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Wang Y, Chang X, Zhang H, Hou Y, Zheng X, Zhang Y, Chen S. Hypothalamic Gene Expression in a Rat Model of Chronic Unpredictable Mild Stress Treated with Electroacupuncture. Neurochem Res 2024; 49:1406-1416. [PMID: 38522048 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-024-04124-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/10/2024] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
Abstract
Depression is characterized by the loss of pleasure and a depressed mood, and it is a common mental disorder in the twenty-first century. Multiple gene imbalances, which are considered pathological factors in depression, were detected in the brain. Electroacupuncture is an effective therapeutic approach for depression that has minimal side effects. As a crucial structure in the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal, the hypothalamus plays a key role in depression. Our study focused on the transcriptome level in the hypothalamus of depressive rats. After chronic unpredictable mild stress, the rats exhibited depressive-like behaviors, such as decreased sucrose consumption in the SPT, increased time in the central area of the OFT and increased immobility in the FST. Moreover, electroacupuncture alleviated depressive behaviors. Because of the importance of the hypothalamus in depression, we next detected gene expression in the hypothalamus. A total of 510 genes (125 upregulated genes and 385 downregulated genes) were detected in the hypothalamus of depressive rats. 15 of the 125 upregulated genes and 63 of the 385 downregulated genes could be altered by electroacupuncture, which suggests the antidepressant effect of electroacupuncture. Our study also provided the evidence that regulation of transcriptome in the hypothalamus might be a potential mechanism of electroacupuncture treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Phamacy, Research Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoli Chang
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Phamacy, Research Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, Shandong, China
| | - Haiyan Zhang
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Phamacy, Research Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, Shandong, China
| | - Yi Hou
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Phamacy, Research Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, Shandong, China
| | - Xinjie Zheng
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Phamacy, Research Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, Shandong, China
| | - Yujiao Zhang
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Phamacy, Research Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, Shandong, China.
| | - Shaozong Chen
- Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Phamacy, Research Institute of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, 250355, Shandong, China.
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Shayan E, Maheri F, Aflaki F, Mousavi SE, Zarrindast MR, Fakhraei N, Rezayat Sorkhabadi SM, Shushtarian SMM. Synergistic effects of citicoline and silymarin nanomicelles in restraint stress-exposed mice. Behav Brain Res 2024; 464:114929. [PMID: 38428646 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2024.114929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of citicoline and silymarin nanomicelles (SMnm) in repeated restraint stress (RRS). METHOD Mice were exposed to RRS for four consecutive days, 2 hrs. daily. On day 5 of the study, SMnm (25 and 50 mg/kg, i.p.) and citicoline (25 and 75 mg/kg), and a combination of them (25 mg/kg, i.p.) were initiated. On day 18, anxiety-like behavior, behavioral despair, and exploratory behavior were evaluated. The prefrontal cortex (PFC) and the hippocampus were dissected measuring brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) through Western Blot and ELISA, respectively. RESULTS In RR-exposed mice, anxiety-like behavior in the elevated plus maze (EPM) was enhanced by reductions in open arm time (OAT%) P < 0.001, and open arm entry (OAE%) P < 0.001. In the forced swimming test (FST), the immobility increased P < 0.001 while the swimming and climbing reduced P < 0.001. In the open field test (OFT), general motor activity was raised P < 0.05. Further, body weights reduced P < 0.001, and tissue BDNF and pCREB expressions decreased P < 0.001 while TNF-α increased P < 0.001. Conversely, SMnm, citicoline and their combination could reduce anxiety-like behavior P < 0.001. The combination group reduced the depressive-like behaviors P < 0.001. Moreover, body weights were restored P < 0.001. Besides, BDNF and pCREB expressions increased while TNF-α reduced, P < 0.001. CONCLUSION The combination synergistically improved emotion-like behaviors, alleviating the inflammation and upregulating the hippocampal BDNF-mediated CREB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elham Shayan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Maheri
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Aflaki
- Department of Biophysics and Biochemistry, Faculty of Advance Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyyedeh-Elaheh Mousavi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran.
| | - Mohammad-Reza Zarrindast
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Nahid Fakhraei
- Electrophysiology Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Seyed-Mohammad-Masoud Shushtarian
- Department of Biophysics and Biochemistry, Faculty of Advance Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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Amanzade A, Khakpai F, Zarrindast MR. Synergistic antidepressant-like effect of citicoline and CB 1 agonist in male mice. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2024; 241:753-766. [PMID: 38383902 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-023-06507-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The endocannabinoid system plays a key role in the control of many emotional-correlated reactions such as stress, depressed mood, and anxiety. Moreover, citicoline has neuroprotective properties and indicates beneficial effects in the treatment of depressive problems. Acute restraint stress (ARS) is an experimental model used for the induction of rodent models of depression. OBJECTIVE This research was designed to assess the effects of intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of cannabinoid CB1 receptor agents on citicoline-induced response to depression-like behaviors in the non-acute restraint stress (NARS) and ARS mice. METHODS For i.c.v. microinjection, a guide cannula was implanted in the left lateral ventricle of male mice. The ARS model was carried out by movement restraint for 4 h. Depression-related behaviors were assessed by forced swimming test (FST), tail suspension test (TST), and splash test. RESULTS The results exhibited that the ARS mice showed depressive-like responses. I.c.v. infusion of ACPA (1 μg/mouse) induced an antidepressant-like effect in the NARS and ARS mice by reduction of immobility time in the FST and TST as well as enhancement of grooming activity time in the splash test. On the other hand, i.c.v. microinjection of AM251 dose-dependently (0.5 and 1 μg/mouse) induced a depressant-like effect in the NARS mice. I.p. injection of citicoline (80 mg/kg) induced an antidepressant-like response in the NARS and ARS mice. Furthermore, ACPA (0.25 μg/mouse, i.c.v.) potentiated the antidepressant-like response induced by citicoline (20 mg/kg, i.p.) in the NARS and ARS mice. However, AM251 (0.25 μg/mouse, i.c.v.) reversed the antidepressant-like effect produced by the citicoline (80 mg/kg, i.p.) in the NARS and ARS mice. Interestingly, our results indicated a synergistic effect between citicoline and ACPA based on the induction of an antidepressant-like effect in the NARS and ARS mice. CONCLUSIONS These results suggested an interaction between citicoline and cannabinoid CB1 receptors on the modulation of depression-like behaviors in the NARS and ARS mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysan Amanzade
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Khakpai
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Reza Zarrindast
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Institute for Cognitive Science Studies (ICSS), Tehran, Iran.
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Ferrari S, Mulè S, Galla R, Brovero A, Genovese G, Molinari C, Uberti F. Effects of Nutraceutical Compositions Containing Rhizoma Gastrodiae or Lipoic Acid in an In Vitro Induced Neuropathic Pain Model. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2376. [PMID: 38397054 PMCID: PMC10889561 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peripheral neuropathy is caused by a malfunction in the axons and myelin sheaths of peripheral nerves and motor and sensory neurons. In this context, nonpharmacological treatments with antioxidant potential have attracted much attention due to the issues that some conventional pharmaceutical therapy can generate. Most of these treatments contain lipoic acid, but issues have emerged regarding its use. Considering this, the present study evaluated the beneficial effects of nutraceuticals based on Gastrodiae elata dry extract 10:1 or lipoic acid in combination with other substances (such as citicholine, B vitamins, and acetyl L-carnitine). METHOD To assess the combination's absorption and biodistribution and exclude cytotoxicity, its bioavailability was first examined in a 3D intestinal barrier model that replicated oral ingestion. Subsequently, a 3D model of nerve tissue was constructed to investigate the impacts of the new combination on the significant pathways dysregulated in peripheral neuropathy. RESULTS Our findings show that the novel combination outperformed in initial pain relief response and in recovering the mechanism of nerve healing following Schwann cell injury by successfully crossing the gut barrier and reaching the target site. CONCLUSION This article describes a potential alternative nutraceutical approach supporting the effectiveness of combinations with Gastrodiae elata extract in decreasing neuropathy and regulating pain pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ferrari
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy; (S.F.); (S.M.); (R.G.); (G.G.)
| | - Simone Mulè
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy; (S.F.); (S.M.); (R.G.); (G.G.)
| | - Rebecca Galla
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy; (S.F.); (S.M.); (R.G.); (G.G.)
- Noivita Srls, Spin-Off, Via Alfieri 3, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Arianna Brovero
- Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e Biologiche, Università Degli Studi di Torino, 10043 Torino, Italy;
| | - Giulia Genovese
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy; (S.F.); (S.M.); (R.G.); (G.G.)
| | - Claudio Molinari
- Dipartimento per lo Sviluppo Sostenibile e la Transizione Ecologica, University of Piemonte Orientale, 13100 Vercelli, Italy;
| | - Francesca Uberti
- Laboratory of Physiology, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, Via Solaroli 17, 28100 Novara, Italy; (S.F.); (S.M.); (R.G.); (G.G.)
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Valencia-Florez KB, Sánchez-Castillo H, Vázquez P, Zarate P, Paz DB. Stress, a Brief Update. Int J Psychol Res (Medellin) 2023; 16:105-121. [PMID: 38106958 PMCID: PMC10723744 DOI: 10.21500/20112084.5815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Stress is fundamental for health and adaptation; it is an evolutionarily conserved response that involves several systems in the organism. The study of the stress response could be traced back to the end of the nineteenth century with George Beard's or Claude Bernard's work and, from that moment on, several studies that have allowed the elucidation of its neurobiology and the consequences of suffering from it were consolidated. In this theoretical review, we discuss the most relevant researches to our knowledge on the study of stress response, from the concept of stress, its neurobiology, the hormonal response during stress, as well as its regulation, the effects of acute and chronic stress, stress from cognition, the different stress responses during life, as well as its relationship with different psychiatric disorders. Taken together, the reviewed research updates the classic perspective on stress, increasing the factors that should be considered in research to explore the effects of stress on health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Baruch Valencia-Florez
- Neuropsychopharmacology Lab. Psychobiology and Neurosciences Department. Psychology School National University of Mexico (UNAM)., MéxicoUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoUniversity of MexicoMexico
| | - Hugo Sánchez-Castillo
- Neuropsychopharmacology Lab. Psychobiology and Neurosciences Department. Psychology School National University of Mexico (UNAM)., MéxicoUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoUniversity of MexicoMexico
| | - Priscila Vázquez
- Neuropsychopharmacology Lab. Psychobiology and Neurosciences Department. Psychology School National University of Mexico (UNAM)., MéxicoUniversidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoUniversity of MexicoMexico
| | - Pavel Zarate
- Ibeoramerican Society of Applied Neurosciences (SINA) , México.Ibeoramerican Society of Applied NeurosciencesMéxico
| | - Diana Berenice Paz
- Neuropsychopharmacology Lab. Psychobiology and Neurosciences Department. Sistema de Universidad Abierta y a Distancia (SUAyD), Psychology School, National University of Mexico (UNAM) , México.Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoNational University of MexicoMexico
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Payamshad S, Khakpai F, Nasehi M, Zarrindast MR. Effect of citicoline and transcranial direct current stimulation on depressive-like behaviors in mice & quot. Behav Brain Res 2023; 450:114495. [PMID: 37182742 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Recent investigations revealed the positive role of transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) in the treatment of depressive-like behavior & quot. Citicoline is a dietary supplement. It acts as a neuroprotective factor for the treatment of neurological disorders. The aim of this research was to evaluate a possible interaction between tDCS and citicoline on the modulation of depressive-like behavior s & quot in male mice. For tDCS, an electrode was surgically implanted in the left prefrontal of the brain of male mice & quot. Acute restraint stress was induced by movement restraint for 4h. Locomotor activity and depressive-like behaviors & quot were examined by open field test (OFT), forced swimming test (FST), and tail suspension test (TST). The results indicated that the intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of citicoline, left prefrontal anodal tDCS, and co-treatment of citicoline and tDCS had no significant effect on locomotor activity. I.p. injection of citicoline (30mg/kg) decreased immobility time in the FST and TST, showing an antidepressant-like effect & quot. Moreover, the application of left prefrontal anodal tDCS (0.2mA) for 20min induced antidepressant-like effect & quot by reducing immobility time in the FST and TST. Co-administration of citicoline (7 and 15mg/kg) along with tDCS (0.1mA) decreased immobility time in the FST and TST, indicating an antidepressant-like effect & quot. Therefore, it can be concluded that administration of citicoline in combination with tDCS enhanced the efficacy of tDCS for remedy of depressive-like behaviors & quot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Payamshad
- Institute for Cognitive Science Studies (ICSS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Khakpai
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Nasehi
- Institute for Cognitive Science Studies (ICSS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Reza Zarrindast
- Institute for Cognitive Science Studies (ICSS), Tehran, Iran; Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Shсhepankevich LA, Gribacheva IA, Popova TF, Taneeva EV, Roerich KV, Petrova EV, Shchepankevich MS. Mild cognitive impairment treatment issues. NEUROLOGY, NEUROPSYCHIATRY, PSYCHOSOMATICS 2022. [DOI: 10.14412/2074-2711-2022-6-110-114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L. A. Shсhepankevich
- Department of Neurology, Novosibirsk State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia; Federal Research Center for Fundamental and Translational Medicine; State Novosibirsk Regional Clinical Hospital
| | - I. A. Gribacheva
- Department of Neurology, Novosibirsk State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia
| | - T. F. Popova
- Department of Neurology, Novosibirsk State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia
| | | | | | - E. V. Petrova
- Department of Neurology, Novosibirsk State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia
| | - M. S. Shchepankevich
- Department of Neurology, Novosibirsk State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia
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8
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Al-kuraishy HM, Al-Buhadily AK, Al-Gareeb AI, Alorabi M, Hadi Al-Harcan NA, El-Bouseary MM, Batiha GES. Citicoline and COVID-19: vis-à-vis conjectured. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2022; 395:1463-1475. [PMID: 36063198 PMCID: PMC9442587 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-022-02284-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a current pandemic disease caused by a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus virus respiratory type 2 (SARS-CoV-2). SARS-CoV-2 infection is linked with various neurological manifestations due to cytokine-induced disruption of the blood brain barrier (BBB), neuroinflammation, and peripheral neuronal injury, or due to direct SARS-CoV-2 neurotropism. Of note, many repurposed agents were included in different therapeutic protocols in the management of COVID-19. These agents did not produce an effective therapeutic eradication of SARS-CoV-2, and continuing searching for novel anti-SARS-CoV-2 agents is a type of challenge nowadays. Therefore, this study aimed to review the potential anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of citicoline in the management of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayder M. Al-kuraishy
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriya University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali K. Al-Buhadily
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriya University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali I. Al-Gareeb
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Al-Mustansiriya University, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Mohammed Alorabi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Sciences, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944 Saudi Arabia
| | - Nasser A. Hadi Al-Harcan
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, College of Medicine, Al-Rasheed University College, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Maisra M. El-Bouseary
- Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Gaber El-Saber Batiha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Damanhour University, AlBeheira, Damanhour, 22511 Egypt
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Neuwirth LS, Verrengia MT, Harikinish-Murrary ZI, Orens JE, Lopez OE. Under or Absent Reporting of Light Stimuli in Testing of Anxiety-Like Behaviors in Rodents: The Need for Standardization. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:912146. [PMID: 36061362 PMCID: PMC9428565 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.912146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Behavioral neuroscience tests such as the Light/Dark Test, the Open Field Test, the Elevated Plus Maze Test, and the Three Chamber Social Interaction Test have become both essential and widely used behavioral tests for transgenic and pre-clinical models for drug screening and testing. However, as fast as the field has evolved and the contemporaneous involvement of technology, little assessment of the literature has been done to ensure that these behavioral neuroscience tests that are crucial to pre-clinical testing have well-controlled ethological motivation by the use of lighting (i.e., Lux). In the present review paper, N = 420 manuscripts were examined from 2015 to 2019 as a sample set (i.e., n = ~20–22 publications per year) and it was found that only a meager n = 50 publications (i.e., 11.9% of the publications sampled) met the criteria for proper anxiogenic and anxiolytic Lux reported. These findings illustrate a serious concern that behavioral neuroscience papers are not being vetted properly at the journal review level and are being released into the literature and public domain making it difficult to assess the quality of the science being reported. This creates a real need for standardizing the use of Lux in all publications on behavioral neuroscience techniques within the field to ensure that contributions are meaningful, avoid unnecessary duplication, and ultimately would serve to create a more efficient process within the pre-clinical screening/testing for drugs that serve as anxiolytic compounds that would prove more useful than what prior decades of work have produced. It is suggested that improving the standardization of the use and reporting of Lux in behavioral neuroscience tests and the standardization of peer-review processes overseeing the proper documentation of these methodological approaches in manuscripts could serve to advance pre-clinical testing for effective anxiolytic drugs. This report serves to highlight this concern and proposes strategies to proactively remedy them as the field moves forward for decades to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenz S. Neuwirth
- Department of Psychology, SUNY Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY, United States
- SUNY Neuroscience Research Institute, SUNY Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY, United States
- *Correspondence: Lorenz S. Neuwirth
| | - Michael T. Verrengia
- Department of Psychology, SUNY Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY, United States
- SUNY Neuroscience Research Institute, SUNY Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY, United States
| | - Zachary I. Harikinish-Murrary
- Department of Psychology, SUNY Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY, United States
- SUNY Neuroscience Research Institute, SUNY Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY, United States
| | - Jessica E. Orens
- Department of Psychology, SUNY Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY, United States
- SUNY Neuroscience Research Institute, SUNY Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY, United States
| | - Oscar E. Lopez
- Department of Psychology, SUNY Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY, United States
- SUNY Neuroscience Research Institute, SUNY Old Westbury, Old Westbury, NY, United States
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Khakpai F, Ramezanikhah M, Valizadegan F, Zarrindast MR. Synergistic effect between imipramine and citicoline upon induction of analgesic and antidepressant effects in mice. Neurosci Lett 2021; 760:136095. [PMID: 34216716 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2021.136095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 06/11/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Imipramine is a tricyclic antidepressant (TCA) drug that is sometimes used to treat neuropathic pain. Citicoline is a dietary supplement that has been used as a neuroprotective agent for neurological disorders. Probable interaction between imipramine and citicoline on pain and depression behaviors was examined in mice using a tail-flick test, open field test (OFT), forced swimming test (FST), and tail suspension test (TST). The results indicated that the intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of citicoline (50 mg/kg) induced analgesic and antidepressant-like behaviors in mice. Similarly, i.p. injection of imipramine (5 mg/kg) induced dose-dependent anti-nociceptive and anti-depressive effects. Co-administration of different doses of imipramine (1.25, 2.5, and 5 mg/kg) along with an ineffective dose of citicoline (6.25 mg/kg) increased tail-flick latency and decreased immobility time in the FST, suggesting an analgesic and antidepressant-like behaviors. Interestingly, there is a synergistic effect between imipramine and citicoline upon the induction of analgesic and antidepressant effects. All doses of the drugs had no significant effect on the locomotor activity. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the administration of citicoline (as an adjuvant drug) in combination with imipramine increased the efficacy of TCA drugs for modulation of pain and depression behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Khakpai
- Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Ramezanikhah
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
| | - Farhad Valizadegan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Reza Zarrindast
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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An Z, Wang X, Li P, He J, Liu L. Exploring the metabolic characteristics and pharmacokinetic variation of paroxetine in healthy volunteers using a pharmacometabonomic approach. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 204:114224. [PMID: 34265484 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The pharmacokinetic parameters of paroxetine vary between individuals, leading to differences in efficacy. The focus of our research was to predict responses to paroxetine using a pharmacometabonomic approach combining metabolic phenotypes and pharmacokinetic parameters. The pharmacokinetics of 12 healthy volunteers treated with paroxetine over two cycles was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Metabolic profiling and phenotyping were performed on the blood samples that remained after pharmacokinetic studies, using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry. Thirty-nine metabolites (p < 0.05) increased or decreased after treatment with paroxetine. Vitamin B6 metabolism; valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis; phenylalanine metabolism; pantothenate and coenzyme A biosynthesis; tyrosine metabolism; and glyoxylate and dicarboxylate metabolism were likely to be relevant for the effects of paroxetine. The two-stage partial least squares (PLS) strategy was used to screen potential biomarkers and predict the pharmacokinetic parameters of paroxetine. An orthogonal PLS discriminant analysis strategy was then applied to separate the high- and low-value groups based on the screened biomarkers. Pearson correlation test and receiver operating characteristic curve analysis confirmed the key prediction biomarkers. Seven common biomarkers were able to predict both the area under the curve (AUC) and the maximum concentration (Cmax): cortisone, l-tyrosine, phenylpyruvate, l-valine, 2-oxoglutarate, l-lactate, and glycerate. Furthermore, homoprotocatechuate and l-glutamate were unique biomarkers for AUC, and citicoline and fumarate were unique biomarkers for Cmax. The selected biomarkers were able to predict the AUC and Cmax and discriminate good responders from poor responders to paroxetine treatment. This trial was registered with http://www.chinadrugtrials.org.cn/ (no. CTR20171590).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoling An
- Pharmacy Department of Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, PR China
| | - Xiangyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, PR China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Pharmacy Department of Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, PR China
| | - Jiuming He
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100050, PR China.
| | - Lihong Liu
- Pharmacy Department of Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100020, PR China.
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12
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Corallo F, Scarfì C, Arcadi FA, Formica C, Di Cara M, Palmeri R, Romeo L, Lo Buono V, Bramanti P, Marino S, De Cola MC. Role of functional pharmacological therapy in post-stroke depression: a narrative review. J Int Med Res 2020; 48:300060520950557. [PMID: 33081542 PMCID: PMC7588775 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520950557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective We conducted a narrative review to investigate whether antidepressant therapy, including the use of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) or serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) or the use of supportive drugs (i.e., citicoline or choline alfoscerate) as a substitute for antidepressant therapy, reduces depression in patients with cerebrovascular diseases. Methods A systematic search of the PubMed and Web of Science databases was performed, including review articles and other studies to identify additional citations. Only 4 of 1566 publications met the inclusion/exclusion criteria and were selected. Results Studies showed that post-stroke depression (PSD) could be treated with antidepressant therapy, as well as supportive drugs such as citicoline or choline alfoscerate, which may have antidepressant effects. Conclusions The findings support the efficacy of citicoline as a treatment for depression. Studies aimed to discover the characteristics of these psychostimulants in relation to PSD treatment should be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Corallo
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino Pulejo" - S.S. 113 C.da Casazza, Messina, Italy
| | - Chiara Scarfì
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino Pulejo" - S.S. 113 C.da Casazza, Messina, Italy
| | | | - Caterina Formica
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino Pulejo" - S.S. 113 C.da Casazza, Messina, Italy
| | - Marcella Di Cara
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino Pulejo" - S.S. 113 C.da Casazza, Messina, Italy
| | - Rosanna Palmeri
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino Pulejo" - S.S. 113 C.da Casazza, Messina, Italy
| | - Laura Romeo
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino Pulejo" - S.S. 113 C.da Casazza, Messina, Italy
| | - Viviana Lo Buono
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino Pulejo" - S.S. 113 C.da Casazza, Messina, Italy
| | - Placido Bramanti
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino Pulejo" - S.S. 113 C.da Casazza, Messina, Italy
| | - Silvia Marino
- IRCCS Centro Neurolesi "Bonino Pulejo" - S.S. 113 C.da Casazza, Messina, Italy
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13
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Jasielski P, Piędel F, Piwek M, Rocka A, Petit V, Rejdak K. Application of Citicoline in Neurological Disorders: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2020; 12:E3113. [PMID: 33053828 PMCID: PMC7601330 DOI: 10.3390/nu12103113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Citicoline is a chemical compound involved in the synthesis of cell membranes. It also has other, not yet explained functions. Research on the use of citicoline is conducted in neurology, ophthalmology, and psychiatry. Citicoline is widely available as a dietary supplement. It is often used to enhance cognitive functions. In our article, accessible databases were searched for articles regarding citicoline use in neurological diseases. This article has a systemic review form. After rejecting non-eligible reports, 47 remaining articles were reviewed. The review found that citicoline has been proven to be a useful compound in preventing dementia progression. It also enhances cognitive functions among healthy individuals and improves prognosis after stroke. In an animal model of nerve damage and neuropathy, citicoline stimulated regeneration and lessened pain. Among patients who underwent brain trauma, citicoline has an unclear clinical effect. Citicoline has a wide range of effects and could be an essential substance in the treatment of many neurological diseases. Its positive impact on learning and cognitive functions among the healthy population is also worth noting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patryk Jasielski
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Lublin, 20-059 Lublin, Poland; (F.P.); (M.P.); (A.R.); (V.P.); (K.R.)
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14
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Synergistic effect between citalopram and citicoline on anxiolytic effect in non-sensitized and morphine-sensitized mice: An isobologram analysis. Brain Res 2020; 1734:146701. [PMID: 32070686 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.146701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, the effects of intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of citalopram and citicoline on morphine-induced anxiolytic effects were investigated in non-sensitized and morphine-sensitized mice using elevated plus-maze (EPM). Subcutaneous (s.c.) administration morphine (5 mg/kg) increased the percentage of open arm time (%OAT, in morphine-sensitized mice), and open arm entries (%OAE, in non-sensitized mice), but not a locomotor activity, indicating an anxiolytic response to morphine. On the other hand, i.p. administration of naloxone decreased %OAT (morphine-sensitized mice), and %OAE (non-sensitized and morphine-sensitized mice), but not a locomotor activity, showing an anxiogenic effect to naloxone. Moreover, i.p.co-administration of citalopram (5 and 10 mg/kg) and citicoline (75 mg/kg) induced the anxiolytic effect. Interestingly, i.p. co-administration of low doses of citalopram (0.5, 1 and 2.5 mg/kg) and citicoline (25 mg/kg) significantly increased %OAT and %OAE in non-sensitized as well as %OAT in morphine-sensitized mice, indicating an anxiolytic effect. An isobolographic analysis of data was performed, presenting a synergistic interaction between citalopram and citicoline upon the production of anxiolytic effect in non-sensitized and morphine-sensitized mice. In conclusion, it seems that (1) morphine sensitization affects the anxiety behavior in the EPM, (2) μ-opioid receptors play an important role in morphine anxiolytic effect, (3) citalopram and citicoline induced anti-anxiety effect, (4) a synergistic effect of citalopram and citicoline upon induction of anti-anxiety behavior in non-sensitized and morphine-sensitized mice.
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15
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Rohbani K, Sabzevari S, Sadat-Shirazi MS, Nouri Zadeh-Tehrani S, Ashabi G, Khalifeh S, Ale-Ebrahim M, Zarrindast MR. Parental morphine exposure affects repetitive grooming actions and marble burying behavior in the offspring: Potential relevance for obsessive-compulsive like behavior. Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 865:172757. [PMID: 31693870 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.172757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2019] [Revised: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Family, adoption and twin studies have highlighted the significant role of heritable influences on individual differences in opioid addiction. Meanwhile, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a disorder wherein the individual experiences recurring thoughts that cause irrational fears and anxiety. In the present study, adult male and female rats received morphine solution for 21 days and were drug-free for 10 days. Offspring were used in 4 distinct groups; (1) paternal morphine-exposed, (2) maternal morphine-exposed, (3) maternal and paternal morphine-exposed, and (4) drug-naïve subjects. We assessed the grooming behavior and marble burying test as an indicator of obsessive-compulsive behavior. To clarify the mechanisms underlying these changes, the mRNA level of BDNF, the phosphorylation level of CREB and the protein level of D2 dopamine receptor (DR) were evaluated in the nucleus accumbens (NAc). The grooming behavior in male offspring with one or two morphine-abstinent parent(s) increased compared with the offspring of drug naïve rats. In addition, the offspring of morphine-exposed parents buried more marbles when compared with the offspring of drug-naïve parents. Also, the BDNF mRNA was down-regulated in the NAC. However, the levels of phospho-CREB and D2 DR were elevated. Previous studies indicated that exposure to morphine in adulthood enhances the risk of psychiatric disorders in offspring. OCD is one the comorbid disorders with addiction and increases the risk of substance abuse disorder in patients. In this survey, we found that morphine exposure in parents before gestation can encourage obsessive-compulsive behavior in offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiyana Rohbani
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saba Sabzevari
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Ghorbangol Ashabi
- Department of Physiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Solmaz Khalifeh
- Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Ale-Ebrahim
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Advanced Science and Technology, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad-Reza Zarrindast
- Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Cognitive and Neuroscience Research Center (CNRC), Tehran Medical Sciences Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran.
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16
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Zheng Y, He J, Guo L, Yao L, Zheng X, Yang Z, Xia Y, Wu X, Su Y, Xu N, Chen Y. Transcriptome Analysis on Maternal Separation Rats With Depression-Related Manifestations Ameliorated by Electroacupuncture. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:314. [PMID: 31024237 PMCID: PMC6460510 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal separation (MS), a stressful event in early life, has been linked to neuropsychiatric disorders later in life, especially depression. In this study we investigated whether treatment with electroacupuncture (EA) could ameliorate depression-related manifestations in adult animals that had adverse early life experiences. We demonstrated depression-like behavior deficiencies in a sucrose preference test and a forced swimming test in a rat model with neonatal MS. Repeated EA treatment at the acupoints Baihui (GV20) and Yintang (GV29) during adulthood was shown to be remarkably attenuated above behavioral deficits. Using unbiased genome-wide RNA sequencing to investigate alterations in the transcriptome of the prefrontal cortex (PFC), we explored the altered gene sets involved in circadian rhythm and neurotransmitter transporter activity in MS rats, and their expression tended to be reversed after EA treatment. In addition, we analyzed the interaction network of differentiated lncRNA- or circRNA-miRNA-mRNA by using the principle of competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA). These results suggest that EA at GV20 and GV29 ameliorates depression-related manifestations by regulating the expression of multiple genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanjia Zheng
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiang He
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lili Guo
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Yao
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaorong Zheng
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhihua Yang
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yucen Xia
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoli Wu
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yang Su
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nenggui Xu
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongjun Chen
- South China Research Center for Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Medical College of Acu-Moxi and Rehabilitation, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, Guangzhou, China
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17
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Bowman MA, Daws LC. Targeting Serotonin Transporters in the Treatment of Juvenile and Adolescent Depression. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:156. [PMID: 30872996 PMCID: PMC6401641 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.00156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is a serious public health concern. Many patients are not effectively treated, but in children and adolescents this problem is compounded by limited pharmaceutical options. Currently, the Food and Drug Administration approves only two antidepressants for use in these young populations. Both are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). Compounding matters further, they are therapeutically less efficacious in children and adolescents than in adults. Here, we review clinical and preclinical literature describing the antidepressant efficacy of SSRIs in juveniles and adolescents. Since the high-affinity serotonin transporter (SERT) is the primary target of SSRIs, we then synthesize these reports with studies of SERT expression/function during juvenile and adolescent periods. Preclinical literature reveals some striking parallels with clinical studies, primary among them is that, like humans, juvenile and adolescent rodents show reduced antidepressant-like responses to SSRIs. These findings underscore the utility of preclinical assays designed to screen drugs for antidepressant efficacy across ages. There is general agreement that SERT expression/function is lower in juveniles and adolescents than in adults. It is well established that chronic SSRI treatment decreases SERT expression/function in adults, but strikingly, SERT expression/function in adolescents is increased following chronic treatment with SSRIs. Finally, we discuss a putative role for organic cation transporters and/or plasma membrane monoamine transporter in serotonergic homeostasis in juveniles and adolescents. Taken together, fundamental differences in SERT, and putatively in other transporters capable of serotonin clearance, may provide a mechanistic basis for the relative inefficiency of SSRIs to treat pediatric depression, relative to adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melodi A Bowman
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Lynette C Daws
- Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States
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