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Parker MN, Moursi NA, Adekola PE, Bloomer BF, Te-Vazquez J, Nwosu EE, Lazareva J, Jones JL, Yang SB, Turner SA, Brady SM, Chen KY, Tanofsky-Kraff M, Yanovski JA. Youth's energy intake during a laboratory-based loss-of-control eating paradigm: Associations with reported current dieting. Eat Behav 2024; 53:101877. [PMID: 38640597 PMCID: PMC11144072 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2024.101877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Dieting is theorized as a risk factor for loss-of-control (LOC)-eating (i.e., feeling a sense of lack of control while eating). Support for this association has largely relied on retrospective self-report data, which does not always correlate with objectively assessed eating behavior in youth. We hypothesized that during a laboratory-based LOC-eating paradigm, children and adolescents who reported current (at the time of the visit) dieting would consume meals consistent with LOC-eating (greater caloric intake, and intake of carbohydrates and fats, but less intake of protein). Participants were presented with a buffet-style meal and instructed to "Let yourself go and eat as much as you want." Current dieting (i.e., any deliberate change to the amount or type of food eaten to influence shape or weight, regardless of how effective the changes are) was assessed via interview. General linear models were adjusted for fat mass (%), lean mass (kg), height, sex, protocol, race and ethnicity, pre-meal hunger and minutes since consumption of a breakfast shake. Of 337 participants (Mage 12.8 ± 2.7y; 62.3 % female; 45.7 % non- Hispanic White and 26.1 % non-Hispanic Black; MBMIz 0.78 ± 1.11), only 33 (9.8 %) reported current dieting. Current dieting was not significantly associated with total energy intake (F = 1.63, p = .20, ηp2 = 0.005), or intake from carbohydrates (F = 2.45, p = .12, ηp2 = 0.007), fat (F = 2.65, p = .10, ηp2 = 0.008), or protein (F = 0.39, p = .53, ηp2 = 0.001). Contrary to theories that dieting promotes LOC-eating, current dieting was not associated with youth's eating behavior in a laboratory setting. Experimental approaches for investigating dieting are needed to test theories that implicate dieting in pediatric LOC-eating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan N Parker
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive, Room 1-3330, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Nasreen A Moursi
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive, Room 1-3330, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Praise E Adekola
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive, Room 1-3330, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Bess F Bloomer
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive, Room 1-3330, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jennifer Te-Vazquez
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive, Room 1-3330, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Ejike E Nwosu
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive, Room 1-3330, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Julia Lazareva
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive, Room 1-3330, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jeremiah L Jones
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive, Room 1-3330, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Shanna B Yang
- Nutrition Department, NIH Clinical Center, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sara A Turner
- Nutrition Department, NIH Clinical Center, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Sheila M Brady
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive, Room 1-3330, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Kong Y Chen
- Energy Metabolism Section, Diabetes, Endocrinology, & Obesity Branch, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Disorders, NIH, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Marian Tanofsky-Kraff
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive, Room 1-3330, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences (USUHS), Bethesda, MD 20814, USA.
| | - Jack A Yanovski
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), 10 Center Drive, Room 1-3330, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Herb Neff KM, Buta E, Fenn LM, Ramsey CN, Snow JL, Haskell SG, Masheb RM. Distinguishing probable atypical anorexia nervosa from weight loss alone in a national sample of U.S. Military Veterans: Disentangling the roles of weight suppression and cognitive concerns. Int J Eat Disord 2024; 57:827-838. [PMID: 38129986 DOI: 10.1002/eat.24116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Veterans are at high risk for eating disorders (EDs), and specifically for atypical anorexia nervosa (atypical AN). The current study aimed to better understand this under-studied disorder and how it differs from weight loss without ED cognitive features. METHOD Secondary analyses were conducted with data from a national study of Veterans (N = 882, 49.4% women). Participants were categorized into four mutually exclusive groups using the Eating Disorder Diagnostic Scale 5: probable atypical AN, a cognitive concerns group (Cog Only), a weight suppressed group (WS Only), and a no ED control group. Adjusted regression models were used to compare groups on measures of eating pathology and mental health. Three weight suppression thresholds (5%, 10%, and 15%) for probable atypical AN were also tested. RESULTS The sample was comprised of 12% probable atypical AN, 23.6% Cog Only, 16.3% WS Only, and 48.1% Control. The probable atypical AN group was most like the Cog Only group except for higher levels of dietary restraint. Atypical AN fared worse and was least like the Control group followed by the WS Only group. All weight suppression thresholds significantly predicted dietary restraint, with 5% being the best predictor. DISCUSSION Results found that probable atypical AN is a distinct clinical entity and that the exact weight suppression threshold associated with atypical AN is less important than having any weight suppression. Findings highlight the clinical significance of atypical AN and the importance of gaining a better understanding of how to address this clinical entity. PUBLIC SIGNIFICANCE Atypical anorexia nervosa is a relatively underexamined but highly prevalent eating disorder in the Veteran population. Results show that ED cognitive features are more closely linked to clinically significant eating pathology and poor mental health than weight suppression alone suggesting that negative thinking about weight gain and appearance, regardless of the presence or severity of weight loss, may signal the need for specialized intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eugenia Buta
- Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Lindsay M Fenn
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Christine N Ramsey
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
- University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Jennifer L Snow
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Sally G Haskell
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Robin M Masheb
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, Connecticut, USA
- Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Forney KJ, Rogers ML, Grillot CL, Pucci G, Joiner TE, Keel PK. Testing replicability of the relationship between weight suppression and binge eating in three non-clinical samples varying in lifetime weight history. Eat Behav 2023; 50:101784. [PMID: 37515999 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2023.101784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Increased weight suppression, the difference between an individual's highest and current weight at present height, predicts binge eating among eating disorder samples. Less is known about this relationship in non-clinical samples of individuals with a history of higher weight. METHODS Lifetime highest BMI was tested as a moderator of the relationship between weight suppression and binge eating in three independent samples (N = 1740). RESULTS At the bivariate level, weight suppression was not associated with binge eating in any sample (p's ≥ 0.20). Lifetime highest BMI moderated the relationship between weight suppression and binge eating in Sample 1 (p = .04), such that greater weight suppression was associated with lower binge eating among those with a history of higher weight (i.e., BMI = 40 kg/m2). In Samples 2 and 3, the lifetime highest BMI by weight suppression interaction term was not significant and dropped from the model (p's = 0.10-0.12). Accounting for age, gender, and lifetime highest BMI, greater weight suppression was associated with lower binge eating scores (p's < 0.04). A meta-analysis combining results revealed a small but significant interaction effect (r = 0.07, p = .02). CONCLUSIONS Findings highlight the importance of investigating the generalizability of eating disorder risk and maintenance theories across the weight spectrum. Weight loss may not increase risk for binge eating among those with a history of higher weight. Future work should replicate and extend this finding using longitudinal designs. More research is needed to elucidate which weight loss motivations and/or behaviors are most closely linked to binge eating.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Jean Forney
- Department of Psychology, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA.
| | - Megan L Rogers
- Department of Psychology, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA
| | | | | | - Thomas E Joiner
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Pamela K Keel
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
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Bandelin-Franke L, Schenk L, Baer NR. To Eat or Not to Eat-A Qualitative Exploration and Typology of Restrictive Dietary Practices among Middle-Aged and Older Adults. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15112466. [PMID: 37299430 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Favorable diets often include restrictive practices that have proven health benefits, even if initiated later in life. The aim of this qualitative study is to gain a comprehensive understanding of Restrictive Dietary Practices (RDPs) among a sample of middle-aged and older German adults (aged 59-78 years). We conducted 24 narrative in-depth interviews and analyzed the data using qualitative content analysis (Kuckartz). Following an inductive thematic approach, a typology was reconstructed comprising four typical RDP characteristics: I. The Holistically Restraining Type, II. The Dissonant-savoring Restraining Type, III. The Reactively Restraining Type, and IV. The Unintentionally Restraining Type. These types differed regarding the practical implementation of, e.g., restrictive food choice into everyday routines, barriers to do so, as well as with respect to attitudes and motives underlying RDPs. The major motives for adopting a RDP involved health, well-being, ethical, and ecological concerns. The most prominent barriers to a 'successful' adoption of RDPs were the enjoyment of food and the desire for spontaneity and freedom of (food) choice. Our study offers an in-depth understanding of the aspects that shape the widespread practice of dietary restriction among middle-aged and older adults. Lifeworld-related changes in RDPs and possible 'type shiftings' are discussed as well as the meaning and chances of RDPs for public health promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Bandelin-Franke
- Institute of Medical Sociology and Rehabilitation Science, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Liane Schenk
- Institute of Medical Sociology and Rehabilitation Science, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nadja-Raphaela Baer
- Institute of Medical Sociology and Rehabilitation Science, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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Hua H, Wu M, Wu T, Ji Y, Jin L, Du Y, Zhang Y, Huang S, Zhang A, Ding G, Liu Q, Jia Z. Reduction of NADPH oxidase 4 in adipocytes contributes to the anti-obesity effect of dihydroartemisinin. Heliyon 2023; 9:e14028. [PMID: 36915539 PMCID: PMC10006843 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e14028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Artemisinin derivatives have been found to have anti-obesity effects recently, but the mechanism is still controversial. Herein, long-term DHA treatment in obese mice significantly reduced the body weight and improved glucose metabolism. However, short-term DHA treatment did not affect glucose metabolism in obese mice, suggesting that the improved glucose metabolism in mice with DHA treatment could be secondary to body weight reduction. Consistent with previous reports, we observed that DHA inhibited the differentiation of adipocytes. Mechanistically, DHA significantly reduced the expression of NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) in white adipose tissue (WAT) of mice and differentiated adipocytes, and using NOX4 siRNA or the NOX4 inhibitor GKT137831 significantly attenuated adipocyte differentiation. Over-expression of NOX4 partially reversed the inhibition effect of DHA on adipogenic differentiation of preadipocytes. In addition, targeted proteomics analysis showed that DHA improved the abnormality of metabolic pathways. In conclusion, DHA significantly reduced fat mass and improved glucose metabolism in obese mice, possibly by inhibiting NOX4 expression to suppress adipocyte differentiation and lipid accumulation in adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Hua
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengqiu Wu
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tong Wu
- Department of Child Health Care, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yong Ji
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lv Jin
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Du
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Songming Huang
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Aihua Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guixia Ding
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Qianqi Liu
- Department of Child Health Care, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Department of Endocrinology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhanjun Jia
- Department of Nephrology, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Schmid JC, Rose KL, Hadler NL, Amaro X, Frank A, Wilkie E, Chang T, Sonneville KR. Content analysis of the impact of COVID-19 on weight and shape control behaviors and social media content of U.S. adolescents and young adults. Eat Behav 2022; 45:101635. [PMID: 35567879 PMCID: PMC9074298 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2022.101635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 04/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current study examines impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on weight/shape control behaviors among adolescents and young adults in the U.S., and perceived changes to related social media content. METHOD A sample of youth (14-24 years) from MyVoice, a national text-message-based cohort, provided open-ended responses to questions on changes in eating and exercise habits due to concern about weight/shape, and social media content related to weight/shape, during the pandemic. Responses were collected using a secure online platform and analyzed using content analysis. RESULTS Among respondents (n = 939/1153, response rate = 81%), 40.0% adopted behaviors for the purpose of weight/shape control during the pandemic. Nearly half (49.2%) reported seeing posts about weight/shape on social media during the pandemic. DISCUSSION Findings from this study indicate that weight/shape concerns among adolescents and young adults in the U.S. may have increased due to the COVID-19 pandemic, with social media content as a potentially contributing factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane C Schmid
- University of Michigan, School of Public Health, United States of America
| | - Kelsey L Rose
- Boston Children's Hospital, United States of America
| | - Nicole L Hadler
- Department of Mental Health Services, Naval Medical Center San Diego, United States of America
| | - Xochitl Amaro
- University of Michigan, School of Public Health, United States of America
| | - Abby Frank
- Community High School, United States of America
| | - Erin Wilkie
- University of Michigan, School of Public Health, United States of America
| | - Tammy Chang
- Department of Family Medicine, Michigan Medicine, Institute for Healthcare Policy and Innovation, University of Michigan, United States of America
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Stewart TM, Martin CK, Williamson DA. The Complicated Relationship between Dieting, Dietary Restraint, Caloric Restriction, and Eating Disorders: Is a Shift in Public Health Messaging Warranted? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:491. [PMID: 35010751 PMCID: PMC8745028 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The origins of theories specifying dietary restraint as a cause of eating disorders can be traced to the 1970s. This paper will present an overview of the origins of dietary restraint theories and a brief historical review of evidence will be summarized. Recent research will be presented, including the results from the CALERIE Phase 1 study, as well as CALERIE Phase 2, which were NIH-sponsored randomized controlled trials. CALERIE 2 provided a test of the effect of two years of caloric restriction (CR) on the development of eating disorder syndromes and symptoms in comparison to a control group that did not alter eating behavior or body weight. The intervention was effective for inducing a chronic (two-year) reduction in total energy expenditure and increased dietary restraint but did not increase symptoms of eating disorders. The results of this recent investigation and other studies have not provided experimental support for conventional dietary restraint theories of eating disorders. These findings are discussed in terms of potential revisions of dietary restraint theory, as well as the implications for a paradigm shift in public health messaging related to dieting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany M. Stewart
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, USA; (C.K.M.); (D.A.W.)
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8
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Tracy AL, Temple JL. Introduction to ingestive behavior research across the generations (society for the study of ingestive behavior collection 2020). Physiol Behav 2021; 241:113561. [PMID: 34419457 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2021.113561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea L Tracy
- Department of Psychology, Grinnell College, Grinnell, IA 50112, USA.
| | - Jennifer L Temple
- Department of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
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