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Korzan WJ, Summers CH. Evolution of stress responses refine mechanisms of social rank. Neurobiol Stress 2021; 14:100328. [PMID: 33997153 PMCID: PMC8105687 DOI: 10.1016/j.ynstr.2021.100328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Social rank functions to facilitate coping responses to socially stressful situations and conditions. The evolution of social status appears to be inseparably connected to the evolution of stress. Stress, aggression, reward, and decision-making neurocircuitries overlap and interact to produce status-linked relationships, which are common among both male and female populations. Behavioral consequences stemming from social status and rank relationships are molded by aggressive interactions, which are inherently stressful. It seems likely that the balance of regulatory elements in pro- and anti-stress neurocircuitries results in rapid but brief stress responses that are advantageous to social dominance. These systems further produce, in coordination with reward and aggression circuitries, rapid adaptive responding during opportunities that arise to acquire food, mates, perch sites, territorial space, shelter and other resources. Rapid acquisition of resources and aggressive postures produces dominant individuals, who temporarily have distinct fitness advantages. For these reasons also, change in social status can occur rapidly. Social subordination results in slower and more chronic neural and endocrine reactions, a suite of unique defensive behaviors, and an increased propensity for anxious and depressive behavior and affect. These two behavioral phenotypes are but distinct ends of a spectrum, however, they may give us insights into the troubling mechanisms underlying the myriad of stress-related disorders to which they appear to be evolutionarily linked.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Cliff H Summers
- Department of Biology, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069 USA.,Neuroscience Group, Division of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA.,Veterans Affairs Research Service, Sioux Falls VA Health Care System, Sioux Falls, SD 57105 USA
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Bubak AN, Watt MJ, Yaeger JDW, Renner KJ, Swallow JG. The stalk-eyed fly as a model for aggression - is there a conserved role for 5-HT between vertebrates and invertebrates? ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 223:223/1/jeb132159. [PMID: 31896721 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.132159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Serotonin (5-HT) has largely been accepted to be inhibitory to vertebrate aggression, whereas an opposing stimulatory role has been proposed for invertebrates. Herein, we argue that critical gaps in our understanding of the nuanced role of 5-HT in invertebrate systems drove this conclusion prematurely, and that emerging data suggest a previously unrecognized level of phylogenetic conservation with respect to neurochemical mechanisms regulating the expression of aggressive behaviors. This is especially apparent when considering the interplay among factors governing 5-HT activity, many of which share functional homology across taxa. We discuss recent findings using insect models, with an emphasis on the stalk-eyed fly, to demonstrate how particular 5-HT receptor subtypes mediate the intensity of aggression with respect to discrete stages of the interaction (initiation, escalation and termination), which mirrors the complex behavioral regulation currently recognized in vertebrates. Further similarities emerge when considering the contribution of neuropeptides, which interact with 5-HT to ultimately determine contest progression and outcome. Relative to knowledge in vertebrates, much less is known about the function of 5-HT receptors and neuropeptides in invertebrate aggression, particularly with respect to sex, species and context, prompting the need for further studies. Our Commentary highlights the need to consider multiple factors when determining potential taxonomic differences, and raises the possibility of more similarities than differences between vertebrates and invertebrates with regard to the modulatory effect of 5-HT on aggression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew N Bubak
- Department of Neurology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Michael J Watt
- Department of Anatomy, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, New Zealand
| | - Jazmine D W Yaeger
- Department of Biology, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA
| | - Kenneth J Renner
- Department of Biology, University of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD 57069, USA
| | - John G Swallow
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Colorado-Denver, Denver, CO 80217, USA
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Hudson SB, Robertson MW, Wilcoxen TE. Fecal Glucocorticoid Response to Periodic Social Stress in Male Green Anoles, Anolis carolinensis. COPEIA 2019. [DOI: 10.1643/cp-19-192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Spencer B. Hudson
- Department of Biology, Utah State University, 5305 Old Main Hill, Logan, Utah 84322; . Send reprint requests to this address
| | - Marianne W. Robertson
- Department of Biology, Millikin University, 1184 W Main Street, Decatur, Illinois 62522; (MWR) ; and (TEW)
| | - Travis E. Wilcoxen
- Department of Biology, Millikin University, 1184 W Main Street, Decatur, Illinois 62522; (MWR) ; and (TEW)
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Coexisting lacertid lizard species Podarcis siculus and Podarcis melisellensis differ in dopamine brain concentrations. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2019; 205:451-456. [PMID: 30976920 DOI: 10.1007/s00359-019-01335-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In the eastern Adriatic, Podarcis siculus, an invasive species, competitively excludes the native Podarcis melisellensis. Monoamine neurotransmitters-serotonin (5HT), dopamine (DA), and noradrenaline (NA)-are implicated in social behavior, and could lie at the basis of the direct behavioral interference of P. siculus with P. melisellensis. To understand the relationship between social behavior and monoamines, as well as the differences in behavior between P. siculus and P. melisellensis, we developed a high-performance liquid chromatography (UV/VIS detection) method with which we were able to reliably measure concentrations of 5HT, DA, and NA in 32 brains of the two lizard species. We observed no statistically significant influence of species, sex, or their interaction on brain NA and 5HT concentrations. Statistically significant influence of species on dopamine levels were recorded, with P. siculus having twice as much dopamine in their brains. Taking into account that a significant aggressive relationship, with P. siculus dominating over P. melisellensis, has been previously observed, and that dopamine directly influences this behavior, the observed differences in dopamine levels could represent a trait in these species and may contribute to the competitive exclusion of P. melisellensis by P. siculus in the eastern Adriatic.
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Reichert MS, Quinn JL. Cognition in Contests: Mechanisms, Ecology, and Evolution. Trends Ecol Evol 2017; 32:773-785. [PMID: 28823589 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2017.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Animal contests govern access to key resources and are a fundamental determinant of fitness within populations. Little is known about the mechanisms generating individual variation in strategic contest behavior or what this variation means for population level processes. Cognition governs the expression of behaviors during contests, most notably by linking experience gained with decision making, but its role in driving the evolutionary ecological dynamics of contests is only beginning to emerge. We review the kinds of cognitive mechanisms that underlie contest behavior, emphasize the importance of feedback loops and socio-ecological context, and suggest that contest behavior provides an ideal focus for integrative studies of phenotypic variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Reichert
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Science, University College Cork, North Mall, Cork, T23 N73K, Ireland.
| | - John L Quinn
- School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Science, University College Cork, North Mall, Cork, T23 N73K, Ireland
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Garcia MJ, Murphree J, Wilson J, Earley RL. Mechanisms of decision making during contests in green anole lizards: prior experience and assessment. Anim Behav 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anbehav.2014.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Chichinadze K, Chichinadze N, Gachechiladze L, Lazarashvili A, Nikolaishvili M. Physical predictors, behavioural/emotional attributes and neurochemical determinants of dominant behaviour. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2014; 89:1005-20. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/30/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Chichinadze
- Laboratory of Behavior and Cognitive Functions; I. Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine; Gotua Street 14 0160 Tbilisi Georgia
- Department of Pathology; I. Javakhishvili Tbilisi State University; 0128 Tbilisi Georgia
- Laboratory of Theoretical Investigations, Systemic Research Center; 0179 Tbilisi Georgia
| | - Nodar Chichinadze
- Department of Andrology; A. Natishvili Institute of Morphology; 0159 Tbilisi Georgia
| | - Ledi Gachechiladze
- Laboratory of Theoretical Investigations, Systemic Research Center; 0179 Tbilisi Georgia
| | - Ann Lazarashvili
- Laboratory of Theoretical Investigations, Systemic Research Center; 0179 Tbilisi Georgia
| | - Marina Nikolaishvili
- Laboratory of Problems of Radiation Safety, Department of Radiobiology; I. Beritashvili Center of Experimental Biomedicine; 0160 Tbilisi Georgia
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Kabelik D, Alix VC, Singh LJ, Johnson AL, Choudhury SC, Elbaum CC, Scott MR. Neural activity in catecholaminergic populations following sexual and aggressive interactions in the brown anole, Anolis sagrei. Brain Res 2014; 1553:41-58. [PMID: 24472578 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2014.01.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Social behaviors in vertebrates are modulated by catecholamine (CA; dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) release within the social behavior neural network. Few studies have examined activity across CA populations in relation to social behaviors. The involvement of CAs in social behavior regulation is especially underexplored in reptiles, relative to other amniotes. In this study, we mapped CA populations throughout the brain (excluding retina and olfactory bulb) of the male brown anole lizard, Anolis sagrei, via immunofluorescent visualization of the rate-limiting enzyme for CA synthesis, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). Colocalization of TH with the immediate early gene product Fos, an indirect marker of neural activity, also enabled us to relate activity in TH-immunoreactive (TH-ir) neurons to appetitive and consummatory sexual and aggressive behaviors. We detected most major TH-ir cell populations that are present in other amniotes (within the hypothalamus, midbrain, and hindbrain), although the A15 population was entirely absent. We also detected a few novel or rare cell clusters within the amygdala, medial septum, and inferior raphe. Many CA populations, especially dopaminergic groups, showed increased TH-Fos colocalization in association with appetitive and consummatory sexual behavior expression, while a small number of regions showed increased colocalization in relation to solely consummatory aggression (biting of an opponent). In conclusion, we here map CA populations throughout the brown anole brain and demonstrate evidence for catecholaminergic involvement in appetitive and consummatory sexual behaviors and consummatory aggressive behaviors in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Kabelik
- Department of Biology, Rhodes College, 2000 N Parkway, Memphis, TN 38112, USA.
| | - Veronica C Alix
- Department of Biology, Rhodes College, 2000 N Parkway, Memphis, TN 38112, USA
| | - Leah J Singh
- Department of Biology, Rhodes College, 2000 N Parkway, Memphis, TN 38112, USA
| | - Alyssa L Johnson
- Department of Biology, Rhodes College, 2000 N Parkway, Memphis, TN 38112, USA
| | - Shelley C Choudhury
- Department of Biology, Rhodes College, 2000 N Parkway, Memphis, TN 38112, USA
| | - Caroline C Elbaum
- Department of Biology, Rhodes College, 2000 N Parkway, Memphis, TN 38112, USA
| | - Madeline R Scott
- Department of Biology, Rhodes College, 2000 N Parkway, Memphis, TN 38112, USA
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Petersen CL, Timothy M, Kim DS, Bhandiwad AA, Mohr RA, Sisneros JA, Forlano PM. Exposure to advertisement calls of reproductive competitors activates vocal-acoustic and catecholaminergic neurons in the plainfin midshipman fish, Porichthys notatus. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70474. [PMID: 23936438 PMCID: PMC3735598 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
While the neural circuitry and physiology of the auditory system is well studied among vertebrates, far less is known about how the auditory system interacts with other neural substrates to mediate behavioral responses to social acoustic signals. One species that has been the subject of intensive neuroethological investigation with regard to the production and perception of social acoustic signals is the plainfin midshipman fish, Porichthys notatus, in part because acoustic communication is essential to their reproductive behavior. Nesting male midshipman vocally court females by producing a long duration advertisement call. Females localize males by their advertisement call, spawn and deposit all their eggs in their mate’s nest. As multiple courting males establish nests in close proximity to one another, the perception of another male’s call may modulate individual calling behavior in competition for females. We tested the hypothesis that nesting males exposed to advertisement calls of other males would show elevated neural activity in auditory and vocal-acoustic brain centers as well as differential activation of catecholaminergic neurons compared to males exposed only to ambient noise. Experimental brains were then double labeled by immunofluorescence (-ir) for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), an enzyme necessary for catecholamine synthesis, and cFos, an immediate-early gene product used as a marker for neural activation. Males exposed to other advertisement calls showed a significantly greater percentage of TH-ir cells colocalized with cFos-ir in the noradrenergic locus coeruleus and the dopaminergic periventricular posterior tuberculum, as well as increased numbers of cFos-ir neurons in several levels of the auditory and vocal-acoustic pathway. Increased activation of catecholaminergic neurons may serve to coordinate appropriate behavioral responses to male competitors. Additionally, these results implicate a role for specific catecholaminergic neuronal groups in auditory-driven social behavior in fishes, consistent with a conserved function in social acoustic behavior across vertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher L. Petersen
- Department of Biology, Brooklyn College, City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York, United States of America
| | - Miky Timothy
- Department of Biology, Brooklyn College, City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York, United States of America
| | - D. Spencer Kim
- Department of Biology, Brooklyn College, City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York, United States of America
| | - Ashwin A. Bhandiwad
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Robert A. Mohr
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Joseph A. Sisneros
- Department of Psychology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Virginia Bloedel Hearing Research Center, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Paul M. Forlano
- Department of Biology, Brooklyn College, City University of New York, Brooklyn, New York, United States of America
- Aquatic Research and Environmental Assessment Center, Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, New York, United States of America
- Programs in Neuroscience, and Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior, The Graduate Center, City University of New York, New York, New York, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Assessment Strategies and the Effects of Fighting Experience on Future Contest Performance in the Green Anole (Anolis carolinensis). Ethology 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0310.2012.02072.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Morrison KE, Curry DW, Cooper MA. Social status alters defeat-induced neural activation in Syrian hamsters. Neuroscience 2012; 210:168-78. [PMID: 22433296 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2012] [Accepted: 03/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Although exposure to social stress leads to increased depression-like and anxiety-like behavior, some individuals are more vulnerable than others to these stress-induced changes in behavior. Prior social experience is one factor that can modulate how individuals respond to stressful events. In this study, we investigated whether experience-dependent resistance to the behavioral consequences of social defeat was associated with a specific pattern of neural activation. We paired weight-matched male Syrian hamsters in daily aggressive encounters for 2 weeks, during which they formed a stable dominance relationship. We also included control animals that were exposed to an empty cage each day for 2 weeks. Twenty-four hours after the final pairing or empty cage exposure, half of the subjects were socially defeated in 3, 5-min encounters, whereas the others were not socially defeated. Twenty-four hours after social defeat, animals were tested for conditioned defeat in a 5-min social interaction test with a non-aggressive intruder. We collected brains after social defeat and processed the tissue for c-Fos immunoreactivity. We found that dominants were more likely than subordinates to counter-attack the resident aggressor during social defeat, and they showed less submissive and defensive behavior at conditioned defeat testing compared with subordinates. Also, social status was associated with distinct patterns of defeat-induced neural activation in select brain regions, including the amygdala, prefrontal cortex, hypothalamus, and lateral septum. Our results indicate that social status is an important form of prior experience that predicts both initial coping style and the degree of resistance to social defeat. Further, the differences in defeat-induced neural activation suggest possible brain regions that may control resistance to conditioned defeat in dominant individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- K E Morrison
- Department of Psychology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA.
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