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Wang Z, Wang W, Li W, Yang R, Li Y, Zhang L, Zhang M, Li X. Effects of Near-Freezing Temperature Combined with Jujube Polysaccharides Treatment on Proteomic Analysis of 'Diaogan' Apricot ( Prunus armeniaca L.). Foods 2023; 12:4504. [PMID: 38137308 PMCID: PMC10742872 DOI: 10.3390/foods12244504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This study involved the extraction of polysaccharides from jujube for application in apricot storage. Although near-freezing temperature (NFT) storage is commonly employed for preserving fresh fruit, its effectiveness is somewhat limited. Incorporating jujube polysaccharides was proposed to augment the preservative effect on apricots. Our findings demonstrated that the combined use of NFT and jujube polysaccharides can maintain fruit color, and effectively inhibit decay. Additionally, Tandem Mass Tag (TMT) quantitative proteomic technology was utilized to analyze protein variations in 'Diaogan' apricots during storage. This dual approach not only markedly lowered the activity of polyphenol cell wall-degrading enzymes (p < 0.05) but also revealed 1054 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs), which are related to sugar and energy metabolism, stress response and defense, lipid metabolism, and cell wall degradation. The changes in DEPs indicated that the combined use of NFT and jujube polysaccharides could accelerate the conversion of malic acid to oxaloacetic acid and regulate antioxidant ability, potentially extending the storage lifespan of apricot fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wei Wang
- College of Food Science and Pharmacy, Xinjiang Agricultural University, Urumqi 830052, China
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Bueren EK, Weinheimer AR, Aylward FO, Hsu BB, Haak DC, Belden LK. Characterization of prophages in bacterial genomes from the honey bee ( Apis mellifera) gut microbiome. PeerJ 2023; 11:e15383. [PMID: 37312882 PMCID: PMC10259446 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.15383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The gut of the European honey bee (Apis mellifera) possesses a relatively simple bacterial community, but little is known about its community of prophages (temperate bacteriophages integrated into the bacterial genome). Although prophages may eventually begin replicating and kill their bacterial hosts, they can also sometimes be beneficial for their hosts by conferring protection from other phage infections or encoding genes in metabolic pathways and for toxins. In this study, we explored prophages in 17 species of core bacteria in the honey bee gut and two honey bee pathogens. Out of the 181 genomes examined, 431 putative prophage regions were predicted. Among core gut bacteria, the number of prophages per genome ranged from zero to seven and prophage composition (the compositional percentage of each bacterial genome attributable to prophages) ranged from 0 to 7%. Snodgrassella alvi and Gilliamella apicola had the highest median prophages per genome (3.0 ± 1.46; 3.0 ± 1.59), as well as the highest prophage composition (2.58% ± 1.4; 3.0% ± 1.59). The pathogen Paenibacillus larvae had a higher median number of prophages (8.0 ± 5.33) and prophage composition (6.40% ± 3.08) than the pathogen Melissococcus plutonius or any of the core bacteria. Prophage populations were highly specific to their bacterial host species, suggesting most prophages were acquired recently relative to the divergence of these bacterial groups. Furthermore, functional annotation of the predicted genes encoded within the prophage regions indicates that some prophages in the honey bee gut encode additional benefits to their bacterial hosts, such as genes in carbohydrate metabolism. Collectively, this survey suggests that prophages within the honey bee gut may contribute to the maintenance and stability of the honey bee gut microbiome and potentially modulate specific members of the bacterial community, particularly S. alvi and G. apicola.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma K. Bueren
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech), Blacksburg, VA, United States of America
| | - Alaina R. Weinheimer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech), Blacksburg, VA, United States of America
| | - Frank O. Aylward
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech), Blacksburg, VA, United States of America
| | - Bryan B. Hsu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech), Blacksburg, VA, United States of America
| | - David C. Haak
- School of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech), Blacksburg, VA, United States of America
| | - Lisa K. Belden
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech), Blacksburg, VA, United States of America
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CsAGA1 and CsAGA2 Mediate RFO Hydrolysis in Partially Distinct Manner in Cucumber Fruits. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413285. [PMID: 34948084 PMCID: PMC8706097 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
A Raffinose family oligosaccharides (RFOs) is one of the major translocated sugars in the vascular bundle of cucumber, but little RFOs can be detected in fruits. Alpha-galactosidases (α-Gals) catalyze the first catabolism step of RFOs. Six α-Gal genes exist in a cucumber genome, but their spatial functions in fruits remain unclear. Here, we found that RFOs were highly accumulated in vascular tissues. In phloem sap, the stachyose and raffinose content was gradually decreased, whereas the content of sucrose, glucose and fructose was increased from pedicel to fruit top. Three alkaline forms instead of acid forms of α-Gals were preferentially expressed in fruit vascular tissues and alkaline forms have stronger RFO-hydrolysing activity than acid forms. By inducible gene silencing of three alkaline forms of α-Gals, stachyose was highly accumulated in RNAi-CsAGA2 plants, while raffinose and stachyose were highly accumulated in RNAi-CsAGA1 plants. The content of sucrose, glucose and fructose was decreased in both RNAi-CsAGA1 and RNAi-CsAGA2 plants after β-estradiol treatment. In addition, the fresh- and dry-weight of fruits were significantly decreased in RNAi-CsAGA1 and RNAi-CsAGA2 plants. In cucurbitaceous plants, the non-sweet motif within the promoter of ClAGA2 is widely distributed in the promoter of its homologous genes. Taken together, we found RFOs hydrolysis occurred in the vascular tissues of fruits. CsAGA1 and CsAGA2 played key but partly distinct roles in the hydrolysis of RFOs.
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Zhang ZP, Liu YC, Dai HB, Miao MM. Characteristics and expression patterns of six α-galactosidases in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). PLoS One 2021; 16:e0244714. [PMID: 33434225 PMCID: PMC7802950 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0244714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Six putative α-galactosidase genes (α-Gals), three acid forms (CsGAL1, CsGAL2, CsGAL3) and three alkaline forms (CsAGA1, CsAGA2, CsAGAL3), were found in the cucumber genome. It is interesting to know the expression pattern and possible function of these α-Gals in the cucumber plant since it is a stachyose-translocating species. In this study, full-length cDNAs of six α-Gals were cloned and heterologously expressed. The result showed that all recombinant proteins revealed acid or alkaline α-Gal activities with different substrate specificities and pH or temperature responding curves, indicating their distinct roles in cucumber plants. Phylogenetic analysis of collected α-Gal amino acid sequences from different plants indicated that the ancestor of both acid and alkaline α-Gals existed before monocots and dicots separated. Generally, six α-Gal genes are universally expressed in different cucumber organs. CsGAL2 highly expressed in fasting-growing leaves, fruits and germinating seeds; CsGAL3 mainly distributes in vacuoles and significantly expressed in cucumber fruits, senescent leaves and seeds during late stage germination; The expression of CsAGA1 increased from leaf 1 to leaf 3 (sink leaves) and then declined from leaf 4 to leaf 7 (source leaves), and this isoform also highly expressed in male flowers and germinating seeds at early stage; CsAGA2 significantly expressed in cucumber leaves and female flowers; CsAGA3 is localized in plastids and also actively expressed in senescent leaves and germinating seeds; The role of CsGAL1 in cucumber plants is now unclear since its expression was relatively low in all organs. According to their expression patterns, subcellular localizations and previously reported functions of these isoforms in other plants, combining the data of soluble sugars contents in different tissues, the possible functions of these α-Gals were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-ping Zhang
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yan-cheng Liu
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hai-bo Dai
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Min-min Miao
- School of Horticulture and Plant Protection, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, People’s Republic of China
- * E-mail:
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5
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Liu K, Yuan C, Li H, Chen K, Lu L, Shen C, Zheng X. A qualitative proteome-wide lysine crotonylation profiling of papaya (Carica papaya L.). Sci Rep 2018; 8:8230. [PMID: 29844531 PMCID: PMC5974297 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-26676-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysine crotonylation of histone proteins is a recently-identified post-translational modification with multiple cellular functions. However, no information about lysine crotonylation of non-histone proteins in fruit cells is available. Using high-resolution LC-MS/MS coupled with highly sensitive immune-affinity antibody analysis, a global crotonylation proteome analysis of papaya fruit (Carica papaya L.) was performed. In total, 2,120 proteins with 5,995 lysine crotonylation sites were discovered, among which eight conserved motifs were identified. Bioinformatic analysis linked crotonylated proteins to multiple metabolic pathways, including biosynthesis of antibiotics, carbon metabolism, biosynthesis of amino acids, and glycolysis. particularly, 40 crotonylated enzymes involved in various pathways of amino acid metabolism were identified, suggesting a potential conserved function for crotonylation in the regulation of amino acid metabolism. Numerous crotonylation sites were identified in proteins involved in the hormone signaling and cell wall-related pathways. Our comprehensive crotonylation proteome indicated diverse functions for lysine crotonylation in papaya.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaidong Liu
- Life Science and Technology School, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524048, China. .,College of Bioscience and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China.
| | - Changchun Yuan
- Life Science and Technology School, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524048, China
| | - Haili Li
- Life Science and Technology School, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524048, China
| | - Kunyan Chen
- Life Science and Technology School, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524048, China
| | - Lishi Lu
- Life Science and Technology School, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524048, China
| | - Chenjia Shen
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Xiaolin Zheng
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310035, China.
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6
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Liu K, Yuan C, Li H, Chen K, Lu L, Shen C, Zheng X. A qualitative proteome-wide lysine crotonylation profiling of papaya (Carica papaya L.). Sci Rep 2018. [PMID: 29844531 DOI: 10.1038/s41598018-26676-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysine crotonylation of histone proteins is a recently-identified post-translational modification with multiple cellular functions. However, no information about lysine crotonylation of non-histone proteins in fruit cells is available. Using high-resolution LC-MS/MS coupled with highly sensitive immune-affinity antibody analysis, a global crotonylation proteome analysis of papaya fruit (Carica papaya L.) was performed. In total, 2,120 proteins with 5,995 lysine crotonylation sites were discovered, among which eight conserved motifs were identified. Bioinformatic analysis linked crotonylated proteins to multiple metabolic pathways, including biosynthesis of antibiotics, carbon metabolism, biosynthesis of amino acids, and glycolysis. particularly, 40 crotonylated enzymes involved in various pathways of amino acid metabolism were identified, suggesting a potential conserved function for crotonylation in the regulation of amino acid metabolism. Numerous crotonylation sites were identified in proteins involved in the hormone signaling and cell wall-related pathways. Our comprehensive crotonylation proteome indicated diverse functions for lysine crotonylation in papaya.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaidong Liu
- Life Science and Technology School, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524048, China.
- College of Bioscience and Technology, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, 410128, China.
| | - Changchun Yuan
- Life Science and Technology School, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524048, China
| | - Haili Li
- Life Science and Technology School, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524048, China
| | - Kunyan Chen
- Life Science and Technology School, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524048, China
| | - Lishi Lu
- Life Science and Technology School, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, 524048, China
| | - Chenjia Shen
- College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 310036, China
| | - Xiaolin Zheng
- College of Food Science and Biotechnology, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, 310035, China.
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do Prado SBR, Melfi PR, Castro-Alves VC, Broetto SG, Araújo ES, do Nascimento JRO, Fabi JP. Physiological Degradation of Pectin in Papaya Cell Walls: Release of Long Chains Galacturonans Derived from Insoluble Fractions during Postharvest Fruit Ripening. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2016; 7:1120. [PMID: 27512402 PMCID: PMC4961711 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Papaya (Carica papaya L.) is a fleshy fruit that presents a rapid pulp softening during ripening. However, the timeline on how papaya pectinases act in polysaccharide solubilization and the consequent modification of the cell wall fractions during ripening is still not clear. In this work, the gene expression correlations between, on one hand, 16 enzymes potentially acting during papaya cell wall disassembling and, on the other hand, the monosaccharide composition of cell wall fractions during papaya ripening were evaluated. In order to explain differences in the ripening of papaya samplings, the molecular mass distribution of polysaccharides from water-soluble and oxalate-soluble fractions (WSF and OSF, respectively), as well as the oligosaccharide profiling from the WSF fraction, were evaluated by high performance size exclusion chromatography coupled to a refractive index detector and high performance anion-exchange chromatography coupled to pulse amperometric detection analyses, respectively. Results showed that up-regulated polygalacturonase and β-galactosidase genes were positively correlated with some monosaccharide profiles. In addition, an overall increase in the retention time of high molecular weight (HMW) and low molecular weight (LMW) polysaccharides in WSF and OSF was shown. The apparent disappearance of one HMW peak of the OSF may result from the conversion of pectin that were crosslinked with calcium into more soluble forms through the action of PGs, which would increase the solubilization of polysaccharides by lowering their molecular weight. Thus, the results allowed us to propose a detailed process of papaya cell wall disassembling that would affect sensorial properties and post-harvesting losses of this commercially important fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira B. R. do Prado
- Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo R. Melfi
- Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Victor C. Castro-Alves
- Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sabrina G. Broetto
- Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elias S. Araújo
- Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - João R. O. do Nascimento
- Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
- University of São Paulo – NAPAN – Food and Nutrition Research CenterSão Paulo, Brazil
- Food Research Center, CEPID-FAPESP (Research, Innovation and Dissemination Centers, São Paulo Research Foundation)São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João P. Fabi
- Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
- University of São Paulo – NAPAN – Food and Nutrition Research CenterSão Paulo, Brazil
- Food Research Center, CEPID-FAPESP (Research, Innovation and Dissemination Centers, São Paulo Research Foundation)São Paulo, Brazil
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Bakunina IY, Balabanova LA, Pennacchio A, Trincone A. Hooked on α-d-galactosidases: from biomedicine to enzymatic synthesis. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2015; 36:233-45. [PMID: 25394540 DOI: 10.3109/07388551.2014.949618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
α-d-Galactosidases (EC 3.2.1.22) are enzymes employed in a number of useful bio-based applications. We have depicted a comprehensive general survey of α-d-galactosidases from different origin with special emphasis on marine example(s). The structures of natural α-galactosyl containing compounds are described. In addition to 3D structures and mechanisms of action of α-d-galactosidases, different sources, natural function and genetic regulation are also covered. Finally, hydrolytic and synthetic exploitations as free or immobilized biocatalysts are reviewed. Interest in the synthetic aspects during the next years is anticipated for access to important small molecules by green technology with an emphasis on alternative selectivity of this class of enzymes from different sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Yu Bakunina
- a G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences , Vladivostok , Russia and
| | - Larissa A Balabanova
- a G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences , Vladivostok , Russia and
| | - Angela Pennacchio
- b Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche , Pozzuoli , Napoli , Italy
| | - Antonio Trincone
- b Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche , Pozzuoli , Napoli , Italy
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Fabi JP, Broetto SG, da Silva SLGL, Zhong S, Lajolo FM, do Nascimento JRO. Analysis of papaya cell wall-related genes during fruit ripening indicates a central role of polygalacturonases during pulp softening. PLoS One 2014; 9:e105685. [PMID: 25162506 PMCID: PMC4146514 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0105685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Papaya (Carica papaya L.) is a climacteric fleshy fruit that undergoes dramatic changes during ripening, most noticeably a severe pulp softening. However, little is known regarding the genetics of the cell wall metabolism in papayas. The present work describes the identification and characterization of genes related to pulp softening. We used gene expression profiling to analyze the correlations and co-expression networks of cell wall-related genes, and the results suggest that papaya pulp softening is accomplished by the interactions of multiple glycoside hydrolases. The polygalacturonase cpPG1 appeared to play a central role in the network and was further studied. The transient expression of cpPG1 in papaya results in pulp softening and leaf necrosis in the absence of ethylene action and confirms its role in papaya fruit ripening.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Paulo Fabi
- Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, FCF, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- University of São Paulo, – NAPAN – Food and Nutrition Research Center, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Garcia Broetto
- Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, FCF, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Silin Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, School of Life Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Franco Maria Lajolo
- Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, FCF, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- University of São Paulo, – NAPAN – Food and Nutrition Research Center, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Roberto Oliveira do Nascimento
- Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, FCF, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- University of São Paulo, – NAPAN – Food and Nutrition Research Center, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Konozy EHE, Rogniaux H, Causse M, Faurobert M. Proteomic analysis of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) secretome. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2013; 126:251-266. [PMID: 22892874 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-012-0516-4 [epub ahead of print]] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In fleshy fruits, fruit texture features are mainly related to chemical and mechanical properties of the cell wall. The description of tomato fruit cell wall proteome is a first step in the process of linking tomato genetic variability to fruit texture phenotypes. In this study, the proteome of 3 ripe tomato fruit lines with contrasted texture traits were studied. Weakly bound and soluble proteins were extracted from cell wall of the three cultivars using both destructive and non-destructive methods, respectively. Wall proteins were separated on 1D-PAGE, bands were excised and identified by LC-MS/MS. The software SignalP which searches for the leader peptide was used to discriminate between protein with or without signal peptide. In combine, seventy-five different cell wall proteins were recorded for both weakly bound and soluble cell wall fractions. The major identified functions included several proteins acting on polysaccharides, proteins involved in "lipid metabolism", proteins having interacting domain, "oxido-reductases" and "proteases" whose putative roles in ripe fruit cell wall is discussed. Several proteins with no obvious signal peptide, however, with accumulating supportive evidences to be bona fide wall proteins, were also identified. Some variations in protein repertories were observed among the lines, demonstrating the possibility to characterize cell wall protein genetic variability by such in muro proteome analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emadeldin H E Konozy
- Unité de Génétique et Amélioration des Fruits et Légumes, INRA, BP 94, 84143 Montfavet, France.
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11
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Konozy EHE, Rogniaux H, Causse M, Faurobert M. Proteomic analysis of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) secretome. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2013; 126:251-66. [PMID: 22892874 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-012-0516-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2012] [Accepted: 07/02/2012] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
In fleshy fruits, fruit texture features are mainly related to chemical and mechanical properties of the cell wall. The description of tomato fruit cell wall proteome is a first step in the process of linking tomato genetic variability to fruit texture phenotypes. In this study, the proteome of 3 ripe tomato fruit lines with contrasted texture traits were studied. Weakly bound and soluble proteins were extracted from cell wall of the three cultivars using both destructive and non-destructive methods, respectively. Wall proteins were separated on 1D-PAGE, bands were excised and identified by LC-MS/MS. The software SignalP which searches for the leader peptide was used to discriminate between protein with or without signal peptide. In combine, seventy-five different cell wall proteins were recorded for both weakly bound and soluble cell wall fractions. The major identified functions included several proteins acting on polysaccharides, proteins involved in "lipid metabolism", proteins having interacting domain, "oxido-reductases" and "proteases" whose putative roles in ripe fruit cell wall is discussed. Several proteins with no obvious signal peptide, however, with accumulating supportive evidences to be bona fide wall proteins, were also identified. Some variations in protein repertories were observed among the lines, demonstrating the possibility to characterize cell wall protein genetic variability by such in muro proteome analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emadeldin H E Konozy
- Unité de Génétique et Amélioration des Fruits et Légumes, INRA, BP 94, 84143 Montfavet, France.
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12
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Fabi JP, Seymour GB, Graham NS, Broadley MR, May ST, Lajolo FM, Cordenunsi BR, Oliveira do Nascimento JR. Analysis of ripening-related gene expression in papaya using an Arabidopsis-based microarray. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2012; 12:242. [PMID: 23256600 PMCID: PMC3562526 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-12-242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Papaya (Carica papaya L.) is a commercially important crop that produces climacteric fruits with a soft and sweet pulp that contain a wide range of health promoting phytochemicals. Despite its importance, little is known about transcriptional modifications during papaya fruit ripening and their control. In this study we report the analysis of ripe papaya transcriptome by using a cross-species (XSpecies) microarray technique based on the phylogenetic proximity between papaya and Arabidopsis thaliana. RESULTS Papaya transcriptome analyses resulted in the identification of 414 ripening-related genes with some having their expression validated by qPCR. The transcription profile was compared with that from ripening tomato and grape. There were many similarities between papaya and tomato especially with respect to the expression of genes encoding proteins involved in primary metabolism, regulation of transcription, biotic and abiotic stress and cell wall metabolism. XSpecies microarray data indicated that transcription factors (TFs) of the MADS-box, NAC and AP2/ERF gene families were involved in the control of papaya ripening and revealed that cell wall-related gene expression in papaya had similarities to the expression profiles seen in Arabidopsis during hypocotyl development. CONCLUSION The cross-species array experiment identified a ripening-related set of genes in papaya allowing the comparison of transcription control between papaya and other fruit bearing taxa during the ripening process.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Paulo Fabi
- University of São Paulo, Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, FCF, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Graham B Seymour
- Plant and Crop Sciences Division, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leics, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Neil S Graham
- Plant and Crop Sciences Division, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leics, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Martin R Broadley
- Plant and Crop Sciences Division, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leics, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Sean T May
- Plant and Crop Sciences Division, School of Biosciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, Leics, LE12 5RD, UK
| | - Franco Maria Lajolo
- University of São Paulo, Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, FCF, São Paulo, Brazil
- University of São Paulo, – NAPAN – Food and Nutrition Research Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Rosana Cordenunsi
- University of São Paulo, Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, FCF, São Paulo, Brazil
- University of São Paulo, – NAPAN – Food and Nutrition Research Center, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - João Roberto Oliveira do Nascimento
- University of São Paulo, Department of Food Science and Experimental Nutrition, FCF, São Paulo, Brazil
- University of São Paulo, – NAPAN – Food and Nutrition Research Center, São Paulo, Brazil
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Yao BN, Tano K, Konan HK, Bédié GK, Oulé MK, Koffi-Nevry R, Arul J. The role of hydrolases in the loss of firmness and of the changes in sugar content during the post-harvest maturation of Carica papaya L. var solo 8. Journal of Food Science and Technology 2012; 51:3309-16. [PMID: 26396325 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-012-0858-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 09/08/2012] [Accepted: 09/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Fruit ripening is associated with many hydrolase activities involved in the softening of the fruit during the maturation. This study investigates the relationship between the loss of firmness along with the changes of sugar content and the enzymatic activities in Carica papaya L.var solo 8 during post-harvest storage. Three maturation stages (green immature: the fruit is entirely green, green mature: the fruit shows 1/32 yellow skin and fully mature: the fruit shows 1/8 yellow skin) have been selected and stored at 15, 22 and 28 °C. The reduction of fruit firmness, total sugar contents, refractive index (% Brix) and enzymatic activities were measured. Low enzymatic activities (0.035 μmol/min/mg) were recorded in fruit harvested at the green immature stage with no significant (p ≥ 0.05) effect on the softening while fruit harvested at the green mature and fully mature stages showed enzymatic activities 7 times as high as those of the green immature stage. These high enzymatic activities were responsible for the loss of firmness of the fruit. Accordingly, papayas at the green mature and fully mature stages displayed higher maxima of sugar content (4.8 g/100 g at 28 °C at day 12, and 10.2 g/100 g at 22 °C at day 8, respectively) at higher temperatures. Meanwhile in green immature papayas, the maximum was only 4.3 g/100 g at 22 °C and day 12 of storage. The results show that the loss of firmness of the papaya was highly related to the hydrolytic enzyme activities and the sweet taste to the presence of simple sugars such as galactose liberated from the polysaccharide complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin N Yao
- Laboratory of Food Biochemistry and Tropical Products Technology, Department of Food Science and Technology, Abobo-Adjamé University, Abidjan, 02 B.P. 801, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Kablan Tano
- Laboratory of Food Biochemistry and Tropical Products Technology, Department of Food Science and Technology, Abobo-Adjamé University, Abidjan, 02 B.P. 801, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Hubert K Konan
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Food Technology, Abobo-Adjamé University, Abidjan, 02 BP 801 Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Gerard K Bédié
- Laboratory of Food Biochemistry and Tropical Products Technology, Department of Food Science and Technology, Abobo-Adjamé University, Abidjan, 02 B.P. 801, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Mathias K Oulé
- Faculty of Sciences, University College of Saint-Boniface, 200 Avenue de la Cathédrale, Winnipeg, Manitoba Canada R2H 0H7
| | - Rose Koffi-Nevry
- Laboratory of biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Abobo-Adjamé, 02 BP 801 Abidjan 02, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Joseph Arul
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition and Horticulture Research Center, Laval University, Sainte-Foy, Quebec Canada G1K 7P4
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Chern MK, Li HY, Chen PF, Chien SF. Taro α-galactosidase: A new gene product for blood conversion. BIOCATALYSIS AND AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcab.2011.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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15
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Nogueira SB, Labate CA, Gozzo FC, Pilau EJ, Lajolo FM, Oliveira do Nascimento JR. Proteomic analysis of papaya fruit ripening using 2DE-DIGE. J Proteomics 2011; 75:1428-39. [PMID: 22134357 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2011.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2011] [Revised: 10/20/2011] [Accepted: 11/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Papayas have a very short green life as a result of their rapid pulp softening as well as their susceptibility to physical injury and mold growth. The ripening-related changes take place very quickly, and there is a continued interest in the reduction of postharvest losses. Proteins have a central role in biological processes, and differential proteomics enables the discrimination of proteins affected during papaya ripening. A comparative analysis of the proteomes of climacteric and pre-climacteric papayas was performed using 2DE-DIGE. Third seven proteins corresponding to spots with significant differences in abundance during ripening were submitted to MS analysis, and 27 proteins were identified and classified into six main categories related to the metabolic changes occurring during ripening. Proteins from the cell wall (alpha-galactosidase and invertase), ethylene biosynthesis (methionine synthase), climacteric respiratory burst, stress response, synthesis of carotenoid precursors (hydroxymethylbutenyl 4-diphosphate synthase, GcpE), and chromoplast differentiation (fibrillin) were identified. There was some correspondence between the identified proteins and the data from previous transcript profiling of papaya fruit, but new, accumulated proteins were identified, which reinforces the importance of differential proteomics as a tool to investigate ripening and provides potentially useful information for maintaining fruit quality and minimizing postharvest losses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Beserra Nogueira
- Laboratório de Química, Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular de Alimentos, FCF, Universidade de São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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16
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Activity of Debaryomyces hansenii UFV-1 α-galactosidases against α-d-galactopyranoside derivatives. Carbohydr Res 2011; 346:602-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2011.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2009] [Revised: 01/10/2011] [Accepted: 01/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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17
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Dahal D, Pich A, Braun HP, Wydra K. Analysis of cell wall proteins regulated in stem of susceptible and resistant tomato species after inoculation with Ralstonia solanacearum: a proteomic approach. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2010; 73:643-58. [PMID: 20496099 PMCID: PMC3128696 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-010-9646-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2009] [Accepted: 05/01/2010] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Proteomics approach was used to elucidate the molecular interactions taking place at the stem cell wall level when tomato species were inoculated with Ralstonia solanacearum, a causative agent of bacterial wilt. Cell wall proteins from both resistant and susceptible plants before and after the bacterial inoculation were extracted from purified cell wall with salt buffers and separated with 2-D IEF/SDS-PAGE and with 3-D IEF/SDS/SDS-PAGE for basic proteins. The gels stained with colloidal Coomassie revealed varied abundance of protein spots between two species (eight proteins in higher abundance in resistant and six other in susceptible). Moreover, proteins were regulated differentially in response to bacterial inoculation in resistant (seven proteins increased and eight other decreased) as well as in susceptible plants (five proteins elevated and eight other suppressed). Combination of MALDI-TOF/TOF MS and LC-ESI-IonTrap MS/MS lead to the identification of those proteins. Plants responded to pathogen inoculation by elevating the expression of pathogenesis related, other defense related and glycolytic proteins in both species. However, cell wall metabolic proteins in susceptible, and antioxidant, stress related as well as energy metabolism proteins in resistant lines were suppressed. Most of the proteins of the comparative analysis and other randomly picked spots were predicted to have secretion signals except some classical cytosolic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diwakar Dahal
- Institute for Plant Diseases and Plant Protection, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Leibniz Universität Hannover, Herrenhäuser Str.2, 30419 Hannover, Germany.
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18
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Liu X, Meng K, Wang Y, Shi P, Yuan T, Yang P, Luo H, Bai Y, Yao B. Gene cloning, expression and characterization of an α-galactosidase from Pedobacter nyackensis MJ11 CGMCC 2503 with potential as an aquatic feed additive. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-009-0057-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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19
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Cloning and functional expression of an alpha-galactosidase from Yersinia pestis biovar Microtus str. 91001. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2008; 72:2203-5. [PMID: 18685186 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.80145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A gene encoding a glycoside hydrolase (GH) family 36 alpha-galactosidase was cloned from Yersinia pestis biovar Microtus str. 91001 and expressed in Escherichia coli. The purified recombinant alpha-galactosidase (Aga-Y) was optimally active at 37 degrees C and pH 6.8. The features of temperature profile, thermoliability, kinetics, and amino acid composition indicated that Aga-Y had properties of a cold-adapted enzyme.
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20
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Purification and Characterization of Thermostable α-Galactosidase from Aspergillus terreus GR. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2008; 152:275-85. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-008-8271-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2007] [Accepted: 05/01/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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21
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Manenoi A, Paull RE. Papaya fruit softening, endoxylanase gene expression, protein and activity. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2007; 131:470-80. [PMID: 18251885 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3054.2007.00967.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Papaya (Carica papaya L.) cell wall matrix polysaccharides are modified as the fruit starts to soften during ripening and an endoxylanase is expressed that may play a role in the softening process. Endoxylanase gene expression, protein amount and activity were determined in papaya cultivars that differ in softening pattern and in one cultivar where softening was modified by the ethylene receptor inhibitor 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP). Antibodies to the endoxylanase catalytic domain were used to determine protein accumulation. The three papaya varieties used in the study, 'Line 8', 'Sunset', and 'Line 4-16', differed in softening pattern, respiration rate, ethylene production and showed similar parallel relationships during ripening and softening in endoxylanase expression, protein level and activity. When fruit of the three papaya varieties showed the respiratory climacteric and started to soften, the level of endoxylanase gene expression increased and this increase was related to the amount of endoxylanase protein at 32 kDa and its activity. Fruit when treated at less than 10% skin yellow stage with 1-MCP showed a significant delay in the respiratory climacteric and softening, and reduced ethylene production, and when ripe was firmer and had a 'rubbery' texture. The 1-MCP-treated fruit that had the 'rubbery' texture showed suppressed endoxylanase gene expression, protein and enzymatic activity. Little or no delay occurred between endoxylanase gene expression and the appearance of activity during posttranslational processing from 65 to 32 kDa. The close relationship between endoxylanase gene expression, protein accumulation and activity in different varieties and the failure of the 1-MCP-treated fruit to fully soften, supported de novo synthesis of endoxylanase, rapid posttranslation processing and a role in papaya fruit softening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashariya Manenoi
- Department of Tropical Plant and Soil Sciences, University of Hawaii at Manoa, HI, USA
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22
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Differences in morphology and composition of skin and pulp cell walls from grapes (Vitis vinifera L.): technological implications. Eur Food Res Technol 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-007-0714-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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