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Bailly C. Pharmacological properties of extracts and prenylated isoflavonoids from the fruits of Osage orange (Maclura pomifera (Raf.) C.K.Schneid.). Fitoterapia 2024; 177:106112. [PMID: 38971332 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2024.106112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Osage orange trees (Maclura pomifera (Raf.) C.K.Schneid.) are distributed worldwide, particularly in south-east states of the USA. They produce large quantities of strong yellow fruits, bigger than oranges, but these fruits are inedible, with an acid milky juice which is little consumed by birds and insects. Extracts prepared from Osage orange fruits (hedge apple) have revealed a range of pharmacological properties of interest in human and veterinary medicine. In addition, Osage orange extracts can be used in agriculture and aquaculture, and as dyeing agent for the textile industry. Extracts contain potent antioxidant compounds, notably the isoflavonoids pomiferin and auriculasin, together with other terpenoids and flavonoids. The structural characteristics and pharmacological properties of the major prenylated isoflavones isolated from M. pomifera are discussed here, with a focus on the two phenolic compounds osajin and warangalone, and the two catechol analogues pomiferin and auriculasin. The mechanisms at the origin of their potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects are presented, notably inhibition of xanthine oxidase, phosphodiesterase 5A and kinases such as RKS2 and kRAS. Osajin and auriculasin display marked anticancer properties, owing to their ability to inhibit tumor cell proliferation, migration and tumor angiogenesis. Different molecular mechanisms are discussed, including osajin‑copper complexation and binding to quadruplex DNA. An overview of the mechanism of action of the prenylated isoflavones from Osage orange is presented, with the objective to promote their knowledge and to raise opportunities to better exploit the fruits of Osage orange, abundant but largely neglected at present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Bailly
- CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277-CANTHER-Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, OncoLille Institut, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France; Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry Albert Lespagnol (ICPAL), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lille, F-59006 Lille, France; OncoWitan, Scientific Consulting Office, F-59290 Lille, France.
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Badawy AM, Eltamany EE, Hussien RM, Mohamed OG, El-Ayouty MM, Nafie MS, Tripathi A, Ahmed SA. Cornulacin: a new isoflavone from Cornulaca monacantha and its isolation, structure elucidation and cytotoxicity through EGFR-mediated apoptosis. RSC Med Chem 2024:d4md00524d. [PMID: 39185453 PMCID: PMC11342161 DOI: 10.1039/d4md00524d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 08/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Chemical investigation of the methanolic extract of Cornulaca monacantha (Amaranthaceae), an annual wild herb collected from North Sinai, Egypt, yielded a new isoflavone cornulacin 1 and five known compounds: N-trans-feruloyltyramine 2, N-trans-feruloyl-3'-methoxytyramine 3, N-trans-caffeoyl tyramine 4, Cannabisin F 5 and (2aS, 3aS) lyciumamide D 6. Using MTT assay, the isolated compounds were evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxicity against pancreatic (Panc1) and ovarian (A2780) cancer cell lines. Compounds 1, 2, 3, and 4 exhibited promising cytotoxic activity against the tested cells, among which compound 1 (IC50 of 2.1 ± 0.21 μM) was the most active one against A2780 cells, whereas compound 2 (IC50 of 3.4 ± 0.11 μM) was the most effective compound against Panc1 cells. Accordingly, compound 1 was further investigated for its apoptotic induction in A2780 cancer cells using Annexin V/PI staining. Compound 1 significantly stimulated apoptotic ovarian A2780 cancer cells by 45.9-fold and arrested cell proliferation in the S-phase. Such activity was mediated through the upregulation of proapoptotic genes Bax; P53; and caspase 3, 8, and 9 besides the downregulation of the Bcl-2 gene, the anti-apoptotic one. Furthermore, molecular docking investigation demonstrated the strong binding affinity of compound 1 with EGFR active sites, which validated its experimental EGFR enzyme inhibition activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Badawy
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University - Arish Branch Arish 45511 Egypt
| | - Enas E Eltamany
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University Ismailia 41522 Egypt
| | - Rodina M Hussien
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University - Arish Branch Arish 45511 Egypt
| | - Osama G Mohamed
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University Kasr el Aini St. Cairo 11562 Egypt
- Natural Products Discovery Core, Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
| | - Mayada M El-Ayouty
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sinai University - Arish Branch Arish 45511 Egypt
| | - Mohamed S Nafie
- Department of Chemistry, College of Sciences, University of Sharjah P. O. Box 27272 Sharjah United Arab Emirates
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University Ismailia 41522 Egypt
| | - Ashootosh Tripathi
- Natural Products Discovery Core, Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan Ann Arbor MI 48109 USA
| | - Safwat A Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suez Canal University Ismailia 41522 Egypt
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Li Y, Fan F, Liu Q. Cytisine-N-methylene-(5,7,4 '-trihydroxy)- isoflavone ameliorates ischemic stroke-induced brain injury in mouse by regulating the oxidative stress and BDNF-Trkb/Akt pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 974:176512. [PMID: 38493912 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A novel compound Cytisine-N-methylene-(5,7,4'-trihydroxy)- isoflavone (LY01) found in the Sophora alopecuroides L is a neuroprotective agent. However, the effect and potential mechanism of LY01 treatment for ischemic stroke (IS) have not been fully elucidated. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study is to demonstrate whether LY01 can rescue ischemic stroke-induced brain injury and oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R). RESULTS Our results show that intragastric administration of LY01 improves ischemic stroke behaviors in mice, as demonstrated by neurological score, infarct volume, cerebral water content, rotarod test for activity. Compared with the model group, the ginkgo biloba extract (EGb) and LY01 reversed the neurological score, infarct volume, cerebral water content, rotarod test in model mice. Further analysis showed that the LY01 rescued oxidative stress in the model mice, which was reflected in the increased levels of catalase, superoxide dismutase, total antioxidant capacity and decreased levels of malondialdehyde in the serum of the model mice. Moreover, the expression of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), phosphorylated protein kinase B (p-Akt), Bax, Bcl-2, (p)-tropomysin related kinase B (p-Trkb) was restored and the expression of Bax, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in the brains of the model mice was inhibited through LY01 treatment. In the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) data, after giving LY01, the expression in the brains of model mice was that, IL-10 increased and IL-1β, Bax, Bcl-2 decreased. Furthermore, the results indicated that LY01 improved cell viability, reactive oxygen species content, and mitochondrial membrane potential dissipation induced by OGD/R in primary culture of rat cortical neurons. Bax and caspase-3 activity was upregulated compared to the before after treatment with LY01. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that LY01 reversed ischemic stroke by reducing oxidative stress and activating the BDNF-TrkB/Akt pathway and exerted a neuroprotective action against OGD/R injury via attenuation, a novel approach was suggested to treat ischemic stroke. Our observations justify the traditional use of LY01 for a treatment of IS in nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongbiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Center on Translational Neuroscience, Minzu University of China, 100081, Beijing, China
| | - Fangcheng Fan
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Center on Translational Neuroscience, Minzu University of China, 100081, Beijing, China
| | - Qingshan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, Center on Translational Neuroscience, Minzu University of China, 100081, Beijing, China.
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de Lima CA, Maquedano LK, Jaalouk LS, dos Santos DC, Longato GB. Biflavonoids: Preliminary Reports on Their Role in Prostate and Breast Cancer Therapy. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:874. [PMID: 39065725 PMCID: PMC11279920 DOI: 10.3390/ph17070874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Dimeric flavonoids, also called biflavonoids, are bioactive compounds that exhibit various activities described in the literature, including antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antioxidant, vasorelaxant, and anticancer properties. This work focuses on the anticancer action of naturally occurring dimeric flavonoids against prostate and breast cancer, as well as on the mechanisms of action involved in their activity and presents the most current information on this subject in the literature. In the present review, we summarize the latest findings on the antiproliferative activity of 33 dimeric flavonoid-based compounds selected from recently published studies. The tests conducted were in silico and in vitro and demonstrated the cytotoxic activity potential of biflavonoids against prostate and breast tumor cells. Biflavonoids were capable of interfering with the migration and replication of cancer cells and their mechanism of action is related to cell death pathways, especially apoptosis, necrosis, and ferroptosis. These compounds decreased mitochondrial membrane potential and significantly increased intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Additionally, they significantly upregulated the expression of p21, Bax, and cleaved caspase-3, while downregulating Bcl-2 and caspase-3 levels, indicating their cell death mechanism of action is through the Bcl-2/Bax/cleaved caspase-3 pathway and cell cycle arrest. The biflavonoids here related have shown promising anticancer activity and are considered potential drug candidates for prostate and breast cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Giovanna Barbarini Longato
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Bioactive Compounds, São Francisco University, 218 São Francisco Avenue, Bragança Paulista 12916-900, SP, Brazil; (C.A.d.L.); (L.K.M.); (L.S.J.); (D.C.d.S.)
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Pasdaran A, Grice ID, Hamedi A. A review of natural products and small-molecule therapeutics acting on central nervous system malignancies: Approaches for drug development, targeting pathways, clinical trials, and challenges. Drug Dev Res 2024; 85:e22180. [PMID: 38680103 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.22180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
In 2021, the World Health Organization released the fifth edition of the central nervous system (CNS) tumor classification. This classification uses histopathology and molecular pathogenesis to group tumors into more biologically and molecularly defined entities. The prognosis of brain cancer, particularly malignant tumors, has remained poor worldwide, approximately 308,102 new cases of brain and other CNS tumors were diagnosed in the year 2020, with an estimated 251,329 deaths. The cost and time-consuming nature of studies to find new anticancer agents makes it necessary to have well-designed studies. In the present study, the pathways that can be targeted for drug development are discussed in detail. Some of the important cellular origins, signaling, and pathways involved in the efficacy of bioactive molecules against CNS tumorigenesis or progression, as well as prognosis and common approaches for treatment of different types of brain tumors, are reviewed. Moreover, different study tools, including cell lines, in vitro, in vivo, and clinical trial challenges, are discussed. In addition, in this article, natural products as one of the most important sources for finding new chemotherapeutics were reviewed and over 700 reported molecules with efficacy against CNS cancer cells are gathered and classified according to their structure. Based on the clinical trials that have been registered, very few of these natural or semi-synthetic derivatives have been studied in humans. The review can help researchers understand the involved mechanisms and design new goal-oriented studies for drug development against CNS malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ardalan Pasdaran
- Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Irwin Darren Grice
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Southport, Queensland, Australia
- School of Medical Science, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Southport, Queensland, Australia
| | - Azadeh Hamedi
- Medicinal Plants Processing Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Wang R, Ma R, Feng K, Lu H, Zhao W, Jin H. Total Synthesis and Anti-Inflammatory Evaluation of Osajin, Scandenone and Analogues. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2024; 17:86. [PMID: 38256918 PMCID: PMC10819276 DOI: 10.3390/ph17010086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
In this study, the total synthesis of osajin, scandenone and their analogues have been accomplished. The key synthetic steps include aldol/intramolecular iodoetherification/elimination sequence reactions and a Suzuki coupling reaction to assemble the tricyclic core, chemoselective propargylation and Claisen rearrangement reactions to obtain natural compounds. In addition, we also designed and synthesized twenty-five natural product analogues. All synthetic compounds were screened for anti-inflammatory activity against tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. Collectively, Compound 39e and 39d were considered as promising lead compounds for further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research and KLMDASR of Tianjin, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; (R.W.); (R.M.); (K.F.); (H.L.)
| | - Ran Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research and KLMDASR of Tianjin, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; (R.W.); (R.M.); (K.F.); (H.L.)
- Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Ke Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research and KLMDASR of Tianjin, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; (R.W.); (R.M.); (K.F.); (H.L.)
| | - Hongchen Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research and KLMDASR of Tianjin, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; (R.W.); (R.M.); (K.F.); (H.L.)
- Tianjin International Joint Academy of Biomedicine, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Wei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research and KLMDASR of Tianjin, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; (R.W.); (R.M.); (K.F.); (H.L.)
| | - Hongzhen Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemical Biology, Key Laboratory of Molecular Drug Research and KLMDASR of Tianjin, College of Pharmacy, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China; (R.W.); (R.M.); (K.F.); (H.L.)
- School of Health and Life Sciences, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
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Youmbi LM, Makong YSD, Mbaveng AT, Tankeo SB, Fotso GW, Ndjakou BL, Wansi JD, Beng VP, Sewald N, Ngadjui BT, Efferth T, Kuete V. Cytotoxicity of the methanol extracts and compounds of Brucea antidysenterica (Simaroubaceae) towards multifactorial drug-resistant human cancer cell lines. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:48. [PMID: 36793009 PMCID: PMC9930359 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-03877-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer remains a global health concern and constitutes an important barrier to increasing life expectancy. Malignant cells rapidly develop drug resistance leading to many clinical therapeutic failures. The importance of medicinal plants as an alternative to classical drug discovery to fight cancer is well known. Brucea antidysenterica is an African medicinal plant traditionally used to treat cancer, dysentery, malaria, diarrhea, stomach aches, helminthic infections, fever, and asthma. The present work was designed to identify the cytotoxic constituents of Brucea antidysenterica on a broad range of cancer cell lines and to demonstrate the mode of induction of apoptosis of the most active samples. METHODS Seven phytochemicals were isolated from the leaves (BAL) and stem (BAS) extract of Brucea antidysenterica by column chromatography and structurally elucidated using spectroscopic techniques. The antiproliferative effects of the crude extracts and compounds against 9 human cancer cell lines were evaluated by the resazurin reduction assay (RRA). The activity in cell lines was assessed by the Caspase-Glo assay. The cell cycle distribution, apoptosis via propidium iodide (PI) staining, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) through 5,5',6,6'-tetrachloro-1,1',3,3'-tetraethylbenzimidazolylcarbocyanine iodide (JC-1) staining, and the reactive oxygen species (ROS) via 2´,7´-dichlorodihydrofluoresceine diacetate (H2DCFH-DA) staining, were investigated by flow cytometry. RESULTS Phytochemical studies of the botanicals (BAL and BAS) led to the isolation of seven compounds. BAL and its constituents 3, (3-(3-Methyl-1-oxo-2-butenyl))1H indole (1) and hydnocarpin (2), as well as the reference compound, doxorubicin, had antiproliferative activity against 9 cancer cell lines. The IC50 values varied from 17.42 µg/mL (against CCRF-CEM leukemia cells) to 38.70 µg/mL (against HCT116 p53-/- colon adenocarcinoma cells) for BAL, from 19.11 µM (against CCRF-CEM cells) to 47.50 µM (against MDA-MB-231-BCRP adenocarcinoma cells) for compound 1, and from 4.07 µM (against MDA-MB-231-pcDNA cells) to 11.44 µM (against HCT116 p53+/+ cells) for compound 2. Interestingly, hypersensitivity of resistant cancer cells to compound 2 was also observed. BAL and hydnocarpin induced apoptosis in CCRF-CEM cells mediated by caspase activation, the alteration of MMP, and increased ROS levels. CONCLUSION BAL and its constituents, mostly compound 2, are potential antiproliferative products from Brucea antidysenterica. Other studies will be necessary in the perspective of the discovery of new antiproliferative agents to fight against resistance to anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laetitia M. Youmbi
- grid.8201.b0000 0001 0657 2358Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon ,grid.412661.60000 0001 2173 8504Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Yves S. D. Makong
- grid.413096.90000 0001 2107 607XDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Armelle T. Mbaveng
- grid.8201.b0000 0001 0657 2358Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon ,grid.5802.f0000 0001 1941 7111Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Simplice B. Tankeo
- grid.8201.b0000 0001 0657 2358Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon ,grid.5802.f0000 0001 1941 7111Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Ghislain W. Fotso
- grid.412661.60000 0001 2173 8504Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Bruno L. Ndjakou
- grid.412661.60000 0001 2173 8504Department of Chemistry, Higher Teacher Training College, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaounde, Cameroon
| | - Jean D. Wansi
- grid.413096.90000 0001 2107 607XDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon
| | - Veronique P. Beng
- grid.412661.60000 0001 2173 8504Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Norbert Sewald
- grid.7491.b0000 0001 0944 9128Organic and Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Bielefeld University, 33501 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Bonaventure T. Ngadjui
- grid.412661.60000 0001 2173 8504Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Victor Kuete
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon. .,Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
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Cytotoxicity, acute and sub-chronic toxicities of the fruit extract of Tetrapleura tetraptera (Schumm. & Thonn.) Taub. (Fabaceae). BMC Complement Med Ther 2022; 22:178. [PMID: 35787267 PMCID: PMC9252075 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-022-03659-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tetrapleura tetraptera is a medicinal spice traditionally used to treat cancer, diabetes, and several other ailments. This study analyzed the cytotoxicity of the dichloromethane methanol extract of T. tetraptera fruits (TTF) and its constituents. The toxicity profile of the TTF extract was also evaluated in rats. Methods The Cytotoxicity of this extract was evaluated using the resazurin reduction assay (RRA). Acute and sub-chronic toxicity studies were performed according to the protocol described by the Organisation for Economic Cooperation, and Development (OECD). Hematological, serum, and urine biochemical parameters, as well as histological sections of the liver and kidney, were also evaluated based on standard methods. Results The TTF extract, compound 5, and the reference drug doxorubicin were active in all 9 tested cancer cell lines. The recorded IC50 ranged from 18.32 μM (against B16-F1 murine melanoma cells) to 36.18 μM (against SKMel-505 BRAF wildtype melanoma cells) for TTF, from 10.02 μM (towards MaMel-80a BRAF-V600E homozygous mutant melanoma cells) to 31.73 μM (against SKMel-28 BRAF-V600E homozygous mutant melanoma cells) for compound 5, and from 0.22 μM (against B16-F1 cells) to 9.39 μM (against SKMel-505 cells) for doxorubicin. The study of acute toxicity test showed that the lethal dose (LD50) of this extract was greater than 5000 mg/kg body weight. In the sub-chronic toxicity studies, variations were observed in some biochemical parameters, especially at higher doses. Conclusion TTF and its most active compound (5) are found to be potential cytotoxic agents, meanwhile, TTF was safe when given a single oral dose of 5000 mg/kg. However, caution is necessary in case of prolonged oral administration due to potential alterations of renal function at high doses (> 1000 mg/kg). Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12906-022-03659-1.
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Antiproliferative Activity of Two Unusual Dimeric Flavonoids, Brachydin E and Brachydin F, Isolated from Fridericia platyphylla (Cham.) L.G.Lohmann: In Vitro and Molecular Docking Evaluation. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 2022:3319203. [PMID: 35187163 PMCID: PMC8856817 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3319203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Despite the breakthrough in the development of anticancer therapies, plant-derived chemotherapeutics continue to be the basis of treatment for most types of cancers. Fridericia platyphylla is a shrub found in Brazilian cerrado biome which has cytotoxic, anti-inflammatory, and analgesic properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the antiproliferative potential of the crude hydroethanolic extract, subfraction (containing 59.3% of unusual dimeric flavonoids Brachydin E and 40.7% Brachydin F), as well as Brachydin E and Brachydin F isolated from F. platyphylla roots. The cytotoxic activity was evaluated in glioblastoma, lung, prostate, and colorectal human tumor cell lines. The crude hydroethanolic extract did not present cytotoxic activity, but its subfraction presented lower IC50 values for glioblastoma (U-251) and prostate adenocarcinoma (PC-3) cell lines. Brachydins E and F significantly reduced cell viability, proliferation, and clonogenic potential of PC-3, inducing them to the process of regulated cell death. In silico studies have indicated nuclear receptors as targets for Brachydins E and F, and molecular docking has pointed out their binding into glucocorticoid receptor (GR) ligand pocket. Targeting GR pathway has been described as a therapeutic strategy, especially for prostate cancer. These results suggest that Brachydin E and Brachydin F are promising compounds to be further explored for their antitumor effects.
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Fofana S, Ouédraogo M, Esposito RC, Ouedraogo WP, Delporte C, Van Antwerpen P, Mathieu V, Guissou IP. Systematic Review of Potential Anticancerous Activities of Erythrina senegalensis DC (Fabaceae). PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 11:plants11010019. [PMID: 35009024 PMCID: PMC8747466 DOI: 10.3390/plants11010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 12/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this study was to carry out a systematic review of the substances isolated from the African medicinal plant Erythrina senegalensis, focusing on compounds harboring activities against cancer models detailed in depth herein at both in vitro and in vivo preclinical levels. The review was conducted through Pubmed and Google Scholar. Nineteen out of the forty-two secondary metabolites isolated to date from E. senegalensis displayed interesting in vitro and/or in vivo antitumor activities. They belonged to alkaloid (Erysodine), triterpenes (Erythrodiol, maniladiol, oleanolic acid), prenylated isoflavonoids (senegalensin, erysenegalensein E, erysenegalensein M, alpinumisoflavone, derrone, warangalone), flavonoids (erythrisenegalone, senegalensein, lupinifolin, carpachromene) and pterocarpans (erybraedine A, erybraedine C, phaseollin). Among the isoflavonoids called "erysenegalensein", only erysenealenseins E and M have been tested for their anticancerous properties and turned out to be cytotoxic. Although the stem bark is the most frequently used part of the plant, all pterocarpans were isolated from roots and all alkaloids from seeds. The mechanisms of action of its metabolites include apoptosis, pyroptosis, autophagy and mitophagy via the modulation of cytoplasmic proteins, miRNA and enzymes involved in critical pathways deregulated in cancer. Alpinumisoflavone and oleanolic acid were studied in a broad spectrum of cancer models both in vitro and in preclinical models in vivo with promising results. Other metabolites, including carpachromen, phaseollin, erybraedin A, erysenegalensein M and maniladiol need to be further investigated, as they display potent in vitro effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souleymane Fofana
- Laboratory of Drug Science, Higher Institute of Health Sciences (INSSA), Nazi BONI University, Bobo-Dioulasso P.O. Box 1091, Burkina Faso;
| | - Moussa Ouédraogo
- Laboratory of Drug Development (LADME), Training and Research Unit, Health Sciences, Joseph KI-ZERBO University, Ouagadougou P.O. Box 7021, Burkina Faso; (M.O.); (W.P.O.)
| | - Rafaèle Calvo Esposito
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium;
- Protein Chemistry Unit, Department of General Chemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Windbedema Prisca Ouedraogo
- Laboratory of Drug Development (LADME), Training and Research Unit, Health Sciences, Joseph KI-ZERBO University, Ouagadougou P.O. Box 7021, Burkina Faso; (M.O.); (W.P.O.)
| | - Cédric Delporte
- RD3-Pharmacognosy, Bioanalysis and Drug Discovery Unit and Analytical Platform, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universite’ Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (C.D.); (P.V.A.)
| | - Pierre Van Antwerpen
- RD3-Pharmacognosy, Bioanalysis and Drug Discovery Unit and Analytical Platform, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universite’ Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium; (C.D.); (P.V.A.)
| | - Véronique Mathieu
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Brussels, Belgium;
- ULB Cancer Research Center, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium
- Correspondence: (V.M.); (I.P.G.); Tel.: +32-478-31-73-88 (V.M.)
| | - Innocent Pierre Guissou
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Saint Thomas d’Aquin University, Ouagadougou P.O. Box 10212, Burkina Faso
- Correspondence: (V.M.); (I.P.G.); Tel.: +32-478-31-73-88 (V.M.)
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Repurposing of the ALK Inhibitor Crizotinib for Acute Leukemia and Multiple Myeloma Cells. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14111126. [PMID: 34832908 PMCID: PMC8617756 DOI: 10.3390/ph14111126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Crizotinib was a first generation of ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitor approved for the treatment of ALK-positive non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) patients. COMPARE and cluster analyses of transcriptomic data of the NCI cell line panel indicated that genes with different cellular functions regulated the sensitivity or resistance of cancer cells to crizotinib. Transcription factor binding motif analyses in gene promoters divulged two transcription factors possibly regulating the expression of these genes, i.e., RXRA and GATA1, which are important for leukemia and erythroid development, respectively. COMPARE analyses also implied that cell lines of various cancer types displayed varying degrees of sensitivity to crizotinib. Unexpectedly, leukemia but not lung cancer cells were the most sensitive cells among the different types of NCI cancer cell lines. Re-examining this result in another panel of cell lines indeed revealed that crizotinib exhibited potent cytotoxicity towards acute myeloid leukemia and multiple myeloma cells. P-glycoprotein-overexpressing CEM/ADR5000 leukemia cells were cross-resistant to crizotinib. NCI-H929 multiple myeloma cells were the most sensitive cells. Hence, we evaluated the mode of action of crizotinib on these cells. Although crizotinib is a TKI, it showed highest correlation rates with DNA topoisomerase II inhibitors and tubulin inhibitors. The altered gene expression profiles after crizotinib treatment predicted several networks, where TOP2A and genes related to cell cycle were downregulated. Cell cycle analyses showed that cells incubated with crizotinib for 24 h accumulated in the G2M phase. Crizotinib also increased the number of p-H3(Ser10)-positive NCI-H929 cells illustrating crizotinib's ability to prevent mitotic exit. However, cells accumulated in the sub-G0G1 fraction with longer incubation periods, indicating apoptosis induction. Additionally, crizotinib disassembled the tubulin network of U2OS cells expressing an α-tubulin-GFP fusion protein, preventing migration of cancer cells. This result was verified by in vitro tubulin polymerization assays. In silico molecular docking also revealed a strong binding affinity of crizotinib to the colchicine and Vinca alkaloid binding sites. Taken together, these results demonstrate that crizotinib destabilized microtubules. Additionally, the decatenation assay showed that crizotinib partwise inhibited the catalytic activity of DNA topoisomerase II. In conclusion, crizotinib exerted kinase-independent cytotoxic effects through the dual inhibition of tubulin polymerization and topoisomerase II and might be used to treat not only NSCLC but also multiple myeloma.
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12
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He X, Yang F, Huang X. Proceedings of Chemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmacokinetics and Synthesis of Biflavonoids. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26196088. [PMID: 34641631 PMCID: PMC8512048 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26196088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Biflavonoids, composed of two monoflavonoid residues, occur naturally in angiosperms, bryophytes, ferns, and gymnosperms. More than 592 biflavonoids have been structurally elucidated, and they can be classified into two groups of C-C and C-linear fragments-C, based on whether the linker between the two residues contains an atom. As the linker can be established on two arbitrary rings from different residues, the C-C type contains various subtypes, as does the C-linear fragment-C type. Biflavonoids have a wide range of pharmacological activities, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial, antiviral, antidiabetic, antitumor, and cytotoxic properties, and they can be applied in Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. This review mainly summarizes the distribution and chemistry of biflavonoids; additionally, their bioactivities, pharmacokinetics, and synthesis are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinqian He
- Artemisinin Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, China; (X.H.); (F.Y.)
| | - Fan Yang
- Artemisinin Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, China; (X.H.); (F.Y.)
| | - Xin’an Huang
- Artemisinin Research Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, China; (X.H.); (F.Y.)
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou 510000, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-020-36585450
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13
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Mbaveng AT, Wamba BEN, Bitchagno GTM, Tankeo SB, Çelik İ, Atontsa BCK, Nkuété Lonfouo AH, Kuete V, Efferth T. Bioactivity of fractions and constituents of Piper capense fruits towards a broad panel of cancer cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 271:113884. [PMID: 33529639 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.113884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Piper capense is a medicinal spice whose fruits are traditionally used as aqueous decoction to heal several ailments such as trypanosomiasis, helminthic infections, and cancer. AIM OF THE STUDY (1) To perform phytochemical investigation of the methanol extract of Piper capense; (2) to evaluate the cytotoxicity of botanicals (PCF, fractions PCFa-e), isolated phytochemicals on a broad panel of animal and human cancer cell lines; (3) to evaluate the induction of apoptosis of the most active samples. MATERIAL AND METHODS Resazurin reduction assay (RRA) was used to determine the cytotoxicity of the studied samples. Cell cycle distribution (PI staining), apoptosis (annexin V/PI staining), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP; JC-1) and reactive oxygen species (ROS; H2DCFH-DA) were measured by flow cytometry. Column chromatography (CC) was used for the purification of PCF, whilst nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic and mass spectrometric (MS) analyses were applied for structural elucidation. RESULTS The phytochemical investigation of PCF led to the isolation of 11 compounds: licarin B (1), licarin A (2), 7-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-7,8-dihydro-8-methyl-5-(2-propenyl)-furo[3,2-e]-1,3-benzodioxole (3), nitidine isocyanate (4), 5-hydroxy-7,4'-dimethoxyflavone (5), cardamomin (6), sitosterol (7) and stigmasterol (8), β-sitosterol 3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (9), oleanolic acid (10) and lupeol (11). Fraction PCFb, compound 2 and doxorubicin (as positive control drug) revealed cytotoxic effects towards the 18 tested cancer cell lines. The IC50 values ranged from 6.1 μg/mL (against CCRF-CEM cells) to 44.2 μg/mL (against BRAF-V600E homozygous mutant melanoma cells) for PSCb; from 4.3 μM (against CCRF-CEM cells) to 21.8 μM (against HCT116 p53-/-) for compound 2 and from 0.02 μM (against CCRF-CEM cells) to 123.0 μM (against CEM/ADR5000 cells) for doxorubicin. PCFb and compound 2 induced apoptosis in CCRF-CEM cells mediated by activation of caspase 3/7, 8 and 9, MMP alteration and increased ROS production. CONCLUSION Piper capense is a source of potent cytotoxic botanicals and phytochemicals that could help to fight various types of cancer including multidrug resistance phenotypes. PCFb and compound 2 should further be explored to develop new drugs to fight malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armelle T Mbaveng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128, Mainz, Germany; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon.
| | - Brice E N Wamba
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon.
| | - Gabin T M Bitchagno
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon.
| | - Simplice Beaudelaire Tankeo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128, Mainz, Germany; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon.
| | - İlhami Çelik
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Eskişehir Technical University, 26470, Eskişehir, Turkey.
| | - Brice C K Atontsa
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon.
| | | | - Victor Kuete
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128, Mainz, Germany; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon.
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
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Menezes JCJMDS, Diederich MF. Bioactivity of natural biflavonoids in metabolism-related disease and cancer therapies. Pharmacol Res 2021; 167:105525. [PMID: 33667686 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2021.105525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Natural biflavonoids, such as amentoflavone, bilobetin, ginkgetin, isoginkgetin, taiwaniaflavone, morelloflavone, delicaflavone, hinokiflavone, and other derivatives (~ 40 biflavonoids), are isolated from Selaginella sp., Ginkgo biloba, Garcinia sp., and several other species of plants. They are able to exert therapeutic benefits by regulating several proteins/enzymes (PPAR-γ, CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α [C/EBPα], STAT5, pancreatic lipase, PTP1B, fatty acid synthase, α-glucosidase [AG]) and insulin signaling pathways (via PI3K-AKT), which are linked to metabolism, cell growth, and cell survival mechanisms. Deregulated insulin signaling can cause complications of obesity and diabetes, which can lead to cognitive disorders such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and dementia; therefore, the therapeutic benefits of these biflavones in these areas are highlighted. Since biflavonoids have shown potential to regulate metabolism, growth- and survival-related protein/enzymes, their relation to tumor growth and metastasis of cancer associated with angiogenesis are highlighted. The translational role of biflavones in cancer with respect to the inhibition of metabolism-related processes/pathways, enzymes, or proteins, such as STAT3/SHP-1/PTEN, kinesins, tissue kallikreins, aromatase, estrogen, protein modifiers, antioxidant, autophagy, and apoptosis induction mechanisms, are discussed. Finally, considering their observed bioactivity potential, oral bioavailability studies of biflavones and related clinical trials are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- José C J M D S Menezes
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki International University, 2825-7 Huis Ten Bosch, Sasebo, Nagasaki 859-3298, Japan
| | - Marc F Diederich
- Department of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seoul 08826, South Korea.
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15
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Mbaveng AT, Chi GF, Bonsou IN, Ombito JO, Yeboah SO, Kuete V, Efferth T. Cytotoxic phytochemicals from the crude extract of Tetrapleura tetraptera fruits towards multi-factorial drug resistant cancer cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 267:113632. [PMID: 33253828 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Tetrapleura tetraptera is an African medicinal spice used in traditional medicine to treat several ailments including cancer. AIM OF THE STUDY The present study was designed to evaluate the cytotoxicity of the dichloromethane-methanol (1:1) extract of the fruits of Tetrapleura tetraptera (TTF) and its constituents: (3R, 4S)-3,4-dimethyloxetan-2-one (1), luteolin (2), stigmasterol (4), 3-O-[6'-O-undecanoyl-β-D-glucopyranosyl]stigmasterol (6), olean-12-en-3-β-O-D-glucopyranoside (7), 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 6)-β-D-glucopyranosylurs-12-en-28-oic acid (8), 3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1 → 3)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-27-hydroxyolean-12-ene-28-oic acid (9), methyl-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (10), β-D-fructofuranosyl-(2 → 1)-β-D-glucopyranoside (11) towards a panel of cancer cell lines including MDR phenotypes. The cellular mode of induction of apoptosis by TTF and compound 7 was further investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS The resazurin reduction assay (RRA) was applied to determine the cytotoxicity of the studied samples. The cell cycle (PI staining), apoptosis (annexin V/PI staining), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP; JC-1) and reactive oxygen species (ROS; H2DCFH-DA) were measured by flow cytometry. Column chromatography was used for the purification of TTF, whilst nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic analysis was applied for structural elucidation. RESULTS The botanical, TTF and the phytochemicals, 2, 7, 8 and 9 as well as doxorubicin exerted cytotoxicity against 9 cancer cell lines including drug-sensitive and drug resistant phenotypes. TTF, compound 7 and doxorubicin were the most active samples, and displayed IC50 values ranging from 10.27 μg/mL (in CCRF-CEM leukemia cells) to 23.61 μg/mL (against HCT116 p53-/- colon adenocarcinoma cells) for TTF, from 4.76 μM (against CCRF-CEM cells) to 12.92 μM (against HepG2 hepatocarcinoma cells) for compound 7, and from 0.02 μM (against CCRF-CEM cells) to 122.96 μM (against CEM/ADR5000 cells) for doxorubicin. TTF induced apoptosis in CCRF-CEM cells through MMP alteration and increased ROS production while compound 7 induced apoptosis mediated by caspases activation, MMP alteration and increased ROS production. CONCLUSION Tetrapleura tetraptera and some of its constituents, mostly compound 7 are good cytotoxic natural products that should be explored in depth to develop new drugs to fight cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armelle T Mbaveng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128, Mainz, Germany; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon.
| | - Godloves F Chi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon.
| | - Idrios N Bonsou
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon.
| | - Japheth O Ombito
- Department of Chemistry, University of Botswana, Private Bag 0022, Gaborone, Botswana.
| | - Samuel O Yeboah
- Department of Chemistry, University of Botswana, Private Bag 0022, Gaborone, Botswana.
| | - Victor Kuete
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128, Mainz, Germany; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon.
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
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16
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Mbaveng AT, Noulala CGT, Samba ARM, Tankeo SB, Fotso GW, Happi EN, Ngadjui BT, Beng VP, Kuete V, Efferth T. Cytotoxicity of botanicals and isolated phytochemicals from Araliopsis soyauxii Engl. (Rutaceae) towards a panel of human cancer cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 267:113535. [PMID: 33166626 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Araliopsis soyauxii Engl. (Rutaceae) is a Cameroonian medicinal plant traditionally used to treat lung diseases, malaria, and gonorrhea. It has been demonstrated that infectious disease contribute to about 20% of all human tumours. AIMS OF THE STUDY (1) To perform a phytochemical investigation of the dichloromethane-methanol 1:1 extracts of the bark (ASB), roots (ASR), and leaves (ASL) from Araliopsis soyauxii; (2) to evaluate the cytotoxicity of extracts and isolated compounds; (3) to determine the mode of induction of apoptosis of ASB and kihadanin B (12). MATERIALS AND METHODS Fourteen constituents of the crude extracts were isolated by column chromatography, while spectroscopic techniques were used for structural elucidation. The resazurin reduction assay (RRA) was applied to determine the cytotoxicity of samples towards a panel of 9 cancer cell lines. For caspases activity, the Caspase-Glo assay was used; flow cytometry was applied to investigate the cell cycle distribution (PI staining), apoptosis (annexin V/PI staining), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP; JC-1 staining), and the reactive oxygen species (ROS; H2DCFH-DA staining). RESULTS Phytochemical investigations of botanicals (ASB, ASR, and ASL) led to the isolation of 14 compounds. Extract ASB, obacunone (11), kihadanin B (12) as well as doxorubicin (control drug) revealed cytotoxicity towards the 9 cancer cell lines tested. The IC50 values ranged from 11.11 μg/mL (against CCRF-CEM leukemia cells) to 28.18 μg/mL (against HCT116 p53+/+ colon adenocarcinoma cells) for ASB; from 28.25 μM (against MDA-MB-231-pcDNA breast adenocarcinoma cells) to 65.13 μM (against HepG2 hepatocarcinoma cells) for compound 11, and from 5.77 μM (against CCRF-CEM cells) to 43.56 μM (against U87.MGΔEGFR glioblastoma cells) for compound 12. ASB and compound 12 induced apoptosis in CCRF-CEM cells. ASB induced the apoptotic process mediated by MMP alteration and enhanced ROS production, while compound 12 induced apoptosis by caspases activation, MMP alteration, and enhanced ROS production. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that Araliopsis soyauxii is a potential source of cytotoxic phytochemicals such as kihadanin B and that ASB and compound 12. Extract and compounds will be explored further to develop anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armelle T Mbaveng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128, Mainz, Germany; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon.
| | - Cédric G T Noulala
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Anne R M Samba
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon; Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Simplice B Tankeo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128, Mainz, Germany; Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Ghislain W Fotso
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Emmanuel N Happi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon.
| | - Bonaventure T Ngadjui
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Veronique P Beng
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon.
| | - Victor Kuete
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128, Mainz, Germany; Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé 1, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
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Kalenga T, Ndoile MM, Atilaw Y, Gilissen PJ, Munissi JJE, Rudenko A, Bourgard C, Sunnerhagen P, Nyandoro SS, Erdelyi M. Biflavanones, Chalconoids, and Flavonoid Analogues from the Stem Bark of Ochna holstii. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2021; 84:364-372. [PMID: 33511842 PMCID: PMC7923207 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c01017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Two new biflavanones (1 and 2), three new bichalconoids (3-5), and 11 known flavonoid analogues (6-16) were isolated from the stem bark extract (CH3OH-CH2Cl2, 7:3, v/v) of Ochna holstii. The structures of the isolated metabolites were elucidated by NMR spectroscopic and mass spectrometric analyses. The crude extract and the isolated metabolites were evaluated for antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis (Gram-positive) and Escherichia coli (Gram-negative) as well as for cytotoxicity against the MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line. The crude extract and holstiinone A (1) exhibited moderate antibacterial activity against B. subtilis with MIC values of 9.1 μg/mL and 14 μM, respectively. The crude extract and lophirone F (14) showed cytotoxicity against MCF-7 with EC50 values of 11 μg/mL and 24 μM, respectively. The other isolated metabolites showed no significant antibacterial activities (MIC > 250 μM) and cytotoxicities (EC50 ≥ 350 μM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Thobias
M. Kalenga
- Chemistry
Department, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Dar es Salaam, P.O. Box 35061, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Monica M. Ndoile
- Chemistry
Department, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Dar es Salaam, P.O. Box 35061, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Yoseph Atilaw
- Department
of Chemistry − BMC, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Pieter J. Gilissen
- Institute
for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Joan J. E. Munissi
- Chemistry
Department, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Dar es Salaam, P.O. Box 35061, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Anastasia Rudenko
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Centre
for Antibiotic Resistance Research (CARe) at the University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Catarina Bourgard
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Centre
for Antibiotic Resistance Research (CARe) at the University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Per Sunnerhagen
- Department
of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University
of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Centre
for Antibiotic Resistance Research (CARe) at the University of Gothenburg, 405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stephen S. Nyandoro
- Chemistry
Department, College of Natural and Applied Sciences, University of Dar es Salaam, P.O. Box 35061, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Mate Erdelyi
- Department
of Chemistry − BMC, Uppsala University, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
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Xie Y, Zhou X, Li J, Yao XC, Liu WL, Kang FH, Zou ZX, Xu KP, Xu PS, Tan GS. Identification of a new natural biflavonoids against breast cancer cells induced ferroptosis via the mitochondrial pathway. Bioorg Chem 2021; 109:104744. [PMID: 33639365 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the major malignant tumors in females, and currently, recurrence and metastasis are the main obstacles preventing effective breast cancer treatment. Biflavonoids of secondary metabolites from plants are excellent anticancer agents to fight sensitive and resistant breast cancer cell lines. In this study, six C-3'-C-6″ biflavonoids, including one new robustaflavone A (1, RF-A) and five known robustaflavone derivatives (2-6), were isolated from Selaginella trichoclada for the first time. We aimed to evaluate the inhibitory effects of compounds 1-6 against human breast cancer MCF-7 cells. Among the six compounds, RF-A showed the strongest activity, decreasing cell viability with an IC50 value of 11.89 μΜ. Furthermore, RF-A strikingly induced MCF-7 nonapoptotic cell death through ferroptosis by enhancing the expression of VDAC2 channels and reducing the expression of Nedd4 E3 ubiquitin ligase, leading to lipid peroxidation and ROS production. The results suggested that RF-A has potential as a novel breast cancer treatment through its regulation of the mitochondrial VDAC2 and Nedd4 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Xie
- Phase I Clinical Trial Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China
| | - Xi Zhou
- School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, PR China
| | - Jing Li
- Phase I Clinical Trial Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China
| | - Xiao-Chang Yao
- Phase I Clinical Trial Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China
| | - Wan-Li Liu
- Phase I Clinical Trial Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China
| | - Feng-Hua Kang
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, PR China
| | - Zhen-Xing Zou
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, PR China
| | - Kang-Ping Xu
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha 410013, PR China
| | - Ping-Sheng Xu
- Phase I Clinical Trial Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China.
| | - Gui-Shan Tan
- Phase I Clinical Trial Center, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, PR China.
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Adham AN, Naqishbandi AM, Efferth T. Cytotoxicity and apoptosis induction by Fumaria officinalis extracts in leukemia and multiple myeloma cell lines. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 266:113458. [PMID: 33039632 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Fumaria officinalis (Fumariaceae) is recorded in the Kurdish ethnobotany for various health problems. AIM OF THE STUDY In this study, the cytotoxic activity of F. officinalis extracts on two leukemia and nine multiple myeloma (MM) cell lines was investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS The cytotoxic and ferroptotic activity were examined by resazurin reduction assay. Flow cytometry, immunoblotting assay and fluorescence microscopy were used to measure cell cycle distribution, apoptosis, induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS), loss integrity of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and autophagy. LC-ESI/MS was used to identify chemical constituents present in F. officinalis. RESULTS Chloroform (CF) and ethyl acetate (EF) fractions showed drastic cytotoxic effect on CCRF-CEM and CEM/ADR 5000 cells. NCI-H929 cell line exhibited higher sensitivity against CF, while EF demonstrated its higher cytotoxicity on OPM-2 cells with IC50 value 14.80 ± 1.70 and 28.13 ± 1.38 μg/mL respectively. Flow cytometric and morphological studies confirmed that CF and EF induced apoptosis in NCI-H929 cells by loss of MMP, generation of ROS and obvious morphological variations. In DNA histograms, up to 50% of the cells were accumulated by CF and 44% by EF in the sub-G0/G1 phase following 72 h treatment. EF induced autophagic cell death, while CF stimulated iron-dependent cell death. Moreover, two isoquinoline alkaloids and four flavonoids were identified in the active fractions. CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this is the first report demonstrating the cytotoxicity of F. officinalis extracts in MM cell lines. CF and EF fractions inhibited MM cell proliferation through various modes of actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aveen N Adham
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq; Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128, Mainz, Germany
| | - Alaadin M Naqishbandi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq.
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128, Mainz, Germany
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Hartini Y, Saputra B, Wahono B, Auw Z, Indayani F, Adelya L, Namba G, Hariono M. Biflavonoid as potential 3-chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro) inhibitor of SARS-Coronavirus. RESULTS IN CHEMISTRY 2021; 3:100087. [PMID: 33520632 PMCID: PMC7832947 DOI: 10.1016/j.rechem.2020.100087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
3CL protease is one of the key proteins expressed by SARS-Coronavirus-2 cell, the potential to be targeted in the discovery of antivirus during this COVID-19 pandemic. This protein regulates the proteolysis of viral polypeptide essential in forming RNA virus. 3CL protease (3CLpro) was commonly targeted in the previous SARS-Coronavirus including bat and MERS, hence, by blocking this protein activity, the coronavirus should be eradicated. This study aims to review the potency of biflavonoid as the SARS-Coronavirus-2 3CLpro inhibitor. The review was initiated by describing the chemical structure of biflavonoid and followed by listing its natural source. Instead, the synthetic pathway of biflavonoid was also elaborated. The 3CLpro structure and its function were also illustrated followed by the list of its 3D-crystal structure available in a protein data bank. Lastly, the pharmacophores of biflavonoid have been identified as a protease inhibitor, was also discussed. This review hopefully will help researchers to obtain packed information about biflavonoid which could lead to the study in designing and discovering a novel SARS-Coronavirus-2 drug by targetting the 3CLpro enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yustina Hartini
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Sanata Dharma University, Campus III, Paingan, Maguwoharjo, Depok, Sleman 55282, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Bakti Saputra
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Sanata Dharma University, Campus III, Paingan, Maguwoharjo, Depok, Sleman 55282, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Bryan Wahono
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Sanata Dharma University, Campus III, Paingan, Maguwoharjo, Depok, Sleman 55282, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Zerlinda Auw
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Sanata Dharma University, Campus III, Paingan, Maguwoharjo, Depok, Sleman 55282, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Friska Indayani
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Sanata Dharma University, Campus III, Paingan, Maguwoharjo, Depok, Sleman 55282, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Lintang Adelya
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Sanata Dharma University, Campus III, Paingan, Maguwoharjo, Depok, Sleman 55282, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Gabriel Namba
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Sanata Dharma University, Campus III, Paingan, Maguwoharjo, Depok, Sleman 55282, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Maywan Hariono
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Sanata Dharma University, Campus III, Paingan, Maguwoharjo, Depok, Sleman 55282, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
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Mbaveng AT, Noulala CGT, Samba ARM, Tankeo SB, Abdelfatah S, Fotso GW, Happi EN, Ngadjui BT, Beng VP, Kuete V, Efferth T. The alkaloid, soyauxinium chloride, displays remarkable cytotoxic effects towards a panel of cancer cells, inducing apoptosis, ferroptosis and necroptosis. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 333:109334. [PMID: 33245930 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The cytotoxic potential of a naturally occurring indoloquinazoline alkaloid, soyauxinium chloride (SCHL), was determined on a broad panel of animal and human cancer cell lines, including various sensitive and drug-resistant phenotypes. The cytotoxicity, SCHL-induced autophagic, ferroptotic, and necroptotic cell death were evaluated by the resazurin reduction assay (RRA). Caspase-Glo assay was used to detect the activity of caspases using spectrophotometric analysis. Flow cytometry was applied for cell cycle analysis (PI staining), apoptosis (annexin V/PI staining), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) (JC-1) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) (H2DCFH-DA). SCHL and doxorubicin (reference molecule) exhibited cytotoxic effects towards the 18 cancer cell lines tested. The IC50 values obtained ranged from 3.64 μM (towards CCRF-CEM leukemia cells) to 16.86 μM (against the BRAF-wildtype SKMel-505 melanoma cells for SCHL). Collateral sensitivity of the resistant HCT116 p53-/- colon adenocarcinoma cells to SCHL was observed as well as the normal sensitivity of CEM/ADR5000 leukemia cells, MDA-MB-231-BCRP breast adenocarcinoma cells and U87. MGΔEGFR glioblastoma cells. SCHL induced apoptosis in CCRF-CEM cells via caspases 3/7-, 8- and 9-activation, MMP alteration and increased ROS production, and otherwise ferroptosis and necroptosis. SCHL is a prominent cytotoxic alkaloid that should be further studied to develop a novel drug to combat cancers including refractory phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armelle T Mbaveng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128, Mainz, Germany; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon.
| | - Cédric G T Noulala
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé 1, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Anne R M Samba
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Simplice B Tankeo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128, Mainz, Germany; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon.
| | - Sara Abdelfatah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
| | - Ghislain W Fotso
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé 1, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Emmanuel N Happi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon.
| | - Bonaventure T Ngadjui
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé 1, P.O. Box 812, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Veronique P Beng
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - Victor Kuete
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128, Mainz, Germany; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon.
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128, Mainz, Germany.
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Botanicals from the leaves of Acacia sieberiana had better cytotoxic effects than isolated phytochemicals towards MDR cancer cells lines. Heliyon 2020; 6:e05412. [PMID: 33163682 PMCID: PMC7609460 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e05412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The efficiency of cancer chemotherapy is seriously hampered by the development of resistance of neoplastic cells to cytotoxic agents. In the present investigation, the cytotoxicity of the dichloromethane-methanol (1:1) extract of Acacia sieberiana (ASL), fractions (ASLa-c) from the leaves and isolated compounds: chrysoeriol-7-O-rutinoside (1), luteolin-7-O-rutinoside (2), chrysoeriol-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), Apigenin-7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (4), luteolin-3',4'-dimethoxylether-7-O-β-D-glucoside (5) and luteolin (6) was investigated. The study was extended to the assessment of the mode of induction of apoptosis by ASL. The resazurin reduction assay (RRA) was used for cytotoxicity studies. Assessments of cell cycle distribution, apoptosis, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) were performed by flow cytometry. A caspase-Glo assay was used to evaluate caspase activities. Botanicals ASL, ASLb and ASLc as well as doxorubicin displayed observable IC50 values towards the nine tested cancer cell lines while ASLa and compounds 1-7 had selective activities. The IC50 values ranged from 13.45 μg/mL (in CCRF-CEM leukemia cells) to 33.20 μg/mL (against MDA-MB-231-BCRP breast adenocarcinoma cells) for ASL, from 16.42 μg/mL (in CCRF-CEM cells) to 29.64 μg/mL (against MDA-MB-231-pcDNA cells) for ASLc, and from 22.94 μg/mL (in MDA-MB-231-BCRP cells) to 40.19 μg/mL (against HCT116 (p53-/-) colon adenocarcinoma cells) for ASLb (Table 1), and from 0.02 μM (against CCRF-CEM cells) to 122.96 μM (against CEM/ADR5000 cells) for doxorubicin. ASL induced apoptosis in CCRF-CEM cells, mediated by ROS production. Acacia sieberiana is a good cytotoxic plant and should be further explored to develop an anticancer phytomedicine to combat both sensitive and drug resistant phenotypes.
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N. Adham A, F. Hegazy ME, Naqishbandi AM, Efferth T. Induction of Apoptosis, Autophagy and Ferroptosis by Thymus vulgaris and Arctium lappa Extract in Leukemia and Multiple Myeloma Cell Lines. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25215016. [PMID: 33138135 PMCID: PMC7663330 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25215016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Thymus vulgaris and Arctium lappa have been used as a folk remedy in the Iraqi Kurdistan region to deal with different health problems. The aim of the current study is to investigate the cytotoxicity of T. vulgaris and A. lappa in leukemia and multiple myeloma (MM) cell lines and determine the mode of cell death triggered by the most potent cytotoxic fractions of both plants in MM. Resazurin assay was used to evaluate cytotoxic and ferroptosis activity, apoptosis, and modulation in the cell cycle phase were investigated via Annexin V-FITC/PI dual stain and cell-cycle arrest assays. Furthermore, we used western blotting assay for the determination of autophagy cell death. n-Hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and butanol fractions of T. vulgaris and A. lappa exhibited cytotoxicity in CCRF-CEM and CEM/ADR 5000 cell lines at concentration range 0.001–100 μg/mL with potential activity revealed by chloroform and ethyl acetate fractions. NCI-H929 displayed pronounced sensitivity towards T. vulgaris (TCF) and A. lappa (ACF) chloroform fractions with IC50 values of 6.49 ± 1.48 and 21.9 ± 0.69 μg/mL, respectively. TCF induced apoptosis in NCI-H929 cells with a higher ratio (71%), compared to ACF (50%) at 4 × IC50. ACF demonstrated more potent autophagy activity than TCF. TCF and ACF induced cell cycle arrest and ferroptosis. Apigenin and nobiletin were identified in TCF, while nobiletin, ursolic acid, and lupeol were the main compounds identified in ACF. T. vulgaris and A. lappa could be considered as potential herbal drug candidates, which arrest cancer cell proliferation by induction of apoptosis, autophagic, and ferroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aveen N. Adham
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil 44001, Kurdistan Region, Iraq;
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany;
| | - Mohamed Elamir F. Hegazy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany;
- Chemistry of Medicinal Plants Department, National Research Centre, 33 El-Bohouth St., Dokki, Giza 12622, Egypt
| | - Alaadin M. Naqishbandi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Hawler Medical University, Erbil 44001, Kurdistan Region, Iraq;
- Correspondence: (A.M.N.); (T.E.); Tel.: +964-75-0448-2788 (A.M.N.); +49-6131-3925751 (T.E.)
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, Johannes Gutenberg University, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany;
- Correspondence: (A.M.N.); (T.E.); Tel.: +964-75-0448-2788 (A.M.N.); +49-6131-3925751 (T.E.)
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Cytotoxic Constituents of the Bark of Hypericum roeperianum towards Multidrug-Resistant Cancer Cells. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2020; 2020:4314807. [PMID: 33062009 PMCID: PMC7532997 DOI: 10.1155/2020/4314807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The global cancer burden remains a serious concern with the alarming incidence of one in eight men and one in eleven women dying in developing countries. This situation is aggravated by the multidrug resistance (MDR) of cancer cells that hampers chemotherapy. In this study, the cytotoxicity of the methanol extract (HRB), fractions (HRBa, HRBb, and HRBa1-5), and compounds from the bark of Hypericum roeperianum (HRB) was evaluated towards a panel of 9 cancer cell lines. The mode of action of the HRB and trichadonic acid (1) was also studied. Column chromatography was applied to isolate the constituents of HRB. The cytotoxicity of botanicals and phytochemicals was evaluated by the resazurin reduction assay (RRA). Caspase-Glo assay was used to evaluate the activity of caspases, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) (H2DCFH-DA) were assessed by flow cytometry. Phytochemicals isolated from HRB were trichadonic acid (1), fridelan-3-one (2), 2-hydroxy-5-methoxyxanthone (3), norathyriol (4), 1,3,5,6-tetrahydroxyxanthone (5), betulinic acid (6), 3′-hydroxymethyl-2′-(4″-hydroxy-3″,5″-dimethoxyphenyl)-5′,6′:5,6-(6,8-dihydroxyxanthone)-1′,4′-dioxane (7), and 3′-hydroxymethyl-2′-(4″-hydroxy-3″,5″-dimethoxyphenyl)-5′,6′:5,6-(xanthone)-1′,4′-dioxane (8). Botanicals HRB, HRBa, HRBa2-4, HRBb, and doxorubicin displayed cytotoxic effects towards the 9 tested cancer cell lines. The recorded IC50 values ranged from 11.43 µg/mL (against the P-glycoprotein (gp)-overexpressing CEM/ADR5000 leukemia cells) to 26.75 µg/mL (against HCT116 (p53+/+) colon adenocarcinoma cells) for the crude extract HRB. Compounds 1, 5, and doxorubicin displayed cytotoxic effects towards the 9 tested cancer cell lines with IC50 values varying from 14.44 µM (against CCRF-CEM leukemia cells) to 44.20 µM (against the resistant HCT116 (p53−/−) cells) for 1 and from 38.46 µM (against CEM/ADR5000 cells) to 112.27 µM (against the resistant HCT116 (p53−/−) cells) for 5. HRB and compound 1 induced apoptosis in CCRF-CEM cells. The apoptotic process was mediated by enhanced ROS production for HRB or via caspases activation and enhanced ROS production for compound 1. This study demonstrated that Hypericum roeperianum is a potential source of cytotoxic phytochemicals such as trichadonic acid and could be further exploited in cancer chemotherapy.
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Cytotoxicity of a naturally occuring spirostanol saponin, progenin III, towards a broad range of cancer cell lines by induction of apoptosis, autophagy and necroptosis. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 326:109141. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Mbaveng AT, Chi GF, Bonsou IN, Abdelfatah S, Tamfu AN, Yeboah EMO, Kuete V, Efferth T. N-acetylglycoside of oleanolic acid (aridanin) displays promising cytotoxicity towards human and animal cancer cells, inducing apoptotic, ferroptotic and necroptotic cell death. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 76:153261. [PMID: 32559584 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The discovery of novel phytochemicals represents a reasonable approach to fight malignancies, especially those which are resistant to standard chemotherapy. PURPOSE We evaluated the cytotoxic potential of a naturally occurring N-acetylglycoside of oleanolic acid, aridanin, on 18 cancer cell lines, including sensitive and drug-resistant phenotypes mediated by P-glycoprotein, BCRP, p53 knockout, deletion-mutated EGFR, or BRAF mutations. Furthermore, metastasizing B16/F10 cells, HepG2 hepatocarcinoma and normal AML12 hepatocytes were investigated. The mechanisms of aridanin-induced cell death was further investigated. METHODS The resazurin reduction assay (RRA) was applied to evaluate the cytotoxicity, autophagy, ferroptotic and necroptotic cell death. CCRF-CEM leukemia cells were used for all mechanistic studies. A caspase-Glo assay was applied to evaluate the caspase activities. Flow cytometry was applied for the analyses of cell cycle (PI staining), apoptosis (annexin V/PI staining), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP; JC-1) and reactive oxygen species (ROS; H2DCFH-DA). RESULTS Aridanin and doxorubicin (positive control) inhibited the proliferation of all cancer cell lines tested. The IC50 values for aridanin varied from 3.18 µM (CCRF-CEM cells) to 9.56 µM (HepG2 cells). Aridanin had considerably lower IC50 values than that of doxorubicin against multidrug-resistant CEM/ADR5000 cells and melanoma cell lines (MaMel-80a, Mel-2a, MV3, and SKMel-505). Aridanin induced apoptosis in CCRF-CEM cells through increase of ROS levels and MMP breakdown, and to a lesser extent via caspases activation. Aridanin also induced ferroptotic and necroptotic cell death. CONCLUSION The present study opens good perpectives for the use of this phytochemical as an anticancer drug to combat multi-facorial resistance to established chemotherapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armelle T Mbaveng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon.
| | - Godloves F Chi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon.
| | - Idrios N Bonsou
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon.
| | - Sara Abdelfatah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
| | - Alfred N Tamfu
- Chemical Engineering and Mineral Industries School, University of Ngaoundere, 454 Ngaoundere Cameroon.
| | - Elisabeth M O Yeboah
- Department of Chemistry, University of Botswana, Private Bag 0022, Gaborone, Botswana.
| | - Victor Kuete
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, Dschang, Cameroon.
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
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Mbaveng AT, Damen F, Guefack MGF, Tankeo SB, Abdelfatah S, Bitchagno GTM, Çelik İ, Kuete V, Efferth T. 8,8-bis-(Dihydroconiferyl)-diferulate displayed impressive cytotoxicity towards a panel of human and animal cancer cells. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2020; 70:153215. [PMID: 32388040 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2020.153215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recalcitrant cancers appear as a major obstacle to chemotherapy, prompting scientists to intensify the search for novel drugs to tackle the cell lines expressing multi-drug resistant (MDR) phenotypes. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antiproliferative potential of a ferrulic acid derivative, 8,8-bis-(dihydroconiferyl)-diferulate (DHCF2) on a panel of 18 cancer cell lines, including various sensitive and drug-resistant phenotypes, belonging to human and animals. The mode of induction of cell death by this compound was further studied. METHODS The antiproliferative activity, autophagy, ferroptotic and necroptotic cell death were evaluated by the resazurin reduction assay (RRA). CCRF-CEM leukemia cells were used for all mechanistic studies. A caspase-Glo assay was applied to evaluate the activity of caspases. Cell cycle analysis (PI staining), apoptosis (annexin V/PI staining), mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) (JC-1) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) (H2DCFH-DA) were assessed by flow cytometry. RESULTS DHCF2 demonstrated impressive cytotoxic effects towards the 18 cancer cell lines tested, with IC50 values all below 6.5 µM. The obtained IC50 values were in the range of 1.17 µM (towards CCRF-CEM leukemia cells) to 6.34 µM (towards drug-resistant HCT116 p53-/- human colon adenocarcinoma cells) for DHCF2 and from 0.02 µM (against CCRF-CEM cells) to 122.96 µM (against multidrug-resistant CEM/ADR5000 leukemia cells) for the reference drug, doxorubicin. DHCF2 had IC50 values lower than those of doxorubicin, against CEM/ADR5000 cells and on some melanoma cell lines, such as MaMel-80a cells, Mel-2a cells, MV3 cells and SKMel-505 cells. DHCF2 induced autophagy as well as apoptosis in CCRF-CEM cells though caspases activation, MMP alteration and increase of ROS production. CONCLUSION The studied diferulic acid, DHCF2, is a promising antiproliferative compound. It deserves further indepth investigations with the ultimate aim to develop a novel drug to fight cancer drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armelle T Mbaveng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Francois Damen
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Michel-Gael F Guefack
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Simplice Beaudelaire Tankeo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Sara Abdelfatah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Gabin T M Bitchagno
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - İlhami Çelik
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Eskisehir Technical University, 26470 Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Victor Kuete
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon.
| | - Thomas Efferth
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Mainz, Staudinger Weg 5, 55128 Mainz, Germany.
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Guo W, Tan HY, Chen F, Wang N, Feng Y. Targeting Cancer Metabolism to Resensitize Chemotherapy: Potential Development of Cancer Chemosensitizers from Traditional Chinese Medicines. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12020404. [PMID: 32050640 PMCID: PMC7072159 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12020404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2019] [Revised: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer is a common and complex disease with high incidence and mortality rates, which causes a severe public health problem worldwide. As one of the standard therapeutic approaches for cancer therapy, the prognosis and outcome of chemotherapy are still far from satisfactory due to the severe side effects and increasingly acquired resistance. The development of novel and effective treatment strategies to overcome chemoresistance is urgent for cancer therapy. Metabolic reprogramming is one of the hallmarks of cancer. Cancer cells could rewire metabolic pathways to facilitate tumorigenesis, tumor progression, and metastasis, as well as chemoresistance. The metabolic reprogramming may serve as a promising therapeutic strategy and rekindle the research enthusiasm for overcoming chemoresistance. This review focuses on emerging mechanisms underlying rewired metabolic pathways for cancer chemoresistance in terms of glucose and energy, lipid, amino acid, and nucleotide metabolisms, as well as other related metabolisms. In particular, we highlight the potential of traditional Chinese medicine as a chemosensitizer for cancer chemotherapy from the metabolic perspective. The perspectives of metabolic targeting to chemoresistance are also discussed. In conclusion, the elucidation of the underlying metabolic reprogramming mechanisms by which cancer cells develop chemoresistance and traditional Chinese medicines resensitize chemotherapy would provide us a new insight into developing promising therapeutics and scientific evidence for clinical use of traditional Chinese medicine as a chemosensitizer for cancer therapy.
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