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Diaz-Rojas F, Matsunaga M, Tanaka Y, Kikusui T, Mogi K, Nagasawa M, Asano K, Abe N, Myowa M. Development of the Paternal Brain in Humans throughout Pregnancy. J Cogn Neurosci 2023; 35:396-420. [PMID: 36603042 DOI: 10.1162/jocn_a_01953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have demonstrated that paternal caregiving behaviors are reliant on neural pathways similar to those supporting maternal care. Interestingly, a greater variability exists in parental phenotypes in men than in women among individuals and mammalian species. However, less is known about when or how such variability emerges in men. We investigated the longitudinal changes in the neural, hormonal, and psychological bases of expression of paternal caregiving in humans throughout pregnancy and the first 4 months of the postnatal period. We measured oxytocin and testosterone, paternity-related psychological traits, and neural response to infant-interaction videos using fMRI in first-time fathers and childless men at three time points (early to mid-pregnancy, late pregnancy, and postnatal). We found that paternal-specific brain activity in prefrontal areas distinctly develops during middle-to-late pregnancy and is enhanced in the postnatal period. In addition, among fathers, the timing of the development of prefrontal brain activity was associated with specific parenting phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yukari Tanaka
- Kansai University, Suita, Japan.,Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Tokyo
| | | | | | | | - Kohei Asano
- Kyoto University, Japan.,Osaka University of Comprehensive Children Education, Japan
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2
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The anxiogenic effects of adolescent psychological stress in male and female mice. Behav Brain Res 2022; 432:113963. [PMID: 35700812 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2022.113963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Adolescence is a period of transition during which there is extensive development of the brain and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. However, the term adolescence is broad and covers a number of important developmental periods ranging from pre-pubescence to sexual maturity. Using a predator stress model, we investigated the effects of chronic psychological stress on anxiety-like, depression-like, and social behaviours in male and female mice during early adolescence, when mice are pre-pubertal, and late adolescence, when mice are sexually mature. All stressed mice showed hyperactivity and increased anxiety-like behaviours. The anxiogenic effects were generally more pronounced in mice exposed to late, rather than early adolescent stress, but were clearly evident when stress was experienced at either timepoint. Risk assessment behaviours were also affected by the stress treatments, but the direction of these changes were sometimes sex- and age-specific. Surprisingly, mice stressed during adolescence showed no depressive-like behaviours as adults. This study provides evidence that adolescent psychological stress has pronounced long-term anxiogenic effects but that the precise behavioural phenotype differs based on sex and the sub-stage of adolescence during which the individual is exposed.
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3
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Habenicht LM, Staley AW, Clancy BM, Bozan S, Manuel CA, Fong DL, Nicklawsky AG, Klug A, Leszczynski JK. Characterization of a Jumping Stereotypy in Gerbils ( Meriones unguiculatus) and Assessment of Opaque Tubing Enrichment on Stereotypies and Breeding. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR LABORATORY ANIMAL SCIENCE : JAALAS 2022; 61:149-158. [PMID: 35140007 PMCID: PMC8956210 DOI: 10.30802/aalas-jaalas-21-000101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Mongolian gerbils can develop stereotypic behaviors, including corner digging. At our institution, gerbils also engage in repetitive corner jumping, which we sought to characterize as a potentially novel stereotypy in gerbils. We then attempted to mitigate this behavior by mimicking the natural habitat by adding intracage environmental complexity. Seventeen gerbil breeding pairs were video recorded in their home cages during the light cycle. Repetitive corner jumping and digging were compared between different times of day to assess when the behaviors occurred and whether they were temporally associated. To determine whether we could reduce the incidence of stereotypic behaviors, we tested a straight tube or 1 of 3 angled opaque tubes in different orientations, which were fitted to the gerbils' preexisting opaque nesting box. Behavior was assessed at baseline and at 1, 4, 8, and 12 wk to evaluate opaque tube placement as an intervention. In addition, breeding efficiency, valuated as the number of gerbil pups born and weaned per breeder pair, was compared with pre- and poststudy data. The number of corner jumps was highest at the end of the light cycle and the majority were associated with corner digging. After placement of the enrichment tubes, an initial increase in corner digging behavior was observed and persisted throughout the study period. The opaque tubes were not associated with significant changes in corner jumping. After adjusting for age, the addition of opaque tubing to gerbil breeding cages was not associated with significant changes in breeding efficiency. The addition of opaque tubing did not effectively address concerns about stereotypic behaviors and was associated with a chronic increase in stereotypic corner digging among breeding gerbil pairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauren M Habenicht
- Office of Laboratory Animal Resources, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Alyse W Staley
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, Biostatistics Core, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Bridget M Clancy
- Animal Resources Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, and
| | - Samantha Bozan
- Office of Laboratory Animal Resources, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Christopher A Manuel
- Office of Laboratory Animal Resources, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Derek L Fong
- Office of Laboratory Animal Resources, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Andrew G Nicklawsky
- University of Colorado Cancer Center, Biostatistics Core, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Achim Klug
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Jori K Leszczynski
- Office of Laboratory Animal Resources, University of Colorado Denver Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
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4
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Diaz-Rojas F, Matsunaga M, Tanaka Y, Kikusui T, Mogi K, Nagasawa M, Asano K, Abe N, Myowa M. Development of the paternal brain in expectant fathers during early pregnancy. Neuroimage 2020; 225:117527. [PMID: 33147508 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Revised: 10/24/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The human parenting brain network mediates caregiving behaviors. When exposed to the stimuli of their infants, compared with non-parents, both fathers and mothers exhibit distinct patterns of neural activation. As human males, relative to females, do not undergo robust physiological changes during pregnancy, when and how the paternal brain networks begin to form remains unclear. Thus, using functional MRI, we examined brain activation in response to infant-interaction videos in two groups, childless males and first-time expectant fathers during their partners' early pregnancy before remarkable changes in their partners' appearances commenced. Multivoxel pattern analysis revealed that expectant fathers' left anterior insula and inferior frontal gyrus showed incipient changes in response to parenthood during early pregnancy. Furthermore, these changes were associated with several paternal traits, such as a negative image toward parenting. Such external factors might influence the paternal brain's development during early pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yukari Tanaka
- Graduate School of Education, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Takefumi Kikusui
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Mogi
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Miho Nagasawa
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Kohei Asano
- Kokoro Research Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan; Osaka University of Comprehensive Children Education, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nobuhito Abe
- Kokoro Research Center, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Masako Myowa
- Graduate School of Education, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan.
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5
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Donovan M, Mackey CS, Platt GN, Rounds J, Brown AN, Trickey DJ, Liu Y, Jones KM, Wang Z. Social isolation alters behavior, the gut-immune-brain axis, and neurochemical circuits in male and female prairie voles. Neurobiol Stress 2020; 13:100278. [PMID: 33344730 PMCID: PMC7739176 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2020.100278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The absence of social support, or social isolation, can be stressful, leading to a suite of physical and psychological health issues. Growing evidence suggests that disruption of the gut-immune-brain axis plays a crucial role in the negative outcomes seen from social isolation stress. However, the mechanisms remain largely unknown. The socially monogamous prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster) has been validated as a useful model for studying negative effects of social isolation on the brain and behaviors, yet how the gut microbiome and central immune system are altered in isolated prairie voles are still unknown. Here, we utilized this social rodent to examine how social isolation stress alters the gut-immune-brain axis and relevant behaviors. Adult male and female prairie voles (n = 48 per sex) experienced social isolation or were cohoused with a same-sex cagemate (control) for six weeks. Thereafter, their social and anxiety-like behaviors, neuronal circuit activation, neurochemical expression, and microgliosis in key brain regions, as well as gut microbiome alterations from the isolation treatment were examined. Social isolation increased anxiety-like behaviors and impaired social affiliation. Isolation also resulted in sex- and brain region-specific alterations in neuronal activation, neurochemical expression, and microgliosis. Further, social isolation resulted in alterations to the gut microbiome that were correlated with key brain and behavioral measures. Our data suggest that social isolation alters the gut-immune-brain axis in a sex-dependent manner and that gut microbes, central glial cells, and neurochemical systems may play a critical, integrative role in mediating negative outcomes from social isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan Donovan
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, 1107 W. Call St., Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
- Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center, 1700 N. Wheeling St., Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Calvin S. Mackey
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, 319 Stadium Dr., Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Grayson N. Platt
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, 1107 W. Call St., Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Jacob Rounds
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, 1107 W. Call St., Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Amber N. Brown
- Department of Biological Science Core Facilities, Florida State University, 319 Stadium Dr., Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Darryl J. Trickey
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, 319 Stadium Dr., Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, 1107 W. Call St., Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Kathryn M. Jones
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, 319 Stadium Dr., Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Zuoxin Wang
- Department of Psychology and Program in Neuroscience, Florida State University, 1107 W. Call St., Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
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Iba H, Watanabe T, Matsuzawa K, Saimiya M, Tanaka M, Nagao M, Moriyama H, Kubota K, Katsurabayashi S, Iwasaki K. Effect of Yokukansan and Yokukansankachimpihange on Aggressive Behavior, 5-HT Receptors and Arginine Vasopressin Expression in Social Isolation-Reared Mice. Biol Pharm Bull 2020; 42:2009-2015. [PMID: 31787717 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b19-00499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The traditional herbal medicines yokukansan (YKS) and yokukansankachimpihange (YKSCH) are prescribed for neurosis, insomnia or night crying and irritability in children. YKSCH comprises YKS and two additional herbs, a chimpi and a hange, and is used to treat digestive function deficiencies. However, the differences between the effects of YKS and YKSCH on brain function are unclear. The present study examined the effects of YKS and YKSCH on aggressive behavior in mice reared under a social isolation (SI) condition. Mice were housed individually for 6 weeks. YKS and YKSCH were administered orally for 2 weeks before aggression tests. SI increased aggressive behavior against naïve mice, and YKS, but not YKSCH, significantly attenuated this aggressive behavior. Because serotonin (5-HT)2A and 5-HT3A receptor antagonists are reported to have anti-aggressive effects, the mRNA levels of these receptors were examined. YKS attenuated the SI-induced increase in 5-HT2A and 5-HT3A receptor mRNA in the amygdala. On the other hand, YKSCH attenuated the SI-induced increase in 5-HT1A receptor mRNA. YKS and YKSCH did not affect 5-HT and its metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid content in the amygdala. However, YKSCH increased the mRNA level of arginine vasopressin (AVP), which is a neuropeptide that has been implicated in aggression, in the amygdala. These results suggest that YKS ameliorates aggressive behavior by decreasing 5-HT2A and 5-HT3A receptor expression. The YKSCH-induced increase in AVP may disrupt the anti-aggressive effect of YKS. YKS may be more effective than YKSCH for treating irritability if digestive function deficiencies are not considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikari Iba
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University
| | - Takuya Watanabe
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University.,A.I.G. Collaborative Research Institute for Aging and Brain Sciences, Fukuoka University
| | - Kanae Matsuzawa
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University
| | - Maki Saimiya
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University
| | - Masako Tanaka
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University
| | - Masaki Nagao
- A.I.G. Collaborative Research Institute for Aging and Brain Sciences, Fukuoka University
| | - Hiroshi Moriyama
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University
| | - Kaori Kubota
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University.,A.I.G. Collaborative Research Institute for Aging and Brain Sciences, Fukuoka University
| | | | - Katsunori Iwasaki
- Department of Neuropharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Fukuoka University.,A.I.G. Collaborative Research Institute for Aging and Brain Sciences, Fukuoka University
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7
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Aggressive behavior and brain neuronal activation in sexually naïve male Mongolian gerbils. Behav Brain Res 2019; 378:112276. [PMID: 31589893 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Aggressive behavior plays an important role in animal's survival and reproductive success. Although there has been growing interests in studying neural mechanisms underlying aggressive behavior using traditional laboratory animal models, little is known about mechanisms controlling naturally occurring aggression in sexually naïve animals. In the present study, we characterized aggressive behavior displayed by sexually naïve male Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus) and examined the subsequent neuronal activation in the brain measured by Fos-immunoreactive (Fos-ir) staining. We found that resident males initiated attacks and showed intense levels of aggression (including chase, bite, offensive sideway, lunge and on-top) towards a conspecific male intruder. Furthermore, attacks from the resident males towards the intruder produced a nonrandom distribution of bites, with the most on the rump, flank, back and tail and few on the limbs, ventrum and head. In contrast, control males that were exposed to a woodblock (control for novelty) never attacked the woodblock and showed higher levels of object/environmental investigation. Male gerbils exposed to an intruder had significantly higher levels of Fos-ir density in the medial (MeA) and anterior cortical (ACo) subnuclei of the amygdala, principal nucleus (BSTpr) and interfascicular nucleus (BSTif) of the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, ventrolateral subdivision of the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMHvl), and paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN), compared to control males. Together, our results indicate that sexually naïve, group housed male gerbils naturally display aggression towards conspecific strangers, and such aggressive behavior is associated with special patterns of neuronal activation in the brain.
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8
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Behavioral patterns of laboratory Mongolian gerbils by sex and housing condition: a case study with an emphasis on sleeping patterns. J Vet Behav 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jveb.2018.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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9
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Liu ZW, Yu Y, Lu C, Jiang N, Wang XP, Xiao SY, Liu XM. Postweaning Isolation Rearing Alters the Adult Social, Sexual Preference and Mating Behaviors of Male CD-1 Mice. Front Behav Neurosci 2019; 13:21. [PMID: 30873013 PMCID: PMC6404373 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective: No study has comprehensively evaluated the effect of postweaning isolation on the social and sexual behaviors of a certain strain of rodents in ethology. The present study aims to explore how and to what extent isolation rearing after postweaning affects the social and sexual behaviors of male CD-1 mice in adulthood systematically. Methods: Male CD-1 mice were randomly assigned to two groups: isolation reared (IS, one mouse per cage, n = 30) and group housed (GH, five mice per cage, n = 15). The mice underwent isolation rearing from postnatal day 23 to day 93. Then, social affiliation, recognition and memory were measured through selection task experiments. Social interaction under a home cage and novel environment were measured via resident–intruder and social interaction test, respectively. Furthermore, sexual preference, homosexual and heterosexual behaviors were measured. Results: Our study found that postweaning isolation increased the social affiliation for conspecifics (p = 0.001), reduced social recognition (p = 0.042) and impaired social memory. As for social interaction, isolated mice showed a remarkably increased aggression toward the intruder male in a home cage or novelty environment. For instance, isolated mice presented a short attack latency (p < 0.001), high attack frequency (p < 0.001) and long attack duration (p < 0.001). In addition, isolated mice exhibited further social avoidance. Contrastingly, isolated mice displayed a reduced sexual preference for female (IS: 61.47 ± 13.80%, GH: 70.33 ± 10.06%, p = 0.038). As for heterosexual behavior, isolated mice have a short mating duration (p = 0.002), long mounting latency (p = 0.002), and long intromission latency (p = 0.015). However, no association was observed between postweaning isolation and homosexual behavior in male CD-1 mouse. Conclusion: Postweaning isolation increased the social affiliation, impaired the social cognition and considerably increased the aggression in social interaction of adult male CD-1 mice. Postweaning isolation induced a decreased sexual preference for female in adulthood. Postweaning isolation extended the latency to mate, thereby reducing mating behavior. No association was observed between isolation and homosexual behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Wei Liu
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders and National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, China.,Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yu Yu
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Cong Lu
- Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Jiang
- Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Wang
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders and National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, China
| | - Shui-Yuan Xiao
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health Institute of the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,National Clinical Research Center on Mental Disorders and National Technology Institute on Mental Disorders, Hunan Key Laboratory of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Changsha, China.,Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xin-Min Liu
- Research Center for Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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10
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Li J, Li HX, Shou XJ, Xu XJ, Song TJ, Han SP, Zhang R, Han JS. Effects of chronic restraint stress on social behaviors and the number of hypothalamic oxytocin neurons in male rats. Neuropeptides 2016; 60:21-28. [PMID: 27743608 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2016.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Oxytocin (OXT) and vasopressin (AVP) are considered to be related to mammalian social behavior and the regulation of stress responses. The present study investigated the effects of chronic homotypic restraint stress (CHRS) on social behaviors and anxiety, as well as its repercussions on OXT- and AVP-positive neurons in the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and supraoptic nucleus (SON) nuclei in rat. Male Sprague-Dawley rats receiving CHRS were exposed to repeated restraint stress of 30min per day for 10days. Changes in social approach behaviors were evaluated with the three-chambered social approach task. Changes in anxiety-like behaviors were evaluated in the light-dark box test. The number of neurons expressing oxytocin and/or vasopressin in PVN and SON were examined by immunohistochemistry techniques. The results demonstrated that social approach was increased and anxiety was decreased following 10-day exposure to CHRS. Furthermore, the number of OXT-immunoreactive cells in PVN was increased significantly, whereas no change in SON was seen. The number of AVP immunoreactive cells either in PVN or SON was unaffected. The results of this study suggest that certain types of stress could be effective in the treatment of social dysfunction in persons with mental disorders such as autism, social anxiety disorder. The therapeutic effects may be mediated by changes in the function of OXT neurons in PVN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Li
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Neurobiology, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China; Key Lab for Neuroscience, The Ministry of Education/The Ministry of Health, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Han-Xia Li
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Neurobiology, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China; Key Lab for Neuroscience, The Ministry of Education/The Ministry of Health, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Shou
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Neurobiology, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China; Key Lab for Neuroscience, The Ministry of Education/The Ministry of Health, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xin-Jie Xu
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Neurobiology, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China; Key Lab for Neuroscience, The Ministry of Education/The Ministry of Health, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Tian-Jia Song
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Neurobiology, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China; Key Lab for Neuroscience, The Ministry of Education/The Ministry of Health, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Song-Ping Han
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Neurobiology, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China; Key Lab for Neuroscience, The Ministry of Education/The Ministry of Health, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Neurobiology, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China; Key Lab for Neuroscience, The Ministry of Education/The Ministry of Health, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China.
| | - Ji-Sheng Han
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China; Department of Neurobiology, Peking University Health Science Center, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China; Key Lab for Neuroscience, The Ministry of Education/The Ministry of Health, 38 Xueyuan Road, Beijing 100191, China.
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11
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Sandi C, Haller J. Stress and the social brain: behavioural effects and neurobiological mechanisms. Nat Rev Neurosci 2015; 16:290-304. [PMID: 25891510 DOI: 10.1038/nrn3918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 378] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Stress often affects our social lives. When undergoing high-level or persistent stress, individuals frequently retract from social interactions and become irritable and hostile. Predisposition to antisocial behaviours - including social detachment and violence - is also modulated by early life adversity; however, the effects of early life stress depend on the timing of exposure and genetic factors. Research in animals and humans has revealed some of the structural, functional and molecular changes in the brain that underlie the effects of stress on social behaviour. Findings in this emerging field will have implications both for the clinic and for society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Sandi
- Brain Mind Institute, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne CH-1050, Switzerland
| | - József Haller
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest H-1450, Hungary
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12
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Haller J, Harold G, Sandi C, Neumann ID. Effects of adverse early-life events on aggression and anti-social behaviours in animals and humans. J Neuroendocrinol 2014; 26:724-38. [PMID: 25059307 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 07/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We review the impact of early adversities on the development of violence and antisocial behaviour in humans, and present three aetiological animal models of escalated rodent aggression, each disentangling the consequences of one particular adverse early-life factor. A review of the human data, as well as those obtained with the animal models of repeated maternal separation, post-weaning social isolation and peripubertal stress, clearly shows that adverse developmental conditions strongly affect aggressive behaviour displayed in adulthood, the emotional responses to social challenges and the neuronal mechanisms activated by conflict. Although similarities between models are evident, important differences were also noted, demonstrating that the behavioural, emotional and neuronal consequences of early adversities are to a large extent dependent on aetiological factors. These findings support recent theories on human aggression, which suggest that particular developmental trajectories lead to specific forms of aggressive behaviour and brain dysfunctions. However, dissecting the roles of particular aetiological factors in humans is difficult because these occur in various combinations; in addition, the neuroscientific tools employed in humans still lack the depth of analysis of those used in animal research. We suggest that the analytical approach of the rodent models presented here may be successfully used to complement human findings and to develop integrative models of the complex relationship between early adversity, brain development and aggressive behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Haller
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
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Fontani S, Vaglio S, Beghelli V, Mattioli M, Bacci S, Accorsi PA. Fecal Concentrations of Cortisol, Testosterone, and Progesterone in Cotton-Top Tamarins Housed in Different Zoological Parks: Relationships Among Physiological Data, Environmental Conditions, and Behavioral Patterns. J APPL ANIM WELF SCI 2014; 17:228-52. [DOI: 10.1080/10888705.2014.916173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Pan Y, Li M, Lieberwirth C, Wang Z, Zhang Z. Social defeat and subsequent isolation housing affect behavior as well as cell proliferation and cell survival in the brains of male greater long-tailed hamsters. Neuroscience 2014; 265:226-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.01.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2013] [Revised: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Wu R, Song Z, Tai F, An X, Yu P, Li Y. The effect of alloparental experience and care on anxiety-like, social and parental behaviour in adult mandarin voles. Anim Behav 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2012.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Lieberwirth C, Liu Y, Jia X, Wang Z. Social isolation impairs adult neurogenesis in the limbic system and alters behaviors in female prairie voles. Horm Behav 2012; 62:357-66. [PMID: 22465453 PMCID: PMC3565461 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2012.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2011] [Revised: 03/14/2012] [Accepted: 03/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Disruptions in the social environment, such as social isolation, are distressing and can induce various behavioral and neural changes in the distressed animal. We conducted a series of experiments to test the hypothesis that long-term social isolation affects brain plasticity and alters behavior in the highly social prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster). In Experiment 1, adult female prairie voles were injected with a cell division marker, 5-bromo-2'-deoxyuridine (BrdU), and then same-sex pair-housed (control) or single-housed (isolation) for 6 weeks. Social isolation reduced cell proliferation, survival, and neuronal differentiation and altered cell death in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus and the amygdala. In addition, social isolation reduced cell proliferation in the medial preoptic area and cell survival in the ventromedial hypothalamus. These data suggest that long-term social isolation affects distinct stages of adult neurogenesis in specific limbic brain regions. In Experiment 2, isolated females displayed higher levels of anxiety-like behaviors in both the open field and elevated plus maze tests and higher levels of depression-like behavior in the forced swim test than controls. Further, isolated females showed a higher level of affiliative behavior than controls, but the two groups did not differ in social recognition memory. Together, our data suggest that social isolation not only impairs cell proliferation, survival, and neuronal differentiation in limbic brain areas, but also alters anxiety-like, depression-like, and affiliative behaviors in adult female prairie voles. These data warrant further investigation of a possible link between altered neurogenesis within the limbic system and behavioral changes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Zuoxin Wang
- Corresponding author at: Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306-1270, USA. Fax: +1 850 644 7739. (Z. Wang)
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Webber E, Harmon K, Beckwith T, Peña S, Burgdorf J, Panksepp J, Cromwell H. Selective breeding for 50kHz ultrasonic vocalization emission produces alterations in the ontogeny and regulation of rough-and-tumble play. Behav Brain Res 2012; 229:138-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2012.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2011] [Revised: 11/29/2011] [Accepted: 01/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Gerbils. THE LABORATORY RABBIT, GUINEA PIG, HAMSTER, AND OTHER RODENTS 2012. [PMCID: PMC7158315 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-380920-9.00052-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
The gerbil is usually nonaggressive and is one of the easiest rodents to maintain and handle. Its disposition, curious nature, relative freedom from naturally occurring infectious diseases, and adaptability to its environment have contributed to its popularity as a laboratory animal. Gerbils are found in deserts and semiarid geographical regions of the world. The Mongolian gerbils that are available today originated from 20 pairs of captured animals that were maintained in 1935 in a closed, random-bred colony at the Kitasato Institute in Japan. Gerbils have several unique anatomical and physiological features. Mature gerbils are smaller than rats, but larger than mice. Mongolian gerbils are attracted to saliva and use salivary cues to discriminate between siblings and nonsiblings, and females use oral cues in the selection of sociosexual partners. Gerbils have been used as experimental models in a number of areas of biomedical research. Gerbils are excellent subjects for laboratory animal research as they are susceptible to bacterial, viral, and parasitic pathogens that affect humans and other species. Gerbils may have spontaneous seizures secondary to stress such as handling, cage change, abrupt noises, or changes in the environment. Cystic ovaries are seen commonly in female gerbils over 1 year of age. Gerbils have unique characteristics, which make them appropriate for a number of animal models. Classically, gerbils have been used in research involving stroke, parasitology, infectious diseases, epilepsy, brain development and behavior, and hearing.
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Aoki M, Shimozuru M, Kikusui T, Takeuchi Y, Mori Y. Sex differences in behavioral and corticosterone responses to mild stressors in ICR mice are altered by ovariectomy in peripubertal period. Zoolog Sci 2010; 27:783-9. [PMID: 20887175 DOI: 10.2108/zsj.27.783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Among rodents, females are generally considered to be highly responsive in terms of emotionality under stressful conditions, and have higher corticosterone levels and activity. In this study, we examined sex differences in mice by evaluating anxiety behaviors and corticosterone responses to mild stressors. In our first experiment, we analyzed the behavioral and corticosterone responses to the elevated plus-maze test and open-field test in male and female mice, and compared sex differences. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to investigate the correlation of these responses between males and females. The corticosterone level was higher in females under both basal and stressed conditions. In the behavioral response, higher locomotor activity was seen in females in the elevated plus-maze test. PCA showed little association among anxiety behavior, locomotor activity, and corticosterone secretion. In our second experiment, we examined the activational effects of sex steroids on the corticosterone response to the elevated plus-maze test by gonadectomizing male and female mice and using testosterone or estrogen capsules as hormonal replacements. Sex differences at the basal corticosterone level were not altered by the hormonal milieu in adults, however the higher corticosterone level of females in response to stress was diminished by ovariectomy, although replacement with neither testosterone nor estrogen had any effect. These results suggest that the sex difference in novelty exposure observed in the form of a greater hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis response in female ICR mice is controlled by ovary-derived factors in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mami Aoki
- Laboratory of Veterinary Ethology, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
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Hartmann E, Christensen JW, Keeling LJ. Social interactions of unfamiliar horses during paired encounters: Effect of pre-exposure on aggression level and so risk of injury. Appl Anim Behav Sci 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.applanim.2009.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Pan Y, Liu Y, Young KA, Zhang Z, Wang Z. Post-weaning social isolation alters anxiety-related behavior and neurochemical gene expression in the brain of male prairie voles. Neurosci Lett 2009; 454:67-71. [PMID: 19429056 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2009.02.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2008] [Revised: 02/23/2009] [Accepted: 02/26/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Stressful social experiences early in life, such as maternal separation and social isolation, have enduring effects on the development of the brain and behavior. In the present study in socially monogamous male prairie voles (Microtus ochrogaster), we found that following 6 weeks of social isolation after weaning males spent more time in the closed arms and less time in the open arms during an elevated plus maze (EPM) test, moved more frequently from central to peripheral squares in an open field test, and diminished their preferences for the empty chamber during a two-chamber affiliation test, compared to control males that were housed with siblings. This increased behavioral anxiety in socially isolated males was also associated with enhanced mRNA expression for vasopressin (AVP), oxytocin (OT), corticotrophin releasing factor (CRF), and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN). Together, these data illustrate the importance of the post-weaning social environment on anxiety-related behavior and suggest a potential role of neurochemical systems in the PVN in the regulation of this behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongliang Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents in Agriculture, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Datun Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, PR China
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