mitophagy and cellular oxidative stress to alleviate APAP-induced acute liver failure. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2022; 104:154337. [PMID: 35849971 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/10/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An overdose of acetaminophen (APAP), the main cause of acute liver failure (ALF), induces oxidative stress that ultimately causes mitochondrial impairment and hepatotoxicity. The nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) was widely recognized as an anti-oxidative stress mechanism. The present study was aimed at investigating whether sarmentosin, extract from traditional Chinese medicine, protects the liver against APAP-induced injury via activating Nrf2 and subsequently decreasing oxidative stress. METHODS Male ICR mice were treated with sarmentosin oral administration for 1 week and injected APAP (300 mg/kg. i.p.) for acute liver injury model. The liver and serum of mice for histological and biochemistry analysis. AML12 and LO2 cells were used in vitro assays. RESULTS We found that sarmentosin moderately increased accumulation of Nrf2 via upregulating USP17-mediated ubiquitin inhibition at the early stage of hepatocytes damage. The Nrf2 separating from bonding protein Keap1 translocated into nucleus and activated downstream gene of antioxidants. Mitophagy, a unique autophagy can remove Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) damaged mitochondria, was elevated in this progress to maintain mitochondria function and ROS homeostasis. CONCLUSION In summary, our research revealed that sarmentosin could alleviate APAP-induced liver acute injury through USP17-mediated Nrf2 overexpression and PINK1-dependent mitophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhitao Jiang
- Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Xiang Yang
- Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Yi Han
- Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Jie Li
- Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Chen Hu
- Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Chundi Liu
- Zhangjiagang TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- Economic and Technological Development Zone, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Jiangning Industrial City, Lianyungang Jiangsu 222001, China.
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Liu M, Sun C, Zheng X, Zhou Q, Liu B, Zhou Y, Xu P, Liu B. Comparative Proteomic Analysis Revealed the Mechanism of Tea Tree Oil Targeting Lipid Metabolism and Antioxidant System to Protect Hepatopancreatic Health in Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Front Immunol 2022; 13:906435. [PMID: 35711420 PMCID: PMC9195101 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.906435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Tea tree oil (TTO) is a pure natural plant essential oil. The studies evaluated the hepatopancreas lipid metabolism and antioxidant efficacy of Macrobrachium rosenbergii fed with 0 (CT group) and 100 mg/kg TTO (TT group) by label-free quantification proteomic analysis. Compared to the CT group, the TT group improved growth performance and increased the survival rate after stress. Dietary TTO also decreased hemolymph AST and ALT activities and decreased hepatopancreatic vacuolation. At the same time, hepatopancreas lipids droplets and hemolymph lipids (TG, TC, LDL-C) were decreased, and the peroxidation products content (MDA, LPO, 4-HNE) was also decreased. In addition, the levels of hepatopancreas antioxidant enzymes (T-AOC, CAT, and SOD) were increased in the TT group. With proteomic analysis, a total of 151 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) (99 up-regulated and 52 down-regulated) were identified in the hepatopancreas. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) and protein-protein interaction analysis showed that the 16 DEPs have interactions, which are mainly involved in the pathways related to lipid metabolism (fatty acid biosynthesis, fatty acid metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism) and redox reaction (cytochrome P450 enzyme systems). Furthermore, the mRNA expression of 15 proteins followed the proteomic analysis with qRT-PCR validation. Pearson correlation analysis showed that fatty acids and glycerophospholipid metabolism-related proteins were highly correlated to peroxide content, glycerophospholipid metabolism, and cytochrome P450 system-related proteins (CYP1A1, GSTT1, GPX4) were highly correlated to AST and ALT. Additionally, GPX4 is closely related to peroxide content and antioxidant enzyme activity. Our results revealed that TTO plays a protective role in the hepatopancreas targeting the critical enzymes and antioxidant reactions in lipid metabolism. Provides a new perspective to elucidate the action path of TTO in protecting invertebrate hepatopancreas, highlights the influence of lipid metabolism on hepatopancreas health and the interaction between lipid metabolism and antioxidant system in the regulation of TTO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyang Liu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China
| | - Cunxin Sun
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Health, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Wuxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
| | - Xiaochuan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Health, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Wuxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
| | - Qunlan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Health, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Wuxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yifan Zhou
- College of Fisheries and Life Sciences, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pao Xu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Health, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Wuxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
- *Correspondence: Pao Xu, ; Bo Liu,
| | - Bo Liu
- Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Nutrition and Health, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Wuxi, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fisheries and Germplasm Resources Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Freshwater Fisheries Research Center, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Wuxi, China
- *Correspondence: Pao Xu, ; Bo Liu,
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Jiang Z, Han Y, Zhang Y, Li J, Liu C. Sedum sarmentosum Bunge Attenuates Drug-Induced Liver Injury via Nrf2 Signaling Pathway: An Experimental Verification Based on Network Pharmacology Prediction. JOURNAL OF HEALTHCARE ENGINEERING 2021; 2021:1142638. [PMID: 34900173 PMCID: PMC8577938 DOI: 10.1155/2021/1142638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Using network pharmacology and in vivo experiments, we investigated the antidrug-induced liver injury components and functional processes of Sedum sarmentosum Bunge (SSBE). Methods The effective components, primary active ingredients, and possible target in the therapy of DILI were predicted using network pharmacology and bioinformatics. APAP was inducing the DILI model. In vivo testing of the pharmacodynamic foundation of SSBE in the treatment of DILI was performed. Results The TCMSP database evaluated five main active components and 299 related targets. In addition, 707 differential genes for DILI were obtained from the DisGeNET database, DigSee database, and OMIM database. 61 related targets were mapped to predict the targets of SSBE acting on DILI. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) core network contained 59 proteins, including IL-β, MARK14, SSP1, and MMP9. These genes are closely related to the Nrf2/ARE signaling pathway, and they may play a key role in the hepatoprotective effect of SSBE. Verification experiment results showed that, in the DILI mouse model, SSBE promoted inflammation diminution and regulation of Nrf2-ARE cascade. SSBE protected normal hepatocyte growth and inhibited apoptosis of normal liver cells induced by APAP. SSBE inhibited the expression of Nrf2 and ARE proteins in the liver tissue of the DILI mouse model in vivo. Conclusion By modulating the Nrf2 signaling pathway, the active components in SSBE may protect against drug-induced liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhitao Jiang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhangjiagang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Zhangjiagang, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215600, China
| | - Yi Han
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhangjiagang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Zhangjiagang, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215600, China
| | - Yuechan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhangjiagang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Zhangjiagang, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215600, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhangjiagang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Zhangjiagang, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215600, China
| | - Chundi Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Zhangjiagang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Zhangjiagang, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215600, China
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15
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McBryde ES, Meehan MT, Caldwell JM, Adekunle AI, Ogunlade ST, Kuddus MA, Ragonnet R, Jayasundara P, Trauer JM, Cope RC. Modelling direct and herd protection effects of vaccination against the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant in Australia. Med J Aust 2021; 215:427-432. [PMID: 34477236 PMCID: PMC8662033 DOI: 10.5694/mja2.51263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To analyse the outcomes of COVID-19 vaccination by vaccine type, age group eligibility, vaccination strategy, and population coverage. DESIGN Epidemiologic modelling to assess the final size of a COVID-19 epidemic in Australia, with vaccination program (Pfizer, AstraZeneca, mixed), vaccination strategy (vulnerable first, transmitters first, untargeted), age group eligibility threshold (5 or 15 years), population coverage, and pre-vaccination effective reproduction number ( R eff v ¯ ) for the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant as factors. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Numbers of SARS-CoV-2 infections; cumulative hospitalisations, deaths, and years of life lost. RESULTS Assuming R eff v ¯ = 5, the current mixed vaccination program (vaccinating people aged 60 or more with the AstraZeneca vaccine and people under 60 with the Pfizer vaccine) will not achieve herd protection unless population vaccination coverage reaches 85% by lowering the vaccination eligibility age to 5 years. At R eff v ¯ = 3, the mixed program could achieve herd protection at 60-70% population coverage and without vaccinating 5-15-year-old children. At R eff v ¯ = 7, herd protection is unlikely to be achieved with currently available vaccines, but they would still reduce the number of COVID-19-related deaths by 85%. CONCLUSION Vaccinating vulnerable people first is the optimal policy when population vaccination coverage is low, but vaccinating more socially active people becomes more important as the R eff v ¯ declines and vaccination coverage increases. Assuming the most plausible R eff v ¯ of 5, vaccinating more than 85% of the population, including children, would be needed to achieve herd protection. Even without herd protection, vaccines are highly effective in reducing the number of deaths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma S McBryde
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD
| | - Michael T Meehan
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD
| | - Jamie M Caldwell
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD.,University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, United States of America
| | - Adeshina I Adekunle
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD.,Australian Department of Defence, Melbourne, VIC
| | - Samson T Ogunlade
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD
| | - Md Abdul Kuddus
- Australian Institute of Tropical Health and Medicine, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD.,University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | | | | | | | - Robert C Cope
- Biological Data Sciences Institute, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT
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16
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Huang X, Tang W, Lin C, Sa Z, Xu M, Liu J, Wang L, Li W, Chen Y, Yang C. Protective mechanism of Astragalus Polysaccharides against Cantharidin-induced liver injury determined in vivo by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry metabolomics. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2021; 129:61-71. [PMID: 33834601 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cantharidin (CTD) is a promising anticancer drug; however, its dosage is limited by hepatotoxicity. We previously showed that Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) effectively improved chemical liver injury. In this study, we established a CTD-induced subacute liver injury mouse model and examined the effects of APS on weight, liver indexes, histopathology, serum biochemical indexes and liver metabolism. Compared with the control group, mice in the CTD model group had obvious liver damage, which was partially prevented by APS. Metabolomics demonstrated that CTD caused liver damage mainly by regulating glycerophospholipid metabolism, ABC transporter pathways and choline metabolism in cancer in vivo. APS regulated primary bile acid biosynthesis and glycerophospholipid metabolism, thus decreasing the liver damage caused by CTD. This study revealed the protective mechanism of APS against CTD-induced liver injury from the perspective of metabolomics. The results provide an important basis for analysing the mechanism of CTD-induced liver toxicity and for assessing clinical treatment options to reduce CTD liver toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoduo Huang
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Wenchao Tang
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Chang Lin
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Zongge Sa
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Mengdan Xu
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Jieying Liu
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Lina Wang
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Wen Li
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Yunzhi Chen
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Changfu Yang
- Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
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17
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Zhang X, Bi C, Chen Q, Xu H, Shi H, Li X. Structure elucidation of arabinogalactoglucan isolated from Sedum sarmentosum Bunge and its inhibition on hepatocellular carcinoma cells in vitro. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 180:152-160. [PMID: 33741368 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sedum sarmentosum Bunge (SS) is clinically used as Chinese medicine for hepatitis related diseases treatment. The purpose of this study was to explore the chemical structures of polysaccharides from this plant. A neutral polysaccharide (SSWP) was isolated and purified by ion-exchange chromatography and Superdex-75 column. The obtained SSWP was a homogenous one with a molecular weight of 21.5 kDa according to the high-performance gel permeation chromatography. The major monosaccharide composition of SSWP was arabinose, glucose and galactose in a molar ratio of 2.4:1:1.8. The methylation analysis showed that SSWP consists mainly of Araf-(1→, →5)-Araf-(1→, →3,5)-Araf-(1→, →4)-Galp-(1→, →4)-Glcp-(1→. The NMR result and enzymatic digestion data comprehensively indicated that SSWP was a novel arabinogalactoglucan-type structure. The anticancer assay in vitro exhibited that SSWP could effectively inhibit 48.9% of Huh-7 cells growth at 50 μg/mL and arrest cells at S-phase, and induce tumor cells apoptosis. Together, polysaccharide from S. sarmentosum Bunge could be a potential natural antitumor agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue Zhang
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, PR China
| | - Caili Bi
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, PR China
| | - Qi Chen
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, PR China
| | - Hairong Xu
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, PR China
| | - Hongcan Shi
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, PR China
| | - Xiaojun Li
- Institute of Translational Medicine, Medical College, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Senile Diseases, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, PR China.
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Feng SL, Zhang J, Jin H, Zhu WT, Yuan Z. A Network Pharmacology Study of the Molecular Mechanisms of Hypericum japonicum in the Treatment of Cholestatic Hepatitis with Validation in an Alpha-Naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT) Hepatotoxicity Rat Model. Med Sci Monit 2021; 27:e928402. [PMID: 33657087 PMCID: PMC7938440 DOI: 10.12659/msm.928402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This network pharmacology study aimed to identify the active compounds and molecular mechanisms involved in the effects of Hypericum japonicum on cholestatic hepatitis. We validated the findings in an alpha-naphthylisothiocyanate (ANIT) rat model of hepatotoxicity. Material/Methods The chemical constituents and targets of H. japonicum and target genes previously associated with cholestatic hepatitis were retrieved from public databases. A network was constructed using Cytoscape 3.7.2 software and the STRING database and potential protein functions were analyzed based on the public platform of bioinformatics. ANIT was used to induce cholestatic hepatitis in a rat model using 36 Sprague-Dawley rats, and this model was used to investigate intervention with 3 doses of quercetin (low-dose, 50 mg/kg; medium-dose, 100 mg/kg; and high-dose, 200 mg/kg), the main active component of H. japonicum. Levels of serum biochemical indexes were measured by commercial kits, and the messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of markers of liver and mitochondrial function and oxidative stress were detected by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results The main active ingredients of H. japonicum were quercetin, kaempferol, and tetramethoxyluteolin, and their key targets included prostaglandin G/H synthase 2 (PTGS2), B-cell lymphoma-2 (BCL2), cholesterol 7-alpha hydroxylase (CYP7A1), and farnesoid X receptor (FXR). Quercetin intervention promoted recovery from cholestatic hepatitis. Conclusions The findings from this research provide support for future research on the roles of quercetin, kaempferol, and tetramethoxyluteolin in human liver disease and the roles of the PTGS2, BCL2, CYP7A1, and FXR genes in cholestatic hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sen Ling Feng
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Hongliu Jin
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Wen Ting Zhu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
| | - Zhongwen Yuan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China (mainland)
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Surai PF, Kochish II, Kidd MT. Redox Homeostasis in Poultry: Regulatory Roles of NF-κB. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:186. [PMID: 33525511 PMCID: PMC7912633 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Redox biology is a very quickly developing area of modern biological sciences, and roles of redox homeostasis in health and disease have recently received tremendous attention. There are a range of redox pairs in the cells/tissues responsible for redox homeostasis maintenance/regulation. In general, all redox elements are interconnected and regulated by various means, including antioxidant and vitagene networks. The redox status is responsible for maintenance of cell signaling and cell stress adaptation. Physiological roles of redox homeostasis maintenance in avian species, including poultry, have received limited attention and are poorly characterized. However, for the last 5 years, this topic attracted much attention, and a range of publications covered some related aspects. In fact, transcription factor Nrf2 was shown to be a master regulator of antioxidant defenses via activation of various vitagenes and other protective molecules to maintain redox homeostasis in cells/tissues. It was shown that Nrf2 is closely related to another transcription factor, namely, NF-κB, responsible for control of inflammation; however, its roles in poultry have not yet been characterized. Therefore, the aim of this review is to describe a current view on NF-κB functioning in poultry with a specific emphasis to its nutritional modulation under various stress conditions. In particular, on the one hand, it has been shown that, in many stress conditions in poultry, NF-κB activation can lead to increased synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines leading to systemic inflammation. On the other hand, there are a range of nutrients/supplements that can downregulate NF-κB and decrease the negative consequences of stress-related disturbances in redox homeostasis. In general, vitagene-NF-κB interactions in relation to redox balance homeostasis, immunity, and gut health in poultry production await further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter F. Surai
- Department of Biochemistry, Vitagene and Health Research Centre, Bristol BS4 2RS, UK
- Department of Hygiene and Poultry Sciences, Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology named after K. I. Skryabin, 109472 Moscow, Russia;
- Department of Biochemistry and Physiology, Saint-Petersburg State Academy of Veterinary Medicine, 196084 St. Petersburg, Russia
- Department of Microbiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, 6000 Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Szent Istvan University, H-2103 Gödöllo, Hungary
| | - Ivan I. Kochish
- Department of Hygiene and Poultry Sciences, Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology named after K. I. Skryabin, 109472 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Michael T. Kidd
- Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA;
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20
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Sedum sarmentosum Total Flavonoids Alleviate Schistosomiasis-Induced Liver Fibrosis by Altering TGF- β1 and Smad7 Expression. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:2083697. [PMID: 33293986 PMCID: PMC7714578 DOI: 10.1155/2020/2083697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease that affects over 142 million people worldwide. The main causes of death of schistosomiasis include liver granuloma and secondary hepatic cirrhosis resulting from severe fibrosis. Despite intensive research, controlling liver fibrosis associated with schistosomiasis remains challenging. Sedum sarmentosum total flavonoid (SSTF) is a promising agent to reduce liver fibrosis with an unknown mechanism. Thus, the objectives of this study are to validate its effect on the liver fibrosis caused by schistosomiasis and to explore the underlying molecular mechanism. Methods Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups: one group of normal control and five groups of liver fibrosis induced by schistosomiasis japonica with or without SSTF or colchicine treatment, the latter serving as the positive control. Liver tissues from each animal were harvested to observe the degree and grade of hepatic fibrosis. We also measured the expression of transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1) and Smad7 using RT-qPCR, Western blot, and immunohistochemistry. Results Compared with the untreated model group, groups treated with SSTF at all three tested doses had significantly reduced hepatic fibrosis (P < 0.05). Each dose of SSTF also significantly reduced TGF-β1 protein expression and mRNA levels in the liver tissues (P < 0.05). In contrast, the middle and high doses of SSTF significantly increased Smad7 protein expression and mRNA levels (P < 0.05). Immunohistochemistry showed that each dose of SSTF reduced TGF-β1 protein expression (P < 0.05). Conclusion Our results demonstrated that SSTF alleviated schistosomiasis japonica-induced hepatic fibrosis by inhibiting the TGF-β1/Smad7 pathway.
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21
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Huang JL, Fan RZ, Zou YH, Zhang L, Yin S, Tang GH. Salviplenoid A from Salvia plebeia attenuates acute lung inflammation via modulating NF-κB and Nrf2 signaling pathways. Phytother Res 2020; 35:1559-1571. [PMID: 33098234 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) involves series of inflammatory pathologies and cause high morbidity. Salviplenoid A (SA) was a new sesquiterpenoid from the traditional inflammatory herb Salvia plebeia. In our previous study, SA exhibited antiinflammatory activity in RAW264.7 cells. However, the extensive effects of SA in human cells and in vivo and the active mechanisms are unclear. Thus, in this study, we sought to access its effects in vitro and in vivo and to investigate its mechanisms. SA was proved to inhibit the induction of proinflammatory cytokines in human cell types, including pulmonary epithelial cells and endothetial cells. It also depressed monocyte adhesion. Moreover, SA potently attenuated the acute lung inflammation in the LPS-induced mouse model shown by down-regulation of proinflammatory mediators, inhibition of polymorphonuclear neutrophil infiltration, and alleviation of related symptoms like alveolar congestion and mucus secretion. Further evaluation confirmed that SA regulated NF-κB pathway by inhibiting the IκB-α phosphorylation. And it markedly mediated Nrf2/HO-1 pathway by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 expression and promoting Nrf2 nuclear translocation. Therefore, SA could attenuate acute lung inflammation via suppressing NF-κB and activating Nrf2, which provide a theoretical basis for the potential application of SA in clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Luo Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Run-Zhu Fan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi-Hong Zou
- Urumuqi Administration for Market Regulation, Urumqi, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sheng Yin
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Gui-Hua Tang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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22
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Shi Y, Lam SM, Liu H, Luo G, Zhang J, Yao S, Li J, Zheng L, Xu N, Zhang X, Shui G. Comprehensive lipidomics in apoM -/- mice reveals an overall state of metabolic distress and attenuated hepatic lipid secretion into the circulation. J Genet Genomics 2020; 47:523-534. [PMID: 33309167 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2020.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Apolipoprotein M (apoM) participates in both high-density lipoprotein and cholesterol metabolism. Little is known about how apoM affects lipid composition of the liver and serum. In this study, we systemically investigated the effects of apoM on liver and plasma lipidomes and how apoM participates in lipid cycling, via apoM knockout in mice and the human SMMC-7721 cell line. We used integrated mass spectrometry-based lipidomics approaches to semiquantify more than 600 lipid species from various lipid classes, which include free fatty acids, glycerolipids, phospholipids, sphingolipids, glycosphingolipids, cholesterol, and cholesteryl esters (CEs), in apoM-/- mouse. Hepatic accumulation of neutral lipids, including CEs, triacylglycerols, and diacylglycerols, was observed in apoM-/- mice; while serum lipidomic analyses showed that, in contrast to the liver, the overall levels of CEs and saturated/monounsaturated fatty acids were markedly diminished. Furthermore, the level of ApoB-100 was dramatically increased in the liver, whereas significant reductions in both ApoB-100 and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol were observed in the serum of apoM-/- mice, which indicated attenuated hepatic LDL secretion into the circulation. Lipid profiles and proinflammatory cytokine levels indicated that apoM-/- leads to hepatic steatosis and an overall state of metabolic distress. Taken together, these results revealed that apoM knockout leads to hepatic steatosis, impaired lipid secretion, and an overall state of metabolic distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanping Shi
- Department of Comprehensive Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213003, China
| | - Sin Man Lam
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213003, China
| | - Guanghua Luo
- Department of Comprehensive Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213003, China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Comprehensive Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213003, China
| | - Shuang Yao
- Department of Comprehensive Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213003, China
| | - Jie Li
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Lu Zheng
- Department of Comprehensive Laboratory, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213003, China
| | - Ning Xu
- Section of Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Lunds University, Klinikgatan 19, S-22185, Lund, Sweden
| | - Xiaoying Zhang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, 213003, China.
| | - Guanghou Shui
- Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
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23
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Hao L, Liu MW, Gu ST, Huang X, Deng H, Wang X. Sedum sarmentosum Bunge extract ameliorates lipopolysaccharide- and D-galactosamine-induced acute liver injury by attenuating the hedgehog signaling pathway via regulation of miR-124 expression. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:88. [PMID: 32178661 PMCID: PMC7076998 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-2873-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sedum sarmentosum is traditionally used to treat various inflammatory diseases in China. It has protective effects against acute liver injury, but the exact mechanism of such effects remains unclear. This study investigated the protective effects of S. sarmentosum extract on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)/D-galactosamine (D-GalN)-induced acute liver injury in mice and the mechanism of such effects. Methods Mice were randomly divided into control, treatment, model, and model treatment groups. Acute liver injury was induced in model mice via intraperitoneal injection of LPS and D-GalN with doses of 10 μg/kg of LPS and 500 mg/kg, respectively. The mRNA expression levels of miR-124, Hedgehog, Patched (Ptch), Smoothened (Smo), and glioma-associated oncogene homolog (Gli) in liver tissues were determined through RT-PCR, and the protein levels of Hedgehog, Ptch, Smo, Gli, P13k, Akt, HMGB1, TLR4, IkB-α, p-IkB-α, and NF-kB65 were evaluated via Western blot analysis. The serum levels of IL-6, TNF-α, CRP, IL-12, and ICAM-1 were determined via ELISA. TLR4 and NF-κBp65 activity and the levels of DNA-bound NF-KB65 and TLR4 in LPS/D-GalN-induced liver tissues were also determined. We recorded the time of death, plotted the survival curve, and calculated the liver index. We then observed the pathological changes in liver tissue and detected the levels of liver enzymes (alanine aminotransferase [ALT] and aspartate transaminase [AST]) in the serum and myeloperoxidase (MPO) and plasma inflammatory factors in the liver homogenate. Afterward, we evaluated the protective effects of S. sarmentosum extracts on acute liver injury in mice. Results Results showed that after S. sarmentosum extract was administered, the expression level of miR-124 increased in liver tissues. However, the protein expression levels of Hedgehog, Ptch, Smo, Gli, P13k, p-Akt, HMGB1, TLR4, p-IκB-α, and NF-κB65 and the mRNA expression levels of Hedgehog, Ptch, Smo, and Gli decreased. The MPO level in the liver, the IL-6, TNF-α, CRP, IL-12, and MMP-9 levels in the plasma, and the serum ALT and AST levels also decreased, thereby reducing LPS/D-GalN-induced liver injury and improving the survival rate of liver-damaged animals within 24 h. Conclusions S. sarmentosum extract can alleviate LPS/D-GalN-induced acute liver injury in mice and improve the survival rate of mice. The mechanism may be related to the increase in miR-124 expression, decrease in Hedgehog and HMGB1 signaling pathway activities, and reduction in inflammatory responses in the liver. Hedgehog is a regulatory target for miR-124.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Hao
- Department of Emergency, Yan'an Hospital of Kunming City, Panlong District, 245 Renmin East Road, Kunming, 650051, China
| | - Ming-Wei Liu
- Department of Emergency, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, 295 Xichang Road, Wu Hua District, Kunming, 650032, China
| | - Song-Tao Gu
- Department of Emergency, Yan'an Hospital of Kunming City, Panlong District, 245 Renmin East Road, Kunming, 650051, China
| | - Xue Huang
- Department of Emergency, Yan'an Hospital of Kunming City, Panlong District, 245 Renmin East Road, Kunming, 650051, China
| | - Hong Deng
- Department of Emergency, Yan'an Hospital of Kunming City, Panlong District, 245 Renmin East Road, Kunming, 650051, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Emergency, Yan'an Hospital of Kunming City, Panlong District, 245 Renmin East Road, Kunming, 650051, China.
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Wang R, Dong Z, Zhang X, Mao J, Meng F, Lan X, Liao Z, Chen M. Evaluation of the Liver Toxicity of Pterocephalus hookeri Extract via Triggering Necrosis. Toxins (Basel) 2019; 11:toxins11030142. [PMID: 30832306 PMCID: PMC6468695 DOI: 10.3390/toxins11030142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pterocephalus hookeri (C. B. Clarke) Höeck, recorded in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2015 version) as a Tibetan medicine for the treatment of various diseases, especially rheumatoid arthritis, was believed to possess a slight toxicity. However, hardly any research has been carried out about it. The present study aimed to evaluate the toxicity in vivo and in vitro. Toxicity was observed by the evaluation of mice weight loss and histopathological changes in the liver. Then, the comparison research between ethyl acetate extract (EAE) and n-butanol extract (BUE) suggested that liver toxicity was mainly induced by BUE. The mechanical study suggested that BUE-induced liver toxicity was closely associated with necrosis detected by MTT and propidium iodide (PI) staining, via releasing lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), reducing the fluidity, and increasing the permeability of the cell membrane. Western blot analysis confirmed that the necrosis occurred molecularly by the up-regulation of receptor-interacting protein kinase 1 (RIP1) and receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 (RIP3), as well as the activation of the nuclear factor-kappa-gene binding (NF-κB) signaling pathway in vivo and in vitro. This finding indicated that the liver toxicity induced by BUE from P. hookeri was mainly caused by necrosis, which provides an important theoretical support for further evaluation of the safety of this folk medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Zhaoyue Dong
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Xiaolong Zhang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Jingxin Mao
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Fancheng Meng
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Xiaozhong Lan
- TAAHC-SWU Medicinal Plant R&D Center, XiZang Agriculture and Animal Husbandry College, Nyingchi, Tibet 860000, China.
| | - Zhihua Liao
- School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Min Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Key Laboratory of Luminescent and Real-Time Analytical Chemistry (Southwest University), Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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