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Pasquale EK, Strong DR, Eichen DM, Peterson CB, Kang-Sim DE, Boutelle KN. Validation of a laboratory craving assessment and evaluation of 4 different interventions on cravings among adults with overweight or obesity. Appetite 2024; 200:107575. [PMID: 38908407 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2024.107575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 04/30/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/24/2024]
Abstract
Food cue reactivity (FCR) is an appetitive trait associated with overeating and weight gain. We developed a laboratory craving assessment to objectively evaluate cognitive aspects of FCR. This study examined the preliminary construct and criterion validity of this craving assessment and evaluated 4 different interventions, 2 of which incorporated cue-exposure treatment for food, on craving over treatment and follow-up. 271 treatment-seeking adults with overweight/obesity (body mass index = 34.6[5.2]; age = 46.5[11.8]; 81.2% female; 61.6% non-Latinx White) completed the Food Cue Responsivity Scale and the laboratory craving assessment, during which they alternated holding and smelling a highly craved food and provided craving ratings over 5 min. Participants were subsequently randomized to 26 treatment sessions over 12-months of ROC, Behavioral Weight Loss (BWL), a combined arm (ROC+) and an active comparator (AC), and repeated the craving assessment at post-treatment and 12-month follow-up. Linear mixed-effects models assessed associations between trial type (holding vs. smelling), trial number, pre-treatment FCR, treatment arm, assessment time point, and craving. Cravings were greater when smelling vs. holding food (b = 0.31, p < 0.001), and cravings decreased over time (b = -0.02, p < 0.001). Participants with higher pre-treatment FCR reported elevated cravings (b = 0.29, p < 0.001). Longitudinally, we observed a significant 3-way interaction in which treatment arm modified the relationship between pre-treatment FCR and craving over time (F(17,5122) = 6.88, p < 0.001). An attenuated FCR-craving relationship was observed in ROC+ and BWL from baseline to post-treatment but was only sustained in BWL at follow-up. This attenuation was also observed in ROC and AC from post-treatment to follow-up. The preliminary validity of this laboratory craving assessment was supported; however, greater craving reductions over time in ROC/ROC+ compared to BWL and AC were not consistently observed, and thus do not appear to fully account for the moderating effect of FCR on weight losses observed in the trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen K Pasquale
- San Diego State University/University of California, San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, 6363 Alvarado Court, Suite 103, San Diego, CA, 92120, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
| | - David R Strong
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Dawn M Eichen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Carol B Peterson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, F282/2A West 2450 Riverside Ave, Minneapolis, MN, 55454, USA
| | - D Eastern Kang-Sim
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Kerri N Boutelle
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA; Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
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Fox CK, Molitor SJ, Vock DM, Peterson CB, Crow SJ, Gross AC. Appetitive and psychological phenotypes of pediatric patients with obesity. Pediatr Obes 2024; 19:e13101. [PMID: 38290813 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.13101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a heterogeneous disease with variable treatment response. Identification of the unique constellation of contributors to obesity may allow for targeted interventions and improved outcomes. OBJECTIVE Identify empirically derived phenotypes of pediatric patients with obesity based on appetitive and psychological correlates of obesity. METHODS This cross-sectional study included patients aged 5-12 years who were treated in a weight management clinic and completed standard intake questionnaires including Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire (CEBQ), Vanderbilt ADHD Scale and Pediatric Symptom Checklist. Phenotypes were elicited using latent profile analysis of 12 indicators: eight CEBQ subscales, inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity, internalizing and externalizing symptoms. RESULTS Parents/guardians of 384 patients (mean age 9.8 years, mean BMI 30.3 kg/m2 ) completed the intake questionnaires. A 4-phenotype model best fits the data. Hedonic Impulsive phenotype (42.5%) exhibited high food enjoyment and hyperactivity/impulsivity. Inattentive Impulsive phenotype (27.4%) exhibited overall low food approach and high food avoid behaviours, and highest inattention. Hedonic Emotional phenotype (20.8%) scored the highest on food enjoyment, internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Picky Eating phenotype (9.3%) scored the lowest on food approach, inattention, hyperactivity/impulsivity, internalizing and externalizing symptoms. CONCLUSION Appetitive traits and psychological symptoms appear to cluster in distinct patterns, giving rise to four unique phenotypic profiles, which, if replicated, may help inform the development of tailored treatment plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia K Fox
- Center for Pediatric Obesity Medicine and Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Stephen J Molitor
- Division of Pediatric Psychology and Developmental Medicine, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - David M Vock
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Carol B Peterson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Amy C Gross
- Center for Pediatric Obesity Medicine and Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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Kudlek L, Mueller J, Eustacio Colombo P, Sharp SJ, Griffin SJ, Ahern A. The moderating and mediating role of eating behaviour traits in acceptance and commitment therapy-based weight management interventions: protocol for an individual participant data meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e076411. [PMID: 38081662 PMCID: PMC10729174 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2023-076411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Precision medicine approaches to obesity aim to maximise treatment effectiveness by matching weight management interventions (WMIs) to characteristics of individuals, such as eating behaviour traits (EBTs). Acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT)-based WMIs may address EBTs such as emotional and uncontrolled eating more effectively than standard interventions, and might be most effective in people with high levels of these traits. However, few studies have examined this directly. We will examine (a) whether ACT-based interventions are more effective for people with certain levels of EBTs (ie, moderation) and (b) whether ACT-based interventions operate through changes in EBTs (ie, mediation). METHODS AND ANALYSIS This individual participant data (IPD) meta-analysis will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses of Individual Participant Data guidance. We will include studies on ACT-based WMIs that assessed EBTs in people with a body mass index ≥25 kg/m2. We identified studies by screening studies included in a previous review of third wave cognitive behavioural interventions, and updating the search to 20 June 2022. We will request IPD from eligible published and unpublished studies. We will harmonise and re-analyse data using a two-stage random effects meta-analysis pooling within-trial interactions to investigate moderating effects and using a one-stage simultaneous equation model to examine mediating effects. We will assess the risk of bias in included studies using the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool 2 and the Risk of Bias in Non-randomised Studies of Interventions tool. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval has been obtained from the Cambridge Psychology Research Ethics Committee (Application No: PRE.2023.121). Data sharing will follow data transfer agreements and coauthorship will be offered to investigators contributing data. Findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed journals and conferences and will contribute to the lead author's PhD thesis. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42022359691.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Kudlek
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Julia Mueller
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Stephen J Sharp
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Simon J Griffin
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Primary Care Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Amy Ahern
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Shinozaki N, Murakami K, Yuan X, Tajima R, Matsumoto M, Asakura K, Masayasu S, Sasaki S. The association of highly processed food consumption with food choice values and food literacy in Japanese adults: a nationwide cross-sectional study. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2023; 20:143. [PMID: 38053152 PMCID: PMC10696769 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-023-01538-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Highly processed food (HPF) consumption is increasing globally and has become a prominent public health concern. However, the relationship between HPF consumption and food choice values and food literacy is unknown. This study aimed to examine the association of HPF consumption with food choice values and food literacy. METHODS This cross-sectional study used data from a nationwide questionnaire survey conducted in 2018 among 2232 Japanese adults aged 18-80 years. We assessed eight food choice values (accessibility, convenience, health/weight control, tradition, sensory appeal, organic, comfort, and safety) using a 25-item scale, and food literacy characterised by nutrition knowledge (using a validated 143-item questionnaire), cooking and food skills (using 14- and 19-item scales, respectively), and eight eating behaviours (hunger, food responsiveness, emotional overeating, enjoyment of food, satiety responsiveness, emotional undereating, food fussiness, and slowness in eating, using the 35-item Adult Eating Behavior Questionnaire). HPF consumption was estimated using a validated brief diet history questionnaire. The associations between HPF consumption and age, body mass index, energy intake, and each score on food choice values and food literacy were evaluated by multiple linear regression. RESULTS In males, one standard deviation increase in scores for cooking skill and satiety responsiveness was associated with an increase in HPF consumption by 22.1 g/4184 kJ (95% confidence interval (CI): 6.6 to 37.5) and 15.4 g/4184 kJ (95% CI: 6.0 to 24.7), respectively. In females, one standard deviation increase in age and scores for safety and nutrition knowledge corresponded to a decrease in HPF consumption by - 16.4 g/4184 kJ (95% CI: - 23.4 to - 9.3), - 9.9 g/4184 kJ (95% CI: - 19.1 to - 0.7), and - 11.1 g/4184 kJ (95% CI: - 17.0 to - 5.3), whereas one standard deviation increase in the satiety responsiveness score corresponded to an increase in HPF consumption by 13.1 g/4184 kJ (95% CI: 6.8 to 19.4). CONCLUSIONS This cross-sectional study suggests that several aspects of food choice values and food literacy were associated with HPF consumption in Japanese adults. Further studies are needed to confirm our findings in a broader context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nana Shinozaki
- Department of Nutritional Epidemiology and Behavioural Nutrition, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
| | - Kentaro Murakami
- Department of Social and Preventive Epidemiology, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
| | - Xiaoyi Yuan
- Department of Nutritional Epidemiology and Shokuiku, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Kento Innovation Park, NK Building, 3-17 Senrioka Shinmachi, Settsu-shi, Osaka, 566-0002, Japan
| | - Ryoko Tajima
- Department of Nutritional Epidemiology and Shokuiku, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Kento Innovation Park, NK Building, 3-17 Senrioka Shinmachi, Settsu-shi, Osaka, 566-0002, Japan
| | - Mai Matsumoto
- Department of Nutritional Epidemiology and Shokuiku, National Institute of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Kento Innovation Park, NK Building, 3-17 Senrioka Shinmachi, Settsu-shi, Osaka, 566-0002, Japan
| | - Keiko Asakura
- Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Toho University, 5-21-16 Omori-Nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo, 143-8540, Japan
| | | | - Satoshi Sasaki
- Department of Social and Preventive Epidemiology, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
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Chen L, Thapaliya G, Papantoni A, Benson L, Carnell S. Neural correlates of appetite in adolescents. Appetite 2023; 191:107076. [PMID: 37806450 PMCID: PMC10997743 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.107076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Appetitive characteristics are associated with child adiposity, but their biological underpinnings are unclear. We sought to investigate the neural correlates of psychometric and behavioral measures of appetitive characteristics in youth. Adolescents (14-18y; 39F, 37M) varying in familial obesity risk and body weight (20% with overweight, 24% with obesity) viewed pictures of high energy-density (ED) foods, low-ED foods and non-foods during fMRI scanning on two separate days. On one day participants consumed a 474 ml preload of water (0 kcal, fasted) and on another (counter-balanced) 474 ml milkshake (480 kcal, fed), before scanning. A multi-item ad libitum meal (ALM) followed scanning. Parents completed Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire (CEBQ) sub-scales assessing food approach and food self-regulation. Caloric compensation was calculated as the percentage of preload intake compensated for by down-regulation of ALM intake in the fed vs. fasted condition. Analyses correcting for multiple comparisons demonstrated that, for the fasted condition, higher CEBQ Food Responsiveness scores were associated with greater activation to high-ED (vs. low-ED) foods in regions implicated in food reward (insula, rolandic operculum, putamen). In addition, higher caloric compensation was associated with greater fed vs. fasted activations in response to foods (vs. non-foods) in thalamus and supramarginal gyrus. Uncorrected analyses provided further support for associations of different measures of appetitive characteristics with brain responses to food cues in each condition. Measures of appetitive characteristics demonstrated overlapping and distinct associations with patterns of brain activation elicited by food cues in fasted and fed states. Understanding the neural basis of appetitive characteristics could aid development of biobehaviorally-informed obesity interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Chen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, USA
| | - G Thapaliya
- Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, USA
| | - A Papantoni
- Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, USA
| | - L Benson
- Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, USA
| | - S Carnell
- Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, USA.
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Hayashi D, Edwards C, Emond JA, Gilbert-Diamond D, Butt M, Rigby A, Masterson TD. What Is Food Noise? A Conceptual Model of Food Cue Reactivity. Nutrients 2023; 15:4809. [PMID: 38004203 PMCID: PMC10674813 DOI: 10.3390/nu15224809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Revised: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
As GLP-1 receptor agonists, like semaglutide, emerge as effective treatments for weight management, anecdotal reports from patients and clinicians alike point to a reduction in what has been colloquially termed "food noise", as patients report experiencing less rumination and obsessive preoccupation about food. In this narrative review, we discuss concepts used in studies to investigate human eating behavior that can help elucidate and define food noise, particularly food cue reactivity. We propose a conceptual model that summarizes the main factors that have been shown to determine the magnitude of the reactivity elicited by external and internal food cues and how these factors can affect short- and long-term behavioral and clinical outcomes. By integrating key research conducted in this field, the Cue-Influencer-Reactivity-Outcome (CIRO) model of food cue reactivity provides a framework that can be used in future research to design studies and interpret findings related to food noise and food cue reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Hayashi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16801, USA (T.D.M.)
| | - Caitlyn Edwards
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16801, USA (T.D.M.)
| | - Jennifer A. Emond
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Diane Gilbert-Diamond
- Department of Biomedical Data Science, Geisel School of Medicine, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Melissa Butt
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Andrea Rigby
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
- Penn State Health, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033, USA
| | - Travis D. Masterson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16801, USA (T.D.M.)
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Warkentin S, Santos AC, Oliveira A. Weight trajectories from birth to 5 years and child appetitive traits at 7 years of age: a prospective birth cohort study. Br J Nutr 2023; 130:1278-1288. [PMID: 36690498 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114523000272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Rapid prenatal and postnatal weight gain seem to alter appetite regulation and hypothalamic functions through different pathways; however, little is known on how early life growth trajectories may influence appetitive traits in school-age. We aimed to explore the associations between weight trajectories from birth to 5 years and appetitive traits at 7. Participants were from the Generation XXI birth cohort (n 3855). Four weight trajectories were investigated: 'normal weight gain' (closely overlaps the 50th percentile in the weight-for-age curve), 'weight gain during infancy' (low birth weight and weight gain mainly during infancy), 'weight gain during childhood' (continuous weight gain since birth) and 'persistent weight gain' (always showing higher weight than the average). Appetitive traits were assessed through the Children's Eating Behaviour Questionnaire. Associations were tested using generalised linear models, adjusted for maternal and child characteristics. Compared with 'normal weight gain', those in the other growth trajectories showed greater enjoyment of food and eating in response to food stimuli (i.e. Food Responsiveness) but were less able to compensate for prior food intake and ate faster at 7 (i.e. less Satiety Responsiveness and Slowness in Eating). Also, those with 'weight gain during infancy' showed to have greater Emotional Overeating and less Emotional Undereating and were fussier. Associations were stronger if greater weight gain occurred during infancy. Early infancy seems to be a sensitive period in the development of later appetitive traits. The control of rapid growth during infancy, besides strategies focused on the overall environment where children are living, is necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Warkentin
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto (Institute of Public Health of the University of Porto), Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal
| | - Ana Cristina Santos
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto (Institute of Public Health of the University of Porto), Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal
- Department of Public Health and Forensic Sciences and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Andreia Oliveira
- EPIUnit - Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto (Institute of Public Health of the University of Porto), Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Porto, Portugal
- Department of Public Health and Forensic Sciences and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Ferreira P, Warkentin S, Oliveira A. Appetitive traits and food groups consumption in school-aged children: prospective associations from the Generation XXI birth cohort. Eat Weight Disord 2023; 28:67. [PMID: 37542554 PMCID: PMC10404169 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-023-01586-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 08/07/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Appetite can influence children's dietary choices; however, this relationship in school-aged children is still unclear. We aimed to explore the prospective associations between child appetitive traits at age 7 and food consumption at 10 years of age. METHODS The study included 3860 children from the Generation XXI birth cohort, recruited in 2005/2006 in Porto, Portugal. The Children's Eating Behaviour Questionnaire was used to evaluate children's appetitive traits at 7 years. Food consumption was measured at 10 years through a validated Food Frequency Questionnaire. Logistic regression models were performed and adjusted for possible confounders. RESULTS Children with greater Enjoyment of Food at 7 years were 36% more likely to eat fruits ≥ 2 times/day and 54% more likely to eat vegetables > 2.5 times/day at 10 years compared to those with less frequent consumption. Children who ate more in response to negative emotions had higher odds of consuming energy-dense foods (OR = 1.33; 99% CI 1.13-1.58) and salty snacks (OR = 1.28; 99% CI 1.08-1.51) 3 years later. Those with less ability to adjust intake (higher Satiety Responsiveness) and more selective about foods (higher Food Fussiness) at 7 years were less likely to consume vegetables frequently, and were more likely to consume energy-dense foods and sugar-sweetened beverages. CONCLUSIONS Children's appetitive traits at 7 years were associated with the consumption of several food groups at 10 years of age. Eating more in response to negative emotions (Emotional Eating), with less ability to adjust intake (Satiety Responsiveness) and more food selectivity (Food Fussiness) were associated with worse dietary choices (in general, lower fruit and vegetables, and higher energy-dense foods and sugar-sweetened beverages consumption). LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level III: Evidence obtained from well-designed cohort or case-control analytic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Ferreira
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto [Institute of Public Health, University of Porto], University of Porto, Rua das Taipas nº135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health [ITR], University of Porto, Rua das Taipas nº135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sarah Warkentin
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto [Institute of Public Health, University of Porto], University of Porto, Rua das Taipas nº135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health [ITR], University of Porto, Rua das Taipas nº135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal
| | - Andreia Oliveira
- EPIUnit, Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto [Institute of Public Health, University of Porto], University of Porto, Rua das Taipas nº135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal.
- Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health [ITR], University of Porto, Rua das Taipas nº135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal.
- Department of Public Health and Forensic Sciences and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Alameda Prof. Hernâni Monteiro, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal.
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9
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Stevenson RJ. The psychological basis of hunger and its dysfunctions. Nutr Rev 2023:nuad092. [PMID: 37495211 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuad092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This article describes a new and emerging psychological perspective on hunger, together with the implications of that perspective, which is based upon learning and memory. Hunger is a psychological state characterized by a desire to eat. Historically, conceptions of hunger have largely been expressed in terms of physiology (eg, biological process X causes hunger). However, physiology neither offers a psychological account of hunger nor explains why memory impairment can eliminate hunger. Two forms of hunger are identified - specific and general. Specific hunger is for particular palatable foods. It involves recollecting episodic memories of eating that food, when an associated cue is encountered (eg, an advert). General hunger is a desire to eat triggered by temporal (eg, it is lunchtime) or interoceptive (eg, tummy rumble) cues. It involves semantic memory retrieval, which then augments the expected - remembered - pleasure for any food. Both hungers are supported by the medial temporal lobe memory system. Damage to this system can occur from eating a Western-style diet and, longer-term, from obesity and its consequences. Medial temporal lobe memory damage may cause deficits in specific hunger, but most especially in general hunger, resulting in little motivation to eat foods that the individual considers to be of low-to-moderate palatability, such as fruit and vegetables. The implications of this account for teaching people hunger, for how hunger is affected by diet, for public education, and pharmaceutical intervention, are discussed. Psychological concepts of hunger are widely used in nutritional practice. This article provides a new and emerging perspective on the psychological basis of hunger and its implications.
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Boutelle KN, Afari N, Obayashi S, Eichen DM, Strong DR, Peterson CB. Design of the CHARGE study: A randomized control trial evaluating a novel treatment for Veterans with binge eating disorder and overweight and obesity. Contemp Clin Trials 2023; 130:107234. [PMID: 37210072 PMCID: PMC10409628 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2023.107234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
A large number of Veterans experience binge eating and overweight or obesity, which are associated with significant health and psychological consequences. The gold-standard program for the treatment of binge eating, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), results in decreases in binge eating frequency but does not result in significant weight loss. We developed the Regulation of Cues (ROC) program to reduce overeating and binge eating through improvement in sensitivity to appetitive cues and decreased responsivity to external cues, an approach that has never been tested among Veterans. In this study, we combined ROC with energy restriction recommendations from behavioral weight loss (ROC+). This study is a 2-arm randomized controlled trial designed to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of ROC+, and to compare the efficacy of ROC+ and CBT on reduction of binge eating, weight, and energy intake over 5-months of treatment and 6-month follow-up. Study recruitment completed in March 2022. One hundred and twenty-nine Veterans were randomized (mean age = 47.10 (sd = 11.3) years; 41% female, mean BMI = 34.8 (sd = 4.7); 33% Hispanic) and assessments were conducted at baseline, during treatment and at post-treatment. The final 6-month follow-ups will be completed in April 2023. Targeting novel mechanisms including sensitivity to internal cures and responsivity to external cues is critically important to improve binge eating and weight-loss programs among Veterans. Clinicaltrials.govNCT03678766.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerri N Boutelle
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA; Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA.
| | - Niloofar Afari
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA; VA San Diego Healthcare System, 3350 La Jolla Village Dr, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Saori Obayashi
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Dawn M Eichen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - David R Strong
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Carol B Peterson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, F282/2A West 2450 Riverside Ave, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA
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11
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Manzano MA, Strong DR, Rhee KE, Liang J, Boutelle KN. Discordance between assessments of food cue responsiveness: Implications for assessment in youth with overweight/obesity. Appetite 2023; 186:106575. [PMID: 37100119 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.106575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Food cue responsiveness (FCR), broadly defined as behavioral, cognitive, emotional and/or physiological responses to external appetitive cues outside of physiological need, contributes to overeating and obesity among youth and adults. A variety of measures purportedly assess this construct, ranging from youth- or parent-report surveys to objective eating tasks. However, little research has assessed their convergence. It is especially important to evaluate this in children with overweight/obesity (OW/OB), as reliable and valid assessments of FCR are essential to better understand the role of this critical mechanism in behavioral interventions. The present study examined the relationship between five measures of FCR in a sample of 111 children with OW/OB (mean age = 10.6, mean BMI percentile = 96.4; 70% female; 68% white; 23% Latinx). Assessments included: objectively measured eating in the absence of hunger (EAH), parasympathetic activity when exposed to food, parent reported food responsiveness subscale from the Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire (CEBQ-FR), child self-reported Power of Food total score (C-PFS), and child self-reported Food Cravings Questionnaire total score (FCQ-T). Statistically significant spearman correlations were found between EAH and CEBQ-FR (ρ = 0.19, p < 0.05) and parasympathetic reactivity to food cues with both C-PFS (ρ = -0.32, p = 0.002) and FCQ-T (ρ = -0.34, p < 0.001). No other associations were statistically significant. These relationships remained significant in subsequent linear regression models controlling for child age and gender. The lack of concordance between measures assessing highly conceptually related constructs is of concern. Future studies should seek to elucidate a clear operationalization of FCR, examine the associations between FCR assessments in children and adolescents with a range of weight statuses, and evaluate how to best revise these measures to accurately reflect the latent construct being assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Manzano
- San Diego State University/University of California San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, United States; University of California San Diego, Department of Pediatrics, United States.
| | - David R Strong
- University of California San Diego, Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, United States
| | - Kyung E Rhee
- University of California San Diego, Department of Pediatrics, United States
| | - June Liang
- University of California San Diego, Department of Pediatrics, United States
| | - Kerri N Boutelle
- University of California San Diego, Department of Pediatrics, United States; University of California San Diego, Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, United States; University of California San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, United States
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12
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Carbonneau N, Carbonneau É, Dumas AA, Lavigne G, Guimond FA. Examining the associations between mothers' motivation to regulate their own eating behaviors, food parenting practices and perceptions of their child's food responsiveness. Appetite 2023; 185:106514. [PMID: 36905988 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.106514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Based on the Self-Determination Theory, this study examined: 1) how mothers' autonomous and controlled motivation to regulate their own eating behaviors relate to their food parenting practices, and 2) whether and how child food responsiveness (i.e., reactivity and attraction to food) interact with mothers' motivation to predict maternal food parenting practices. Participants were 296 French Canadian mothers of at least one child aged between 2 and 8 years old. Results of partial correlation analyses (controlling for demographics and controlled motivation) showed that maternal autonomous motivation to regulate their own eating behaviors was positively related to autonomy-promoting (i.e., child involvement) and structure-based (i.e., modeling, creating a healthy environment, monitoring) food parenting practices. In contrast, controlling for demographics and autonomous motivation, maternal controlled motivation was positively associated with food-related practices based on coercive control (i.e., the use of food to regulate the child's emotions, the use of food as a reward, pressure to eat, restriction for weight reasons, and restriction for health reasons). Furthermore, the child's food responsiveness was found to interact with mothers' motivation to regulate their own eating behaviors in the prediction of maternal food parenting practices such that mothers with high autonomous motivation or low controlled motivation were found to react with more structure-based (i.e., creating a healthy environment) and autonomy-based (i.e., child involvement) practices, as well as less controlling practices (i.e., the use of food to regulate the child's emotions), to a child who is highly responsive to food. In conclusion, findings suggest that guiding mothers toward developing a more autonomous and less controlled motivation to regulate their own eating behaviors might help them adopt more autonomy-promoting and structure-based and less controlling feeding practices, especially with children who are highly responsive to food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noémie Carbonneau
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, G9A 5H7, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada.
| | - Élise Carbonneau
- Centre de recherche, Nutrition, Santé et Société (NUTRISS), Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, School of Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture and Food Science, Université Laval, G1V 0A6, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Audrée-Anne Dumas
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, G9A 5H7, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
| | - Geneviève Lavigne
- Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, G9A 5H7, Trois-Rivières, QC, Canada
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13
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Russell A, Jansen E, Burnett AJ, Lee J, Russell CG. Children's eating behaviours and related constructs: conceptual and theoretical foundations and their implications. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2023; 20:19. [PMID: 36793039 PMCID: PMC9933409 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-023-01407-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a substantial body of research on children's eating behaviours (e.g., food responsiveness and fussiness) and related constructs (e.g., eating in the absence of hunger, appetite self-regulation). This research provides a foundation for understanding children's dietary intakes and healthy eating behaviours, as well as efforts at intervention, whether in relation to food avoidance, overeating and/or trajectories to excess weight gain. The success of these efforts and their associated outcomes is dependent on the theoretical foundation and conceptual clarity of the behaviours and constructs. This, in turn contributes to the coherence and precision of the definitions and measurement of these behaviours and constructs. Limited clarity in these areas ultimately creates uncertainty around the interpretation of findings from research studies and intervention programs. At present there does not appear to be an overarching theoretical framework of children's eating behaviours and associated constructs, or for separate domains of children's eating behaviours/constructs. The main purpose of the present review was to examine the possible theoretical foundations of some of the main current questionnaire and behavioural measures of children's eating behaviours and related constructs. METHODS We reviewed the literature on the most prominent measures of children's eating behaviours for use with children aged ~ 0-12 years. We focused on the explanations and justifications for the original design of the measures and whether these included theoretical perspectives, as well as current theoretical interpretations (and difficulties) of the behaviours and constructs. RESULTS We found that the most commonly used measures had their foundations in relatively applied or practical concerns rather than theoretical perspectives. CONCLUSIONS We concluded, consistent with Lumeng & Fisher (1), that although existing measures have served the field well, to advance the field as a science, and better contribute to knowledge development, increased attention should be directed to the conceptual and theoretical foundations of children's eating behaviours and related constructs. Suggestions for future directions are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Russell
- grid.1014.40000 0004 0367 2697College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia Australia
| | - Elena Jansen
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Alissa J. Burnett
- grid.1021.20000 0001 0526 7079Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Jookyeong Lee
- grid.1021.20000 0001 0526 7079Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia ,grid.1021.20000 0001 0526 7079CASS Food Research Centre, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Catherine G. Russell
- grid.1021.20000 0001 0526 7079Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
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14
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Kang Sim DE, Eichen DM, Strong DR, Manzano MA, Boutelle KN. Development and validation of the food cue responsivity scale. Physiol Behav 2023; 258:114028. [PMID: 36368562 PMCID: PMC9754925 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.114028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Food cues are ubiquitous in today's environment; however, there is heterogeneity as to the extent to which these cues impact eating behavior among individuals. This study examines the validity and reliability of the Food Cue Responsivity Scale (FCRS) to assess responsivity to distinct types of food cues. Items gathered from existing measures were combined in the FCRS to reflect two subdomains, uncontrolled eating behavior and cognitive rumination. The criterion validity of the FCRS was established using a paradigm that assesses psychophysiological responsivity to a craved food among adults with overweight or obesity. Higher overall FCRS scores were associated with greater physiological responsivity to food exposures. These findings may help identify specific phenotypes of individuals with overweight or obesity with high responsivity to food cues, which could be used to understand overeating and response to weight-loss programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Eastern Kang Sim
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093, United States.
| | - Dawn M Eichen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093, United States
| | - David R Strong
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, United States
| | - Michael A Manzano
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093, United States; San Diego State University/ University of California, San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, United States
| | - Kerri N Boutelle
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093, United States; Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, United States; Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, United States
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15
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Stevenson RJ, Hill BJ, Hughes A, Wright M, Bartlett J, Saluja S, Francis HM. Interoceptive hunger, eating attitudes and beliefs. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1148413. [PMID: 37151322 PMCID: PMC10160651 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1148413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Interoceptive individual differences have garnered interest because of their relationship with mental health. One type of individual difference that has received little attention is variability in the sensation/s that are understood to mean a particular interoceptive state, something that may be especially relevant for hunger. We examined if interoceptive hunger is multidimensional and idiosyncratic, if it is reliable, and if it is linked to dysfunctional eating and beliefs about the causes of hunger. Participants completed a survey just before a main meal, with most retested around 1 month later. We found that interoceptive hunger has 11 dimensions, and while people differ considerably in their combinations of interoceptive hungers, these represent only 4% of all possible permutations. Hunger reports were reliable. We found relationships between variability in hunger interoception and dysfunctional eating, especially for uncontrolled eating. We also found that hunger beliefs were in some cases strongly related to aspects of hunger interoception. The implications of these findings are discussed.
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16
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Pasquale EK, Manzano MA, Strong DR, Eichen DM, Tanofsky-Kraff M, Boutelle KN. Psychometric properties of the Eating in the Absence of Hunger Questionnaire in treatment-seeking adults with overweight and obesity. Appetite 2023; 180:106376. [PMID: 36379306 PMCID: PMC9808922 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Understanding eating behaviors that contribute to overweight and obesity (OW/OB) is an important public health objective. One eating behavior known to contribute to overeating is eating in the absence of hunger (EAH). The Eating in the Absence of Hunger Questionnaire for Children was developed to assess external events and internal experiences that lead children to overeat. Despite the measure's adaptation for use with adults (i.e., EAH-A), its psychometric properties within this population have not been explored. This study assessed the psychometric properties of the EAH-A in sample of 311 treatment-seeking adults with OW/OB (mean BMI = 34.5 [5.1]; mean age = 46.3 [12.1]; 81.7% female; 20.6% Latinx, 59.2% white). The EAH-A contains 14 items and assesses three domains: negative affect eating (EAH-NAE), external eating, and fatigue/boredom eating, through two parallel sets of items assessing initiating EAH and continuing EAH. Exploratory Factor Analysis was performed with promax rotation and maximum likelihood factor extraction. Results supported a unitary factor of EAH, with scale responses driven by EAH-NAE items. Results may be explained in part by scale structure and domain imbalance favoring EAH-NAE items, or the true internal structure of EAH may consist of a singular latent construct. Follow-up analyses indicated redundancy of the scale's parallel sections. If researchers are primarily interested in EAH-NAE, only the three "start eating" or "keep eating" items may be needed. This study highlights the importance of validating the psychometric properties of a measure within intended populations to ensure interpretations are valid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen K. Pasquale
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92037 USA,San Diego State University/University of California, San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, 6363 Alvarado Court, Suite 103, San Diego, CA 92120, USA
| | - Michael A. Manzano
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92037 USA,San Diego State University/University of California, San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, 6363 Alvarado Court, Suite 103, San Diego, CA 92120, USA
| | - David R. Strong
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92037 USA
| | - Dawn M. Eichen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92037 USA
| | - Marian Tanofsky-Kraff
- Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, 4301 Jones Bridge Rd, Bethesda, MD, 20814 USA
| | - Kerri N. Boutelle
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92037 USA,Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92037 USA,Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA, 92037 USA
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17
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Melanson KJ, Matsumoto CN, Greene GW. Eating pace instruction is effective in slowing eating rate in women with overweight and obesity. Eat Behav 2023; 48:101701. [PMID: 36682221 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2023.101701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Slow eating is associated with lower body mass index (BMI), enhanced satiety, and reduced food intake in laboratory settings. This study developed and tested a 5-week slow-eating intervention, delivered either through individual or small group weekly meetings, in women with overweight and obesity. Women (n = 65; 20.5 ± 3.6 years; BMI 31.3 ± 2.7 kg/m2) were assigned to experimental or parallel non-treatment control. Main outcomes, measured pre- and post-intervention, included eating rate, meal duration, and energy intake during a standardized meal served on a universal eating monitor. Exploratory outcomes included Weight Related Eating Questionnaire (WREQ), Intuitive Eating Scale (IES), and Mindful Eating Questionnaire (MEQ) scores. All women in the experimental group underwent the same slow-eating intervention, but half had individual sessions while the other half had small group sessions. No differences were seen for any outcomes between session modalities, so experimental data were pooled (n = 25) and compared to control data (n = 25). Time-by-group interactions showed reduced eating rate (F(1,48df) = 13.04, η2 = 0.214, p = .001) and increased meal duration (F(1,48df) = 7.949, η2 = 0.142, p = .007) in the experimental group compared to the control group but change in energy intake was not significant (F(1,48df) = 3.298, η2 = 0.064, p = .076). Experimental within-group changes for WREQ subscale scores External Cues (t(23) = 3.779, p = .001) and Emotional Eating (t(23) = 2.282, p = .032) decreased over time, along with increased total and summary IES (t(23) = 2.6330, p = .015) and MEQ (t(23) = 2.663, p = .014) scores. Promising findings of reduced eating rate, increased meal duration, and improved WREQ, IES, and MEQ scores should be followed up in larger more diverse samples for longer durations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen J Melanson
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA.
| | - Carolyn N Matsumoto
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
| | - Geoffrey W Greene
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, USA
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18
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Pearce AL, Fuchs BA, Keller KL. The role of reinforcement learning and value-based decision-making frameworks in understanding food choice and eating behaviors. Front Nutr 2022; 9:1021868. [PMID: 36483928 PMCID: PMC9722736 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1021868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The obesogenic food environment includes easy access to highly-palatable, energy-dense, "ultra-processed" foods that are heavily marketed to consumers; therefore, it is critical to understand the neurocognitive processes the underlie overeating in response to environmental food-cues (e.g., food images, food branding/advertisements). Eating habits are learned through reinforcement, which is the process through which environmental food cues become valued and influence behavior. This process is supported by multiple behavioral control systems (e.g., Pavlovian, Habitual, Goal-Directed). Therefore, using neurocognitive frameworks for reinforcement learning and value-based decision-making can improve our understanding of food-choice and eating behaviors. Specifically, the role of reinforcement learning in eating behaviors was considered using the frameworks of (1) Sign-versus Goal-Tracking Phenotypes; (2) Model-Free versus Model-Based; and (3) the Utility or Value-Based Model. The sign-and goal-tracking phenotypes may contribute a mechanistic insight on the role of food-cue incentive salience in two prevailing models of overconsumption-the Extended Behavioral Susceptibility Theory and the Reactivity to Embedded Food Cues in Advertising Model. Similarly, the model-free versus model-based framework may contribute insight to the Extended Behavioral Susceptibility Theory and the Healthy Food Promotion Model. Finally, the value-based model provides a framework for understanding how all three learning systems are integrated to influence food choice. Together, these frameworks can provide mechanistic insight to existing models of food choice and overconsumption and may contribute to the development of future prevention and treatment efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaina L. Pearce
- Social Science Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Bari A. Fuchs
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Kathleen L. Keller
- Social Science Research Institute, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
- Department of Food Science, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
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19
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Leuba AL, Meyer AH, Kakebeeke TH, Stülb K, Arhab A, Zysset AE, Leeger-Aschmann CS, Schmutz EA, Kriemler S, Jenni OG, Puder JJ, Munsch S, Messerli-Bürgy N. The relationship of parenting style and eating behavior in preschool children. BMC Psychol 2022; 10:275. [PMID: 36419113 PMCID: PMC9682652 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-022-00981-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Eating behavior represents individual appetitive traits which are related to the individual's regulation of food intake. Eating behavior develops at an early age. There is some evidence that parenting styles might impact on the child's eating behavior. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship of different dimensions of positive and negative parenting styles with the child's eating behavior at a critical age period of the child's early development. METHODS Parents of 511 preschool children (aged 2-6 years) completed the Children Eating Behavior Questionnaire and the Alabama Parenting Questionnaire. RESULTS Analyses revealed that different dimensions of negative parenting styles were associated with eating behavior of the child. In details, inconsistent parenting showed a consistent association with eating behavior of a child (i.e. higher emotional eating, higher food responsiveness, higher food fussiness, higher satiety responsiveness and more enjoyment of food), whereas corporal punishment was associated with more emotional overeating and more food responsiveness but less satiety responsiveness. Further, powerful implementation was related to higher food responsiveness and less enjoyment of food and low monitoring was associated with higher emotional overeating and more slowness in eating. There was no such consistent association of positive parenting and eating behavior. CONCLUSIONS More negative parenting styles were associated with eating behavior which is more often related to potential weight problems in a long term, whereas positive parenting did not show such a consistent relationship with eating behavior. Negative parenting should be in the focus of prevention and treatment of eating behavior problems in young children. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN41045021 (06/05/2014).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anaëlle L. Leuba
- grid.8534.a0000 0004 0478 1713Department of Psychology, University of Fribourg, Rue P.A. de Faucigny 2, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland ,grid.9851.50000 0001 2165 4204Institute of Psychology, FADO, University of Lausanne, Géopolis, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Andrea H. Meyer
- grid.8534.a0000 0004 0478 1713Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Fribourg, Rue P.A. de Faucigny 2, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland ,grid.6612.30000 0004 1937 0642Department for Psychology, University of Basel, Missionsstrasse 62A, 4055 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tanja H. Kakebeeke
- grid.412341.10000 0001 0726 4330Child Development Center, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland ,grid.412341.10000 0001 0726 4330Children’s Research Center, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kerstin Stülb
- grid.8534.a0000 0004 0478 1713Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Fribourg, Rue P.A. de Faucigny 2, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Amar Arhab
- grid.8515.90000 0001 0423 4662Obstetric Service, Department Women-Mother-Child, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Annina E. Zysset
- grid.412341.10000 0001 0726 4330Child Development Center, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Claudia S. Leeger-Aschmann
- grid.7400.30000 0004 1937 0650Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Hirschengraben 84, 8001 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Einat A. Schmutz
- grid.7400.30000 0004 1937 0650Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Hirschengraben 84, 8001 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Susi Kriemler
- grid.7400.30000 0004 1937 0650Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Prevention Institute, University of Zurich, Hirschengraben 84, 8001 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Oskar G. Jenni
- grid.412341.10000 0001 0726 4330Child Development Center, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland ,grid.412341.10000 0001 0726 4330Children’s Research Center, University Children’s Hospital Zurich, Steinwiesstrasse 75, 8032 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jardena J. Puder
- grid.8515.90000 0001 0423 4662Obstetric Service, Department Women-Mother-Child, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Simone Munsch
- grid.8534.a0000 0004 0478 1713Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Fribourg, Rue P.A. de Faucigny 2, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Nadine Messerli-Bürgy
- grid.8534.a0000 0004 0478 1713Department of Psychology, University of Fribourg, Rue P.A. de Faucigny 2, 1700 Fribourg, Switzerland ,grid.9851.50000 0001 2165 4204Institute of Psychology, FADO, University of Lausanne, Géopolis, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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20
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Abstract
The modern obesogenic environment contains an abundance of food cues (e.g., sight, smell of food) as well cues that are associated with food through learning and memory processes. Food cue exposure can lead to food seeking and excessive consumption in otherwise food-sated individuals, and a high level of food cue responsivity is a risk factor for overweight and obesity. Similar food cue responses are observed in experimental rodent models, and these models are therefore useful for mechanistically identifying the neural circuits mediating food cue responsivity. This review draws from both experimental rodent models and human data to characterize the behavioral and biological processes through which food-associated stimuli contribute to overeating and weight gain. Two rodent models are emphasized - cue-potentiated feeding and Pavlovian-instrumental transfer - that provide insight in the neural circuits and peptide systems underlying food cue responsivity. Data from humans are highlighted that reveal physiological, psychological, and neural mechanisms that connect food cue responsivity with overeating and weight gain. The collective literature identifies connections between heightened food cue responsivity and obesity in both rodents and humans, and identifies underlying brain regions (nucleus accumbens, amygdala, orbitofrontal cortex, hippocampus) and endocrine systems (ghrelin) that regulate food cue responsivity in both species. These species similarities are encouraging for the possibility of mechanistic rodent model research and further human research leading to novel treatments for excessive food cue responsivity in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott E Kanoski
- Department of Biological Sciences, Human and Evolutionary Biology Section, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kerri N Boutelle
- Department of Pediatrics, Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, and Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.
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21
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Fisher JO, Hughes SO, Miller AL, Horodynski MA, Brophy-Herb HE, Contreras DA, Kaciroti N, Peterson KE, Rosenblum KL, Appugliese D, Lumeng JC. Characteristics of eating behavior profiles among preschoolers with low-income backgrounds: a person-centered analysis. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2022; 19:91. [PMID: 35870976 PMCID: PMC9308918 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-022-01323-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individual differences in eating behaviors among young children are well-established, but the extent to which behaviors aggregate within individuals to form distinct eating behavior profiles remains unknown. Our objectives were to identify eating behavior profiles among preschool-aged children and evaluate associations with temperament and weight. METHODS A secondary, cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from 2 cohort studies was conducted involving 1004 children aged 3-4 years and their parents with low-income backgrounds. Children's eating behaviors and temperament were assessed by parental report. Body mass index z-scores and weight status were calculated using measured heights and weights. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to generate profiles and bivariate analyses were used to evaluate associations with temperament and weight status. RESULTS LPA revealed the presence of 3 eating behavior profiles among children. Children with High Food Approach profiles (21.2%) had lower temperamental inhibitory control and the highest percent of children with obesity relative to the other profiles. Children with High Food Avoidant profiles (35.6%) had lower temperamental impulsivity and lower BMI z-scores relative to the other profiles, whereas children with Moderate Eating profiles (intermediary levels of all behaviors; 43.2%) had higher temperamental inhibitory control and lower anger/frustration, than other profiles. CONCLUSIONS Young children's eating behaviors appear to aggregate within individuals to form empirically distinct profiles reflecting food approach, food avoidance, and moderate approaches to eating that are differentiated by aspects of temperament and weight. Future work should seek to understand the extent to which health promotion and obesity prevention approaches should be tailored to take into account children's fundamental dispositions towards eating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Orlet Fisher
- Center for Obesity Research and Education, College of Public Health, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Sheryl O Hughes
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alison L Miller
- Department of Health Behavior and Health Education, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - Holly E Brophy-Herb
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Dawn A Contreras
- Health and Nutrition Institute, Michigan State University Extension, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Niko Kaciroti
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Karen E Peterson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | | | - Julie C Lumeng
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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22
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Bjørklund O, Wichstrøm L, Llewellyn C, Steinsbekk S. The prospective relation between eating behaviors and BMI from middle childhood to adolescence: A 5-wave community study. Prev Med Rep 2022; 27:101795. [PMID: 35656230 PMCID: PMC9152788 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2022.101795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Oda Bjørklund
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Dragvoll 7491 Trondheim, Norway
- St Olav University Hospital, 7030 Trondheim, Norway
- Corresponding author at: Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Dragvoll 7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Lars Wichstrøm
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Dragvoll 7491 Trondheim, Norway
- St Olav University Hospital, 7030 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Clare Llewellyn
- Department of Behavioural Science & Health, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, WC1E 7HB, UK
| | - Silje Steinsbekk
- Department of Psychology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Dragvoll 7491 Trondheim, Norway
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23
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Gbenro MO, Martingano AJ, Persky S. Exploring the impact of genetic beliefs about specific eating behaviors on dietary self-efficacy. J Behav Med 2022; 45:497-502. [PMID: 35103881 PMCID: PMC9995156 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-022-00290-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Future personalized approaches to weight management are likely to include consideration of genetic influences on eating behaviors. This study explores whether genetic beliefs about eating behaviors influence dietary self-efficacy and confidence. In a survey of 261 individuals of various weight statuses, we find that endorsing genetic causes of two specific eating behaviors (taste preference and disinhibition) predicts poorer dietary self-efficacy for people who exhibit these eating behaviors. This suggests there may be utility to considering eating behaviors individually when it comes to predicting the influence of genetic information provision in the service of precision medicine interventions. Individuals with high disinhibited eating and/or bitter taster status may be particularly sensitive to interpreting genetic predisposition information in ways that undercut self-efficacy and confidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macred O Gbenro
- Social and Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, 31 Center Drive, B1B36, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Alison Jane Martingano
- Social and Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, 31 Center Drive, B1B36, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Susan Persky
- Social and Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, 31 Center Drive, B1B36, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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24
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Boutelle KN, Eichen DM, Peterson CB, Strong DR, Kang-Sim DJE, Rock CL, Marcus BH. Effect of a Novel Intervention Targeting Appetitive Traits on Body Mass Index Among Adults With Overweight or Obesity: A Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Netw Open 2022; 5:e2212354. [PMID: 35583870 PMCID: PMC9118075 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.12354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Behavioral weight loss (BWL) programs result in weight loss for some, but most individuals regain the weight. The behavioral susceptibility theory proposes that genetically determined appetitive traits, such as food responsiveness (FR) and satiety responsiveness (SR), interact with the environment and lead to overeating and weight gain; the regulation of cues (ROC) intervention was developed specifically to target FR and SR. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy of ROC, ROC combined with BWL (ROC+), BWL, and an active comparator (AC) over 12 months of treatment and 12 months of follow-up. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This randomized clinical trial was conducted from December 2015 to December 2019 in a university clinic. A total of 1488 volunteers from the community inquired about the study; 1217 were excluded or declined to participate. Eligibility criteria included body mass index (BMI) of 25 to 45, age 18 to 65 years, and lack of comorbidities or other exclusionary criteria that would interfere with participation. Data were analyzed from September 2021 to January 2022. INTERVENTIONS ROC uniquely targeted FR and SR. BWL included energy restriction, increasing physical activity, and behavior therapy techniques. ROC+ combined ROC with BWL. AC included mindfulness, social support, and nutrition education. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Change in body weight as measured by BMI. RESULTS A total of 271 adults (mean [SD] age, 46.97 [11.80] years; 81.6% female [221 participants]; mean [SD] BMI, 34.59 [5.28]; 61.9% White [167 participants]) were assessed at baseline, midtreatment, posttreatment, and 6-month and 12-month follow-up. Sixty-six participants were randomized to AC, 69 to ROC, 67 to ROC+, and 69 to BWL. Results showed that ROC, ROC+, and BWL interventions resulted in significantly lower BMI at the end of treatment (BMI ROC, -1.18; 95% CI, -2.10 to -0.35; BMI ROC+, -1.56; 95% CI, -2.43 to -0.67; BMI BWL, -1.58; 95% CI, -2.45 to -0.71). Compared with BWL, BMI at the end of treatment was not significantly different from ROC or ROC+ (BMI ROC, 0.40; 95% CI, -0.55 to 1.36; BMI ROC+, 0.03; 95% CI, -0.88 to 0.93); however, the BMI of the AC group was substantially higher (BMI AC, 1.58; 95% CI, 0.72 to 2.45). BMI reductions at 24 months after randomization were similar for ROC, ROC+, and BWL. Importantly, FR was a moderator of treatment effects with more weight loss for participants who scored higher in FR in the ROC and ROC+ groups. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE These findings suggest that ROC and ROC+ provide alternative weight loss approaches for adults. These models could be particularly effective for individuals who struggle with FR and could be used as a precision approach for weight loss. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02516839.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerri N. Boutelle
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Dawn M. Eichen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Carol B. Peterson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
| | - David R. Strong
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
| | | | - Cheryl L. Rock
- Department of Family Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla
| | - Bess H. Marcus
- Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
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25
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Fearnbach N, Staiano AE, Johannsen NM, Hsia DS, Beyl RA, Carmichael OT, Martin CK. Predictors of Post-Exercise Energy Intake in Adolescents Ranging in Weight Status from Overweight to Severe Obesity. Nutrients 2022; 14:223. [PMID: 35011098 PMCID: PMC8747392 DOI: 10.3390/nu14010223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 01/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Exercise may sensitize individuals with overweight and obesity to appetitive signals (e.g., hunger and fullness cues), overriding trait eating behaviors that contribute to overeating and obesity, such as uncontrolled eating. The objective of the current study was to measure predictors of objective ad libitum energy intake at a laboratory-based, post-exercise test-meal in adolescents ranging in weight status from overweight to severe obesity. We hypothesized that appetitive states, rather than appetitive traits, would be the strongest predictors of energy intake at a post-exercise test-meal, after controlling for body size. At Baseline, 30 adolescents (ages 10-16 years, 50% female (F), 43% non-Hispanic white (NHW), 83% with obesity (OB)) completed state and trait appetite measures and an ad libitum dinner meal following intensive exercise. Nineteen of those participants (47% F, 32% NHW, 79% OB) completed identical assessments two years later (Year 2). Energy intake (kcal) at each time point was adjusted for fat-free mass index (i.e., body size). Adjusted energy intake was reliable from Baseline to Year 2 (ICC = 0.84). Multiple pre-meal appetite ratings were associated with test-meal energy intake. In stepwise linear regression models, pre-meal prospective food consumption was the strongest and only significant predictor of test-meal energy intake at both Baseline (R2 = 0.25, p = 0.005) and Year 2 (R2 = 0.41, p = 0.003). Baseline post-exercise energy intake was associated with weight change over two years (R2 = 0.24, p = 0.04), but not with change in fat mass (p = 0.11). Appetitive traits were not associated with weight or body composition change (p > 0.22). State appetite cues were the strongest predictors of post-exercise energy intake, independent of body size. Future studies should examine whether long-term exercise programs enhance responsiveness to homeostatic appetite signals in youth with overweight and obesity, with a goal to reduce excess energy intake and risk for weight gain over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Fearnbach
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA; (A.E.S.); (N.M.J.); (D.S.H.); (R.A.B.); (O.T.C.); (C.K.M.)
| | - Amanda E. Staiano
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA; (A.E.S.); (N.M.J.); (D.S.H.); (R.A.B.); (O.T.C.); (C.K.M.)
| | - Neil M. Johannsen
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA; (A.E.S.); (N.M.J.); (D.S.H.); (R.A.B.); (O.T.C.); (C.K.M.)
- School of Kinesiology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA
| | - Daniel S. Hsia
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA; (A.E.S.); (N.M.J.); (D.S.H.); (R.A.B.); (O.T.C.); (C.K.M.)
| | - Robbie A. Beyl
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA; (A.E.S.); (N.M.J.); (D.S.H.); (R.A.B.); (O.T.C.); (C.K.M.)
| | - Owen T. Carmichael
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA; (A.E.S.); (N.M.J.); (D.S.H.); (R.A.B.); (O.T.C.); (C.K.M.)
| | - Corby K. Martin
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA; (A.E.S.); (N.M.J.); (D.S.H.); (R.A.B.); (O.T.C.); (C.K.M.)
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26
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Lanoye A, Adams E, Fuemmeler BF. Obesity and Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2022; 57:221-241. [PMID: 35505058 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2022_337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
An association between ADHD and obesity has been established throughout the past 20 years via animal model experiments and both correlational and longitudinal studies in humans. However, much remains to be determined regarding causality, developmental course, and effective treatments targeting both conditions. This chapter provides an overview and update on the current state of the science on the relationship between obesity and ADHD; expands the scope of the connection between obesity and ADHD to include behavioral components important to weight regulation - i.e., physical activity, eating behaviors, and sleep; and presents applications of these findings to treatment approaches and future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Autumn Lanoye
- Department of Health Behavior and Policy, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Elizabeth Adams
- Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
- Research Center for Child Well-Being, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Bernard F Fuemmeler
- Department of Health Behavior and Policy, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA.
- Massey Cancer Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
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27
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External food cue responsiveness and emotional eating in adolescents: A multimethod study. Appetite 2022; 168:105789. [PMID: 34728251 PMCID: PMC8671220 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Eating in response to external food cues (i.e., external eating) and internal emotional experiences (i.e., emotional eating) are associated with obesity. While external and emotional eating co-occur, little is known about how external food cue responsiveness may interact with internal emotional cues to influence eating episodes in adolescents. The current study examined how trait-level external food cue responsiveness modulates momentary associations between affective states and eating in adolescents. Participants were drawn from a prior study of siblings (N = 78; ages 13-17) who completed an ecological momentary assessment protocol to assess eating episodes and affective states. External food cue responsiveness was determined by comparing energy consumption following presentation of an appetizing food (pizza) on one day and a control activity (reading) on another day. Generalized linear mixed models examined positive and negative affective states, cue responsiveness, and their interactions as predictors of the likelihood of eating. The relationship between affective states and likelihood of eating was stronger among adolescents with higher versus lower external food cue responsiveness. Among adolescents with higher cue responsiveness, endorsing negative affect was associated with a lower likelihood of eating, whereas endorsing positive affect was associated with a higher likelihood of eating (within-person effects). Findings suggest that high sensitivity to external food cues and greater proclivity for emotional eating may be likely to coincide such that any cue, internal or external, is likely to disrupt sensitivity to internal hunger and satiety signals. Future studies are needed to elucidate how sensitivities to internal and external cues may interact to influence obesity risk.
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28
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Brief ‘Appetitive Trait Tailored Intervention’: Development in a Sample of Adults with Overweight and Obesity. BEHAVIOUR CHANGE 2021. [DOI: 10.1017/bec.2021.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Appetitive traits are associated with weight and could be managed using behavioural strategies. Personalised approaches to weight loss could use a person's appetitive trait profile to tailor weight management advice. This study aimed to explore participants’ experiences of a brief Appetitive Trait Tailored Intervention (ATTI) based on participants’ Adult Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (AEBQ) scores. The ATTI was developed using strategies from modified Cognitive Behavioural Therapy and behaviour change techniques. Acceptability testing of the ATTI was carried out with participants (body mass index ≥25) who completed the AEBQ online and were sent their appetitive trait profile and corresponding weight loss tips via e-mail. Participants were asked to follow the tips for 8 weeks and following the tips, perceived helpfulness, barriers, and initial and final body weight. Qualitative interviews explored their experiences. Thirty-seven participants provided feedback and reported the majority of the tips to be helpful. Thirty-two participants (92.5% female) provided their final weight; 10 reported weight loss ≥5% of initial weight. Qualitative interviews (n = 21) revealed that tailoring was seen as novel and participants felt that the ATTI increased their self-awareness and encouraged behavioural changes. The low intensity of the ATTI limited engagement for some. The ATTI is an acceptable, novel approach to weight management.
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29
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Pedersen H, Quist JS, Jensen MM, Clemmensen KKB, Vistisen D, Jørgensen ME, Færch K, Finlayson G. Investigation of eye tracking, electrodermal activity and facial expressions as biometric signatures of food reward and intake in normal weight adults. Food Qual Prefer 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2021.104248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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30
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Manzano MA, Strong DR, Kang Sim DE, Rhee KE, Boutelle KN. Psychometric properties of the Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire (CEBQ) in school age children with overweight and obesity: A proposed three-factor structure. Pediatr Obes 2021; 16:e12795. [PMID: 33945226 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 02/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity in youth is a significant public health concern, with eating behaviors being a major contributor. The Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire (CEBQ) was developed to evaluate the appetitive characteristics of young children, across a myriad of eating domains. Despite the breadth of its use, the psychometric properties of the measure in children with overweight/obesity (OW/OB), particularly treatment seeking youth, remains largely unexplored. METHODS The psychometric properties of the CEBQ were examined in a sample of school age children (8-12) with OW/OB. Parent-child dyads (N = 148) completed assessments prior to beginning a family weight management program. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was performed utilizing polychoric correlations, and emerging subscales were assessed to ensure that the range of response scores demonstrated adequate variability. Indices of the number of factors to be retained included acceleration factor (2), optimal coordinates (4), Velicer's MAP (5) and parallel analysis (11). These indices were used in combination with clinical utility to determine the final factor structure. RESULTS A three-factor structure emerged. The first factor combined many food responsiveness, enjoyment of food, satiety responsiveness and slowness in eating items, with the latter two domains loading negatively. The second factor retained the food fussiness subscale, and the third factor included items from the emotional over- and under-eating subscales. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that in children with OW/OB, eating behaviors may be optimally assessed using three domains: reward-based eating, emotional eating and picky eating. Future research should explore how this structure holds in non-treatment-seeking samples and across wider socio-demographic profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Manzano
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.,San Diego State University/University of California San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, California, USA
| | - David R Strong
- Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - D Eastern Kang Sim
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Kyung E Rhee
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Kerri N Boutelle
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.,San Diego State University/University of California San Diego Joint Doctoral Program in Clinical Psychology, San Diego, California, USA.,Herbert Wertheim School of Public Health and Human Longevity Science, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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31
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Coakley KE, Lardier DT, Le H, Wilks A. Food approach and avoidance appetitive traits in university students: A latent profile analysis. Appetite 2021; 168:105667. [PMID: 34464657 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Eating behaviors are influenced by many factors including appetitive traits. Few studies have utilized latent profile analysis (LPA) to examine food approach and food avoidance appetitive traits. This study utilized LPA to define cluster profile groups based on appetitive traits in undergraduate and graduate/professional students at a large University in the southwest United States. Students completed a cross-sectional online survey in fall 2020 assessing demographic information, appetitive traits via the Adult Eating Behavior Questionnaire (AEBQ), and anxiety via the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7; higher scores indicate more severe anxiety symptoms). Appetitive traits were combined into eight scales (four food approach and four food avoidance traits). Latent profile analyses were conducted to identify homogenous subgroups of participants based on AEBQ scale scores. The final sample included 1243 students (mean age = 26.5 years, 73% female, 59% White, 57% undergraduates). LPA revealed four cluster profile groups: Cluster 1 (moderate eaters: lower than mean scores for food approach and avoidance traits), Cluster 2 (food seekers and avoiders: higher than mean scores for food approach and avoidance traits), Cluster 3 (food seekers: higher than mean scores for food approach traits), and Cluster 4 (food avoiders: higher than mean scores for food avoidance traits). Distribution of age, gender, race/ethnicity, and student status differed significantly between clusters. GAD-7 score was highest in Cluster 2 (food seekers and avoiders) and lowest in Cluster 1 (moderate eaters). Among the four LPA-defined cluster profile groups, students who endorsed both food approach and avoidance traits reported more severe anxiety symptoms compared to moderate eaters, food seekers, and food avoiders. It is useful to consider clusters of appetitive traits instead of individual appetitive traits when examining associations with physical and mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E Coakley
- College of Education & Human Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA.
| | - David T Lardier
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Huyen Le
- College of Education & Human Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
| | - Aspen Wilks
- College of Education & Human Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
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