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Erickson BJ, Buchheit P, Rauch J, Ciccotti MG, Paul RW, Cohen SB. Is There a Relationship Between Grip Strength and Injuries in Professional Baseball Players? Orthop J Sports Med 2024; 12:23259671241257622. [PMID: 39100217 PMCID: PMC11295228 DOI: 10.1177/23259671241257622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 08/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Injuries in professional baseball players have become exceedingly common. Efforts to mitigate injury risk have focused on the kinetic chain, shoulder motion, and so forth. It is unclear whether grip strength is related to injury risk in professional baseball pitchers. Purpose/Hypothesis The purpose of this study was to determine if grip strength was a risk factor for injury. It was hypothesized that pitchers with weaker grip strength would have a higher likelihood of sustaining a shoulder or elbow injury compared with pitchers with stronger grip strength. Study Design Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods All professional pitchers from a single Major League Baseball organization were included. Dominant and nondominant grip strength were measured after each pitching outing throughout the 2022 season. Injuries over the course of the season were recorded, and data were compared between pitchers who sustained a shoulder or elbow injury and those who did not. Results Overall, 213 pitchers were included, of whom 53 (24.9%) sustained a shoulder or elbow injury during the season. The mean grip strength for all pitchers was 144.0 ± 20.8 lb (65.3 ± 9.4 kg). The mean dominant-arm grip strength was 142.6 ± 20.8 lb (64.7 ± 9.4 kg) for pitchers who did not sustain a shoulder or elbow injury and 148.2 ± 20.9 lb (67.2 ± 9.5 kg) for pitchers who did sustain an injury, with no significant group difference in grip strength (P > .05). Furthermore, there were no significant differences in change in grip strength over the course of the season between the groups. Conclusion There was no significant difference in mean grip strength or change in grip strength over the course of a single season between professional baseball pitchers who sustained a shoulder or elbow injury and those who did not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon J. Erickson
- Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, New York University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Paul Buchheit
- Philadelphia Phillies, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Joseph Rauch
- Philadelphia Phillies, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Ryan W. Paul
- Rothman Orthopaedic Institute, New York, New York, USA
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Greco F, Quinzi F, Papaianni MC, Cosco LF, Segura-Garcia C, Emerenziani GP. Effects of school-based physical activity on volition in exercise, sleep quality and internet addiction in Italian adolescents. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32129. [PMID: 38882324 PMCID: PMC11177120 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024] Open
Abstract
School-settings represent ideal context to promote healthy habits as in adolescence most risk factors may occur or intensify leading to the adoption of unhealthy lifestyles. Thus, a deeper understanding of the factors promoting healthy lifestyles in adolescents is of utmost importance. This observational study aims to investigate: 1) gender-related differences in physical activity (Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescets - PAQ-A), sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index - PSQI) and internet addiction (Internet Addiction Test - IAT) levels and Volition in Exercise (VE); 2) the relationship between PAQ-A and VE, PSQI and IAT; 3) the effects of a five-month (T0; T5) school-based physical activity (PA) intervention on the above-mentioned factors. PAQ-A,VE, PSQI and IAT were assessed before (T0) and after (T5) a school-based PA intervention. The PA intervention consisted of coordinative exercises and team sports performed for 1 h twice a week. At T0, girls showed lower PAQ-A, PSQI scores, lower volition facilitators ("self-confidence" and "coping with failure") and higher volition inhibitor ("postponing training") than boys. Significant correlations were observed for volition factors an IAT in males and volition and PSQI and IAT in females. After the PA intervention (T5), "postponing training" and "self-confidence" factors were reduced compared to T0. Exercise specialists should consider gender differences in volition in exercise factors during a school-based PA to plan and realize PA protocols aiming at maximizing exercise adherence to tackle sedentary behaviors in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Greco
- Department of Movement, Human and Health Sciences, University of Rome "Foro Italico", Rome, RM, Italy
| | - Federico Quinzi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, CZ, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Gian Pietro Emerenziani
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, University "Magna Græcia" of Catanzaro, CZ, Italy
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Luz GD, Pereira DS, Minho JB, Dias PDC, Moraes ES, da Silva VM, Dutra APBS, Silva FM, Dalle Molle R. Association of handgrip strength with nutritional status and clinical outcomes in hospitalized pediatric patients. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2024; 61:413-419. [PMID: 38777463 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2024.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Malnutrition in children and adolescents is prevalent at hospital admission and the incidence increases with length of stay. Malnourished patients have loss of muscle mass and strength, compromising their functionality. Handgrip strength (HGS) is a nutritional marker understudied in pediatrics although it is capable of detecting nutritional deprivation before changes in body composition are observed. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the association between reduced HGS at hospital admission, compromised nutritional status and worse clinical outcomes of pediatric patients. METHODS Cohort study conducted with patients aged 6-18 years admitted to a pediatric ward. Nutritional status was assessed in the first 48 h of hospital admission using the z-score of height for age (H/A) and body mass index for age (BMI/A), percentile of mid-arm muscle circumference for age (MAMC/A) and the pediatric global subjective nutritional assessment (SGNA). HGS was measured using a digital dynamometer and considered reduced when the maximum value of three measurements was below the 5th percentile for sex and age. The clinical outcomes analyzed were length of hospital stay and frequency of readmission within 3 months after hospital discharge. RESULTS A total of 135 patients were evaluated (median age 10.9 years, 55.6% male) and 17.8% had reduced HGS. Patients with reduced HGS had lower H/A z-score (-0.50 vs 0.22, p = 0.012) and a higher frequency of reduced MAMC when compared to those with normal HGS (8% vs 13%, p = 0.007). Reduced HGS was not associated with malnutrition (OR = 0.63; 95%CI 0.23-1.77), prolonged hospital stay (OR = 1.89; 95%CI 0.72-4.92) or readmission to hospital 3 months after hospital discharge (OR = 1.82; 95%CI 0.67-4.93), in a model adjusted for the clinical condition. CONCLUSION Reduced HGS was not a predictor of malnutrition and clinical outcomes. However, it was associated with lower H/A Z-score and MAMC/A percentile values and can be used as a complementary measure in the nutritional status assessment of hospitalized pediatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Duarte Luz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Danielly Steffen Pereira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Jéssica Batista Minho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Daniele Chrisóstomo Dias
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Emilly Santos Moraes
- Curso de Graduação em Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | | | | | - Flávia Moraes Silva
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Curso de Graduação em Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Roberta Dalle Molle
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
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Kumari R, Nath B, Singh Y, Mallick R. Health-related physical fitness, physical activity and its correlates among school going adolescents in hilly state in north India: a cross sectional survey. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:401. [PMID: 38326821 PMCID: PMC10848408 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-17808-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Health-related physical fitness, which includes body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, muscular endurance, flexibility, power, and strength are associated with risks of chronic diseases and promote good health and wellness. There have been reports of increasing levels of physical inactivity among children and adolescents, leading to increasing rates of obesity and decreased physical fitness. The present study was conducted among school going adolescents to estimate the levels and correlates of PF for timely intervention. METHODOLOGY School based cross-sectional study was done among students of class 8-11th in Government schools of Garhwal division of Uttarakhand. Multistage stratified random sampling was applied for recruitment of study participants. We recruited a final sample size of 634 students. Validated questionnaires and standard methods for assessment of physical fitness, physical activity levels and other variables such as waist circumference, hip circumference, BMI and hemoglobin estimation were done. RESULTS Average and above average cardiorespiratory fitness score as per Harvard step test among boys (54.3%) was significantly higher as compared to girls (21.3%) (χ2 = 88.93, p < 0.001). There was a significant association between gender and dominant handgrip strength (χ2 = 8.02, p = 0.01) as well as between gender and Shoulder stretch test (SST) of dominant (χ2 = 17.5, p < 0.05) as well as nondominant arm (χ2 = 13.5, p < 0.05). Sit and reach test results also showed a significant association with gender (χ2 = 27.17, p < 0.001). Gender, hemoglobin level, BMI and PAL scores significantly predicted cardiorespiratory fitness scores (R2 = 0.188, F value of the model = 37.69, p =< 0.001)). CONCLUSION Physical fitness of school going adolescents in Garhwal division of Uttarakhand was better than other parts of India, with significant gender differences. Physical activity levels (PAL) were poor and are also a significant predictor of physical fitness. More emphasis needs to be paid on the health and fitness of girl students. School based policies to increase PAL among students through innovation and rewards may go a long way in improving the long-term health of the students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranjeeta Kumari
- Present Address: All India Institute of Medical Sciences Rishikesh, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, 249203, India
| | - Bhola Nath
- Present Address: All India Institute of Medical Sciences Raebareli, Raebareli, Uttar Pradesh, 229405, India.
| | - Yogesh Singh
- Present Address: All India Institute of Medical Sciences Rishikesh, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, 249203, India
| | - Rupsha Mallick
- Present Address: All India Institute of Medical Sciences Rishikesh, Rishikesh, Uttarakhand, 249203, India
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Trajković N, Rančić D, Ilić T, Herodek R, Korobeynikov G, Pekas D. Measuring handgrip strength in school children: inter-instrument reliability between Takei and Jamar. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1074. [PMID: 38212414 PMCID: PMC10784289 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51368-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine inter-instrument reliability between Takei and Jamar dynamometers in school children. Fifty-six five grade participants aged eleven to twelve (n = 32 boys, n = 24 girls) performed handgrip strength test on two different occasions, with a 5-day gap between them, as test-retest. The Pearson correlation coefficient showed very large to almost perfect correlation between both devices (r = 0.76-0.91) which was graphically confirmed by Bland-Altman method. Test-retest also showed high reliability (ICC = 0.78-0.85) for Jamar and Takei. Trivial, nonsignificant differences (p > 0.05) were observed between for test-retest trials for Takei left hand (ES = 0.04), right hand (ES = 0.12) and Jamar left hand (ES = 0.15). According to the results, both the Jamar and Takei dynamometers are valid and reliable for measuring schoolchildren, and both devices may be used to assess a student's handgrip strength for this age group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nebojša Trajković
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia
| | - Doroteja Rančić
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia
| | - Tamara Ilić
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia
| | - Romina Herodek
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Niš, Niš, Serbia
| | - Georgiy Korobeynikov
- National University of Physical Education and Sport, Kyiv, Ukraine.
- Institute of Psychology, German Sport University Cologne, Am Sportpark Müngersdorf 6, 50933, Cologne, Germany.
| | - Damir Pekas
- Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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Fraser BJ, Blizzard L, Tomkinson GR, McGrath R, Dwyer T, Venn AJ, Magnussen CG. Tracking handgrip strength asymmetry from childhood to mid-life. Acta Paediatr 2023; 112:2408-2417. [PMID: 37531128 PMCID: PMC10952407 DOI: 10.1111/apa.16930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM Determine if asymmetric handgrip strength exists in childhood and adulthood and quantify the degree of tracking of handgrip strength asymmetry over time. METHODS Participants from the Childhood Determinants of Adult Health Study had their right and left handgrip strength measured using handgrip dynamometry in childhood (1985: 9-15 y), young adulthood (2004-06: 26-36 y) and/or mid-adulthood (2014-19: 36-49 y). Handgrip strength asymmetry was calculated as: strongest handgrip strength/strongest handgrip strength on the other hand. Participants were categorised based on the degree of their asymmetry (0.0%-10.0%, 10.1%-20.0%, 20.1%-30.0%, >30.0%). Tracking was quantified using Spearman's correlations and log binomial regression. RESULTS Handgrip strength asymmetry was present in childhood and adulthood (>30.0% asymmetry: childhood = 6%, young adulthood = 3%, mid-adulthood = 4%). Handgrip strength asymmetry did not track between childhood and young- (r = 0.06, 95% CI = -0.02, 0.12) and mid-adulthood (r = 0.01, 95% CI = -0.09, 0.10). Tracking was more apparent between young- and mid-adulthood (r = 0.16, 95% CI = 0.09, 0.22). Participants with >30.0% asymmetry were at greater risk to maintain this status between childhood and young- (RR = 3.53, 95% CI = 1.15, 10.87) and mid-adulthood (RR = 2.14, 95% CI = 0.45, 10.20). CONCLUSION Although handgrip strength asymmetry tracked relatively poorly, asymmetric handgrip strength was apparent in children and adults. Handgrip strength asymmetry does not exclusively affect older adults and should be considered in protocols to better understand its role across the life course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooklyn J. Fraser
- Menzies Institute for Medical ResearchUniversity of TasmaniaHobartTasmaniaAustralia
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA)University of South AustraliaAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Leigh Blizzard
- Menzies Institute for Medical ResearchUniversity of TasmaniaHobartTasmaniaAustralia
| | - Grant R. Tomkinson
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA)University of South AustraliaAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Ryan McGrath
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA)University of South AustraliaAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
- Healthy Aging North Dakota (HAND)North Dakota State UniversityFargoNorth DakotaUSA
- Department of Health, Nutrition, and Exercise SciencesNorth Dakota State UniversityFargoNorth DakotaUSA
- Fargo VA Healthcare SystemFargoNorth DakotaUSA
| | - Terence Dwyer
- Menzies Institute for Medical ResearchUniversity of TasmaniaHobartTasmaniaAustralia
- The Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive HealthUniversity of OxfordOxfordUK
- Murdoch Children's Research InstituteMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health SciencesUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Alison J. Venn
- Menzies Institute for Medical ResearchUniversity of TasmaniaHobartTasmaniaAustralia
| | - Costan G. Magnussen
- Menzies Institute for Medical ResearchUniversity of TasmaniaHobartTasmaniaAustralia
- Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity (ARENA)University of South AustraliaAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
- Baker Heart and Diabetes InstituteMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular MedicineUniversity of TurkuTurkuFinland
- Centre for Population Health ResearchUniversity of Turku and Turku University HospitalTurkuFinland
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Pugliese C, Delgado AF, Kozu KT, Campos LMDA, Aikawa NE, Silva CA, Maluf Elias A. Body Composition and Phase Angle: How to Improve Nutritional Evaluation in Juvenile Dermatomyositis Patients. Nutrients 2023; 15:3057. [PMID: 37447383 PMCID: PMC10347122 DOI: 10.3390/nu15133057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: This study aimed to assess body composition (BC) using bioelectrical impedance and food intake in juvenile dermatomyositis (JDM) patients. Associations between BC and physical activity, disease activity/cumulative damage and health-related quality of life parameters were also evaluated; (2) Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with 30 consecutive JDM patients (18 female and 12 male) and 24 healthy volunteers (14 female and 10 male) of both sexes followed at our pediatric rheumatology unit. The gathering of anthropometric and dietary data, and the performance of physical activity and bioelectrical impedance were undertaken in face-to-face meetings and through questionnaires. Clinical and therapeutic data were collected from medical records according to information from routine medical appointments; (3) Results: The frequency of high/very high body fat was significantly higher in controls compared with JDM patients (66.7% vs. 91.7%; p = 0.046). The median phase angle was significantly lower in patients compared with controls (5.2 ± 1.3 vs. 6.1 ± 1.0; p = 0.016). Body fat and lean mass were positively correlated with disease duration (rs = +0.629, p < 0.001 and rs = +0.716, p < 0.001, respectively) and phase angle (PhA) (rs = +0.400, p = 0.029 and rs = +0.619, p < 0.001, respectively). JDM patients with PhA ≥ 5.5 presented higher lean mass when compared with patients with PhA < 5.5 (p = 0.001); (4) Conclusions: Bioelectrical impedance can be a useful auxiliary exam in the medical and nutritional follow-up of JDM patients, because it seems to impact functional ability. These findings may assist professionals when advising JDM patients about the importance of physical activity and healthy eating in the preservation of lean mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camila Pugliese
- Nutrition Unit, Children and Adolescent’s Institute, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas Carvalho de Aguiar, 647-Cerqueira César, São Paulo 05403-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Artur Figueiredo Delgado
- Intensive Care Unit, Children and Adolescent’s Institute, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas Carvalho de Aguiar, 647-Cerqueira César, São Paulo 05403-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Katia Tomie Kozu
- Rheumatology Unit, Children and Adolescent’s Institute, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas Carvalho de Aguiar, 647-Cerqueira César, São Paulo 05403-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Lucia Maria de Arruda Campos
- Rheumatology Unit, Children and Adolescent’s Institute, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas Carvalho de Aguiar, 647-Cerqueira César, São Paulo 05403-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Nadia Emi Aikawa
- Rheumatology Unit, Children and Adolescent’s Institute, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas Carvalho de Aguiar, 647-Cerqueira César, São Paulo 05403-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Clovis Artur Silva
- Rheumatology Unit, Children and Adolescent’s Institute, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas Carvalho de Aguiar, 647-Cerqueira César, São Paulo 05403-000, SP, Brazil
| | - Adriana Maluf Elias
- Rheumatology Unit, Children and Adolescent’s Institute, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Dr. Enéas Carvalho de Aguiar, 647-Cerqueira César, São Paulo 05403-000, SP, Brazil
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Atiković A, Čolakhodžić E, Užičanin E, Petković E, Nožinović Mujanović A, Mujanović E, Zahirović J, Mešković N, Lilić A. Age and Gender Differences in Anthropometric Characteristics and Motor Performance of 3 through 6 Young Kids Aged (Pilot Study). CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:children10030590. [PMID: 36980148 PMCID: PMC10047391 DOI: 10.3390/children10030590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is crucial to evaluate children's motor coordination and strength to identify possible motor deficits on the right or left side of the body. However, whether a distinction exists in children aged 3-6 must be clarified. The goal of the current research was to investigate the differences in motor skills between preschool boys and girls, dominant and non-dominant hands or legs, in children of preschool age. (2) Methods: The present study was conducted on a sample of children (boys, n = 52; girls, n = 52; age range, 3-6 years). Three motor tests evaluated on both sides of the body served as the sample of factors used to measure athletic performance. Leg tapping (15 s), hand tapping (15 s), and a maximal hand grip strength (HGS) test kg. (3) Results: The study's findings show no statistically significant variations in preschool boys' and girls' motor skills. Preschool girls had better results in the right leg tapping than preschool boys t (98) = 2.08; p ≤ 0.04. We found a significant difference between genders aged 3-4, 4-5, and 5-6 years. No correlation was found between the girls' three variables and age. A small but significant positive correlation was found between dominant hand tapping and age r2 (52) = 0.21; p ≤ 0.01, dominant leg tapping and age r2 (52) = 0.20; p ≤ 0.01 and dominant HGS and age r2 (52) = 0.17; p ≤ 0.01. No noticeable differences were identified when comparing the dominant side with the non-dominant side in each group. The results show that most children prefer to use their right hand and right leg as their dominant sides. (4) Conclusion: The authors of this study focus on the functional (frequency of movements) and dynamic (differences in muscle strength between body sides) elements of asymmetry. Future studies should examine the influence of morphology on performance with the dominant or non-dominant body side.
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Affiliation(s)
- Almir Atiković
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Tuzla, 2. Oktobra 1., 75000 Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Ekrem Čolakhodžić
- Faculty of Education, University Džemal Bijedić of Mostar, 88000 Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Edin Užičanin
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Tuzla, 2. Oktobra 1., 75000 Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Emilija Petković
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia
| | - Amra Nožinović Mujanović
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Tuzla, 2. Oktobra 1., 75000 Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Edin Mujanović
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Tuzla, 2. Oktobra 1., 75000 Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Jasmin Zahirović
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Tuzla, 2. Oktobra 1., 75000 Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Naida Mešković
- Faculty of Physical Education and Sport, University of Tuzla, 2. Oktobra 1., 75000 Tuzla, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Ana Lilić
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia
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Saito A, Okada K, Sato H, Shibata K, Kamada T, Namiki Y, Terui Y. Increased Medial Elbow Torque Is Associated With Ball Velocity Rather Than a History of Medial Elbow Injuries in Youth Baseball Pitchers. Arthroscopy 2023; 39:719-727. [PMID: 35970452 DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2022.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study compared medial elbow torque in youth baseball pitchers with and without a history of medial elbow injuries to determine the relationship between medial elbow torque during pitching and having a history of medial elbow injuries. METHODS We recruited 171 youth baseball pitchers aged 9 to 12 years old. The exclusion criteria included current pain with pitching, history of surgery on the tested extremity, or osteochondritis dissecans of the humeral capitellum. The participants were grouped into 3 groups: injury <1-year, injury >1-year, and control, based on ultrasonographic abnormalities of the elbow and the presence of elbow pain. Pitchers pitched 3 fastballs while wearing a sensor sleeve that recorded the medial elbow torque, arm speed, and shoulder rotation. Ball velocity was measured using a radar gun. RESULTS The final analysis included 164 pitchers. Thirty were assigned to the injury <1-year group, 34 to the injury >1-year group, and 100 to the control group. The medial elbow torque was significantly greater in the injury <1-year group compared with the control group (18.6 ± 3.6 Nm vs 16.2 ± 4.8 Nm, P = .023). A multiple regression analysis revealed that ball velocity (B = 0.282, P < .001) and body weight (B = -0.224, P < .001) were significantly associated with medial elbow torque, but not with the history of medial elbow injuries. CONCLUSIONS Increased medial elbow torque was associated with greater ball velocity regardless of the history of medial elbow injuries. Youth baseball pitchers with a history of medial elbow injuries within one year had greater medial elbow torque during pitching; however, having a history of medial elbow injuries was not an independent factor in increasing medial elbow torque. Limiting the ball velocity can reduce medial elbow torque and may prevent elbow injuries in youth baseball pitchers. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level II, prospective comparative prognostic investigation with the patients enrolled at different time point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akira Saito
- Department of Physical Therapy, Akita University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Akita, Japan.
| | - Kyoji Okada
- Department of Physical Therapy, Akita University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Akita, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Sato
- Department of Rehabilitation, Akita Kousei Medical Hospital, Akita, Japan
| | | | - Tetsuaki Kamada
- Department of Rehabilitation, Akita Kousei Medical Hospital, Akita, Japan
| | - Yusuke Namiki
- Department of Rehabilitation, Akita City Hospital, Akita, Japan
| | - Yoshino Terui
- Department of Physical Therapy, Akita University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Akita, Japan
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10
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Ramos M, Palmeira L, Oliveira T, Melo R, Lopes C, Carvalho I, Chagas D, Batista LA. Association of handgrip strength with anthropometry of a Brazilian healthy adolescent sample. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND ERGONOMICS 2023; 29:62-69. [PMID: 34952559 DOI: 10.1080/10803548.2021.2021713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The importance of dynamometric and anthropometric information for industry is known; however, few studies have investigated the relationship between anthropometry and handgrip strength (HGS) in adolescents. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association of anthropometric variables with the level of HGS production in adolescents. Participants were 541 adolescents aged 12-16 years from a public school in the city of Rio de Janeiro. The behavior of the following variables was examined: the ability to generate HGS, age, total body mass, height and hand dimensions (hand width, hand span, hand length). The results showed an increase in the ability to generate HGS in adolescence and a significant difference between the genders from 13 years old, where boys generated higher HGS values. Correlations between HGS and total body mass and the hand width stood out in both genders, indicating a greater association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia Ramos
- Laboratory of Biomechanics and Motor Behavior, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências do Exercício e do Esporte, Rio de Janeiro State University, Brazil
| | - Liszt Palmeira
- Medical Sciences Post-Graduation Program Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Tainá Oliveira
- Laboratory of Biomechanics and Motor Behavior, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências do Exercício e do Esporte, Rio de Janeiro State University, Brazil
| | - Rogério Melo
- Laboratory of Biomechanics and Motor Behavior, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências do Exercício e do Esporte, Rio de Janeiro State University, Brazil
| | - Camila Lopes
- Laboratory of Biomechanics and Motor Behavior, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Igor Carvalho
- Laboratory of Biomechanics and Motor Behavior, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Daniel Chagas
- Laboratory of Biomechanics and Motor Behavior, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências do Exercício e do Esporte, Rio de Janeiro State University, Brazil
| | - Luiz Alberto Batista
- Laboratory of Biomechanics and Motor Behavior, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências do Exercício e do Esporte, Rio de Janeiro State University, Brazil
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11
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Xu T, Li X, Wang D, Zhang Y, Zhang Q, Yan J, Jiang J, Liu W, Chen J. Hand grip strength should be normalized by weight not height for eliminating the influence of individual differences: Findings from a cross-sectional study of 1,511 healthy undergraduates. Front Nutr 2023; 9:1063939. [PMID: 36741997 PMCID: PMC9890066 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.1063939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Hand grip strength (HGS) is a fast, useful, and inexpensive outcome predictor of nutritional status and muscular function assessment. Numerous demographic and anthropometric factors were reported to be associated with HGS, while which one or several factors produce greater variations in HGS has not been discussed in detail. This is important for answering how should HGS be normalized for eliminating the influence of individual differences in clinical practice. Aims To compare the contribution of age, sex, height, weight, and forearm circumference (FCF) to variations in HGS based on a large-scale sample. Methods We enrolled 1,511 healthy undergraduate students aged 18-23 years. Age, weight, height, and sex were obtained. HGS was measured using a digital hand dynamometer, and FCF was measured at the point of greatest circumference using a soft ruler in both hands. Pearson's or Spearman's correlation coefficients were calculated with data of women and men separated and mixed for comparison. Partial correlation analysis and multivariate linear regression were used to compare the effect of variables on HGS. Results Analysis results confirmed the correlates of higher HGS include higher height, heavier weight, being men and dominant hand, and larger FCF. The correlation between HGS and FCF was the highest, and the bivariate correlation coefficient between weight and HGS was largerata of women and men were mixed, than that between height and HGS. When data of women and men were mixed, there were moderate correlations between HGS and height and weight (r = 0.633∼0.682). However, when data were separated, there were weak correlations (r = 0.246∼0.391). Notably, partial correlation analysis revealed no significant correlation between height and HGS after eliminating the weight effect, while the correlation between weight and HGS was still significant after eliminating the height effect. Multivariate linear regression analyses revealed sex was the most significant contributor to the variation in HGS (Beta = -0.541 and -0.527), followed by weight (Beta = 0.243 and 0.261) and height (Beta = 0.102 and 0.103). Conclusion HGS and FCF reference values of healthy college students were provided. Weight was more correlate with hand grip strength, at least among the healthy undergraduates. Clinical trial registration http://www.chictr.org.cn/showproj.aspx?proj=165914, identifier ChiCTR2200058586.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taojin Xu
- School of Advanced Manufacturing Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China,Key Laboratory of Big Data Intelligent Computing, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China
| | - Xu Li
- College of Physical Education, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China
| | - Dingfang Wang
- School of Advanced Manufacturing Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- School of Advanced Manufacturing Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China
| | - Qinghua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Big Data Intelligent Computing, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China,*Correspondence: Qinghua Zhang,
| | - Jianyin Yan
- School of Advanced Manufacturing Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China
| | - Junhao Jiang
- School of Advanced Manufacturing Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenbin Liu
- School of Advanced Manufacturing Engineering, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Chen
- The Fifth People’s Hospital of Chongqing, Chongqing, China
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12
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Almiray-Soto AL, Denova-Gutiérrez E, Lopez-Gonzalez D, Medeiros M, Clark P. Muscle Strength Reference Values and Correlation with Appendicular Muscle Mass in Mexican Children and Adolescents. Calcif Tissue Int 2022; 111:597-610. [PMID: 36152042 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-022-01025-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Strength and muscle mass are important determinants of health status, and reference values for pediatric populations from every country or geographic region are needed. The aim of this study was to develop age- and sex-specific reference values of muscle strength and evaluate the correlation between muscle strength and appendicular lean mass in Mexican children and adolescents. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 1111 healthy subjects ages 5 to 19 years of age participating in the "Body Composition Reference Values in Mexican Children and Adolescents" study. Smoothed reference values for the 1, 3, 5, 15, 25, 50, 75, 85, 95, 97, and 99 percentiles of muscle strength for upper and lower limbs were developed based on age and sex using Jamar® and Microfet2® dynamometers. Mean values were derived using the Generalized Additive Models for Location, Scale and Shape (GAMLSS), and lean mass was determined using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Highly positive correlations of muscle strength with lean mass in upper limbs were found r-values 0.87-0.92 for boys and r = 0.80-0.86 for girls. High and moderate positive correlations for lower limbs were also noted for upper limbs: r = 0.74-0.86 for boys and r = 0.67-0.82 for girls. The reference values for appendicular muscle strength established in this study demonstrated a high and positive correlation between appendicular mass and muscle strength. These data will be useful when evaluating conditions and diseases affecting muscle or sports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alma Lidia Almiray-Soto
- Clinical Epidemiology Research Unit, Children's Hospital of Mexico Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
- Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Edgar Denova-Gutiérrez
- Nutrition and Health Research Center, Public Health National Institute, Cuernavaca, Mexico
| | - Desiree Lopez-Gonzalez
- Clinical Epidemiology Research Unit, Children's Hospital of Mexico Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
- Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Mara Medeiros
- Nephrology and Bone Mineral Metabolism Research and Diagnostic Unit, Children's Hospital of Mexico Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Patricia Clark
- Clinical Epidemiology Research Unit, Children's Hospital of Mexico Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico.
- Faculty of Medicine, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico.
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13
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Kakaraparthi L, Gadhavi B, Kakaraparthi VN, Reddy RS, Tedla JS, Samuel PS. Handgrip strength and its correlation with anthropometric determinants and hand dimensions in children aged 6-12 years: A cross-sectional study. Work 2022; 74:711-721. [PMID: 36314185 DOI: 10.3233/wor-211368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Handgrip strength is considered an important interpreter of general health, and hand functions in children. It is mainly influenced by anthropometric determinants and hand dimensions. OBJECTIVE To assess the handgrip strength and their association with anthropometric determinants, hand circumference, hand span, and hand length among school children in both the dominant and non-dominant hand. METHODS Anthropometric measurements, hand circumference, hand span, hand length, and grip strength measurements were obtained from 133 school children of both genders aged 6-12 years. A Jamar hand-held dynamometer was used to measure handgrip strength and the hand dimensions with a tape measure in cm. RESULTS Significant differences were found between the handgrip strength among boys and girls. The dominant hand was found to be sturdier than the non-dominant hand in both genders. We also found a significant correlation of anthropometric determinants and hand dimensions with handgrip strength. Age, BMI, hand circumference, hand span, and hand length had a strong correlation with grip strength (p < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS The study revealed the reference values and concluded its correlations with hand dimensions among school children aged 6-12 years and this information can serve as a manual for interpretation of handgrip strength measurements in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lalitha Kakaraparthi
- Department of Physiotherapy, CR4D Unit of Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Bhavana Gadhavi
- Department of Physiotherapy, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
| | - Venkata Nagaraj Kakaraparthi
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ravi Shankar Reddy
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jaya Shanker Tedla
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Paul Silvian Samuel
- Department of Medical Rehabilitation Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
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14
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de Souza MA, Martinez EZ, da Silva Lizzi EA, Cezarani A, de Queiroz Davoli GB, Bená MI, da Rosa Sobreira CF, Mattiello-Sverzut AC. Alternative instrument for the evaluation of handgrip strength in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. BMC Pediatr 2022; 22:334. [PMID: 35689212 PMCID: PMC9185969 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-022-03388-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The commonly used dynamometers can be ineffective in evaluating handgrip in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), especially children with generalized muscle weakness. The aim of this study was to analyze whether the modified sphygmomanometer is an effective instrument for handgrip strength evaluation in patients with DMD, during different stages of the disease. Method The handgrip strength of 33 patients was evaluated by the Jamar dynamometer and the modified sphygmomanometer. Motor function was evaluated by the Motor Function Measurement (MFM) scale. Four evaluations, with a six-month interval between each, were performed: Evaluation 1 (N = 33), Evaluation 2 (N = 24), Evaluation 3 (N = 15), and Evaluation 4 (N = 8). A linear regression model with mixed effects was used for the longitudinal data and descriptive analysis of strength for all four evaluations. Result The first evaluation data presented very high correlations between the dynamometer and the modified sphygmomanometer (r = 0.977; p < 0.001). The longitudinal analysis showed a significant difference between Evaluation 1 and the other handgrip strength evaluations obtained using the dynamometer (p < 0.05) but not the modified sphygmomanometer (p > 0.05). Null values were obtained only when using the dynamometer device. Conclusion The modified sphygmomanometer seems to be more suitable than the dynamometer for measuring handgrip strength in all stages of DMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Angélica de Souza
- Department of Health Science, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Campus, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Edson Zangiacomi Martinez
- Department of Social Medicine, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Ananda Cezarani
- Department of Health Science, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Campus, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Barroso de Queiroz Davoli
- Department of Health Science, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Campus, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil
| | - Marjory Irineu Bená
- Department of Neurosciences of the Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Claudia Mattiello-Sverzut
- Department of Health Science, Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Campus, Ribeirão Preto, SP, 14049-900, Brazil.
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15
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Abe T, Ozaki H, Loenneke JP, Natsume T, Deng P, Naito H. A longitudinal study of handgrip strength asymmetry. Am J Hum Biol 2022; 34:e23722. [DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Abe
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science Juntendo University Inzai Japan
- Institute of Health and Sports Science and Medicine Juntendo University Inzai Japan
- Division of Children's Health and Exercise Research Institute of Trainology Fukuoka‐shi Japan
| | - Hayao Ozaki
- Department of Sport and Health Science Tokai Gakuen University Miyoshi Japan
| | - Jeremy P. Loenneke
- Kevser Ermin Applied Physiology Laboratory, Department of Health, Exercise Science & Recreation Management The University of Mississippi Oxford Mississippi USA
| | - Toshiharu Natsume
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science Juntendo University Inzai Japan
| | - Pengyu Deng
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science Juntendo University Inzai Japan
| | - Hisashi Naito
- Graduate School of Health and Sports Science Juntendo University Inzai Japan
- Institute of Health and Sports Science and Medicine Juntendo University Inzai Japan
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16
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Normative data for handgrip strength in Serbian children measured with a bulb dynamometer. J Hand Ther 2021; 34:479-487. [PMID: 32571599 DOI: 10.1016/j.jht.2020.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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17
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Herráez A, Marrodán MD, González-Montero de Espinosa M. Hand grip strength in boys and girls from summer school camps in Spain, 1900-1925. A comparison with 21st century data. Am J Hum Biol 2021; 34:e23681. [PMID: 34533244 DOI: 10.1002/ajhb.23681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The Spanish National Pedagogic Museum (Museo Pedagógico Nacional, MPN), founded by La Institución Libre de Enseñanza, organized the first summer school camps in Spain and their initiative was followed by other institutions in this country. MPN prepared anthropological forms for those sojourns, which included information about both metric and physiological measurements of the schoolchildren. The aim of the current work is to analyze hand grip strength data and to compare them with recent values. METHODS The initial sample included 2418 schoolchildren from 6 to 16 years old (1467 males, 951 females) attending the camps, but after preliminary analyses, the study was restricted to 1073 boys and 818 girls in the 1900-1925 interval. Three time periods were established and 13 categories of height at camp entry, every 5 cm. Normality tests were run as well as contrasts of means, and both average values and percentiles were calculated for hand grip strength in both hands, as a function of age and height categories. RESULTS The 1900-1925 interval was chosen since there were no significant differences among hand grip data within that period. Results show that children attending the camps had dynamometry values in both hands well below the current ones, both with reference to their height and to their age. CONCLUSIONS Camp attendees displayed very low values of height and hand grip strength in both hands. Both are significantly lower than contemporary values, manifesting a secular effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angel Herráez
- Departamento de Biología de Sistemas, Universidad de Alcalá, Alcalá de Henares, Spain.,Grupo de Investigación Epinut, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Dolores Marrodán
- Grupo de Investigación Epinut, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Departamento de Biodiversidad, Ecología y Evolución, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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18
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Tostes NF, da Cunha Antunes Saraiva D, Martucci RB. Association between nutritional status and muscle strength in pediatric cancer patients. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2021; 43:436-441. [PMID: 34024552 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Cancer provides a catabolic state, leading to weight loss and depletion of lean mass, which is accompanied by loss of muscle strength in pediatric patients. Muscle strength is considered a predictor of nutritional status. The aim was to evaluate the association between nutritional status and muscle strength in pediatric cancer patients hospitalized at the Cancer Hospital I. METHODS A cross-sectional study was carried out with cancer patients aged 6-19 years hospitalized in the period from February to November 2019. In the first 48 h of hospitalization, anthropometric (body weight, height, mid-upper arm circumference - MUAC, tricipital skinfold - TSF, calculated body mass index - BMI and mid-arm muscle circumference - MAMC) and handgrip strength (HGS) assessments were performed. The statistical analysis for the data correlation was performed using Pearson's coefficient, linear regression, and association by χ2 test. The HGS values were distributed in quartiles. P-value < 0.05 was considered significant. RESULTS The sample consisted of 63 patients, 52.40% male and 47.60% female. The mean age was 13.01 (±3.83; 6.20-19.78) years. The frequency of adequate BMI was 45.60% and the mean HGS was 17.10 kg (±8.93). There was a strong positive correlation between HGS and MAMC and weight (r = 0.743; p < 0,001 and r = 0.706; p < 0,001, respectively), and association with MAMC independently of age and sex. According to quartile distribution, the lowest HGS quartile also showed association with below adequate MAMC (p = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS These results showed muscle strength was associated with nutritional status and low muscle strength was associated with low muscle mass, independently of age and sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalia Farache Tostes
- Oncology Research Fellowship Program of the National Cancer Institute José Alencar Gomes da Silva (INCA). Rio de Janeiro (RJ), Brazil.
| | | | - Renata Brum Martucci
- Nutrition and Dietetic Service, Cancer Hospital I of National Cancer Institute, Rio de Janeiro and Nutrition Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Amo-Setién FJ, Leal-Costa C, Abajas-Bustillo R, González-Lamuño D, Redondo-Figuero C. Factors associated with grip strength among adolescents: An observational study. J Hand Ther 2021; 33:96-102. [PMID: 30503041 DOI: 10.1016/j.jht.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Revised: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Cross-sectional. INTRODUCTION The muscle strength has been studied in different populations in relation with individual and other factors. PURPOSE OF THE STUDY The purpose of this study was to determine values of grip strength in adolescents and to examine its association with sex, age, weight, height, nutritional status, handedness, and academic performance. METHODS A total of 452 adolescents (246 men and 206 women) aged 12 to 17 years were included in the study. Grip strength was measured using a Takei dynamometer. RESULTS Boys were significantly stronger than girls with both the dominant hand (33.1 kgf vs 25.0 kgf; mean difference = 8.1 kgf; P < .001) and the nondominant hand (30.9 kgf vs 23.1 kgf; mean difference = 7.8 kgf; P < .001), and there was a significant increase in strength values as the age rises in both sexes (P < .001). The dominant hand was stronger than the nondominant one (29.4 kgf vs 27.3 kgf; mean difference = 2.1 kgf; P < .001), except for left-handed subjects who were significantly stronger than right-handed ones in their nondominant hand. Furthermore, strength was positively associated with nutritional status and negatively associated with academic performance in men. CONCLUSIONS Sex, age, handedness, nutritional status, and academic performance have a significant influence on the grip strength values. There seems to be a sexual dimorphism in the relationship between strength and both nutritional status and academic performance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - César Leal-Costa
- Department of Nursing, Catholic University of Murcia, Guadalupe, Murcia, Spain.
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20
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Rostamzadeh S, Saremi M, Vosoughi S, Bradtmiller B, Janani L, Farshad AA, Taheri F. Analysis of hand-forearm anthropometric components in assessing handgrip and pinch strengths of school-aged children and adolescents: a partial least squares (PLS) approach. BMC Pediatr 2021; 21:39. [PMID: 33446142 PMCID: PMC7809846 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-020-02468-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of hand-forearm anthropometric dimensions on handgrip and pinch strengths among 7–18 years children and adolescents and to investigate the extent to which these variables can be used to predict hand strength. Methods Four types of hand strengths including handgrip, tip to tip, key, and three-jaw chuck pinches were measured in 2637 healthy children and adolescents (1391 boys and 1246 girls) aged 7–18 years using standard adjustable Jamar hydraulic hand dynamometer and pinch gauge. A set of 17 hand-forearm anthropometric dimensions were also measured with an accurate digital caliper and tape measure. Results No significant differences were found between the hand strengths of boys and girls up to the age of 10 years. Gender related differences in handgrip and pinches were observed from the age of 11 years onwards, with boys always being stronger. The dominant hand was stronger than the non-dominant hand (8% for handgrip and by about 10% for all three types of pinches). The strongest correlations were found between the hand length and hand strengths (r > 0.83 for handgrip and three all pinches; p < 0.001, 2-tailed). Based on the partial least squares (PLS) analysis, 8 out of 17 anthropometric indices including hand length, hand circumference, thumb length, index finger length, middle finger length, and forearm length had considerable loadings in the PLS analysis, which together accounted for 46% of the total variance. Conclusions These results may be used by health professionals in clinical settings as well as by designers to create ergonomic hand tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Rostamzadeh
- Occupational Health Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Saremi
- Workplace Health Promotion Research Center, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahram Vosoughi
- Department of Occupational Health Engineering, Occupational Health Research Center, Faculty of Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Shahid Hemmat Highway, Tehran, Iran.
| | | | - Leila Janani
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Asghar Farshad
- Occupational Health Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereshteh Taheri
- Occupational Health Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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21
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Bim MA, Pinto ADA, Silva DAS, Rodrigues AM, Pelegrini A. Normative values of handgrip strength in adolescents according to chronological age and sexual maturation. MOTRIZ: REVISTA DE EDUCACAO FISICA 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/s1980-65742021004421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Wen J, Wang J, Xu Q, Wei Y, Zhang L, Ou J, Hong Q, Ji C, Chi X, Tong M. Hand anthropometry and its relation to grip/pinch strength in children aged 5 to 13 years. J Int Med Res 2020; 48:300060520970768. [PMID: 33275482 PMCID: PMC7720326 DOI: 10.1177/0300060520970768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the development level of children’s physiological hand shape indicators and their relationship with grip/pinch strength. Methods Hand shape and grip/pinch strength in 1255 Chinese children aged 5 to 13 years were prospectively measured. Development curves of physiological hand shape indicators and grip/pinch strength were constructed. Results The physiological hand shape indicators (full length, middle finger length, width, and wrist thickness) and grip/pinch strength of boys and girls increased with age and showed statistically significant differences at different ages. In most age groups, hand shape indicators and grip/pinch strength were larger in boys than in girls of the same age. After puberty, the physiological hand shape indicators and grip/pinch strength increased more rapidly in girls than in boys of the same age, and the differences gradually decreased thereafter. Moreover, a significant difference in pinch strength between the right and left hands was observed in most age groups. Pearson correlation analysis showed that the physiological hand shape indicators were significantly positively correlated with grip/pinch strength, height, weight, and body mass index. Conclusions This study revealed the relationship between physiological hand shape indicators and grip/pinch strength and provided reference ranges of physiological hand shape indicators and grip/pinch strength for children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Wen
- Department of Children Health Care, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Institute, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Children Health Care, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Qu Xu
- Department of Children Health Care, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Wei
- Department of Child Health Care, The Affiliated Wuxi Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Wuxi, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Children Health Care, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Jiaxin Ou
- Department of Children Health Care, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Qin Hong
- Department of Children Health Care, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Chenbo Ji
- Department of Children Health Care, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China.,Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Institute, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Xia Chi
- Department of Children Health Care, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China.,Institute of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Meiling Tong
- Department of Children Health Care, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Nanjing, China.,Institute of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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23
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Gąsior JS, Pawłowski M, Jeleń PJ, Rameckers EA, Williams CA, Makuch R, Werner B. Test-Retest Reliability of Handgrip Strength Measurement in Children and Preadolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17218026. [PMID: 33142693 PMCID: PMC7663254 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17218026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The reliability of handgrip strength (HGS) measurement has been confirmed in adults but has been sparsely addressed in pediatric populations. The aims of this study are twofold: to determine whether sex, age and/or hand-dominance influence the test–retest differences and to establish the reliability level of the HGS measurement in typical developing pediatric participants. A total of 338 participants aged 7–13 years were tested using a digital handgrip strength (HGS) dynamometer (Jamar Plus+ Dynamometer) by the same rater on two testing trials separated by a one-day interval between sessions. The HGS testing was conducted according to the American Society of Hand Therapists recommendations. Relative and absolute reliability statistics were calculated. Age influenced the test–retest difference of the HGS measurement as children compared to preadolescents had lower intraclass correlation coefficients (0.95 vs. 0.98), standard error of measurement (SEM) (0.74 vs. 0.78 kg), smallest detectable difference (SDD) (2.05 vs. 2.16 kg) and higher values of the percentage value of SEM (5.48 vs. 3.44%), normalized SDD (15.52 vs. 9.61%) and a mean difference between the test and retest values (0.50 vs. 0.02 kg) for the dominant hand. The results indicate that the protocol using the Jamar digital handgrip dynamometer is a reliable instrument to measure HGS in participants aged 7–13 years with typical development. Clinicians and researchers therefore can have confidence in determining the minimally clinical effect for HGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub S. Gąsior
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and General Pediatrics, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland;
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +48-793199222
| | - Mariusz Pawłowski
- Cardiology Clinic of Physiotherapy Division of the 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Bielanski Hospital, Medical University of Warsaw, 01-809 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Piotr J. Jeleń
- Department of Biophysics and Human Physiology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-004 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Eugene A. Rameckers
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Research School CAPHRI, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands;
- Department of Pediatric Physical Therapy, University for Professionals, AVANSplus, 4818 CP Breda, The Netherlands
- Adelante Centre of Expertise in Rehabilitation and Audiology, 6432 CC Hoensbroek, The Netherlands
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Science, Pediatric Rehabilitation, Hasselt University, B-3590 Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Craig A. Williams
- Children’s Health and Exercise Research Centre, St Luke’s Campus, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Sport and Health Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter EX1 2LU, UK;
| | - Robert Makuch
- Department of Physical Education, Kazimierz Pulaski University of Technology and Humanities in Radom, 26-600 Radom, Poland;
| | - Bożena Werner
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology and General Pediatrics, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland;
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Churilla JR, Summerlin M, Richardson MR, Boltz AJ. Mean Combined Relative Grip Strength and Metabolic Syndrome: 2011-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. J Strength Cond Res 2020; 34:995-1000. [PMID: 31996611 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000003515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Churilla, JR, Summerlin, M, Richardson, MR, and Boltz, AJ. Mean combined relative grip strength and metabolic syndrome: 2011-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. J Strength Cond Res 34(4): 995-1000, 2020-The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships among mean combined relative grip strength (MCRGS), the metabolic syndrome (MetS), and the individual MetS criterion using a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults (≥20 years of age). The study sample included subjects from the 2011-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Study (NHANES). Subject MCRGS, using an average of 3 attempts per hand, was measured by a trained examiner using a handgrip dynamometer. All anthropometric, blood pressure, and serum blood measures used to diagnose the MetS were obtained in a Mobile Examination Center using a subsample of NHANES subjects (N = 4,664). Results suggest a favorable inverse dose-response relationship exists across quartiles of increased MCRGS and likelihood of MetS in both men and women (p < 0.0001 for trend). In analyses adjusted for age, race, education, and meeting aerobic physical activity recommendations, when compared with a referent group in the lowest quartile of MCRGS (MCRGS <2.66 kg/body mass index [BMI] in men; MCRGS <1.58 kg/BMI in women), those in the third (MCRGS >3.20-3.77 kg/BMI in men; MCRGS >1.99-2.38 kg/BMI in women) and fourth quartile (MCRGS >3.77 kg/BMI in men; MCRGS >2.38 kg/BMI in women), were significantly less likely to have the MetS, independent of gender (p ≤ 0.05 for all). Similar findings varied according to individual MetS criterion. These findings provide the first data suggesting that increased MCRGS may be inversely related to the MetS or the individual MetS criterion in a nationally representative sample of U.S. adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- James R Churilla
- Department of Clinical and Applied Movement Sciences, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida; and
| | - Mary Summerlin
- Department of Clinical and Applied Movement Sciences, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida; and
| | - Michael R Richardson
- Department of Clinical and Applied Movement Sciences, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida; and
| | - Adrian J Boltz
- Department of Clinical and Applied Movement Sciences, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida; and.,Matthew A. Gfeller Sport-Related Traumatic Brain Injury Research Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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Mahmoud AG, Elhadidy EI, Hamza MS, Mohamed NE. Determining correlations between hand grip strength and anthropometric measurements in preschool children. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2020; 15:75-81. [PMID: 32110186 PMCID: PMC7033396 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2020.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose We aimed to assess normal values of hand grip strength in preschool children and to determine their correlations with anthropometric measurements. Methods According to (Indira and Rajeswari, 2015) a pilot study was performed before the current study in order to confirm the variation in values of grip strength in age ranged from 3-6 years old. Therefore, ten children from each age group was assigned and it showed a significant changes in the measurements of grip strength corresponding to the age. Thus, it was important to assign them to three groups based on age so the first group from 3 to 4 years old, the second group from 4 to 5 years old, the third group from 5 to 6 years old. Results The study included 636 normal preschool-age children. Grip strengths with the dominant hand were 26.87 ± 6.77 kPa, 29.78 ± 8.43 kPa, and 38.04 ± 8.55 kPa in the 3–4, 4–5, and 5–6 years age groups, respectively. With the non-dominant hand, grip strengths were 25.03 ± 7.19 kPa, 28.13 ± 8.43 kPa, and 33.74 ± 8.14 kPa, respectively. In the 3–4 years group, there were negative significant correlations between grip strength of the dominant hand and forearm circumference (FC) or hand circumference (HC). However, we found a positive non-significant correlation with hand length (HL). Grip strength of the non-dominant hand showed a negative significant correlation with FC, a positive non-significant correlation with HC, and a positive significant correlation with HL. Grip strength of both dominant and non-dominant hands in the 4–5 years group showed moderately positive significant correlations with all anthropometric measurements. Grip strength of both dominant and non-dominant hands in the 5–6 years group showed weak positive significant correlations with FC and moderate positive significant correlations with HC and HL. Conclusion This study established normal values of grip strength and demonstrated positive significant correlations between grip strength and FC, HC, and HL with increasing age in preschool children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amira G Mahmoud
- Faculty of Physical Therapy, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Mohamed S Hamza
- Faculty of Medicine, Misr University for Science and Technology, Giza, Egypt
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26
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Toong T, Wilson KE, Urban K, Paniccia M, Hunt AW, Keightley M, Reed N. Grip Strength in Youth Ice Hockey Players: Normative Values and Predictors of Performance. J Strength Cond Res 2019; 32:3494-3502. [PMID: 30216250 DOI: 10.1519/jsc.0000000000002815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Toong, T, Wilson, KE, Urban, K, Paniccia, M, Hunt, AW, Keightley, M, and Reed, N. Grip strength in youth ice hockey players: Normative values and predictors of performance. J Strength Cond Res 32(12): 3503-3511, 2018-Grip strength is a simple, valid, and reliable tool for estimating overall muscular strength, a key component of health-related fitness and sport performance. To date, there is a paucity of up-to-date and developmentally sensitive grip strength norms specific to youth-athlete populations. The objectives of this study are to (a) establish normative grip strength values in youth ice hockey players, (b) descriptively compare these values with existing Canadian pediatric norms, and (c) explore the relationship between age, sex, body mass, and hockey playing level on grip strength performance. A sample of 690 male and female youth ice hockey players between the ages of 10 and 16 years were included. Participants completed assessments of maximal grip strength using a hand dynamometer on both hands. In addition, age, sex, body mass, and hockey playing level were collected. Maximal absolute grip strength, stratified by age and sex, was higher than previously published Canadian pediatric norms. Grip strength increased with age in both sexes. Males and females performed similarly until 12 years of age, after which point males had greater strength. Individuals with greater body mass had greater strength. For the nondominant hand, competitive players had greater strength than those playing house league or select. This study describes normative grip strength values in youth ice hockey players according to age, sex, body mass, and playing level. These athlete-specific norms may be used to help evaluate and monitor changes in grip strength over time in youth ice hockey players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Toong
- Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Concussion Center, Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Katherine E Wilson
- Concussion Center, Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Karolina Urban
- Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Concussion Center, Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Melissa Paniccia
- Concussion Center, Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anne W Hunt
- Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Concussion Center, Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michelle Keightley
- Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Concussion Center, Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nick Reed
- Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Concussion Center, Bloorview Research Institute, Holland Bloorview Kids Rehabilitation Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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27
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Shetty M, Balasundaran S, Mullerpatan R. Grip and pinch strength: Reference values for children and adolescents from India. J Pediatr Rehabil Med 2019; 12:255-262. [PMID: 31476180 DOI: 10.3233/prm-180580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of the study was to provide reference values for grip and pinch strength for healthy children and adolescents in India. METHODS Grip and pinch strength were recorded for 900 participants stratified into 5 chronological age groups (5-6, 7-9, 10-12, 13-15 and 16-18 years). Grip strength was measured using a Jamar Dynamometer and pinch strength using a Martin vigorimeter. RESULTS The difference in grip and pinch strength between age groups was significant (p< 0.001 respectively). A linear rise in grip strength was noted from age groups of 5-6 years to 16-18 years. Moderate to strong positive association was observed between grip and pinch strength and upper extremity anthropometric characteristics (i.e., palmar width, hand span, hand length, arm length, forearm length, and upper limb length) from age groups of 5-6 years to 16-18 years. Boys demonstrated greater grip and pinch strength compared to girls in all age groups (p< 0.001). No difference was observed between the dominant and non-dominant hand in all age groups. CONCLUSIONS Findings from the present study provide reference values for grip strength, tip to tip, key and tripod pinch for healthy Indian children and adolescents from 5-18 years of age, which will be useful to guide rehabilitation outcomes in routine clinical practice.
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28
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Daloia LMT, Leonardi-Figueiredo MM, Martinez EZ, Mattiello-Sverzut AC. Isometric muscle strength in children and adolescents using Handheld dynamometry: reliability and normative data for the Brazilian population. Braz J Phys Ther 2018; 22:474-483. [PMID: 29802034 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjpt.2018.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Isometric muscle strength measured by Handheld dynamometer indicates physical ability. There is no normative data for the Brazilian population. This study aims (a) to describe the development of isometric muscle strength in healthy children and adolescents 5-15 years of age; (b) to evaluate Handheld dynamometer inter and intra-rater reliability. METHODS Isometric muscle strength was obtained for shoulder abduction, elbow and knee flexion and extension, dorsiflexion and plantar flexion in 55 boys and 55 girls, aged between 5 and 15 years. Inter-rater reliability was determined based on the evaluation of 2 raters, with a 20-min interval between them. Intra-rater reliability was based on 2 evaluations from the same rater, one week apart. Interclass correlation coefficient (ICC2,1; 3,1), Bland Altman plots and linear regression models with mixed effects were used to quantify inter and intra-rater reliability, agreement and associations with physical activity level and maturational factors. RESULTS A linear development of isometric muscular strength was observed for ages between 5 and 10. After age 10, boys showed a larger isometric muscular strength, when compared to girls. Both inter and intra-rater measurements of the Handheld dynamometer are reliable (ICC>0.63). CONCLUSIONS This study shows increase in isometric muscle strength starting at 10 years of age for boys, when compared to girls and inter and intra-rater reliability for the assessment of isometric strength, using the Handheld dynamometer for the muscle groups tested on the dominant and non-dominant side, for children between 5 and 15 years of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lígia Maria Tezo Daloia
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Marisa Maia Leonardi-Figueiredo
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Edson Zangiacomi Martinez
- Departamento de Medicina Social, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Claudia Mattiello-Sverzut
- Departamento de Ciências da Saúde, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil.
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Mohan A, Tharion G, Kumar RK, Devasahayam SR. An instrumented object for hand exercise and assessment using a pneumatic pressure sensor. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2018; 89:055004. [PMID: 29864878 DOI: 10.1063/1.5020348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Measurement of grip force is important for both exercise training and assessment of the hand during physical rehabilitation. The standard method uses a grip dynamometer which measures the force between the fingers and opposing thumb. The primary limitation of the grip dynamometer is the restriction of measurement to cylindrical grasps. Any deformation of the hand due to muscular or skeletal disease makes the grip dynamometer difficult or impossible to use. An alternative to the grip dynamometer is a sealed pneumatic object that can be gripped by the hand. Measurement of the internal pressure in the object can be related to the grip force. In this paper, we analyze such a pneumatic pressure sensing object for hand grip assessment and also describe an easy fabrication of the grip sensor. The instrumented object presented in this paper is designed to assess both the maximal voluntary grip forces and continuous grip force to monitor control of hand function during exercise under instruction from a therapist. Potential uses of such a pneumatic pressure sensing object for hand grip are in physical rehabilitation of patients following paralysing illnesses like stroke and spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mohan
- Department of Bioengineering, Christian Medical College Vellore, Vellore, India
| | - G Tharion
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Christian Medical College Vellore, Vellore, India
| | - R K Kumar
- Department of Engineering Design, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Madras, India
| | - S R Devasahayam
- Department of Bioengineering, Christian Medical College Vellore, Vellore, India
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Hulzebos E, Takken T, Reijneveld EA, Mulder MMG, Bongers BC. Reference Values for Respiratory Muscle Strength in Children and Adolescents. Respiration 2018; 95:235-243. [PMID: 29342462 DOI: 10.1159/000485464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Measurement of respiratory muscle function is important in the diagnosis of respiratory muscle disease, respiratory failure, to assess the impact of chronic diseases, and/or to evaluate respiratory muscle function after treatment. OBJECTIVES To establish reference values for maximal inspiratory and expiratory pressure, and the tension-time index at rest in healthy children and adolescents aged 8-19 years, as well as to present sex- and age-related reference centiles normalized for demographic and anthropometric determinants. METHODS In this cross-sectional observational study, demographic, anthropometric, and spirometric data were assessed, as well as data on respiratory muscle strength (PImax and PEmax) and work of breathing at rest (TT0.1), in a total of 251 children (117 boys and 134 girls; mean age 13.4 ± 2.9 years). Reference values are presented as reference centiles developed by use of the lambda, mu, sigma method. RESULTS Boys had significantly higher PImax and PEmax values. Next to sex and age, fat-free mass appeared to be an important predictor of respiratory muscle strength. Reference centiles demonstrated a slight, almost linear increase in PImax with age in boys, and a less steep increase with age in girls. TT0.1 values did not differ between boys and girls and decreased linearly with age. CONCLUSION This study provides reference values for respiratory muscle strength and work of breathing at rest. In addition to sex and age, fat-free mass was found to be an important predictor of respiratory muscle strength in boys and girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Hulzebos
- Child Development & Exercise Center, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Tim Takken
- Child Development & Exercise Center, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Elja A Reijneveld
- Physical Therapy Science, Program in Clinical Health Sciences, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Mark M G Mulder
- Child Development & Exercise Center, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Bart C Bongers
- Department of Epidemiology, Care and Public Health Research Institute (CAPHRI), Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.,SOMT University of Physiotherapy, Amersfoort, the Netherlands
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Wakayo T, Belachew T, Whiting SJ. Serum Vitamin D Level Associates With Handgrip Muscle Strength Among Ethiopian Schoolchildren: A Cross-Sectional Study. Food Nutr Bull 2017; 39:54-64. [PMID: 28823213 DOI: 10.1177/0379572117724545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite varying serum levels of 25(OH)D among schoolchildren in Ethiopia, data are lacking whether this affects their muscle function as measured by handgrip strength of these children. Handgrip strength may be used as a proxy indicator of muscle strength and function. This study evaluated the association between serum levels of 25(OH)D and handgrip strength among schoolchildren in Ethiopia. METHODS The study used a data set from a school-based cross-sectional study conducted on a total of 174 randomly selected schoolchildren from urban (N = 89) and rural (N = 85) settings of Adama Town and Adama Woreda, respectively. Handgrip strength, serum 25(OH)D levels, and anthropometry were measured for each child following standard procedures, while data on demographic characteristics of children and their parents were collected using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire. A multivariable linear regression model was used to determine the association between serum vitamin D level and handgrip strength after adjusting for other predictors. RESULTS The mean handgrip muscle strength of the students was 17.6 ± 6.9 kg. The average serum 25(OH)D for the group was 54.5 ± 15.8 nmol/L. On multivariable linear regression model, serum 25(OH)D level was significantly associated with handgrip strength (β = 0.06, P = .008) of the children after controlling for potential confounders. Other variables, female gender (β = -2.20, P = .004), age (β = 1.97, P < .001), height (β = .22, P < .001), weight (β = 0.33, P < .001), and triceps skinfold thickness (β = -0.19, P = .023), were identified to have significant association with handgrip strength of schoolchildren. CONCLUSION Serum 25(OH)D levels had significant positive association with handgrip strength of Ethiopian schoolchildren. The results imply the need for incorporating school nutrition education on consumption of foods rich in important nutrients including vitamin D-rich foods in the school curricula and also enhancing behavioral change communication toward exposure to sunlight in the school to produce adequate vitamin D. Further longitudinal study involving a larger sample is recommended to confirm the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tolassa Wakayo
- 1 College of Health Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Tefera Belachew
- 1 College of Health Sciences, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Susan J Whiting
- 2 College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
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Short-Term Effects of Whole-Body Vibration Combined with Task-Related Training on Upper Extremity Function, Spasticity, and Grip Strength in Subjects with Poststroke Hemiplegia: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Am J Phys Med Rehabil 2017; 95:608-17. [PMID: 26829094 DOI: 10.1097/phm.0000000000000454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to determine the effect of whole-body vibration training combined with task-related training on arm function, spasticity, and grip strength in subjects with poststroke hemiplegia. DESIGN Forty-five subjects with poststroke were randomly allocated to 3 groups, each with 15 subjects as follows: control group, whole-body vibration group, and whole-body vibration plus task-related training group. Outcome was evaluated by clinical evaluation and measurements of the grip strength before and 4 weeks after intervention. RESULTS Our results show that there was a significantly greater increase in the Fugl-Meyer scale, maximal grip strength of the affected hand, and grip strength normalized to the less affected hand in subjects undergoing the whole-body vibration training compared with the control group after the test. Furthermore, there was a significantly greater increase in the Wolf motor function test and a decrease in the modified Ashworth spasticity total scores in subjects who underwent whole-body vibration plus task-related training compared with those in the other 2 groups after the test. CONCLUSIONS The findings indicate that the use of whole-body vibration training combined with task-related training has more benefits on the improvement of arm function, spasticity, and maximal grip strength than conventional upper limb training alone or with whole-body vibration in people with poststroke hemiplegia.
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Bouma S, Peterson M, Gatza E, Choi SW. Nutritional status and weakness following pediatric hematopoietic cell transplantation. Pediatr Transplant 2016; 20:1125-1131. [PMID: 27770486 DOI: 10.1111/petr.12821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Survivorship after pediatric HCT has increased over the past decade. Focus on long-term care and well-being remains critical due to risk of poor dietary habits and exaggerated sedentary behavior, which can lead to muscle weakness, increased risk for obesity, and cardiometabolic disorders. Nutrition and physical activity are key factors in survivorship; however, data are limited. Comprehensive nutritional assessments, including nutrition-focused physical examination, grip strength, and food/activity surveys, were completed in 36 pediatric HCT survivors (aged 2-25 years). Patients were divided into undernutrition, normal-nutrition, and overnutrition categories. Fifty percent of participants were classified as normal nutrition, 22% undernutrition, and 28% overnutrition. Few patients met the U.S. Dietary Guidelines recommended intake for vegetables, fiber, saturated fat, and So FAS. Patients in the undernutrition group demonstrated significantly lower grip strength than those in the normal- and overnutrition groups. When grip strength was normalized to body mass, patients in the overnutrition group had the highest prevalence of weakness. Using NHANES reference data, maximum grip strength and NGS cutoffs were identified that could significantly distinguish the nutrition groups. Comprehensive nutritional assessments and grip strength measurements are feasible, non-invasive, easy to perform, and inform both under- and overnutrition in pediatric HCT survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Bouma
- Department of Pediatrics, Blood and Marrow Transplantation Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Mark Peterson
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Erin Gatza
- Department of Pediatrics, Blood and Marrow Transplantation Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Sung Won Choi
- Department of Pediatrics, Blood and Marrow Transplantation Program, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Grip strength measured by dynamometry is well established as an indicator of muscle status, particularly among older adults. This review was undertaken to provide a synopsis of recent literature addressing the clinical and prognostic value of hand-grip dynamometry. RECENT FINDINGS Numerous large-scale normative grip strength projects have been published lately. Other recent studies have reinforced the concurrent relationship of grip strength with measures of nutritional status or muscle mass and measures of function and health status. Studies published in the past few years have confirmed the value of grip strength as a predictor of mortality, hospital length of stay, and physical functioning. SUMMARY As a whole, the recent literature supports the use of hand-grip dynamometry as a fundamental element of the physical examination of patients, particularly if they are older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard W Bohannon
- Physical Therapy Program of the Department of Kinesiology, College of Agriculture, Health, and Natural Resources, University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut, USA
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Beer SS, Juarez MD, Vega MW, Canada NL. Pediatric Malnutrition: Putting the New Definition and Standards Into Practice. Nutr Clin Pract 2015; 30:609-24. [PMID: 26330113 DOI: 10.1177/0884533615600423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, much effort has been directed at redefining malnutrition in the pediatric population to include the acute clinical population in addition to the more traditional ambulatory populations. In 2013, an expert panel convened to perform a critical review of available literature to craft a new approach to malnutrition. Closely thereafter, the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics and the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition published recommended indicators for the identification and documentation of malnutrition in pediatric populations. The purpose of this article is to review the domains within the new definition of malnutrition in pediatric practice, describe populations in which the recommended indicators for identification and management are problematic in clinical practice, give case studies that apply the new definition, and finally describe the implementation of a malnutrition identification program within a large tertiary care children's hospital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacey S Beer
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition
| | | | | | - Nicki L Canada
- Department of Food and Nutrition Services, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas
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Tajika T, Kobayashi T, Yamamoto A, Shitara H, Ichinose T, Shimoyama D, Okura C, Kanazawa S, Nagai A, Takagishi K. Relationship between grip, pinch strengths and anthropometric variables, types of pitch throwing among Japanese high school baseball pitchers. Asian J Sports Med 2015; 6:e25330. [PMID: 25883777 PMCID: PMC4393547 DOI: 10.5812/asjsm.25330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2014] [Revised: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Grip and pinch strength are crucially important attributes and standard parameters related to the functional integrity of the hand. It seems significant to investigate normative data for grip and pinch strength of baseball players to evaluate their performance and condition. Nevertheless, few reports have explained the association between grip and pinch strength and anthropometric variables and types of pitch throwing for baseball pitchers. Objectives: The aim of this study was to measure and evaluate clinical normative data for grip and tip, key, palmar pinch strength and to assess the relationship between these data and anthropometric variables and types of pitch throwing among Japanese high-school baseball pitchers. Materials and Methods: One hundred-thirty three healthy high school baseball pitchers were examined and had completed a self-administered questionnaire including items related to age, hand dominance, throwing ratio of type of pitch. A digital dynamometer was used to measure grip strength and a pinch gauge to measure tip, key and palmer pinch in both dominant and nondominant side. Body composition was measured by the multi frequency segmental body composition analyzer. Results: Grip strength and tip and palmer pinch strength in dominant side were statistically greater than them in nondominant side (P < 0.05). There were significant associations between grip strength and height (r = 0.33, P < 0.001), body mass (r = 0.50, P < 0.001), BMI (r = 0.37, P < 0.001), muscle mass of upper extremity (r = 0.56, P < 0.001), fat free mass (r = 0.57, P < 0.001), fat mass (r = 0.22, P < 0.05) in dominant side. A stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that fat free mass and tip, palmer, key pinch strength were predictors of grip strength in dominant side. No statistical significant correlations were found between the throwing ratio of types of pitches thrown and grip strength and tip, key, palmar pinch strength. Conclusions: Our result provides normative values and evidences for grip and pinch strengths in high school baseball pitchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsuyoshi Tajika
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
- Corresponding author: Tsuyoshi Tajika, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan. Tel: +81-272208269, Fax: +81-27220-8270, E-mail:
| | - Tsutomu Kobayashi
- Department of Physical therapy, Takasaki University of Health and Welfare, Gunma, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yamamoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Shitara
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Ichinose
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Daisuke Shimoyama
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Chisa Okura
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Saeko Kanazawa
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Ayako Nagai
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Kenji Takagishi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
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