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Lin X, Lin T, Liu M, Chen D, Chen J. Liensinine diperchlorate and artemisitene synergistically attenuate breast cancer progression through suppressing PI3K-AKT signaling and their efficiency in breast cancer patient-derived organoids. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 176:116871. [PMID: 38861856 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.116871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) is the most prevalent cancer among women around the world. Finding new and efficient drugs has become a crucial aspect of BC treatment. Liensinine diperchlorate (LIN) and artemisitene (ATT) are natural compounds with potential anti-cancer activities extracted from lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn) seeds and Artemisia annua, respectively. However, the synergistic anti-breast cancer effectiveness and mechanism of LIN and ATT remain unknown. This study intended to reveal the biological functions and underlying mechanism of combined LIN and ATT treatment in BC. Herein, we first reported that LIN and ATT synergistically mitigated the proliferation, migration as well as invasion of BC cells. Besides, LIN boosted the stimulatory effect of ATT on reactive oxygen species (ROS)-mediated apoptosis in BC cells. Interestingly, LIN and ATT synergistically attenuated the growth of BC patient-derived organoids. Moreover, LIN augmented the inhibitory efficacy of ATT on BC growth in vivo without obvious side effects. Furthermore, the inactivation of PI3K-AKT pathway and its regulated proteins contributed to the therapeutic role of LIN and ATT treatment in BC. Intriguingly, a prediction model constructed as per RNA sequencing data indicated that the combination of LIN and ATT treatment might ameliorate the prognosis of BC patients. In conclusion, our present investigation demonstrated that LIN and ATT synergistically inhibited BC cell proliferation, migration as well as invasion and enhanced ROS-mediated apoptosis via suppressing the PI3K-AKT signaling, and suggested that combining LIN and ATT treatment might be a promising choice for BC therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Lin
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immunology Diseases, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, China
| | - Tengyu Lin
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immunology Diseases, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, China
| | - Meng Liu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immunology Diseases, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, China
| | - Dong Chen
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, China.
| | - Jian Chen
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Inflammatory and Immunology Diseases, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518036, China.
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Qiu Z, Wei C, Kang L, Zhou L, Lai C, Li X, Yan B, Xu J, Wang S, Huang L. Sensitive quantitation of ultra-trace toxic aconitines in complex matrices by perfusion nano-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry combined with gas-liquid microextraction. Talanta 2024; 269:125402. [PMID: 37979510 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
The accurate analysis of ultra-trace (e.g. <10-4 ng/mL) substances in complex matrices is a burdensome but vital problem in pharmaceutical analysis, with important implications for precise quality control of drugs, discovery of innovative medicines and elucidation of pharmacological mechanisms. Herein, an innovative constant-flow perfusion nano-electrospray ionization (PnESI) technique was developed firstly features significant quantitative advantages in high-sensitivity ambient MS analysis of complex matrix sample. More importantly, double-labeled addition enrichment quantitation strategies of gas-liquid microextraction (GLME) were proposed for the first time, allowing highly selective extraction and enrichment of specific target analytes in a green and ultra-efficient (>1000-fold) manner. Using complex processed Aconitum herbs as example, PnESI-MS directly enabled the qualitative and absolute quantitative analysis of the processed Aconitum extracts and characterized the target toxic diester alkaloids with high sensitivity, high stability, wide linearity range, and strong resistance to matrix interference. Further, GLME device was applied to obtain the highly specific enrichment of the target diester alkaloids more than 1000-fold, and accurate absolute quantitation of trace aconitine, mesaconitine, and hypaconitine in the extracts of Heishunpian, Zhichuanwu and Zhicaowu was accomplished (e.g., 0.098 pg/mL and 0.143 pg/mL), with the quantitation results well below the LODs of aconitines from any analytical instruments available. This study built a systematic strategy for accurate quantitation of ultra-trace substances in complex matrix sample and expected to provide a technological revolution in many fields of pharmaceutical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zidong Qiu
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
| | - Chaofa Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Liping Kang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Li Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Changjiangsheng Lai
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Xiang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Binbin Yan
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Jiaquan Xu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry, Biology and Material Sciences, East China Institute of Technology, Nanchang, 330013, China
| | - Shuanglong Wang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory for Mass Spectrometry and Instrumentation, College of Chemistry, Biology and Material Sciences, East China Institute of Technology, Nanchang, 330013, China.
| | - Luqi Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Ensurance and Sustainable Use of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
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Zhang YN, Zhu GH, Liu W, Xiong Y, Hu Q, Zhuang XY, Jia GH, Zhang WD, Ge GB. Discovery and characterization of the covalent SARS-CoV-2 3CL pro inhibitors from Ginkgo biloba extract via integrating chemoproteomic and biochemical approaches. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 114:154796. [PMID: 37037086 PMCID: PMC10052880 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The 3C-like proteases (3CLpros) are cysteine-rich homodimeric proteins and can be covalently modified by numerous natural and synthetic compounds, which in turn, block the proteolytic activity or the formation of enzymatically active dimeric forms. Although herbal medicines have been widely used to treat COVID-19, identification of the key herbal constituents that can covalently modify the 3CLpros in β-coronaviruses (CoVs) remains a big challenge. AIMS To construct a comprehensive approach for efficient discovering the covalent SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro inhibitors from herbal medicines. To decipher the key anti-SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro constituents in Ginkgo biloba extract 50 (GBE50) and to study their anti-SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro mechanisms. METHODS SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro inhibition assay including time-dependent inhibition assays and inactivation kinetic analyses were conducted using a fluorescence-based biochemical assay. The constituents in GBE50 were analyzed by UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap HRMS. The peptides modified by herbal constituents were characterized by using nanoLC-MS/MS. RESULTS Following testing the anti-SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro effects of 104 herbal medicines, it was found that Ginkgo biloba extract 50 (GBE50) potently inhibited SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro in dose- and time-dependent manners. A total of 38 constituents were identified from GBE50 by UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap HRMS, while 26 peptides modified by 18 constituents were identified by chemoproteomic profiling. The anti-SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro effects of 18 identified covalent inhibitors were then validated by performing time-dependent inhibition assays. The results clearly demonstrated that most tested constituents showed time-dependent inhibition on SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro, while gallocatechin and sciadopitysin displayed the most potent anti-SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro effects. CONCLUSION Collectively, GBE50 and some constituents in this herbal product could strongly inhibit SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro in dose- and time-dependent manner. Gallocatechin and sciadopitysin were identified as potent SARS-CoV-2 3CLpro inhibitors, which offers promising lead compounds for the development of novel anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Ni Zhang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Guang-Hao Zhu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuan Xiong
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Qing Hu
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China; Clinical Pharmacy Center, Cancer Center, Department of Pharmacy, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated People's Hospital, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310014, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Zhuang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Gui-Hua Jia
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wei-Dong Zhang
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Guang-Bo Ge
- Institute of Interdisciplinary Integrative Medicine Research, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China.
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UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS/MS-Based Untargeted Metabolomics and Molecular Networking Reveal the Differential Chemical Constituents of the Bulbs and Flowers of Fritillaria thunbergii. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27206944. [PMID: 36296537 PMCID: PMC9609367 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27206944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Both the bulbs and flowers of Fritillaria thunbergii Miq. (BFT and FFT) are widely applied as expectorants and antitussives in traditional Chinese medicine, but few studies have been conducted to compare the chemical compositions of these plant parts. In this study, 50% methanol extracts of BFT and FFT were analyzed via UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS/MS, and the feasibility of using non-targeted UHPLC-HRMS metabolomics and molecular networking to address the authentication of bulb and flower samples was evaluated. Principal component analysis (PCA), Orthogonal Partial Least Squares-Discriminant Analysis (OPLS-DA), and heat map analysis showed there were dissimilar metabolites in BFT and FFT. As a result, 252 and 107 peaks in positive ion mode and negative mode, respectively, were considered to represent significant difference variables between BFT and FFT. Then, MS/MS-based molecular networking of BFT and FFT was constructed to perform an in-depth characterization of the peaks using different variables. A total of 31 alkaloids with significant differences were annotated in this paper, including seven cis-D/E-vevanine without C20-OH and one trans-D/E-cevanine with C20-OH, thirteen trans-D/E-cevanine without C20-OH, five cevanine N-oxide, and five veratramine. Among the 31 alkaloids, eight alkaloids had higher FFT than BFT contents, while all the flavonoids identified in our work had greater FFT than BFT contents. The influence of different ingredients on the pharmacological activities of BFT and FFT should be investigated in future studies.
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He Q, Tan X, Geng S, Du Q, Pei Z, Zhang Y, Wang S, Zhang Y. Network analysis combined with pharmacological evaluation strategy to reveal the mechanism of Tibetan medicine Wuwei Shexiang pills in treating rheumatoid arthritis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:941013. [PMID: 35924046 PMCID: PMC9340267 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.941013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Tibetan medicine is an important part of traditional Chinese medicine and a significant representative of ethnic medicine in China. Tibetan medicine is gradually recognized by the world for its unique curative effects. Wuwei Shexiang pills (WPW) has been widely used to treat “Zhenbu” disease (Also known as rheumatoid arthritis) in Tibetan medicine, however, its potential bioactive ingredients and mechanism for RA treatment remain unclear. In this study, we used a combination of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-fight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS), network analysis and experimental validation to elucidate the potential pharmacodynamic substances and mechanisms of WPW in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The results showed that songoramine, cheilanthifoline, saussureanine C, acoric acid, arjunolic acid, peraksine, ellagic acid, arjungenin and other 11 components may be the main activities of WPW in the treatment of RA. PIK3CA, AKT, MAPK, IL-6, TNF, MMP1, MMP3, and CDK1 are considered as core targets. PI3K-AKT, MAPK, apoptosis, cell cycle, and other signaling pathways may be the key pathways for WPW to play a role in the treatment of RA. Furthermore, we validated the underlying molecular mechanism of WPW predicted by network analysis and demonstrated its possible mechanism through in vivo animal experiments. It was found that WPW could significantly improve the degree of paw swelling, and reduce ankle joint diameter and arthritis index. Further histomorphological analysis showed that WPW could reduce the degree of synovial tissue inflammation and ankle joint cartilage damage. Meanwhile, WPW could down-regulate the levels of IL-6, IL-1β, and IL-17, and increase the levels of IL-10 and IL-4 in the serum of AA rats. TUNEL staining confirmed that WPW could significantly promote the apoptosis of synovial cells. Moreover, the immunohistochemical results showed that WPW decreased the expression of PI3K, AKT, MAPK, MMP1, MMP3, CDK1, and Bcl-2, as well as increased the expression of Bax protein. In conclusion, we successfully combined GC-MS, UPLC-Q-TOF/MS, network analysis, and experimental validation strategies to elucidate the inhibition of inflammation by WPW in AA model rats via PI3K/AKT, MAPK, cell cycle and apoptotic pathways process. This not only provides new evidence for the study of potential pharmacodynamic substances and the mechanism of WPW in the treatment of RA, but also provides ideas for the study of other Tibetan medicine compound preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxiu He
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoyan Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Sang Geng
- Affiliated Hospital of University of Tibetan Medicine, University of Tibetan Medicine, Lasa, China
| | - Qinyun Du
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhaoqing Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yingrui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Shaohui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Yi Zhang, ; Shaohui Wang,
| | - Yi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Ethnic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Yi Zhang, ; Shaohui Wang,
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Echinacoside Induces Mitochondria-Mediated Pyroptosis through Raf/MEK/ERK Signaling in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Cells. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:3351268. [PMID: 35571569 PMCID: PMC9106467 DOI: 10.1155/2022/3351268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Various natural compounds are effective in cancer prevention and treatment with fewer side effects than conventional radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Considering the uncertainty of the antitumor mechanism of Echinacoside (Ech) and the fact that no study on Ech against non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has been explored previously, this study inquired into the anti-NSCLC effect of Ech and explored its potential mechanisms. Methods The IC50 to Ech of the NSCLC cells was calculated based on a series of cell viability assays. Different concentrations of Ech were used to treat the cells; the proliferation activity of the cells was evaluated using EdU staining. Mitochondrial membrane potential was detected by JC-1 staining. Levels of cytokines IL-1β and IL-18 were measured by ELISA. GSH and MDA levels were measured by microplate reader. Expression of cytochrome c, NLRP3, caspase-1, IL-1β, c-Myc, c-Fos, and Raf/MEK/ERK pathway proteins was evaluated by western blot. Meanwhile, we used xenograft, immunohistochemical staining, and H&E staining to evaluate the pharmacological effects of Ech in mice in vivo. Results ECH inhibited the proliferation of NSCLC cells. Ech increased the expression of pyroptosis-related proteins. Besides, Ech perturbed the mitochondrial membrane potential with the release of mitochondrial cytochrome c, accompanied by increased oxidative stress. Ech inhibited the phosphorylation levels of Raf/MEK/ERK signaling pathway and subsequently reduced c-myc and c-fos protein expression. In addition, Ech effectively restrained the growth of tumors in vivo. Conclusions Ech inhibited the Raf/MEK/ERK signaling. Impaired mitochondria activated inflammasome, which in turn led to the pyroptosis of NSCLC cells. These findings can provide some ideas on how to use pyroptosis to treat NSCLC.
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