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Zortea JM, Baggio DF, da Luz FMR, Lejeune VBP, Spagnol FJ, Chichorro JG. Comparative study of the effects of ibuprofen, acetaminophen, and codeine in a model of orofacial postoperative pain in male and female rats. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00210-024-03254-w. [PMID: 38935129 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-024-03254-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024]
Abstract
Pain management is a primary goal after oral surgeries, but little is known about sex differences in the sensitivity to analgesics. This study aimed to compare the efficacy of three drugs with analgesic potential on heat and mechanical hyperalgesia, spontaneous pain and locomotion on male and female rats subjected to a model of orofacial postoperative pain. Male and female Wistar rats were submitted to intraoral incision or sham surgery, and on postoperative day 3, the effect of the ibuprofen (30 and 100 mg/kg), acetaminophen (100 and 300 mg/kg) and codeine (3 and 10 mg/kg) was assessed on responses to heat and mechanical facial stimulation, facial grooming, and locomotion. Ibuprofen reduced heat and mechanical hyperalgesia and grooming behavior in male and female rats in a non-sedative dose; acetaminophen dose-dependently reduced the mechanical hyperalgesia and abolished the heat hyperalgesia and the grooming behavior but caused sedation in both sexes; codeine dose-dependently reduced the mechanical hyperalgesia in male and female rats, and reduced the heat hyperalgesia, but females were less sensitive than males. It reduced spontaneous facial grooming in both sexes, but induced hyperlocomotion in females. Ibuprofen presented the most favorable profile, since it reduced over 50% heat and mechanical hyperalgesia in male and female rats, and significantly reduced spontaneous pain, without causing sedation or affecting locomotion. The identification of sex differences in the sensitivity and safety profile of frequently used analgesics can help guide the choice of more effective individualized therapies for pain control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Maria Zortea
- Department of Pharmacology, Biological Sciences Sector, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Darciane Favero Baggio
- Department of Pharmacology, Biological Sciences Sector, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | | | - Fernanddo José Spagnol
- Department of Pharmacology, Biological Sciences Sector, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Juliana Geremias Chichorro
- Department of Pharmacology, Biological Sciences Sector, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil.
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2
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Fiatcoski F, Jesus CHA, de Melo Turnes J, Chichorro JG, Kopruszinski CM. Sex differences in descending control of nociception (DCN) responses after chronic orofacial pain induction in rats and the contribution of kappa opioid receptors. Behav Brain Res 2024; 459:114789. [PMID: 38036264 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2023.114789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Descending control of nociception (DCN), a measure of efficiency of descending pain inhibition, can be assessed in animals by the combined application of test and conditioning noxious stimuli. Evidence from pre-clinical and clinical studies indicates that this mechanism of pain control may differ between sexes and might be impaired in many chronic pain states. However, little is known about sex differences in DCN efficiency in models of acute and chronic orofacial pain. Herein, we first evaluated DCN responses in male and female rats by the applying formalin into the upper lip or capsaicin into the forepaw as the conditioning stimulus, followed by mechanical stimulation (Randall-Selitto) of the hind paw as the test stimulus. The same protocol (i.e., capsaicin in the forepaw followed by mechanical stimulation of the hind paw) was evaluated in male and female rats on day 3 after intraoral incision and on day 15 and 30 after chronic constriction injury of the infraorbital nerve (CCI-ION). Additionally, we assessed the effect of the kappa opioid receptor (KOR) antagonist Norbinaltorphimine (nor-BNI) on DCN responses of female nerve-injured rats. This study shows that naïve female rats exhibit less efficient DCN compared to males. Postoperative pain did not alter DCN responses in female and male rats, but CCI-ION induced loss of DCN responses in females but not in males. Systemic pretreatment with nor-BNI prevented the loss of DCN induced by CCI-ION in female rats. The results reveal sex differences in DCN responses and female-specific impairment of DCN following chronic orofacial pain. Moreover, the findings suggest that, at least for females, blocking KOR could be a promising therapeutic approach to prevent maladaptive changes in chronic orofacial pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Fiatcoski
- Department of Pharmacology, Biological Sciences Sector, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | - Joelle de Melo Turnes
- Department of Pharmacology, Biological Sciences Sector, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | - Juliana Geremias Chichorro
- Department of Pharmacology, Biological Sciences Sector, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
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3
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Khomula EV, Araldi D, Green PG, Levine JD. Sensitization of human and rat nociceptors by low dose morphine is toll-like receptor 4-dependent. Mol Pain 2024; 20:17448069241227922. [PMID: 38195088 PMCID: PMC10851754 DOI: 10.1177/17448069241227922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/06/2024] [Indexed: 01/11/2024] Open
Abstract
While opioids remain amongst the most effective treatments for moderate-to-severe pain, their substantial side effect profile remains a major limitation to broader clinical use. One such side effect is opioid-induced hyperalgesia (OIH), which includes a transition from opioid-induced analgesia to pain enhancement. Evidence in rodents supports the suggestion that OIH may be produced by the action of opioids at Toll-like Receptor 4 (TLR4) either on immune cells that, in turn, produce pronociceptive mediators to act on nociceptors, or by a direct action at nociceptor TLR4. And, sub-analgesic doses of several opioids have been shown to induce hyperalgesia in rodents by their action as TLR4 agonists. In the present in vitro patch-clamp electrophysiology experiments, we demonstrate that low dose morphine directly sensitizes human as well as rodent dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, an effect of this opioid analgesic that is antagonized by LPS-RS Ultrapure, a selective TLR4 antagonist. We found that low concentration (100 nM) of morphine reduced rheobase in human (by 36%) and rat (by 26%) putative C-type nociceptors, an effect of morphine that was markedly attenuated by preincubation with LPS-RS Ultrapure. Our findings support the suggestion that in humans, as in rodents, OIH is mediated by the direct action of opioids at TLR4 on nociceptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugen V Khomula
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Dionéia Araldi
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Paul G Green
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Preventative & Restorative Dental Sciences, and Division of Neuroscience, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jon D Levine
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neuroscience, and UCSF Pain and Addiction Research Center, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Khomula EV, Levine JD. Sensitization of Human and Rat Nociceptors by Low Dose Morphine is TLR4-dependent. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.12.19.572472. [PMID: 38187676 PMCID: PMC10769211 DOI: 10.1101/2023.12.19.572472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
While opioids remain amongst the most effective treatments for moderate-to-severe pain, their substantial side effect profile remains a major limitation to broader clinical use. One such side effect is opioid-induced hyperalgesia (OIH), which includes a transition from opioid-induced analgesia to pain enhancement. Evidence in rodents supports the suggestion that OIH may be produced by the action of opioids at Toll-like Receptor 4 (TLR4) either on immune cells that, in turn, produce pronociceptive mediators to act on nociceptors, or by a direct action at nociceptor TLR4. And, sub-analgesic doses of several opioids have been shown to induce hyperalgesia in rodents by their action as TLR4 agonists. In the present in vitro patch-clamp electrophysiology experiments, we demonstrate that low dose morphine directly sensitizes human as well as rodent dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons, an effect of this opioid analgesic that is antagonized by LPS-RS Ultrapure, a selective TLR4 antagonist. We found that morphine (100 nM) reduced rheobase in human (by 36%) and rat (by 26%) putative C-type nociceptors, an effect of morphine that was markedly attenuated by preincubation with LPS-RS Ultrapure. Our findings support the suggestion that in humans, as well as in rodents, OIH is mediated by the direct action of opioids at TLR4 on nociceptors.
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Tao R, Liu S, Crawford J, Tao F. Gut-Brain Crosstalk and the Central Mechanisms of Orofacial Pain. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1456. [PMID: 37891825 PMCID: PMC10605055 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13101456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulated evidence has demonstrated that the gut microbiome can contribute to pain modulation through the microbiome-gut-brain axis. Various relevant microbiome metabolites in the gut are involved in the regulation of pain signaling in the central nervous system. In this review, we summarize recent advances in gut-brain interactions by which the microbiome metabolites modulate pain, with a focus on orofacial pain, and we further discuss the role of gut-brain crosstalk in the central mechanisms of orofacial pain whereby the gut microbiome modulates orofacial pain via the vagus nerve-mediated direct pathway and the gut metabolites/molecules-mediated indirect pathway. The direct and indirect pathways both contribute to the central regulation of orofacial pain through different brain structures (such as the nucleus tractus solitarius and the parabrachial nucleus) and signaling transmission across the blood-brain barrier, respectively. Understanding the gut microbiome-regulated pain mechanisms in the brain could help us to develop non-opioid novel therapies for orofacial pain.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Feng Tao
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University School of Dentistry, 3302 Gaston Ave., Dallas, TX 75246, USA
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Lopes RV, Baggio DF, Ferraz CR, Bertozzi MM, Saraiva-Santos T, Verri Junior WA, Chichorro JG. Maresin-2 inhibits inflammatory and neuropathic trigeminal pain and reduces neuronal activation in the trigeminal ganglion. CURRENT RESEARCH IN NEUROBIOLOGY 2023; 4:100093. [PMID: 37397816 PMCID: PMC10313899 DOI: 10.1016/j.crneur.2023.100093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Pain is a common symptom associated with disorders involving the orofacial structures. Most acute orofacial painful conditions are easily recognized, but the pharmacological treatment may be limited by the adverse events of current available drugs and/or patients' characteristics. In addition, chronic orofacial pain conditions represent clinical challenges both, in terms of diagnostic and treatment. There is growing evidence that specialized pro-resolution lipid mediators (SPMs) present potent analgesic effects, in addition to their well characterized role in the resolution of inflammation. Maresins (MaR-1 and MaR-2) were the last described members of this family, and MaR-2 analgesic action has not yet been reported. Herein the effect of MaR-2 in different orofacial pain models was investigated. MaR-2 (1 or 10 ng) was always delivered via medullary subarachnoid injection, which corresponds to the intrathecal treatment. A single injection of MaR-2 caused a significant reduction of phases I and II of the orofacial formalin test in rats. Repeated injections of MaR-2 prevented the development of facial heat and mechanical hyperalgesia in a model of post-operative pain in rats. In a model of trigeminal neuropathic pain (CCI-ION), repeated MaR-2 injections reversed facial heat and mechanical hyperalgesia in rats and mice. CCI-ION increased c-Fos positive neurons and CGRP+ activated (nuclear pNFkB) neurons in the trigeminal ganglion (TG), which were restored to sham levels by MaR-2 repeated treatment. In conclusion, MaR-2 showed potent and long-lasting analgesic effects in inflammatory and neuropathic pain of orofacial origin and the inhibition of CGRP-positive neurons in the TG may account for MaR-2 action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Vieira Lopes
- Department of Pharmacology, Biological Sciences Sector, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
| | - Darciane Favero Baggio
- Department of Pharmacology, Biological Sciences Sector, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
| | - Camila Rodrigues Ferraz
- Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy and Cancer, Department of Pathology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Mariana Marques Bertozzi
- Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy and Cancer, Department of Pathology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Telma Saraiva-Santos
- Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy and Cancer, Department of Pathology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Waldiceu Aparecido Verri Junior
- Laboratory of Pain, Inflammation, Neuropathy and Cancer, Department of Pathology, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Juliana Geremias Chichorro
- Department of Pharmacology, Biological Sciences Sector, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, Parana, Brazil
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Liu M, Li X, Wang J, Ji Y, Gu J, Wei Y, Peng L, Tian C, Lv P, Wang P, Liu X, Li W. Identification and validation of Rab11a in Rat orofacial inflammatory pain model induced by CFA. Neurochem Int 2023:105550. [PMID: 37268020 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2023.105550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Orofacial pain (OFP) is a clinically very common and the most troubling condition; however, there is few effective way to relieve OFP. Rab11a, a small molecule guanosine triphosphate enzyme, is one of the Rab member family playing a vital role in intracellular endocytosis and the pain process. Therefore, we investigated the hub genes of rat OFP model induced by Complete Freund's Adjuvant (CFA) via re-analyzing microarray data (GSE111160). We found that Rab11a acted as a key hub gene in the process of OFP. During the validation of Rab11a, the OFP model was established by peripheral injection of CFA, which decreased the head withdrawal threshold (HWT) and head withdrawal lantency (HWL). Rab11a was observed in NeuN of Sp5C instead of GFAP/IBA-1, and double-IF of Rab11a and Fos positive cells were increased on the 7th day after CFA modeling statistically. Rab11a protein expression in TG and Sp5C of CFA group was also significantly increased. Interestingly, injection of Rab11a-targeted short hairpin RNA (Rab11a-shRNA) into Sp5C could reverse the decrease in HWT and HWL and reduce the expression level of Rab11a. Electrophysiological recording further demonstrated that the activity of Sp5C neuron was improved in CFA group, while Rab11a-shRNA considerably decreased the enhancement of Sp5C neuronal activity. Finally, we detected the expression level of p-PI3K, p-AKT, and p-mTOR in Sp5C of rats after injecting the Rab11a-shRNA virus. To our surprise, CFA upregulated the phosphorylation of PI3K, AKT and mTOR in Sp5C, and Rab11a-shRNA downregulated these molecules' expression. Our data suggest that CFA activates the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway through up-regulating Rab11a expression, which can induce OFP hyperalgesia development furtherly. Targeting Rab11a may be a novel treatment strategy for OFP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Liu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Tangdu Hospital of the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Stomatology, The 960th Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Jian Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital of the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ji
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Junxiang Gu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yi Wei
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Northwest University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Liwei Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital of the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chao Tian
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital of the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Peiyuan Lv
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital of the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital of the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Stomatology, The 960th Hospital of People's Liberation Army, Jinan, Shandong, China.
| | - Weixin Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Tangdu Hospital of the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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Marinelli S, Coccurello R. From the Gender Gap to Neuroactive Steroids: Exploring Multiple Cases to Further Understand Neuropathic Pain. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108577. [PMID: 37239924 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain (NeuP) is still an intractable form of highly debilitating chronic pain, resulting from a lesion or disease of the somatosensory nervous system [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Marinelli
- National Council of Research (CNR), Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, 00015 Monterotondo, Italy
| | - Roberto Coccurello
- Institute for Complex Systems (ISC), National Council of Research (CNR), 00185 Rome, Italy
- European Center for Brain Research/Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, 00143 Rome, Italy
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LEJEUNE VBP, LOPES RV, BAGGIO DF, KOREN LDO, ZANOVELI JM, CHICHORRO JG. Antinociceptive and anxiolytic-like effects of Lavandula angustifolia essential oil on rat models of orofacial pain. J Appl Oral Sci 2023; 30:e20220304. [PMID: 36629536 PMCID: PMC9828878 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2002-0304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nociceptive and inflammatory orofacial pain is highly prevalent in the population, which justifies the search for safer analgesics. There is increasing evidence of the analgesic and anxiolytic potential of Lavandula angustifolia essential oil (LAV EO), which may represent, when administered through inhalation, may represent a safer alternative for pain treatment. OBJECTIVE to evaluate whether LAV EO has antinociceptive effect in the formalin test, and anti-hyperalgesic and anxiolytic-like effects in rats subjected to a model of orofacial postoperative pain. METHODOLOGY Female Wistar rats were exposed to LAV EO (5%) by inhalation for 30 minutes. After exposure, animals were injected with formalin (2.5%, 50 μL) or saline into the hind paw or upper lip and the number of flinches or facial grooming time, respectively, were evaluated. Likewise, on day 3 after intraoral mucosa incision, the animals were exposed to LAV EO and facial mechanical, and heat hyperalgesia were assessed. The influence of LAV EO inhalation on anxiety-like behavior was assessed in operated rats by testing them on the open field (OF) and elevated plus maze (EPM). RESULTS LAV EO reduced the phase II of the paw formalin test and both phases of the orofacial formalin test. On day three post-incision, LAV EO reduced heat and mechanical hyperalgesia, from 30 minutes up to three hours, and reduced the anxiety-like behavior in operated rats without causing locomotor deficit. CONCLUSION LAV EO inhalation results in antinociceptive and anxiolytic-like effects in orofacial pain models, which encourages further studies on LAV EO indications and effectiveness on orofacial pain conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Bordenowsky Pereira LEJEUNE
- Universidade Federal do ParanáDepartamento de FarmacologiaCuritibaParanáBrasilUniversidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Farmacologia, Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil.
| | - Raphael Vieira LOPES
- Universidade Federal do ParanáDepartamento de FarmacologiaCuritibaParanáBrasilUniversidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Farmacologia, Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil.
| | - Darciane Favero BAGGIO
- Universidade Federal do ParanáDepartamento de FarmacologiaCuritibaParanáBrasilUniversidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Farmacologia, Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil.
| | - Laura de Oliveira KOREN
- Universidade Federal do ParanáDepartamento de FarmacologiaCuritibaParanáBrasilUniversidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Farmacologia, Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil.
| | - Janaina Menezes ZANOVELI
- Universidade Federal do ParanáDepartamento de FarmacologiaCuritibaParanáBrasilUniversidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Farmacologia, Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil.
| | - Juliana Geremias CHICHORRO
- Universidade Federal do ParanáDepartamento de FarmacologiaCuritibaParanáBrasilUniversidade Federal do Paraná (UFPR), Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Farmacologia, Curitiba, Paraná, Brasil.
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Hummig W, Baggio DF, Lopes RV, dos Santos SMD, Ferreira LEN, Chichorro JG. Antinociceptive effect of ultra-low dose naltrexone in a pre-clinical model of postoperative orofacial pain. Brain Res 2023; 1798:148154. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2022.148154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Asiedu K. Role of ocular surface neurobiology in neuronal-mediated inflammation in dry eye disease. Neuropeptides 2022; 95:102266. [PMID: 35728484 DOI: 10.1016/j.npep.2022.102266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is the consequence of dry eye disease regardless of its etiology. Several injurious or harmless processes to the ocular surface neurons promote ocular surface neurogenic inflammation, leading to the vicious cycle of dry eye disease. These processes include the regular release of neuromediators during the conduction of ocular surface sensations, hyperosmolarity-induced ocular surface neuronal damage, neuro-regenerative activities, and neuronal-mediated dendritic cell activities. Neurogenic inflammation appears to be the main culprit, instigating the self-perpetuating inflammation observed in patients with dry eye disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kofi Asiedu
- School of Optometry & Vision Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia.
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12
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Acioglu C, Heary RF, Elkabes S. Roles of neuronal toll-like receptors in neuropathic pain and central nervous system injuries and diseases. Brain Behav Immun 2022; 102:163-178. [PMID: 35176442 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are innate immune receptors that are expressed in immune cells as well as glia and neurons of the central and peripheral nervous systems. They are best known for their role in the host defense in response to pathogens and for the induction of inflammation in infectious and non-infectious diseases. In the central nervous system (CNS), TLRs modulate glial and neuronal functions as well as innate immunity and neuroinflammation under physiological or pathophysiological conditions. The majority of the studies on TLRs in CNS pathologies investigated their overall contribution without focusing on a particular cell type, or they analyzed TLRs in glia and infiltrating immune cells in the context of neuroinflammation and cellular activation. The role of neuronal TLRs in CNS diseases and injuries has received little attention and remains underappreciated. The primary goal of this review is to summarize findings demonstrating the pivotal and unique roles of neuronal TLRs in neuropathic pain, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and CNS injuries. We discuss how the current findings warrant future investigations to better define the specific contributions of neuronal TLRs to these pathologies. We underline the paucity of information regarding the role of neuronal TLRs in other neurodegenerative, demyelinating, and psychiatric diseases. We draw attention to the importance of broadening research on neuronal TLRs in view of emerging evidence demonstrating their distinctive functional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cigdem Acioglu
- The Reynolds Family Spine Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, United States
| | - Robert F Heary
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Hackensack Meridian School of Medicine, Mountainside Medical Center, Montclair, NJ 07042, United States
| | - Stella Elkabes
- The Reynolds Family Spine Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07103, United States.
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Blockade of kappa opioid receptors reduces mechanical hyperalgesia and anxiety-like behavior in a rat model of trigeminal neuropathic pain. Behav Brain Res 2022; 417:113595. [PMID: 34592375 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2021.113595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
It has been shown that kappa opioid receptor (KOR) antagonists, such as nor-binaltorphimine (nor-BNI), have antinociceptive effects in some pain models that affect the trigeminal system. Also, its anxiolytic-like effect has been extensively demonstrated in the literature. The present study aimed to investigate the systemic, local, and central effect of nor-BNI on trigeminal neuropathic pain using the infraorbital nerve constriction model (CCI-ION), as well as to evaluate its effect on anxiety-like behavior associated with this model. Animals received nor-BNI systemically; in the trigeminal ganglion (TG); in the subarachnoid space to target the spinal trigeminal nucleus caudalis (Sp5C) or in the central amygdala (CeA) 14 days after CCI-ION surgery. Systemic administration of nor-BNI caused a significant reduction of facial mechanical hyperalgesia and promoted an anxiolytic-like effect, which was detected in the elevated plus-maze and the light-dark transition tests. When administered in the TG or CeA, the KOR antagonist was able to reduce facial mechanical hyperalgesia induced by CCI-ION, but without changing the anxiety-like behavior. Moreover, no change was observed on nociception and anxiety-like behavior after nor-BNI injection into the Sp5C. The present study demonstrated antinociceptive and anxiolytic-like effects of nor-BNI in a model of trigeminal neuropathic pain. The antinociceptive effect seems to be dissociated from the anxiolytic-like effect, at both the sites involved and at the dose need to achieve the effect. In conclusion, the kappa opioid system may represent a promising target to be explored for the control of trigeminal pain and associated anxiety. However, further studies are necessary to better elucidate its functioning and modulatory role in chronic trigeminal pain states.
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Han X, Shao J, Ren X, Li Y, Yu W, Lin C, Li L, Sun Y, Xu B, Luo H, Zhu C, Cao J, Li Z. The different mechanisms of peripheral and central TLR4 on chronic postsurgical pain in rats. J Anat 2021; 239:111-124. [PMID: 33730389 PMCID: PMC8197940 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic postsurgical pain (CPSP) is a common complication after surgery; however, the underlying mechanisms of CPSP are poorly understood. As one of the most important inflammatory pathways, the Toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor-kappa B (TLR4/NF-κB) signaling pathway plays an important role in chronic pain. However, the precise role of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway in CPSP remains unclear. In the present study, we established a rat model of CPSP induced by skin/muscle incision and retraction (SMIR) and verified the effects and mechanisms of central and peripheral TLR4 and NF-κB on hyperalgesia in SMIR rats. The results showed that TLR4 expression was increased in both the spinal dorsal horn and dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) of SMIR rats. However, the TLR4 expression pattern in the spinal cord was different from that in DRGs. In the spinal cord, TLR4 was expressed in both neurons and microglia, whereas it was expressed in neurons but not in satellite glial cells in DRGs. Further results demonstrate that the central and peripheral TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway is involved in the SMIR-induced CPSP by different mechanisms. In the peripheral nervous system, we revealed that the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway induced upregulation of voltage-gated sodium channel 1.7 (Nav1.7) in DRGs, triggering peripheral hyperalgesia in SMIR-induced CPSP. In the central nervous system, the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway participated in SMIR-induced CPSP by activating microglia in the spinal cord. Ultimately, our findings demonstrated that activation of the peripheral and central TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway involved in the development of SMIR-induced CPSP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuemin Han
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
- Children’s Hospital of Soochow UniversitySoochowChina
| | - Jinping Shao
- Department of Human AnatomySchool of Basic MedicineZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
- Institute of NeuroscienceZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Xiuhua Ren
- Department of Human AnatomySchool of Basic MedicineZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
- Institute of NeuroscienceZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Yaru Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Wenli Yu
- Department of Human AnatomySchool of Basic MedicineZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
- Institute of NeuroscienceZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Caihong Lin
- Department of Human AnatomySchool of Basic MedicineZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
- Institute of NeuroscienceZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Human AnatomySchool of Basic MedicineZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
- Institute of NeuroscienceZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Yanyan Sun
- Department of Human AnatomySchool of Basic MedicineZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
- Institute of NeuroscienceZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Bo Xu
- Department of AnesthesiologyGeneral Hospital of Southern Theatre Command of PLAGuangzhouChina
| | - Huan Luo
- Klinik für AugenheilkundeCharité–Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität BerlinHumboldt‐Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of HealthGermany
| | - Changlian Zhu
- Center for Brain Repair and RehabilitationInstitute of Neuroscience and PhysiologyGothenburg UniversityGothenburgSweden
| | - Jing Cao
- Department of Human AnatomySchool of Basic MedicineZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
- Institute of NeuroscienceZhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
| | - Zhisong Li
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhouChina
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15
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Chen X, Yao Z, Peng X, Wu L, Wu H, Ou Y, Lai J. Eupafolin alleviates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats via blocking the TLR4/NF‑κB signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2020; 22:5135-5144. [PMID: 33173992 PMCID: PMC7646971 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2020.11637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Eupatorium perfoliatum L. (E. perfoliatium) has been used traditionally for treating fever, malaria and inflammation‑associated diseases. Eupafolin, the extract of E. perfoliatium, was also reported to suppress inflammation. The present study aimed to investigate the protective effects of eupafolin on cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats and its possible underlying mechanisms. Cerebral I/R injury was induced in rats by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 1.5 h, followed by reperfusion. The rats were randomly assigned into six groups: Control, model, 10 mg/kg eupafolin, 20 mg/kg eupafolin, 50 mg/kg eupafolin and 20 mg/kg nimodipine. Eupafolin and nimodipine were intragastrically administrated to the rats 1 week before MCAO induction. Following reperfusion for 24 h, the neurological deficit was scored, and brain samples were harvested for evaluating encephaledema, infarct volume, oxidative stress, apoptosis, inflammation and the expression of TLR4/NF‑κB signaling. The results revealed that eupafolin decreased the neurological score, relieved encephaledema and decreased infarct volume. Eupafolin also attenuated oxidative stress, neuronal apoptosis and inflammation, with decreases in lactate dehydrogenase, malondialdehyde, TUNEL‑positive cells, Bax and caspase‑3, along with TNF‑α, IL‑1β and IL‑6, but increases in superoxide dismutase and Bcl‑2 levels. Furthermore, eupafolin may decrease the expression of TLR4 downstream proteins and proteins involved in the NF‑κB pathway. Treatment with TLR4 agonist‑LPS significantly blunted the protective effect of eupafolin on encephaledema and cerebral infarct. Meanwhile, 20 mg/kg eupafolin showed nearly equivalent effects to the positive‑control drug nimodipine. In conclusion, eupafolin protected against cerebral I/R injury in rats and the underlying mechanism may be associated with the suppression of apoptosis and inflammation via inhibiting the TLR4/ NF‑κB signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingwang Chen
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518104, P.R. China
| | - Zhijun Yao
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518104, P.R. China
| | - Xian Peng
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518104, P.R. China
| | - Long Wu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518104, P.R. China
| | - Huachu Wu
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518104, P.R. China
| | - Yuantong Ou
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518104, P.R. China
| | - Jianbo Lai
- Department of Intensive Care Unit, Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518104, P.R. China
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