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Mckee JR, Girard O, Peiffer JJ, Dempsey AR, Smedley K, Scott BR. Continuous blood flow restriction during repeated-sprint exercise increases peripheral but not systemic physiological and perceptual demands. Eur J Sport Sci 2024; 24:703-712. [PMID: 38874946 DOI: 10.1002/ejsc.12106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
This study examined the impact of continuous blood flow restriction (BFR) during repeated-sprint exercise (RSE) on acute performance, peripheral, systemic physiological, and perceptual responses. In a randomized crossover design, 26 adult male semi-professional and amateur team-sport players completed two RSE sessions (3 sets of 5 × 5-s sprints with 25 s of passive recovery and 3 min of rest) with continuous BFR (45% arterial occlusion; excluding during between-set rest periods) or without (non-BFR). Mean and peak power output were significantly lower (p < 0.001) during BFR compared to non-BFR (dz = 0.85 and 0.77, respectively). Minimum tissue saturation index during the sprints and rest periods was significantly reduced (p < 0.001) for BFR (dz = 1.26 and 1.21, respectively). Electromyography root mean square was significantly decreased (p < 0.01) for biceps femoris and lateral gastrocnemius muscles during BFR (dz = 0.35 and 0.79, respectively), but remained unchanged for the vastus lateralis muscle in both conditions. Oxygen consumption and minute ventilation were significantly reduced (both p < 0.01) for BFR (dz = 1.46 and 0.43, respectively). Perceived limb discomfort was significantly higher (p < 0.001) for BFR (dz = 0.78). No differences (p > 0.05) in blood lactate concentration or rating of perceived exertion were observed between conditions. Blood flow-restricted RSE reduced performance and likely increased the physiological and perceptual stimulus for the periphery with greater reliance on anaerobic glycolysis, despite comparable or decreased systemic demands.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Mckee
- Physical Activity, Sport and Exercise (PHASE) Research Group, School of Allied Health (Exercise Science), Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Centre for Healthy Ageing, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Olivier Girard
- School of Human Sciences (Exercise and Sport Science), The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jeremiah J Peiffer
- Physical Activity, Sport and Exercise (PHASE) Research Group, School of Allied Health (Exercise Science), Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Centre for Healthy Ageing, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Alasdair R Dempsey
- Physical Activity, Sport and Exercise (PHASE) Research Group, School of Allied Health (Exercise Science), Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Centre for Molecular Medicine and Innovative Therapeutics, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kirsten Smedley
- Physical Activity, Sport and Exercise (PHASE) Research Group, School of Allied Health (Exercise Science), Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Medical, Molecular and Forensic Sciences, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Brendan R Scott
- Physical Activity, Sport and Exercise (PHASE) Research Group, School of Allied Health (Exercise Science), Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Centre for Healthy Ageing, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Mihailovic T, Groslambert A, Bouzigon R, Feaud S, Millet GP, Gimenez P. Acute Responses to Repeated-Sprint Training in Hypoxia Combined With Whole-Body Cryotherapy: A Preliminary Study. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 2024; 19:280-289. [PMID: 38171353 DOI: 10.1123/ijspp.2023-0252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate acute psychophysiological responses to repeated-sprint training in hypoxia (RSH) combined with whole-body cryotherapy (WBC). METHOD Sixteen trained cyclists performed 3 sessions in randomized order: RSH, WBC-RSH (WBC pre-RSH), and RSH-WBC (WBC post-RSH). RSH consisted of 3 sets of 5 × 10-second sprints with 20-second recovery at a simulated altitude of 3000 m. Power output, muscle oxygenation (tissue saturation index), heart-rate variability, and recovery perception were analyzed. Sleep quality was assessed on the nights following test sessions and compared with a control night using nocturnal ActiGraphy and heart-rate variability. RESULTS Power output did not differ between the conditions (P = .27), while the decrease in tissue saturation index was reduced for WBC-RSH compared to RSH-WBC in the last set. In both conditions with WBC, the recovery perception was higher compared to RSH (WBC-RSH: +15.4%, and RSH-WBC: +21.9%, P < .05). The number of movements during the RSH-WBC night was significantly lower than for the control night (-18.7%, P < .01) and WBC-RSH (-14.9%, P < .05). RSH led to a higher root mean square of the successive differences of R-R intervals and high-frequency band during the first hour of sleep compared to the control night (P < .05) and RSH-WBC (P < .01). CONCLUSIONS Inclusion of WBC in an RSH session did not modify the power output but could improve prolonged performance in hypoxia by maintaining muscle oxygenation. A single RSH session did not deteriorate sleep quality. WBC, particularly when performed after RSH, positively influenced recovery perception and sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thibaud Mihailovic
- Laboratory of Culture, Sport, Health, Society (C3S-UR 4660), Sport and Performance Department, University of Franche-Comte, Besançon, France
- Inside the Athletes 3.0 (ITA 3.0), Besançon, France
- Besancon Fitness, Besancon, France
| | - Alain Groslambert
- Laboratory of Culture, Sport, Health, Society (C3S-UR 4660), Sport and Performance Department, University of Franche-Comte, Besançon, France
- Locomotion Athlete Material Environment Platform (Laboratory C3S-Groupama FDJ cycling team), Besançon, France
| | - Romain Bouzigon
- Laboratory of Culture, Sport, Health, Society (C3S-UR 4660), Sport and Performance Department, University of Franche-Comte, Besançon, France
- Inside the Athletes 3.0 (ITA 3.0), Besançon, France
- Besancon Fitness, Besancon, France
| | - Simon Feaud
- Laboratory of Culture, Sport, Health, Society (C3S-UR 4660), Sport and Performance Department, University of Franche-Comte, Besançon, France
| | - Grégoire P Millet
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Philippe Gimenez
- Laboratory of Culture, Sport, Health, Society (C3S-UR 4660), Sport and Performance Department, University of Franche-Comte, Besançon, France
- Locomotion Athlete Material Environment Platform (Laboratory C3S-Groupama FDJ cycling team), Besançon, France
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Solsona R, Dériaz R, Albert S, Chamoux M, Lloria-Varella J, Borrani F, Sanchez AMJ. Impact of systemic hypoxia and blood flow restriction on mechanical, cardiorespiratory, and neuromuscular responses to a multiple-set repeated sprint exercise. Front Physiol 2024; 15:1339284. [PMID: 38357500 PMCID: PMC10864669 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2024.1339284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Repeated sprint cycling exercises (RSE) performed under systemic normobaric hypoxia (HYP) or with blood flow restriction (BFR) are of growing interest. To the best of our knowledge, there is no stringent consensus on the cardiorespiratory and neuromuscular responses between systemic HYP and BFR during RSE. Thus, this study assessed cardiorespiratory and neuromuscular responses to multiple sets of RSE under HYP or with BFR. Methods: According to a crossover design, fifteen men completed RSE (three sets of five 10-s sprints with 20 s of recovery) in normoxia (NOR), HYP, and with bilaterally-cuffed BFR at 45% of resting arterial occlusive pressure during sets in NOR. Power output, cardiorespiratory and neuromuscular responses were assessed. Results: Average peak and mean powers were lower in BFR (dz = 0.87 and dz = 1.23, respectively) and HYP (dz = 0.65 and dz = 1.21, respectively) compared to NOR (p < 0.001). The percentage decrement of power output was greater in BFR (dz = 0.94) and HYP (dz = 0.64) compared to NOR (p < 0.001), as well as in BFR compared to NOR (p = 0.037, dz = 0.30). The percentage decrease of maximal voluntary contraction of the knee extensors after the session was greater in BFR compared to NOR and HYP (p = 0.011, dz = 0.78 and p = 0.027, dz = 0.75, respectively). Accumulated ventilation during exercise was higher in HYP and lower in BFR (p = 0.002, dz = 0.51, and p < 0.001, dz = 0.71, respectively). Peak oxygen consumption was reduced in HYP (p < 0.001, dz = 1.47). Heart rate was lower in BFR during exercise and recovery (p < 0.001, dz = 0.82 and p = 0.012, dz = 0.43, respectively). Finally, aerobic contribution was reduced in HYP compared to NOR (p = 0.002, dz = 0.46) and BFR (p = 0.005, dz = 0.33). Discussion: Thus, this study indicates that power output during RSE is impaired in HYP and BFR and that BFR amplifies neuromuscular fatigue. In contrast, HYP did not impair neuromuscular function but enhanced the ventilatory response along with reduced oxygen consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Solsona
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- University of Perpignan Via Domitia, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Performance Santé Environnement de Montagne, Font-Romeu, France
| | - Roméo Dériaz
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- University of Perpignan Via Domitia, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Performance Santé Environnement de Montagne, Font-Romeu, France
| | - Simon Albert
- University of Rennes, Faculty of Sports Sciences, Rennes, France
| | - Maxime Chamoux
- University of Perpignan Via Domitia, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Performance Santé Environnement de Montagne, Font-Romeu, France
| | - Jaume Lloria-Varella
- University of Perpignan Via Domitia, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Performance Santé Environnement de Montagne, Font-Romeu, France
| | - Fabio Borrani
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Anthony M. J. Sanchez
- Institute of Sport Sciences, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- University of Perpignan Via Domitia, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Performance Santé Environnement de Montagne, Font-Romeu, France
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