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Resistant Starch Type 2 from Wheat Reduces Postprandial Glycemic Response with Concurrent Alterations in Gut Microbiota Composition. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020645. [PMID: 33671147 PMCID: PMC7922998 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The majority of research on the physiological effects of dietary resistant starch type 2 (RS2) has focused on sources derived from high-amylose maize. In this study, we conduct a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover trial investigating the effects of RS2 from wheat on glycemic response, an important indicator of metabolic health, and the gut microbiota. Overall, consumption of RS2-enriched wheat rolls for one week resulted in reduced postprandial glucose and insulin responses relative to conventional wheat when participants were provided with a standard breakfast meal containing the respective treatment rolls (RS2-enriched or conventional wheat). This was accompanied by an increase in the proportions of bacterial taxa Ruminococcus and Gemmiger in the fecal contents, reflecting the composition in the distal intestine. Additionally, fasting breath hydrogen and methane were increased during RS2-enriched wheat consumption. However, although changes in fecal short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) concentrations were not significant between control and RS-enriched wheat roll consumption, butyrate and total SCFAs were positively correlated with relative abundance of Faecalibacterium, Ruminoccocus, Roseburia, and Barnesiellaceae. These effects show that RS2-enriched wheat consumption results in a reduction in postprandial glycemia, altered gut microbial composition, and increased fermentation activity relative to wild-type wheat.
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Shi XD, Yin JY, Zhang LJ, Huang XJ, Nie SP. Studies on O-acetyl-glucomannans from Amorphophallus species: Comparison of physicochemical properties and primary structures. Food Hydrocoll 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2018.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Solah VA, Kerr DA, Hunt WJ, Johnson SK, Boushey CJ, Delp EJ, Meng X, Gahler RJ, James AP, Mukhtar AS, Fenton HK, Wood S. Effect of Fibre Supplementation on Body Weight and Composition, Frequency of Eating and Dietary Choice in Overweight Individuals. Nutrients 2017; 9:E149. [PMID: 28212353 PMCID: PMC5331580 DOI: 10.3390/nu9020149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibre supplementation can potentially reduce energy intake and contribute to weight loss. The mechanism may be reduced frequency of eating, resulting in reduced food consumption. The objective of this research was to determine the effectiveness of fibre supplementation with PolyGlycopleX® (PGX®), on body weight and composition, frequency of eating and dietary intake in 118 overweight adults. In a three-arm, parallel, blind, randomised controlled trial participants were randomised to one of three groups; 4.5 g PGX as softgels (PGXS), 5 g PGX granules (PGXG) or 5 g rice flour (RF) control. Prior to supplementation and at 12 weeks, participants captured before and after images of all food and beverages consumed within 4 days using a mobile food record app (mFR). The mFR images were analysed for food group serving sizes and number of eating occasions. In the PGXG group, per-protocol analysis [corrected] analysis showed there was a significant reduction in waist circumference (2.5 cm; p = 0.003). Subgroup analysis showed that PGXG supplementation at the recommended dose resulted in a reduction in body weight (-1.4 ± 0.10 kg, p < 0.01), body mass index (BMI) reduction (-0.5 ± 0.10, p < 0.01), reduced number of eating occasions (-1.4 ± 1.2, p < 0.01) and a reduced intake of grain food (-1.52 ± 1.84 serves, p = 0.019). PGXG at the recommended dose resulted in a reduction in weight and BMI which was significantly greater than that for RF (p = 0.001). These results demonstrate the potential benefits of PGX fibre in controlling frequency of eating and in weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicky A. Solah
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth WA 6845, Australia; (D.A.K.); (W.J.H.); (S.K.J.); (A.P.J.); (A.S.M.); (H.K.F.); (S.W.)
| | - Deborah A. Kerr
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth WA 6845, Australia; (D.A.K.); (W.J.H.); (S.K.J.); (A.P.J.); (A.S.M.); (H.K.F.); (S.W.)
| | - Wendy J. Hunt
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth WA 6845, Australia; (D.A.K.); (W.J.H.); (S.K.J.); (A.P.J.); (A.S.M.); (H.K.F.); (S.W.)
| | - Stuart K. Johnson
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth WA 6845, Australia; (D.A.K.); (W.J.H.); (S.K.J.); (A.P.J.); (A.S.M.); (H.K.F.); (S.W.)
| | - Carol J. Boushey
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA;
| | - Edward J. Delp
- Video and Image Processing Laboratory, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA;
| | - Xingqiong Meng
- Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide 5001, Australia;
| | | | - Anthony P. James
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth WA 6845, Australia; (D.A.K.); (W.J.H.); (S.K.J.); (A.P.J.); (A.S.M.); (H.K.F.); (S.W.)
- Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth WA 6845, Australia
| | - Aqif S. Mukhtar
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth WA 6845, Australia; (D.A.K.); (W.J.H.); (S.K.J.); (A.P.J.); (A.S.M.); (H.K.F.); (S.W.)
- Centre for Population Health Research, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth WA 6845, Australia
| | - Haelee K. Fenton
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth WA 6845, Australia; (D.A.K.); (W.J.H.); (S.K.J.); (A.P.J.); (A.S.M.); (H.K.F.); (S.W.)
| | - Simon Wood
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth WA 6845, Australia; (D.A.K.); (W.J.H.); (S.K.J.); (A.P.J.); (A.S.M.); (H.K.F.); (S.W.)
- InovoBiologic Inc., Calgary, AB Y2N4Y7, Canada
- Food, Nutrition and Health Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T1Z4, Canada
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Pal S, Ho S, Gahler RJ, Wood S. Effect on Insulin, Glucose and Lipids in Overweight/Obese Australian Adults of 12 Months Consumption of Two Different Fibre Supplements in a Randomised Trial. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9020091. [PMID: 28146065 PMCID: PMC5331522 DOI: 10.3390/nu9020091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Revised: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Higher fibre intakes are associated with risk reduction for chronic diseases. This study investigated the effects of supplementation with PolyGlycopleX® (PGX), a complexed polysaccharide, on insulin, glucose and lipids in overweight and obese individuals. In this double-blind 12 months study, participants were randomised into three groups: control (rice flour); PGX or psyllium (PSY). Participants followed their usual lifestyle and diet but consumed 5 g of their supplement before meals. Insulin was significantly lower in the PGX and PSY groups compared to control at 3 and 6 months and in the PSY group compared to control at 12 months. Serum glucose was significantly lower in the PGX group at 3 months compared to control. Total cholesterol was significantly lower in the PGX and PSY groups compared to control at 3 and 6 months. High density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol was significantly increased in the PGX group compared to control at 12 months. low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol was significantly lower in the PGX group at 3 and 6 months compared to control and in the PSY group at 3 months compared to control. A simple strategy of fibre supplementation may offer an effective solution to glucose, insulin and lipid management without the need for other nutrient modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebely Pal
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth 6845, Australia.
| | - Suleen Ho
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth 6845, Australia.
| | | | - Simon Wood
- Food, Nutrition and Health Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
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Solah VA, O'Mara-Wallace B, Meng X, Gahler RJ, Kerr DA, James AP, Fenton HK, Johnson SK, Wood S. Consumption of the Soluble Dietary Fibre Complex PolyGlycopleX(®) Reduces Glycaemia and Increases Satiety of a Standard Meal Postprandially. Nutrients 2016; 8:nu8050268. [PMID: 27164135 PMCID: PMC4882681 DOI: 10.3390/nu8050268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of consumption of PolyGlycopleX® (PGX®) was compared to wheat dextrin (WD) in combination with a standard meal, on postprandial satiety and glycaemia in a double-blind, randomised crossover trial, of 14 healthy subjects trained as a satiety panel. At each of six two-hour satiety sessions, subjects consumed one of three different test meals on two separate occasions. The test meals were: a standard meal plus 5 g PGX; a standard meal plus 4.5 g of PGX as softgels; and a standard meal plus 5 g of WD. Subjects recorded fullness using a labelled magnitude scale at 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 90, and 120 min and the total area under the curve (AUC), mean fullness vs. time was calculated. The meals with PGX (in granular and softgel form) gave higher satiety (AUC) (477 ± 121 and 454 ± 242 cm·min), than the meal with WD (215 ± 261 cm·min) (p < 0.001). Subjects had blood glucose levels measured after the meals with PGX (granules) and WD. Glucose response (AUC) was significantly lower (p < 0.001) after the PGX meal than for the WD meal. The high viscosity reported for PGX is a likely mechanism behind the significant satiety and blood glucose modulating effects observed in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicky A Solah
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia.
| | - Babette O'Mara-Wallace
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia.
| | - Xingqiong Meng
- Flinders Centre for Innovation in Cancer, School of Medicine, Flinders University, Adelaide 5001, Australia.
| | | | - Deborah A Kerr
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia.
| | - Anthony P James
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia.
| | - Haelee K Fenton
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia.
| | - Stuart K Johnson
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia.
| | - Simon Wood
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia 6845, Australia.
- InovoBiologic Inc., Calgary, AB Y2N 4Y7, Canada.
- Food, Nutrition and Health Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4, Canada.
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