1
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Tomas J, Lafite P, Schuler M, Tatibouët A. Enzyme-Triggered Chromogenic and Fluorogenic Probes for Myrosinase Activity Detection. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024. [PMID: 39385497 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.4c03326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/12/2024]
Abstract
Myrosinase, a thioglucosidase, is a key enzyme in the mechanism of defense of plants that hydrolyzes glucosinolates (GSLs) into isothiocyanates. These isothiocyanates are the main bioactive molecules exerting protective effect in Brassicales plants. These plants that contain this specific enzyme-substrate couple belong to our daily human diet and have demonstrated health benefits, such as chemopreventive effects. Thus, the detection of myrosinase activity is a key aspect of the production of isothiocyanates from glucosinolates. Two novel chromogenic and fluorogenic GSLs, GSL p-nitrophenoxy (GSL-pNP) and GSL-4-methylumbelliferone (GSL-4MU), were designed and synthesized to be used as simple and reliable molecular tools to spectrophotometrically detect myrosinase activity in simple and complex mixtures. Notably, the chromogenic GSL enabled the UV-vis detection and quantification of isolated myrosinase activity, while fluorogenic GSL could be used for in vitro activity monitoring of more complex plant materials, such as seeds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josip Tomas
- Université d'Orléans et CNRS, ICOA, UMR 7311, BP 6759, Orléans F-45067, France
| | - Pierre Lafite
- Université d'Orléans et CNRS, ICOA, UMR 7311, BP 6759, Orléans F-45067, France
| | - Marie Schuler
- Université d'Orléans et CNRS, ICOA, UMR 7311, BP 6759, Orléans F-45067, France
| | - Arnaud Tatibouët
- Université d'Orléans et CNRS, ICOA, UMR 7311, BP 6759, Orléans F-45067, France
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2
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Tian M, Yu P, Li Z, Liu C, Liang H, Yuan Q. Effects and mechanism of metal ions on the stability of glucosinolates in aqueous solution. Food Chem 2024; 448:139098. [PMID: 38537546 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.139098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/24/2024]
Abstract
Glucosinolates (GLs) are important precursors of anticancer isothiocyanates in cruciferous plants. However, GLs in aqueous solution have been found to decompose under certain conditions, and the effect of metal ions remains unclear. In this study, high-purity glucoraphanin and glucoraphenin were used to explore the effects of metal ions with thermal treatment. The degree of GLs decomposition was affected by the type and concentration of metal ions, temperature, and duration of heating. Fe3+ (1 mM) was found to cause the decomposition of 78.1 % of glucoraphanin and 94.7 % of glucoraphenin in 12 h at 100 °C, while Cu2+ completely decomposed both GLs. The decomposition products were all the corresponding nitriles, and decomposition dynamic curves were first-order. In addition to accelerating hydrolysis, metal ions may promote the generation of nitriles as catalysts. The exploration of GLs decomposition could help to adopt more effective methods to avoid the formation of toxic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mintong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China; College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Purui Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China; College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Zehua Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China; College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Ce Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China; College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China
| | - Hao Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China; College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China.
| | - Qipeng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China; College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, PR China.
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3
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Habtemariam S. Anti-Inflammatory Therapeutic Mechanisms of Isothiocyanates: Insights from Sulforaphane. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1169. [PMID: 38927376 PMCID: PMC11200786 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12061169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Isothiocyanates (ITCs) belong to a group of natural products that possess a highly reactive electrophilic -N=C=S functional group. They are stored in plants as precursor molecules, glucosinolates, which are processed by the tyrosinase enzyme upon plant tissue damage to release ITCs, along with other products. Isolated from broccoli, sulforaphane is by far the most studied antioxidant ITC, acting primarily through the induction of a transcription factor, the nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), which upregulates downstream antioxidant genes/proteins. Paradoxically, sulforaphane, as a pro-oxidant compound, can also increase the levels of reactive oxygen species, a mechanism which is attributed to its anticancer effect. Beyond highlighting the common pro-oxidant and antioxidant effects of sulforaphane, the present paper was designed to assess the diverse anti-inflammatory mechanisms reported to date using a variety of in vitro and in vivo experimental models. Sulforaphane downregulates the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, chemokines, adhesion molecules, cycloxyhenase-2, and inducible nitric oxide synthase. The signalling pathways of nuclear factor κB, activator protein 1, sirtuins 1, silent information regulator sirtuin 1 and 3, and microRNAs are among those affected by sulforaphane. These anti-inflammatory actions are sometimes due to direct action via interaction with the sulfhydryl structural moiety of cysteine residues in enzymes/proteins. The following are among the topics discussed in this paper: paradoxical signalling pathways such as the immunosuppressant or immunostimulant mechanisms; crosstalk between the oxidative and inflammatory pathways; and effects dependent on health and disease states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Solomon Habtemariam
- Pharmacognosy Research & Herbal Analysis Services UK, University of Greenwich, Central Avenue, Chatham-Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK
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4
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Zheng C, Yang Y, Wei F, Lv X, Xia Z, Qi M, Zhou Q. Widely targeted metabolomics reveal the glucosinolate profile and odor-active compounds in flowering Chinese cabbage powder. Food Res Int 2023; 172:113121. [PMID: 37689882 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2023.113121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Widely targeted metabolomics were performed to explore the differences in glucosinolate and odor-active compound levels between flowering Chinese cabbage powder (FCCP) under vacuum-drying and oven-drying conditions. Twenty-three aliphatic, five indole, and three aromatic glucosinolates were identified in two pretreated FCCP. Higher aliphatic glucosinolate levels were retained in vacuum-dried cabbage powder compared to oven-dried samples, and they were negatively correlated with treated temperatures. A total of 36 major odor contributing compounds were detected, including 5 sulfur compounds, 10 aldehydes, 9 heterocyclic compounds, 7 nitriles, 3 acids, and 2 others. 5-Hexenenitrile and (methyldisulfanyl)methan, provide typical pungent, sulfous, and vegetable notes in FCCP. Four major GSLs, namely 2(R)-hydroxy-3-butenyl glucosinolate, (2S)-2-hydroxy-4-pentenyl glucosinolate, 5-(methylthio)pentyl glucosinolate and 2-phenylethyl glucosinolate were the key precursors to form odor-active compounds. Higher temperatures in thermal effects promotes the formation of sulfur-containing and nitrile compounds compared to the vacuum-dried ones. This work can provide a guide for flavor and nutrition retention in FCCP process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Zheng
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Oil Seed Processing of Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops and Lipids Process Technology National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Yini Yang
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Oil Seed Processing of Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops and Lipids Process Technology National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Fang Wei
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Oil Seed Processing of Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops and Lipids Process Technology National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Xin Lv
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Oil Seed Processing of Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops and Lipids Process Technology National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Zengrun Xia
- Ankang Research and Development Center for Se-enriched Products, Ankang, Shaanxi 725000, China
| | - Meng Qi
- Ankang Research and Development Center for Se-enriched Products, Ankang, Shaanxi 725000, China
| | - Qi Zhou
- Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hubei Key Laboratory of Lipid Chemistry and Nutrition, Key Laboratory of Oil Seed Processing of Ministry of Agriculture, Oil Crops and Lipids Process Technology National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory, Wuhan 430062, China.
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5
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Renz M, Dekker M, Rohn S, Hanschen FS. Plant matrix concentration and redox status influence thermal glucosinolate stability and formation of nitriles in selected Brassica vegetable broths. Food Chem 2023; 404:134594. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.134594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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6
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Zhang L, Chen J, Zhao X, Wang Y, Yu X. Influence of roasting on the thermal degradation pathway in the glucosinolates of fragrant rapeseed oil: Implications to flavour profiles. Food Chem X 2022; 16:100503. [PMID: 36519104 PMCID: PMC9743300 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2022.100503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Purified desulphated glucosinolates (GSLs) were subjected to thermal treatment in model systems without interference to investigate the formation of volatile components derived from GSLs only. Desulphated progoitrin (PRO), desulphated gluconapin (GNA), and desulphated glucobrassicanapin (GBN) were isolated from rapeseed (Brassica napus L.). Their structures were identified via spectroscopic data. According to the final thermal degradation compounds of the desulphated GSLs, the thermal degradation pathways of the GSLs identified herein in rapeseed during roasting were speculated. PRO degradation formed 2,4-pentadienenitrile by eliminating the hydroxyl group of the R group to generate the double bond at C-2. GNA degradation produced 4-isothiocyanato-1-butene. Two degradation pathways were possibly involved in the degradation of GNA and GBN. The main precursors that produce the pungent flavour of rapeseed oil were obtained by exploring the relationship between the degradation of the GSLs and the volatile flavour of this vegetable oil during roasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyan Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Grain and Oil Functionalized Processing in Universities of Shaanxi Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Jia Chen
- Engineering Research Center of Grain and Oil Functionalized Processing in Universities of Shaanxi Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Xingzhong Zhao
- Hybrid Rapeseed Research Center of Shaanxi Province, 6 West Gaogangqu Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Yimeng Wang
- College of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
| | - Xiuzhu Yu
- Engineering Research Center of Grain and Oil Functionalized Processing in Universities of Shaanxi Province, College of Food Science and Engineering, Northwest A&F University, 22 Xinong Road, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, PR China
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7
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Vaishnav J, Srivastava AK, Mishra BB, Suprasanna P, Variyar PS. Glucosinolates breakdown and enhanced nitrile formation in gamma irradiated minimally processed cauliflower (Brassica oleracia). Radiat Phys Chem Oxf Engl 1993 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.radphyschem.2022.110672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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8
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Wu J, Cui S, Liu J, Tang X, Zhao J, Zhang H, Mao B, Chen W. The recent advances of glucosinolates and their metabolites: Metabolism, physiological functions and potential application strategies. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022:1-18. [PMID: 35389274 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2059441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Glucosinolates and their metabolites from Brassicaceae plants have received widespread attention due to their anti-inflammatory effects. Glucosinolates occurs an "enterohepatic circulation" in the body, and the glucosinolates metabolism mainly happens in the intestine. Glucosinolates can be converted into isothiocyanates by intestinal bacteria, which are active substances with remarkable anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-obesity and neuroprotective properties. This biotransformation can greatly improve the bioactivities of glucosinolates. However, multiple factors in the environment can affect the biotransformation to isothiocyanates, including acidic pH, ferrous ions and thiocyanate-forming protein. The derivatives of glucosinolates under those conditions are usually nitriles and thiocyanates, which may impair the potential health benefits. In addition, isothiocyanates are extremely unstable because of an active sulfhydryl group, which limits their applications. This review mainly summarizes the classification, synthesis, absorption, metabolism, physiological functions and potential application strategies of glucosinolates and their metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaying Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Shumao Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Junsheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xin Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, China
| | - Bingyong Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, China
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9
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Kyriakou S, Trafalis DT, Deligiorgi MV, Franco R, Pappa A, Panayiotidis MI. Assessment of Methodological Pipelines for the Determination of Isothiocyanates Derived from Natural Sources. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040642. [PMID: 35453327 PMCID: PMC9029005 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Isothiocyanates are biologically active secondary metabolites liberated via enzymatic hydrolysis of their sulfur enriched precursors, glucosinolates, upon tissue plant disruption. The importance of this class of compounds lies in their capacity to induce anti-cancer, anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, and other bioactive properties. As such, their isolation from natural sources is of utmost importance. In this review article, an extensive examination of the various parameters (hydrolysis, extraction, and quantification) affecting the isolation of isothiocyanates from naturally-derived sources is presented. Overall, the effective isolation/extraction and quantification of isothiocyanate is strongly associated with their chemical and physicochemical properties, such as polarity-solubility as well as thermal and acidic stability. Furthermore, the successful activation of myrosinase appears to be a major factor affecting the conversion of glucosinolates into active isothiocyanates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sotiris Kyriakou
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Therapeutics & Ultrastructural Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Ayios Dometios, Nicosia 2371, Cyprus;
| | - Dimitrios T. Trafalis
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Medical School, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (D.T.T.); (M.V.D.)
| | - Maria V. Deligiorgi
- Laboratory of Pharmacology, Medical School, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece; (D.T.T.); (M.V.D.)
| | - Rodrigo Franco
- Redox Biology Centre, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA;
- Department of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Aglaia Pappa
- Department of Molecular Biology & Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece;
| | - Mihalis I. Panayiotidis
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Therapeutics & Ultrastructural Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology & Genetics, Ayios Dometios, Nicosia 2371, Cyprus;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +357-22392626
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10
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Fate of Bioactive Compounds during Lactic Acid Fermentation of Fruits and Vegetables. Foods 2022; 11:foods11050733. [PMID: 35267366 PMCID: PMC8909232 DOI: 10.3390/foods11050733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Consumption of lactic acid fermented fruits and vegetables has been correlated with a series of health benefits. Some of them have been attributed to the probiotic potential of lactic acid microbiota, while others to its metabolic potential and the production of bioactive compounds. The factors that affect the latter have been in the epicenter of intensive research over the last decade. The production of bioactive peptides, vitamins (especially of the B-complex), gamma-aminobutyric acid, as well as phenolic and organosulfur compounds during lactic acid fermentation of fruits and vegetables has attracted specific attention. On the other hand, the production of biogenic amines has also been intensively studied due to the adverse health effects caused by their consumption. The data that are currently available indicate that the production of these compounds is a strain-dependent characteristic that may also be affected by the raw materials used as well as the fermentation conditions. The aim of the present review paper is to collect all data referring to the production of the aforementioned compounds and to present and discuss them in a concise and comprehensive way.
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11
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Nutraceutical Profiling, Bioactive Composition, and Biological Applications of Lepidium sativum L. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:2910411. [PMID: 35096265 PMCID: PMC8791756 DOI: 10.1155/2022/2910411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The roots, leaves, and seeds of Lepidium sativum L., popularly known as Garden cress in different regions, have high economic importance; although, the crop is particularly cultivated for the seeds. In traditional medicine, this plant has been reported to possess various biological activities. This review is aimed at providing updated and critical scientific information about the traditional, nutritional, phytochemical, and biological activities of L. sativum. In addition, the geographic distribution is also reviewed. The comprehensive literature search was carried out with the help of different search engines PubMed, Web of Science, and Science Direct. This review highlighted the importance of L. sativum as an edible herb that possesses a wide range of therapeutic properties along with high nutritional values. Preclinical studies (in vitro and in vivo) displayed anticancer, hepatoprotective, antidiabetic, hypoglycemic, antioxidant, antimicrobial, gastrointestinal, and fracture/bone healing activities of L. sativum and support the clinical importance of plant-derived bioactive compounds for the treatment of different diseases. Screening of literature revealed that L. sativum species and their bioactive compounds may be a significant source for new drug compounds and also could be used against malnutrition. Further clinical trials are needed to effectively assess the actual potential of the species and its bioactive compounds.
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12
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Zhang Y, Wu Y, Chen S, Yang B, Zhang H, Wang X, Granvogl M, Jin Q. Flavor of rapeseed oil: An overview of odorants, analytical techniques, and impact of treatment. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 20:3983-4018. [PMID: 34148290 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
As one of the three major vegetable oils in the world, rapeseed oil is appreciated for its high nutritional value and characteristic flavor. Flavor is an essential attribute, determining rapeseed oil quality and consumer acceptance. The present manuscript provides a systematic literature review of recent advances and knowledge on the flavor of rapeseed oil, which focuses on aroma-active as well as off-flavor compounds, flavor analysis techniques (i.e., extraction, qualitative, quantitative, sensory, and chemometric methods), and effects of treatments (storage, dehulling, roasting, microwave, flavoring with herbs, refining, and oil heating) on flavor from sensory and molecular perspectives. One hundred thirty-seven odorants found in rapeseed oil from literature are listed and possible formation pathways of some key aroma-active compounds are also proposed. Future flavor analysis techniques will evolve toward time-saving, portability, real-time monitoring, and visualization, which aims to obtain a "complete" flavor profile of rapeseed oil. The changes of volatile compounds in rapeseed oil under different treatments are summarized in this view. Studies to elucidate the influence of different treatments on the formation of aroma-active compounds are needed to get a deeper understanding of factors leading to the variations of rapeseed oil flavor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youfeng Zhang
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety, State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China.,Department of Food Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry (170a), Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Yuqi Wu
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety, State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Sirui Chen
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety, State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Binbin Yang
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety, State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety, State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Xingguo Wang
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety, State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Michael Granvogl
- Department of Food Chemistry and Analytical Chemistry (170a), Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Qingzhe Jin
- International Joint Research Laboratory for Lipid Nutrition and Safety, State Key Lab of Food Science and Technology, Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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13
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Yu J, Wang M, Zhang M, Liu Y, Li J. Effect of infrared ray roasting on oxidation stability and flavor of virgin rapeseed oils. J Food Sci 2021; 86:2990-3000. [PMID: 34146421 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.15792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Effects of infrared ray roasting (IRR) on the oxidation stability and flavors of virgin rapeseed oil (VROs) at 110-170°C were investigated and compared with traditional roller roasting (TRR). Results showed that IRR samples showed lower acid and peroxides values, higher oxidation stability index, and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity than TRR ones. IRR samples displayed better thermal expansion of rapeseed for internal fragmentation from microstructures, which facilitated the release of tocophenols (652.63-748.78 mg/kg) and 4-vinylsyringol (7.54-678.19 mg/kg), compared with TRR ones with tocophenols (652.63-689.28 mg/kg) and 4-vinylsyringol (7.54-524.18 mg/kg) contributing to better oxidation stability. Moreover, important volatile compounds, including pyrazines, isothiocyanates, nitriles and aldehydes, were formed quantitatively more in IRR than TRR samples, which was attributed to better heat transfer efficiency and internal fragmentation promoting complex reactions inside rapeseed. Therefore, IRR has more positive roasting effects on VROs than TRR. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: Virgin rapeseed oil is a massively consumed flavor vegetable oil, but the traditional high-temperature roller seed roasting process can cause serious quality problems. Our work applied a novel roasting technology, infrared ray roasting to rapeseed pretreatment. The results show that this new type of roasting technology is more efficient and stable and has important applications in the production of virgin rapeseed oil with better oxidative stability and flavor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Mengzhu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Mi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yuanfa Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Jinwei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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14
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Zhou Q, Jia X, Yao YZ, Wang B, Wei CQ, Zhang M, Huang F. Characterization of the Aroma-Active Compounds in Commercial Fragrant Rapeseed Oils via Monolithic Material Sorptive Extraction. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:11454-11463. [PMID: 31529950 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b05691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Commercial fragrant rapeseed oil (CFRO), from roasted and hot-pressed seeds, is enjoyed in China for its unique aroma. However, the characteristic of aroma-active compounds in CFRO is still unclear. In this study, a new odor monolithic material sorptive extraction method was established to trap volatiles from rapeseed oil. Thirty CFROs were investigated using this method coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. A total of 29 volatile compounds were identified by gas chromatography-olfactometry including pyrazines, alcohols, aldehydes, ketones, and sulfur compounds. Further, 2,5-dimethylpyrazine (peanut-like), 3-ethyl-2,5-dimethylpyrazine (roasted nut-like), dimethyl trisulfide (cabbage-like), 4-isothiocyanato-1-butene (pungent and pickle-like), butyrolactone (caramel-like), and benzyl nitrile (pungent and sulfur-like) are affirmed as the key odorants for the overall aroma of CFRO, owing to their odor activity values ≥1. This work provides a new insight on acquiring aroma-active compounds from rapeseed oil in a more time-effective process compared to conventional methods. Futhermore, this novel approach is applicable in the field of food flavor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhou
- Oil Crops and Lipids Process Technology National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory Wuhan , Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Wuhan 430062 , P. R. China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health , Beijing Technology and Business University , Beijing 100048 , P. R. China
| | - Xiao Jia
- Oil Crops and Lipids Process Technology National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory Wuhan , Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Wuhan 430062 , P. R. China
| | - Ying-Zheng Yao
- Oil Crops and Lipids Process Technology National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory Wuhan , Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Wuhan 430062 , P. R. China
- Institute of Agro-Products Processing Science and Technology , Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Chengdu 610066 , P. R. China
| | - Bei Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health , Beijing Technology and Business University , Beijing 100048 , P. R. China
| | - Chang-Qing Wei
- School of Food Science and Technology/Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Phytomedicine Resource and Utilization of Ministry of Education , Shihezi University , Shihezi 832000 , Xinjiang Autonomous Region , P. R. China
| | - Min Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health , Beijing Technology and Business University , Beijing 100048 , P. R. China
| | - Fenghong Huang
- Oil Crops and Lipids Process Technology National & Local Joint Engineering Laboratory Wuhan , Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences , Wuhan 430062 , P. R. China
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15
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Mao X, Zhao X, Huyan Z, Liu T, Yu X. Relationship of Glucosinolate Thermal Degradation and Roasted Rapeseed Oil Volatile Odor. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:11187-11197. [PMID: 31552744 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b04952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the effect of glucosinolate (GSL) degradation on the volatile odor of rapeseed oil (RO) during roasting. Volatile compounds of RO and individual GSL contents in the seeds were identified and measured during roasting, separately. Total GSL content decreased by 30.47-84.44%. Nitriles were the key volatile compounds that were negatively correlated with GSLs for all samples. Results indicate that GSL degradation significantly affects the volatile odor of RO and tends to produce low-carbon nitriles. Furthermore, the thermal degradation pathways of GSLs were explored according to the structure of individual GSLs and nitriles. These results provide information for the thermal degradation pathways of GSLs and the formation mechanism of nitriles during seed roasting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Mao
- College of Food Science and Engineering , Northwest A&F University , 22 Xinong Road , Yangling , Shaanxi 712100 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xingzhong Zhao
- Hybrid Rape Research Center of Shaanxi Province , 6 West Gaogangqu Road , Yangling , Shaanxi 712100 , People's Republic of China
| | - Zongyao Huyan
- College of Food Science and Engineering , Northwest A&F University , 22 Xinong Road , Yangling , Shaanxi 712100 , People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering , Northwest A&F University , 22 Xinong Road , Yangling , Shaanxi 712100 , People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuzhu Yu
- College of Food Science and Engineering , Northwest A&F University , 22 Xinong Road , Yangling , Shaanxi 712100 , People's Republic of China
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16
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Volatile Compounds of Selected Raw and Cooked Brassica Vegetables. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24030391. [PMID: 30678255 PMCID: PMC6385023 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24030391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Brassica vegetables are a significant component of the human diet and their popularity is systematically increasing. The interest in plants from this group is growing because of numerous reports focused on their pro-health properties. However, some consumers are not enthusiastic about these vegetables because of their specific bitter taste and sharp, sulfurous aroma. In this study, the volatile composition of 15 Brassica cultivars (five Brussels sprouts, four kohlrabi, three cauliflower and three broccoli), both raw and cooked, was analyzed by solid phase microextraction and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography with time of flight mass spectrometry (SPME-GC×GC-ToFMS). Differences were found between the analyzed vegetables, as well as different cultivars of the same vegetable. Moreover, the influence of cooking on the composition of volatile compounds was evaluated. All the vegetables were frozen before analyses, which is why the impact of this process on the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) was included. The most abundant groups of compounds were sulfur components (including bioactive isothiocyanates), nitriles, aldehydes and alcohols. Cooking in general caused a decrease in the abundance of main volatiles. However, the amount of bioactive isothiocyanates increased in most cultivars after cooking. The effect of freezing on the volatile fraction was presented based on the Brussels sprout cultivars. Most of the changes were closely related to the activity of the lipoxygenase (LOX) pathway enzymes. These are characterized by a marked reduction in alcohol contents and an increment in aldehyde contents. Moreover, important changes were noted in the concentrations of bioactive components, e.g., isothiocyanates. This research included a large set of samples consisting of many cultivars of each analyzed vegetable, which is why it provides a considerable body of general information concerning volatiles in Brassica vegetables.
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17
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Relationship between conversion rate of glucosinolates to isothiocyanates/indoles and genotoxicity of individual parts of Brassica vegetables. Eur Food Res Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-018-3170-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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18
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Cannon RJ, Ho CT. Volatile sulfur compounds in tropical fruits. J Food Drug Anal 2018; 26:445-468. [PMID: 29567214 PMCID: PMC9322215 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfda.2018.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Global production and demand for tropical fruits continues to grow each year as consumers are enticed by the exotic flavors and potential health benefits that these fruits possess. Volatile sulfur compounds (VSCs) are often responsible for the juicy, fresh aroma of tropical fruits. This poses a challenge for analytical chemists to identify these compounds as most often VSCs are found at low concentrations in most tropical fruits. The aim of this review is to discuss the extraction methods, enrichment techniques, and instrumentation utilized to identify and quantify VSCs in natural products. This will be followed by a discussion of the VSCs reported in tropical and subtropical fruits, with particular attention to the odor and taste attributes of each compound. Finally, the biogenesis and enzymatic formation of specific VSCs in tropical fruits will be highlighted along with the contribution each possesses to the aroma of their respective fruit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J. Cannon
- International Flavors & Fragrances Inc., Research & Development, 1515 State Highway 36, Union Beach, NJ 07735,
USA
- Corresponding author. E-mail address: (R.J. Cannon)
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Rutgers University, Food Science Department, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901,
USA
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19
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Sayeed MA, Bracci M, Lucarini G, Lazzarini R, Di Primio R, Santarelli L. Regulation of microRNA using promising dietary phytochemicals: Possible preventive and treatment option of malignant mesothelioma. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 94:1197-1224. [PMID: 28841784 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.07.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is a very aggressive, lethal cancer, and its incidence is increasing worldwide. Development of multi-drug resistance, therapy related side-effects, and disease recurrence after therapy are the major problems for the successful treatment of MM. Emerging evidence indicates that dietary phytochemicals can exert anti-cancer activities by regulating microRNA expression. Until now, only one dietary phytochemical (ursolic acid) has been reported to have MM microRNA regulatory ability. A large number of dietary phytochemicals still remain to be tested. In this paper, we have introduced some dietary phytochemicals (curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate, quercetin, genistein, pterostilbene, resveratrol, capsaicin, ellagic acid, benzyl isothiocyanate, phenethyl isothiocyanate, sulforaphane, indole-3-carbinol, 3,3'-diindolylmethane, diallyl disulphide, betulinic acid, and oleanolic acid) which have shown microRNA regulatory activities in various cancers and could regulate MM microRNAs. In addition to microRNA regulatory activities, curcumin, epigallocatechin gallate, quercetin, genistein, resveratrol, phenethyl isothiocyanate, and sulforaphane have anti-mesothelioma potentials, and pterostilbene, capsaicin, ellagic acid, benzyl isothiocyanate, indole-3-carbinol, 3,3'-diindolylmethane, diallyl disulphide, betulinic acid, and oleanolic acid have potentials to inhibit cancer by regulating the expression of various genes which are also known to be aberrant in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Abu Sayeed
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona 60126, Italy.
| | - Massimo Bracci
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona 60126, Italy
| | - Guendalina Lucarini
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona 60126, Italy
| | - Raffaella Lazzarini
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona 60126, Italy
| | - Roberto Di Primio
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona 60126, Italy
| | - Lory Santarelli
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Sciences, Polytechnic University of Marche, Ancona 60126, Italy
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20
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Gracka A, Raczyk M, Hradecký J, Hajslova J, Jeziorski S, Karlovits G, Michalak B, Bąkowska N, Jeleń H. Volatile compounds and other indicators of quality for cold-pressed rapeseed oils obtained from peeled, whole, flaked and roasted seeds. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201600328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Gracka
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition; Poznań University of Life Sciences; Poznań Poland
| | - Marianna Raczyk
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition; Poznań University of Life Sciences; Poznań Poland
| | - Jaromír Hradecký
- Department of Food Chemistry and Analysis; University of Chemistry and Technology; Prague Czech Republic
| | - Jana Hajslova
- Department of Food Chemistry and Analysis; University of Chemistry and Technology; Prague Czech Republic
| | | | | | | | | | - Henryk Jeleń
- Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition; Poznań University of Life Sciences; Poznań Poland
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21
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Pagnotta E, Agerbirk N, Olsen CE, Ugolini L, Cinti S, Lazzeri L. Hydroxyl and Methoxyl Derivatives of Benzylglucosinolate in Lepidium densiflorum with Hydrolysis to Isothiocyanates and non-Isothiocyanate Products: Substitution Governs Product Type and Mass Spectral Fragmentation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:3167-3178. [PMID: 28343387 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b00529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A system of benzylic glucosinolates was found and characterized in common pepperweed, Lepidium densiflorum Schrad. The major glucosinolate was the novel 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzylglucosinolate (3,5-dimethoxysinalbin), present at high levels in seeds, leaves, and roots. Medium-level glucosinolates were 3,4-dimethoxybenzylglucosinolate and 3,4,5-trimethoxybenzylglucosinolate. Minor glucosinolates included benzylglucosinolate, 3-hydroxy- and 3-methoxybenzylglucosinolate, 4-hydroxybenzylglucosinolate (sinalbin), the novel 4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzylglucosinolate (3-methoxysinalbin), and indole-type glucosinolates. A biosynthetic connection is suggested. NMR, UV, and ion trap MS/MS spectral data are reported, showing contrasting MS fragmentation of p-hydroxyls and p-methoxyls. Additional investigations by GC-MS focused on glucosinolate hydrolysis products. Whereas glucosinolates generally yielded isothiocyanates, the dominating 3,5-dimethoxysinalbin with a free p-hydroxyl group produced the corresponding alcohol and syringaldehyde (4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde). After thermal deactivation of the endogenous myrosinase enzyme, massive accumulation of the corresponding nitrile was detected. This case study points out how non-isothiocyanate glucosinolate hydrolysis products are prevalent in nature and of interest in both plant-pathogen interactions and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Pagnotta
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Industrial Crops, CREA-CIN , via di Corticella 133, 40128 Bologna, Italy
| | - Niels Agerbirk
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Carl E Olsen
- Copenhagen Plant Science Center, Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen , Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Luisa Ugolini
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Industrial Crops, CREA-CIN , via di Corticella 133, 40128 Bologna, Italy
| | - Susanna Cinti
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Industrial Crops, CREA-CIN , via di Corticella 133, 40128 Bologna, Italy
| | - Luca Lazzeri
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Industrial Crops, CREA-CIN , via di Corticella 133, 40128 Bologna, Italy
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22
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Byun HS. High pressure phase equilibria for the binary mixture of CO 2 + 3-phenyl propionitrile and CO 2 + 2-phenyl butyronitrile systems. J Supercrit Fluids 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.supflu.2016.05.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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23
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Kupke F, Herz C, Hanschen FS, Platz S, Odongo GA, Helmig S, Bartolomé Rodríguez MM, Schreiner M, Rohn S, Lamy E. Cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of food-borne nitriles in a liver in vitro model. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37631. [PMID: 27883018 PMCID: PMC5121622 DOI: 10.1038/srep37631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Isothiocyanates are the most intensively studied breakdown products of glucosinolates from Brassica plants and well recognized for their pleiotropic effects against cancer but also for their genotoxic potential. However, knowledge about the bioactivity of glucosinolate-borne nitriles in foods is very poor. As determined by GC-MS, broccoli glucosinolates mainly degrade to nitriles as breakdown products. The cytotoxicity of nitriles in human HepG2 cells and primary murine hepatocytes was marginal as compared to isothiocyanates. Toxicity of nitriles was not enhanced in CYP2E1-overexpressing HepG2 cells. In contrast, the genotoxic potential of nitriles was found to be comparable to isothiocyanates. DNA damage was persistent over a certain time period and CYP2E1-overexpression further increased the genotoxic potential of the nitriles. Based on actual in vitro data, no indications are given that food-borne nitriles could be relevant for cancer prevention, but could pose a certain genotoxic risk under conditions relevant for food consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Kupke
- University of Hamburg, Hamburg School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Corinna Herz
- University of Freiburg–Medical Center, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Molecular Preventive Medicine, Breisacher Strasse 115b, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Franziska S. Hanschen
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops Grossbeeren/Erfurt e.V., Department of Plant Quality, Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979 Grossbeeren, Germany
| | - Stefanie Platz
- University of Hamburg, Hamburg School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Grace A. Odongo
- University of Hamburg, Hamburg School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
- University of Freiburg–Medical Center, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Molecular Preventive Medicine, Breisacher Strasse 115b, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Simone Helmig
- Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational and Social Medicine and Department of Anesthesiology, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, Aulweg 129, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - María M. Bartolomé Rodríguez
- Clinic for Internal Medicine II, Molecular Biology, University of Freiburg–Medical Center, Hugstetter-Straße 55, 79106 Freiburg i.Br., Germany
| | - Monika Schreiner
- Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops Grossbeeren/Erfurt e.V., Department of Plant Quality, Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979 Grossbeeren, Germany
| | - Sascha Rohn
- University of Hamburg, Hamburg School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Evelyn Lamy
- University of Freiburg–Medical Center, Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Molecular Preventive Medicine, Breisacher Strasse 115b, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
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24
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Raikos V, Neacsu M, Duthie G, Nicol F, Reid M, Cantlay LL, Ranawana V. Proteomic and Glucosinolate Profiling of Rapeseed Isolates from Meals Produced by Different Oil Extraction Processes. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.13060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vassilios Raikos
- Natural Products Group, Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen; Aberdeen AB21 9SB UK
| | - Madalina Neacsu
- Natural Products Group, Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen; Aberdeen AB21 9SB UK
| | - Garry Duthie
- Natural Products Group, Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen; Aberdeen AB21 9SB UK
| | - Fergus Nicol
- Natural Products Group, Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen; Aberdeen AB21 9SB UK
| | - Martin Reid
- Natural Products Group, Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen; Aberdeen AB21 9SB UK
| | - Louise L. Cantlay
- Natural Products Group, Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen; Aberdeen AB21 9SB UK
| | - Viren Ranawana
- Natural Products Group, Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen; Aberdeen AB21 9SB UK
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25
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Barba FJ, Nikmaram N, Roohinejad S, Khelfa A, Zhu Z, Koubaa M. Bioavailability of Glucosinolates and Their Breakdown Products: Impact of Processing. Front Nutr 2016; 3:24. [PMID: 27579302 PMCID: PMC4985713 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2016.00024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucosinolates are a large group of plant secondary metabolites with nutritional effects, and are mainly found in cruciferous plants. After ingestion, glucosinolates could be partially absorbed in their intact form through the gastrointestinal mucosa. However, the largest fraction is metabolized in the gut lumen. When cruciferous are consumed without processing, myrosinase enzyme present in these plants hydrolyzes the glucosinolates in the proximal part of the gastrointestinal tract to various metabolites, such as isothiocyanates, nitriles, oxazolidine-2-thiones, and indole-3-carbinols. When cruciferous are cooked before consumption, myrosinase is inactivated and glucosinolates transit to the colon where they are hydrolyzed by the intestinal microbiota. Numerous factors, such as storage time, temperature, and atmosphere packaging, along with inactivation processes of myrosinase are influencing the bioavailability of glucosinolates and their breakdown products. This review paper summarizes the assimilation, absorption, and elimination of these molecules, as well as the impact of processing on their bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J. Barba
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, València, Spain
| | - Nooshin Nikmaram
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Engineering, Islamic Azad University of Sabzevar, Sabzevar, Iran
| | - Shahin Roohinejad
- Burn and Wound Healing Research Center, Division of Food and Nutrition, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Anissa Khelfa
- Sorbonne Universités, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Laboratoire Transformations Intégrées de la Matière Renouvelable (UTC/ESCOM, EA 4297 TIMR), Centre de Recherche de Royallieu, Compiègne Cedex, France
| | - Zhenzhou Zhu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China
| | - Mohamed Koubaa
- Sorbonne Universités, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, Laboratoire Transformations Intégrées de la Matière Renouvelable (UTC/ESCOM, EA 4297 TIMR), Centre de Recherche de Royallieu, Compiègne Cedex, France
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26
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Stability of glucosinolates and glucosinolate degradation products during storage of boiled white cabbage. Food Chem 2016; 203:340-347. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.02.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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27
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Benzyl isothiocyanate but not benzyl nitrile from Brassicales plants dually blocks the COX and LOX pathway in primary human immune cells. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.02.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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28
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Platz S, Kühn C, Schiess S, Schreiner M, Kemper M, Pivovarova O, Pfeiffer AFH, Rohn S. Bioavailability and metabolism of benzyl glucosinolate in humans consuming Indian cress (Tropaeolum majus L.). Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 60:652-60. [PMID: 26610401 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 11/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC), which occurs in Brassicales, has demonstrated chemopreventive potency and cancer treatment properties in cell and animal studies. However, fate of BITC in human body is not comprehensively studied. Therefore, the present human intervention study investigates the metabolism of the glucosinolate (GSL) glucotropaeolin and its corresponding BITC metabolites. Analyzing BITC metabolites in plasma and urine should reveal insights about resorption, metabolism, and excretion. METHODS AND RESULTS Fifteen healthy men were randomly recruited for a cross-over study and consumed 10 g freeze-dried Indian cress as a liquid preparation containing 1000 μmol glucotropaeolin. Blood and urine samples were taken at several time points and investigated by LC-ESI-MS/MS after sample preparation using SPE. Plasma contained high levels of BITC-glutathione (BITC-GSH), BITC-cysteinylglycine (BITC-CysGly), and BITC-N-acetyl-L-cysteine (BITC-NAC) 1-5 h after ingestion, with BITC-CysGly appearing as the main metabolite. Compared to human plasma, the main urinary metabolites were BITC-NAC and BITC-Cys, determined 4-6 h after ingestion. CONCLUSION This study confirms that consumption of Indian cress increases the concentration of BITC metabolites in human plasma and urine. The outcome of this human intervention study supports clinical research dealing with GSL-containing innovative food products or pharmaceutical preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Platz
- Hamburg School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Carla Kühn
- Hamburg School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sonja Schiess
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Monika Schreiner
- Department Plant Quality, Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Großbeeren/Erfurt e.V, Großbeeren, Germany
| | - Margrit Kemper
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany.,Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Olga Pivovarova
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany.,Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas F H Pfeiffer
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Nuthetal, Germany.,Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sascha Rohn
- Hamburg School of Food Science, Institute of Food Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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Esparza E, Hadzich A, Kofer W, Mithöfer A, Cosio EG. Bioactive maca (Lepidium meyenii) alkamides are a result of traditional Andean postharvest drying practices. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2015; 116:138-148. [PMID: 25817836 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2015.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Maca, Lepidium meyenii Walpers (Brassicaceae), is an annual herbaceous plant native to the high plateaus of the Peruvian central Andes. Its underground storage hypocotyls have been a traditional medicinal agent and dietary staple since pre-Columbian times. Reported properties include energizing and fertility-enhancing effects. Published reports have focused on the benzylalkamides (macamides) present in dry hypocotyls as one of the main bioactive components. Macamides are secondary amides formed by benzylamine and a fatty acid moiety, with varying hydrocarbon chain lengths and degree of unsaturation. Although it has been assumed that they are usually present in fresh undamaged tissues, analyses show them to be essentially absent from them. However, hypocotyls dried by traditional Andean postharvest practices or industrial oven drying contain up to 800μgg(-1) dry wt (2.3μmolg(-1) dry wt) of macamides. In this study, the generation of macamides and their putative precursors were studied during nine-week traditional drying trials at 4200m altitude and in ovens under laboratory conditions. Freeze-thaw cycles in the open field during drying result in tissue maceration and release of free fatty acids from storage and membrane lipids up to levels of 1200μgg(-1) dry wt (4.3μmolg(-1) dry wt). Endogenous metabolism of the isothiocyanates generated from glucosinolate hydrolysis during drying results in maximal benzylamine values of 4300μgg(-1) dry wt (40.2μmolg(-1) dry wt). Pearson correlation coefficients of the accumulation profiles of benzylamine and free fatty acid to that of macamides showed good values of 0.898 and 0.934, respectively, suggesting that both provide sufficient substrate for amide synthesis during the drying process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana Esparza
- Sección Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Avenida Universitaria 1801, San Miguel, Lima 32, Peru
| | - Antonella Hadzich
- Sección Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Avenida Universitaria 1801, San Miguel, Lima 32, Peru
| | - Waltraud Kofer
- Sección Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Avenida Universitaria 1801, San Miguel, Lima 32, Peru
| | - Axel Mithöfer
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Eric G Cosio
- Sección Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Avenida Universitaria 1801, San Miguel, Lima 32, Peru.
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30
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Hanschen FS, Lamy E, Schreiner M, Rohn S. Reactivity and stability of glucosinolates and their breakdown products in foods. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:11430-50. [PMID: 25163974 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201402639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The chemistry of glucosinolates and their behavior during food processing is very complex. Their instability leads to the formation of a bunch of breakdown and reaction products that are very often reactive themselves. Although excessive consumption of cabbage varieties has been thought for long time to have adverse, especially goitrogenic effects, nowadays, epidemiologic studies provide data that there might be beneficial health effects as well. Especially Brassica vegetables, such as broccoli, radish, or cabbage, are rich in these interesting plant metabolites. However, information on the bioactivity of glucosinolates is only valuable when one knows which compounds are formed during processing and subsequent consumption. This review provides a comprehensive, in-depth overview on the chemical reactivity of different glucosinolates and breakdown products thereof during food preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska S Hanschen
- Department of Quality, Leibniz-Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops Großbeeren and Erfurt e.V. Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979 Großbeeren (Germany) http://www.igzev.de.
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31
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Hanschen FS, Lamy E, Schreiner M, Rohn S. Reaktivität und Stabilität von Glucosinolaten und ihren Abbauprodukten in Lebensmitteln. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201402639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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32
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Zhou Q, Yang M, Huang F, Zheng C, Deng Q. Effect of pretreatment with dehulling and microwaving on the flavor characteristics of cold-pressed rapeseed oil by GC-MS-PCA and electronic nose discrimination. J Food Sci 2014; 78:C961-70. [PMID: 23865448 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.12161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2012] [Accepted: 04/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Raw and dehulled rapeseeds were treated with microwave energy (800 W) from 1 to 8 min with 1-min intervals at a frequency of 2450 MHz to investigate the influence of microwaving and dehulling pretreatment on the flavor characteristics of rapeseed oil extracted by pressing. Headspace solid phase microextraction was used to isolate the volatile compounds of rapeseed oil, which were then identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis. The results indicated that microwave and dehulling pretreatment of rapeseed can significantly influence the kinds and content of volatile compounds. The key flavor compounds in rapeseed oil were oxidized volatiles, heterocyclic compounds, and degradation products of glucosinolates. A pungent compound, 4-isothiocyanato-1-butene, was reduced by 97% in rapeseed treated for 3 min with microwaves energy when compared to the rapeseed oil without any treatment. The pyrazine compounds in the oil appeared after 6 min of microwave pretreatment and give a pleasant roasting flavor when compared to crude oils. Principal component analysis was able to differentiate between oils obtained using 4 pretreatment processes based on volatile compounds and electronic nose. The results showed that dehulling pretreatment could improve the flavor, yet microwaving had a greater effect on the flavor of rapeseed oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Zhou
- Faculty of Department of Product Processing and Nutriology, Oil Crops Research Inst., Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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33
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Hennig K, Verkerk R, van Boekel M, Dekker M, Bonnema G. Food science meets plant science: A case study on improved nutritional quality by breeding for glucosinolate retention during food processing. Trends Food Sci Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2013.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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34
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Truong DH, Delory BM, Brostaux Y, Heuskin S, Delaplace P, Francis F, Lognay G. Plutella xylostella (L.) infestations at varying temperatures induce the emission of specific volatile blends by Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2014; 9:e973816. [PMID: 25482777 PMCID: PMC4622421 DOI: 10.4161/15592324.2014.973816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/04/2014] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The effect of combined abiotic and biotic factors on plant volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions is poorly understood. This study evaluated the VOC emissions produced by Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Col-0 subjected to 3 temperature regimes (17, 22, and 27°C) in the presence and absence of Plutella xylostella larvae over 2 time intervals (0-4 and 4-8 h), in comparison to control plants. The analyses of VOCs emitted by Arabidopsis plants were made by headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). It was found that certain volatile groups (e.g., alcohols, ketones, aldehydes, and terpenes) are induced by both single factors (temperature or larval infestation) and combined factors (temperature and larvae interactions), whereas other volatile groups (e.g., isothiocyanates [ITCs] and nitrile) were specific to the experimental conditions. ITCs (mainly 4-methylpentyl isothiocyanate) were emitted from plants subjected to larval infestation at 17 and 27°C after the 2 time intervals. The proportions of sulfides (mainly dimethyl disulfide) and 4-(methylthio) butanenitrile were significantly higher on herbivore-infested plants at 22°C compared to the other treatments. Overall, our findings indicate that changes in all experimental conditions caused significant changes to the VOC emissions of Arabidopsis plants. Therefore, the interaction between temperature and larval feeding may represent an important factor determining the variability of volatile emissions by plants subjected to multiple simultaneous factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dieu-Hien Truong
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry; Unit of Analysis Quality and Risk; University of Liège; Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech; Belgium
- Unit of Functional & Evolutionary Entomology; University of Liège; Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech; Belgium
- Biotechnology Faculty; Binh Duong University; Vietnam
| | - Benjamin M Delory
- Plant Biology Unit; University of Liège; Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech; Belgium
| | - Yves Brostaux
- Unit of Applied Statistic; Computer Science and Mathematics; University of Liège; Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech; Belgium
| | - Stéphanie Heuskin
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry; Unit of Analysis Quality and Risk; University of Liège; Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech; Belgium
| | - Pierre Delaplace
- Plant Biology Unit; University of Liège; Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech; Belgium
| | - Frédéric Francis
- Unit of Functional & Evolutionary Entomology; University of Liège; Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech; Belgium
| | - Georges Lognay
- Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry; Unit of Analysis Quality and Risk; University of Liège; Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech; Belgium
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Williams DJ, Pun S, Chaliha M, Scheelings P, O’Hare T. An unusual combination in papaya (Carica papaya): The good (glucosinolates) and the bad (cyanogenic glycosides). J Food Compost Anal 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2012.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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36
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Hanschen FS, Bauer A, Mewis I, Keil C, Schreiner M, Rohn S, Kroh LW. Thermally induced degradation of aliphatic glucosinolates: identification of intermediary breakdown products and proposed degradation pathways. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:9890-9899. [PMID: 22958137 DOI: 10.1021/jf302744y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In Brassica vegetables, heating processes lead to thermally induced degradation of glucosinolates (GSLs), resulting in the formation of nitriles and isothiocyanates (ITCs). To date, the mechanism is not yet satisfyingly elucidated. Thermally induced degradation of the model GSL sinigrin was studied in dry as well as aqueous medium at different pH values and temperatures. The influence of the presence of iron ions and plant matrix (broccoli sprouts powder) on the degradation was studied as well. Next to the degradation of the GSL, the formation of nitrile and ITC and the release of sugar derivatives were investigated. Because d-glucose and ITC are main thermal breakdown products under aqueous conditions, hydrolysis seems to be the initial step in the degradation pathway during cooking. In contrast, under dry conditions, the desulfo-sinigrin was identified as a main intermediary thermal breakdown product for the first time. Further, degradation of the desulfo-GSL results in the release of d-thioglucose and the corresponding nitrile. Iron(II) ions and plant matrix influence the thermal stability of the GSL and favor the formation of nitriles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska S Hanschen
- Department of Food Chemistry and Analysis, Institute of Food Technology and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin , TIB 4/3-1, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, D-13355 Berlin, Germany
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37
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Hennig K, Verkerk R, Bonnema G, Dekker M. Rapid estimation of glucosinolate thermal degradation rate constants in leaves of Chinese kale and broccoli (Brassica oleracea) in two seasons. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2012; 60:7859-7865. [PMID: 22816876 DOI: 10.1021/jf300710x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Kinetic modeling was used as a tool to quantitatively estimate glucosinolate thermal degradation rate constants. Literature shows that thermal degradation rates differ in different vegetables. Well-characterized plant material, leaves of broccoli and Chinese kale plants grown in two seasons, was used in the study. It was shown that a first-order reaction is appropriate to model glucosinolate degradation independent from the season. No difference in degradation rate constants of structurally identical glucosinolates was found between broccoli and Chinese kale leaves when grown in the same season. However, glucosinolate degradation rate constants were highly affected by the season (20-80% increase in spring compared to autumn). These results suggest that differences in glucosinolate degradation rate constants can be due to variation in environmental as well as genetic factors. Furthermore, a methodology to estimate rate constants rapidly is provided to enable the analysis of high sample numbers for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Hennig
- Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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38
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Herzallah S, Holley R. Determination of sinigrin, sinalbin, allyl- and benzyl isothiocyanates by RP-HPLC in mustard powder extracts. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2012.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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39
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Hanschen FS, Rohn S, Mewis I, Schreiner M, Kroh LW. Influence of the chemical structure on the thermal degradation of the glucosinolates in broccoli sprouts. Food Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.05.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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40
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Navarro SL, Li F, Lampe JW. Mechanisms of action of isothiocyanates in cancer chemoprevention: an update. Food Funct 2011; 2:579-87. [PMID: 21935537 PMCID: PMC3204939 DOI: 10.1039/c1fo10114e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Isothiocyanates (ITC), derived from glucosinolates, are thought to be responsible for the chemoprotective actions conferred by higher cruciferous vegetable intake. Evidence suggests that isothiocyanates exert their effects through a variety of distinct but interconnected signaling pathways important for inhibiting carcinogenesis, including those involved in detoxification, inflammation, apoptosis, and cell cycle and epigenetic regulation, among others. This article provides an update on the latest research on isothiocyanates and these mechanisms, and points out remaining gaps in our understanding of these events. Given the variety of ITC produced from glucosinolates, and the diverse pathways on which these compounds act, a systems biology approach, in vivo, may help to better characterize their integrated role in cancer prevention. In addition, the effects of dose, duration of exposure, and specificity of different ITC should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandi L. Navarro
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Division of Public Health Sciences, Seattle, WA, 98109
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Fei Li
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Division of Public Health Sciences, Seattle, WA, 98109
| | - Johanna W. Lampe
- Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Division of Public Health Sciences, Seattle, WA, 98109
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Nutritional Sciences, Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
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Williams DJ, Critchley C, Pun S, Chaliha M, O'Hare TJ. Key role of Fe(2+) in epithiospecifier protein activity. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:8512-21. [PMID: 20608730 DOI: 10.1021/jf904532n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The chemical nature of the hydrolysis products from the glucosinolate-myrosinase system depends on the presence or absence of supplementary proteins such as epithiospecifier proteins (ESPs). ESPs promote the formation of epithionitriles from terminal alkenyl glucosinolates and, as recent evidence suggests, simple nitriles at the expense of isothiocyanates. From a human health perspective isothiocyanates are the most important because they are major inducers of carcinogen-detoxifying enzymes. Fe(2+) is an essential factor in ESP activity, although several recent studies have highlighted discrepancies in the understanding of the ESP-iron interaction. To investigate further the role iron species play in regulating ESP activity, four ESP-containing seedpowders were analyzed for ESP and myrosinase activities, endogenous iron content, and glucosinolate degradation products after the addition of iron species, specific chelators, and reducing agents. For the first time this paper shows the effect of these additions on the hydrolysis of individual glucosinolates that constitute the total pool. Aged seeds and 3-day seedlings were also tested to investigate the effects of seed storage and early plant development on iron levels and ESP activity. The four ESP-containing plant systems tested gave two distinctive responses, thus providing strong evidence that ESPs vary markedly in their Fe(2+) requirement for activity. The results also indicated that reduction of ferric to ferrous iron drives variations in ESP activity during early plant development. The reverse oxidation reaction provided a convincing explanation for the loss of ESP activity during seed storage. Aged seeds produced seedlings with substantially lower ESP activity, and there was a concomitant loss in germination rate. It was concluded that manipulation of endogenous iron levels of ESP-containing plants could increase the conversion of glucosinolates to isothiocyanates and enhance potential health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Williams
- DEEDI, Agri-Science Queensland, 19 Hercules Street, Hamilton, Queensland 4007, Australia.
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